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Guo H, Lv J, Su X, Chen L, Ren J, Liu L, Ren M, Liu S, Dai M, Ren G, Gao F. Rice OseIF6.1 encodes a eukaryotic translation initiation factor and is essential for the development of grain and anther. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1366986. [PMID: 38576779 PMCID: PMC10991840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1366986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The eIF6 proteins are distributed extensively in eukaryotes and play diverse and essential roles. The bona fide eIF6 protein in Arabidopsis, At-eIF6;1, is essential for embryogenesis. However, the role of eIF6 proteins in rice growth and development remains elusive and requires further investigation. Here, we characterized the functions of OseIF6.1, which is homologous to At-eIF6;1. OseIF6.1 encodes an eukaryotic translation initiation factor with a conserved eIF6 domain. The knockdown of OseIF6.1 resulted in a decrease in grain length and pollen sterility, whereas the overexpression of OseIF6.1 displayed opposite phenotypes. Further studies revealed that OseIF6.1 regulates grain shape by influencing cell expansion and proliferation. In addition, OseIF6.1 interacts with OsNMD3, which is a nuclear export adaptor for the 60S ribosomal subunit. The knockdown of OsNMD3 in plants exhibited reduced fertility and seed setting. Therefore, our findings have significantly enriched the current understanding of the role of OseIF6.1 in rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Guo
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqun Lv
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangwen Su
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juansheng Ren
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxin Ren
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Liu
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingli Dai
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangjun Ren
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
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2
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Mullin BH, Zhu K, Brown SJ, Mullin S, Dudbridge F, Pavlos NJ, Richards JB, Grundberg E, Bell JT, Zeggini E, Walsh JP, Xu J, Wilson SG. Leveraging osteoclast genetic regulatory data to identify genes with a role in osteoarthritis. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad150. [PMID: 37579195 PMCID: PMC10550309 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the role of the subchondral bone and its resident osteoclasts in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 100 independent association signals for OA traits. Most of these signals are led by noncoding variants, suggesting that genetic regulatory effects may drive many of the associations. We have generated a unique human osteoclast-like cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) resource for studying the genetics of bone disease. Considering the potential role of osteoclasts in the pathogenesis of OA, we performed an integrative analysis of this dataset with the recently published OA GWAS results. Summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analyses identified 38 genes with a potential role in OA, including some that have been implicated in Mendelian diseases with joint/skeletal abnormalities, such as BICRA, EIF6, CHST3, and FBN2. Several OA GWAS signals demonstrated colocalization with more than one eQTL peak, including at 19q13.32 (hip OA with BCAM, PRKD2, and BICRA eQTL). We also identified a number of eQTL signals colocalizing with more than one OA trait, including FAM53A, GCAT, HMGN1, MGAT4A, RRP7BP, and TRIOBP. An SMR analysis identified 3 loci with evidence of pleiotropic effects on OA-risk and gene expression: LINC01481, CPNE1, and EIF6. Both CPNE1 and EIF6 are located at 20q11.22, a locus harboring 2 other strong OA candidate genes, GDF5 and UQCC1, suggesting the presence of an OA-risk gene cluster. In summary, we have used our osteoclast-specific eQTL dataset to identify genes potentially involved with the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shelby Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Translational Genomics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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3
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Meng W, Xiao H, Mei P, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhao R, Liao Y. Critical Roles of METTL3 in Translation Regulation of Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020243. [PMID: 36830614 PMCID: PMC9953158 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant translation, a characteristic feature of cancer, is regulated by the complex and sophisticated RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in the canonical translation machinery. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are the most abundant internal modifications in mRNAs mediated by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). METTL3 is commonly aberrantly expressed in different tumors and affects the mRNA translation of many oncogenes or dysregulated tumor suppressor genes in a variety of ways. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of METTL3 in translation regulation and how METTL3 and m6A reader proteins in collaboration with RBPs within the canonical translation machinery promote aberrant translation in tumorigenesis, providing an overview of recent efforts aiming to 'translate' these results to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peiyuan Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongde Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Wang H, Xie Y, Wang X, Geng X, Gao L. Characterization of the RACK1 gene of Aips cerana cerana and its role in adverse environmental stresses. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110796. [PMID: 35973656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1s) are a kind of multifunction scaffold protein that plays an important role in cell signal transductions and animal development. However, the function of RACK1 in the Chinese honeybee Apis cerana cerana is little known. Here, we isolated and identified a RACK1 gene from Apis cerana cerana, named AccRACK1. By bioinformatic analysis, we revealed a high nucleic acid homology between AccRACK1 and RACK1 of Apis cerana. RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated AccRACK1 was mostly expressed in 3rd instar larvae, darked-eyed pupae and adults (one and thirty days post-emergence), suggesting it might participate in the development of A. cerana cerana. Moreover, the expression of AccRACK1 was highest in the thorax, followed by the venom gland. Compared to the blank control group, AccRACK1 was induced by 24 and 44 °C, HgCl2 and pesticides (paraquat, pyridaben and methomyl) but inhibited by 14 °C, H2O2, UV light and cyhalothrin. Additionally, 0.05, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/ml PPN (juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen) could promote the expression of AccRACK1, with 1 mg/ml showing the highest upregulation, suggesting it was regulated by hormones. Further study found that after knockdown of AccRACK1 by RNAi, the expression of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 of A. cerana cerana (AcceIF6), an initiation factor regulating the initiation of translation, was inhibited, indicating AccRACK1 might affect cellular responses by translation. These findings, taken together, suggest AccRACK1 is involved in the development and responses to abiotic stresses of A. cerana cerana, and therefore, it may be of critical importance to the survival of A. cerana cerana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yucai Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China.
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5
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Rubio A, Garland GD, Sfakianos A, Harvey RF, Willis AE. Aberrant protein synthesis and cancer development: The role of canonical eukaryotic initiation, elongation and termination factors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:151-165. [PMID: 35487398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In tumourigenesis, oncogenes or dysregulated tumour suppressor genes alter the canonical translation machinery leading to a reprogramming of the translatome that, in turn, promotes the translation of selected mRNAs encoding proteins involved in proliferation and metastasis. It is therefore unsurprising that abnormal expression levels and activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), elongation factors (eEFs) or termination factors (eRFs) are associated with poor outcome for patients with a wide range of cancers. In this review we discuss how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) within the canonical translation factor machinery are dysregulated in cancers and how targeting such proteins is leading to new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rubio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Gavin D Garland
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Aristeidis Sfakianos
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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6
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Guo H, Cui Y, Huang L, Ge L, Xu X, Xue D, Tang M, Zheng J, Yi Y, Chen L. The RNA binding protein OsLa influences grain and anther development in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1397-1414. [PMID: 35322500 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
La proteins are found widely in eukaryotes and play a variety of vital roles. AtLa1 has been identified as an La protein that is necessary for embryogenesis in Arabidopsis; however, the existence and biological functions of La proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized two La proteins in rice that are homologous to AtLa1 and named them OsLa1 and OsLa2. Both the OsLa1 and OsLa2 genes encode RNA-binding proteins with an La domain and two RNA-binding domains. Mutant OsLa1 reduced grain length and pollen fertility, whereas OsLa1 overexpression caused the opposite phenotypes. Further experiments indicated that OsLa1 modulates grain size by influencing cell expansion. Interestingly, mutant OsLa2 resulted in thin grains with decreased weight and a low seed-setting rate. We also found that OsLa1 interacted with OsLa2 and that both OsLa1 and OsLa2 interacted with OseIF6.1, a eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. In addition, OsLa1 was able to bind to OseIF6.1 mRNA to modulate its expression. Complete OseIF6.1 knockout caused lethality and OseIF6.1/oseif6.1 heterozygous plants displayed low fertility and low seed setting. Together, our results enrich our knowledge of the role of La proteins in rice growth and development, as well as the relationship between La and eIF6 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuchao Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Ge
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Danyang Xue
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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7
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Li H, Hu X, Cheng C, Lu M, Huang L, Dou H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Ribosome production factor 2 homolog promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via AKT/Gsk-3β signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:52-57. [PMID: 35123266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, and its prognosis is closely related to the degree of tumor invasion and metastasis. Ribosome production factor 2 homolog (RPF2) plays an important role in the process of ribosome biogenesis; however, its biological function in the progression of malignant tumors including CRC remains unknown. It was found that RPF2 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissue, using mRNA chip technology. This study aimed to explore the role of RPF2 in the invasion and migration of CRC cells and investigate its probable molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that RPF2 is not only highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines but can also activate the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway through direct interaction with CARM1, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and consequently enhancing the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we speculated that RPF2 may become a novel therapeutic target for suppression of local invasion and distant metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Xingqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Macheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Huiqiang Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China.
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8
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Keen AN, Payne LA, Mehta V, Rice A, Simpson LJ, Pang KL, del Rio Hernandez A, Reader JS, Tzima E. Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 regulates mechanical responses in endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202005213. [PMID: 35024764 PMCID: PMC8763864 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The repertoire of extratranslational functions of components of the protein synthesis apparatus is expanding to include control of key cell signaling networks. However, very little is known about noncanonical functions of members of the protein synthesis machinery in regulating cellular mechanics. We demonstrate that the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) modulates cellular mechanobiology. eIF6-depleted endothelial cells, under basal conditions, exhibit unchanged nascent protein synthesis, polysome profiles, and cytoskeleton protein expression, with minimal effects on ribosomal biogenesis. In contrast, using traction force and atomic force microscopy, we show that loss of eIF6 leads to reduced stiffness and force generation accompanied by cytoskeletal and focal adhesion defects. Mechanistically, we show that eIF6 is required for the correct spatial mechanoactivation of ERK1/2 via stabilization of an eIF6-RACK1-ERK1/2-FAK mechanocomplex, which is necessary for force-induced remodeling. These results reveal an extratranslational function for eIF6 and a novel paradigm for how mechanotransduction, the cellular cytoskeleton, and protein translation constituents are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Keen
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke A. Payne
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vedanta Mehta
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa J. Simpson
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kar Lai Pang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Armando del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John S. Reader
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellie Tzima
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Kachaev ZM, Ivashchenko SD, Kozlov EN, Lebedeva LA, Shidlovskii YV. Localization and Functional Roles of Components of the Translation Apparatus in the Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus. Cells 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34831461 PMCID: PMC8623629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the translation apparatus, including ribosomal proteins, have been found in cell nuclei in various organisms. Components of the translation apparatus are involved in various nuclear processes, particularly those associated with genome integrity control and the nuclear stages of gene expression, such as transcription, mRNA processing, and mRNA export. Components of the translation apparatus control intranuclear trafficking; the nuclear import and export of RNA and proteins; and regulate the activity, stability, and functional recruitment of nuclear proteins. The nuclear translocation of these components is often involved in the cell response to stimulation and stress, in addition to playing critical roles in oncogenesis and viral infection. Many components of the translation apparatus are moonlighting proteins, involved in integral cell stress response and coupling of gene expression subprocesses. Thus, this phenomenon represents a significant interest for both basic and applied molecular biology. Here, we provide an overview of the current data regarding the molecular functions of translation factors and ribosomal proteins in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur M. Kachaev
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Ivashchenko
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Eugene N. Kozlov
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Lyubov A. Lebedeva
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Sun L, Liu S, Wang X, Zheng X, Chen Y, Shen H. eIF6 promotes the malignant progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma via the mTOR signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:216. [PMID: 34016142 PMCID: PMC8139032 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) has a crucial function in the maturation of 60S ribosomal subunits, and it controls the initiation of protein translation. Although emerging studies indicate that eIF6 is aberrantly expressed in various types of cancers, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of eIF6 in the pathological progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of eIF6 in patients with HCC. METHODS HCC samples enrolled from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and our cohort were used to explore the role and mechanism of eIF6 in HCC. The diagnostic power of eIF6 was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and its prognostic value was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and then related biological functions of eIF6 were determined in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In addition, potential molecular mechanism of eIF6 in HCC was unveiled by the gene set enrichment analysis and western blot assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that eIF6 expression was markedly increased in HCC, and elevated eIF6 expression correlated with pathological progression of HCC. Besides, eIF6 served as not only a new diagnostic biomarker but also an independent risk factor for OS in HCC patients. Functional studies indicated that the deletion of eIF6 displayed tumor-suppressor activity in HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that eIF6 could activate the mTOR-related signaling pathway and regulate the expression level of its target genes, such as CCND1, CDK4, CDK6, MYC, CASP3 and CTNNBL1, and these activities promoted proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provided a novel basis for understanding the potential role of eIF6 in promoting tumor growth and invasion, and exploited a promising strategy for improving diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopai Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Koh AL, Bonnard C, Lim JY, Liew WK, Thoon KC, Thomas T, Ali NAB, Ng AYJ, Tohari S, Phua KB, Venkatesh B, Reversade B, Jamuar SS. Heterozygous missense variant in EIF6 gene: A novel form of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2010-2020. [PMID: 32657013 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare multisystem ribosomal biogenesis disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hematologic abnormalities and bony abnormalities. About 90% of patients have biallelic mutations in SBDS gene. Three additional genes-EFL1, DNAJC21 and SRP54 have been reported in association with a SDS phenotype. However, the cause remains unknown for ~10% of patients. Herein, we report a 6-year-old Chinese boy, who presented in the neonatal period with pancytopenia, liver transaminitis with hepatosplenomegaly and developmental delay, and subsequently developed pancreatic insufficiency complicated by malabsorption and poor growth. Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous variant in EIF6 (c.182G>T, p.Arg61Leu). EIF6 protein inhibits ribosomal maturation and is removed in the late steps of ribosomal maturation by SBDS and EFL1 protein. Given the interaction of EIF6 with SBDS and EFL1, we postulate heterozygous variants in EIF6 as a novel cause of Shwachman-Diamond-like phenotype. We compared the phenotype of our patient with those in patients with mutation in SBDS, EFL1, DNAJC21, and SRP54 genes to support this association. Identification of more cases of this novel phenotype would strengthen the association with the genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ling Koh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiin Ying Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woei Kang Liew
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koh Cheng Thoon
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terrence Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Alvin Yu Jin Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Boo Phua
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saumya Shekhar Jamuar
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Mechanism of ribosome shutdown by RsfS in Staphylococcus aureus revealed by integrative structural biology approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1656. [PMID: 32245971 PMCID: PMC7125091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
For the sake of energy preservation, bacteria, upon transition to stationary phase, tone down their protein synthesis. This process is favored by the reversible binding of small stress-induced proteins to the ribosome to prevent unnecessary translation. One example is the conserved bacterial ribosome silencing factor (RsfS) that binds to uL14 protein onto the large ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the small subunit. Here we describe the binding mode of Staphylococcus aureus RsfS to the large ribosomal subunit and present a 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of the 50S-RsfS complex together with the crystal structure of uL14-RsfS complex solved at 2.3 Å resolution. The understanding of the detailed landscape of RsfS-uL14 interactions within the ribosome shed light on the mechanism of ribosome shutdown in the human pathogen S. aureus and might deliver a novel target for pharmacological drug development and treatment of bacterial infections.
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13
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Pesce E, Miluzio A, Turcano L, Minici C, Cirino D, Calamita P, Manfrini N, Oliveto S, Ricciardi S, Grifantini R, Degano M, Bresciani A, Biffo S. Discovery and Preliminary Characterization of Translational Modulators that Impair the Binding of eIF6 to 60S Ribosomal Subunits. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010172. [PMID: 31936702 PMCID: PMC7017188 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is necessary for the nucleolar biogenesis of 60S ribosomes. However, most of eIF6 resides in the cytoplasm, where it acts as an initiation factor. eIF6 is necessary for maximal protein synthesis downstream of growth factor stimulation. eIF6 is an antiassociation factor that binds 60S subunits, in turn preventing premature 40S joining and thus the formation of inactive 80S subunits. It is widely thought that eIF6 antiassociation activity is critical for its function. Here, we exploited and improved our assay for eIF6 binding to ribosomes (iRIA) in order to screen for modulators of eIF6 binding to the 60S. Three compounds, eIFsixty-1 (clofazimine), eIFsixty-4, and eIFsixty-6 were identified and characterized. All three inhibit the binding of eIF6 to the 60S in the micromolar range. eIFsixty-4 robustly inhibits cell growth, whereas eIFsixty-1 and eIFsixty-6 might have dose- and cell-specific effects. Puromycin labeling shows that eIF6ixty-4 is a strong global translational inhibitor, whereas the other two are mild modulators. Polysome profiling and RT-qPCR show that all three inhibitors reduce the specific translation of well-known eIF6 targets. In contrast, none of them affect the nucleolar localization of eIF6. These data provide proof of principle that the generation of eIF6 translational modulators is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pesce
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Turcano
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (Roma), Italy;
| | - Claudia Minici
- Biocrystallography Unit, Dept. of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Delia Cirino
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Calamita
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Manfrini
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliveto
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Massimo Degano
- Biocrystallography Unit, Dept. of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (Roma), Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, INGM, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.); (R.G.)
- DBS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.B.)
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14
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Marina D, Arnaud L, Paul Noel L, Felix S, Bernard R, Natacha C. Relevance of Translation Initiation in Diffuse Glioma Biology and its Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2019; 8:E1542. [PMID: 31795417 PMCID: PMC6953081 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are continually exposed to environmental stressors forcing them to adapt their protein production to survive. The translational machinery can be recruited by malignant cells to synthesize proteins required to promote their survival, even in times of high physiological and pathological stress. This phenomenon has been described in several cancers including in gliomas. Abnormal regulation of translation has encouraged the development of new therapeutics targeting the protein synthesis pathway. This approach could be meaningful for glioma given the fact that the median survival following diagnosis of the highest grade of glioma remains short despite current therapy. The identification of new targets for the development of novel therapeutics is therefore needed in order to improve this devastating overall survival rate. This review discusses current literature on translation in gliomas with a focus on the initiation step covering both the cap-dependent and cap-independent modes of initiation. The different translation initiation protagonists will be described in normal conditions and then in gliomas. In addition, their gene expression in gliomas will systematically be examined using two freely available datasets. Finally, we will discuss different pathways regulating translation initiation and current drugs targeting the translational machinery and their potential for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digregorio Marina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Lombard Arnaud
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lumapat Paul Noel
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Scholtes Felix
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rogister Bernard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Coppieters Natacha
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
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15
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Golob-Schwarzl N, Wodlej C, Kleinegger F, Gogg-Kamerer M, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Petzold J, Aigelsreiter A, Thalhammer M, Park YN, Haybaeck J. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 overexpression plays a major role in the translational control of gallbladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2699-2711. [PMID: 31586263 PMCID: PMC6800842 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare neoplasia of the biliary tract with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms of GBC are not specific and often arise at late stage of disease. For this reason, diagnosis is typically made when the cancer is already in advanced stages, and prognosis for survival is less than 5 years in 90% of cases. Biomarkers to monitor disease progression and novel therapeutic alternative targets for these tumors are strongly required. Commonly, dysregulated protein synthesis contributes to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this case, protein synthesis directs translation of specific mRNAs, and, in turn, promotes cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors. In eukaryotes, protein synthesis is regulated at its initiation, which is a rate-limiting step involving eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). We hypothesize that eIFs represent crossroads in the development of GBC, and might serve as potential biomarkers. The study focus was the role of eIF6 (an anti-association factor for the ribosomal subunits) in GBC. METHODS In human GBC samples, the expression of eIF6 was analyzed biochemically at the protein (immunohistochemistry, immunoblot analyses) and mRNA levels (qRT-PCR). RESULTS High levels of eIF6 correlated with shorter overall survival in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients (n = 28). Immunohistochemical data from tissue microarrays (n = 114) demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of eIF6 in GBC compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Higher eIF6 expression on protein (immunoblot) and mRNA (qRT-PCR) level was confirmed by analyzing fresh frozen GBC patient samples (n = 14). Depletion of eIF6 (using specific siRNA-mediated knockdown) in Mz-ChA-2 and TFK-1 cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that eIF6 overexpression plays a major role in the translational control of GBC, and indicates its potential as a new biomarker and therapeutic target in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Wodlej
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Kleinegger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department for Biomedical Research, Core Facility Alternative Biomodels and Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Gogg-Kamerer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Petzold
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariane Aigelsreiter
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Thalhammer
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine Soul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39210, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Modulating eIF6 levels unveils the role of translation in ecdysone biosynthesis during Drosophila development. Dev Biol 2019; 455:100-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Rollins MG, Jha S, Bartom ET, Walsh D. RACK1 evolved species-specific multifunctionality in translational control through sequence plasticity within a loop domain. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228908. [PMID: 31118235 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein that regulates several aspects of mRNA translation; yet, how it does so, remains poorly understood. Here we show that, although RACK1 consists largely of conserved β-propeller domains that mediate binding to several other proteins, a short interconnecting loop between two of these blades varies across species to control distinct RACK1 functions during translation. Mutants and chimeras revealed that the amino acid composition of the loop is optimized to regulate interactions with eIF6, a eukaryotic initiation factor that controls 60S biogenesis and 80S ribosome assembly. Separately, phylogenetics revealed that, despite broad sequence divergence of the loop, there is striking conservation of negatively charged residues amongst protists and dicot plants, which is reintroduced to mammalian RACK1 by poxviruses through phosphorylation. Although both charged and uncharged loop mutants affect eIF6 interactions, only a negatively charged plant - but not uncharged yeast or human loop - enhances translation of mRNAs with adenosine-rich 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). Our findings reveal how sequence plasticity within the RACK1 loop confers multifunctionality in translational control across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline G Rollins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sujata Jha
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Proteins of the Nucleolus of Dictyostelium discoideum: Nucleolar Compartmentalization, Targeting Sequences, Protein Translocations and Binding Partners. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020167. [PMID: 30781559 PMCID: PMC6406644 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoli of Dictyostelium discoideum have a comparatively unique, non-canonical, localization adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The verified nucleolar proteins of this eukaryotic microbe are detailed while other potential proteins are introduced. Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) are essential for cell survival. NumA1, a breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein-C Terminus domain-containing protein linked to cell cycle, functions in the regulation of nuclear number. The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 homologue forkhead-associated kinase A (FhkA) and BRG1-associated factor 60a homologue Snf12 are also discussed. While nucleoli appear homogeneous ultrastructurally, evidence for nucleolar subcompartments exists. Nucleolar localization sequences (NoLS) have been defined that target proteins to either the general nucleolar area or to a specific intranucleolar domain. Protein translocations during mitosis are protein-specific and support the multiple functions of the Dictyostelium nucleolus. To enrich the picture, binding partners of NumA1, the most well-characterized nucleolar protein, are examined: nucleolar Ca2+-binding protein 4a (CBP4a), nuclear puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase A (PsaA) and Snf12. The role of Dictyostelium as a model for understanding the contribution of nucleolar proteins to various diseases and cellular stress is discussed throughout the review.
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19
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The Role of Eif6 in Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis Revealed by Endurance Training Co-expression Networks. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1507-1520. [PMID: 29117557 PMCID: PMC5695912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular endurance training improves muscle oxidative capacity and reduces the risk of age-related disorders. Understanding the molecular networks underlying this phenomenon is crucial. Here, by exploiting the power of computational modeling, we show that endurance training induces profound changes in gene regulatory networks linking signaling and selective control of translation to energy metabolism and tissue remodeling. We discovered that knockdown of the mTOR-independent factor Eif6, which we predicted to be a key regulator of this process, affects mitochondrial respiration efficiency, ROS production, and exercise performance. Our work demonstrates the validity of a data-driven approach to understanding muscle homeostasis. Endurance exercise profoundly affects the structure of gene networks Eif6 is a hub in gene networks responsible for muscle metabolism and protein synthesis Mitochondrial metabolic capacity altered in muscle from Eif6+/− mice Eif6 haploinsufficiency increased ROS generation and reduced exercise performance
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20
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Carotenuto R, Tussellino M. Xenopus laevis oocyte as a model for the study of the cytoskeleton. C R Biol 2018; 341:219-227. [PMID: 29705198 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of diplotene, the oocyte of Xenopus laevis is a cell of about 10-20 microns destined to increase 10,000-fold its size when the oocyte becomes filled with yolk platelets and has accumulated a great number of pigment granules in a half of its periphery. Its internal architecture is gradually accomplished during growth because of several factors, especially because of cytoskeletal changes. In the fully-grown oocyte, the cytoskeleton appears to sustain the eccentrically located germinal vesicle through arms radiating from the cortex to the germinal vesicle, a unique organization not to be found in other Amphibians. In this report, we summarized and analysed steps of cytoskeletal proteins and related mRNAs organization and function throughout diplotene stage, highlighting our studies in this animal model. The cytoskeletal proteins appear to exploit their activity with respect to ribosomal 60S subunit maturation and during translation. Most importantly, the polarity of the oocyte is achieved through a sophisticated and highly organized localization of mRNAs and cytoskeletal proteins in one side of the cell. This asymmetry will start the construction of the oocyte polarity that is instrumental for determining the characteristic of this cell, which will become an embryo. Moreover, in the same time membrane composition, conditioned by the underlying cytoskeletal organization, will acquire the prerequisites for sperm binding and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Gaba A, Ayalew LE, Patel A, Kumar P, Tikoo SK. Bovine adenovirus‐3 protein VIII associates with eukaryotic initiation factor‐6 during infection. Cell Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gaba
- VIDO‐InterVacUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Veterinary MicrobiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Lisanework E. Ayalew
- VIDO‐InterVacUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Veterinary MicrobiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Amrutlal Patel
- VIDO‐InterVacUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Veterinary MicrobiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- VIDO‐InterVacUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Suresh K. Tikoo
- VIDO‐InterVacUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Veterinary MicrobiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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22
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Romano N, Ricciardi S, Gallo P, Ceci M. Upregulation of eIF6 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:601-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Manfrini N, Ricciardi S, Miluzio A, Fedeli M, Scagliola A, Gallo S, Brina D, Adler T, Busch DH, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Biffo S. High levels of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) are required for immune system homeostasis and for steering the glycolytic flux of TCR-stimulated CD4 + T cells in both mice and humans. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:69-76. [PMID: 28743432 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) is required for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and efficient initiation of translation. Intriguingly, in both mice and humans, endogenous levels of eIF6 are detrimental as they act as tumor and obesity facilitators, raising the question on the evolutionary pressure that maintains high eIF6 levels. Here we show that, in mice and humans, high levels of eIF6 are required for proper immune functions. First, eIF6 heterozygous (het) mice show an increased mortality during viral infection and a reduction of peripheral blood CD4+ Effector Memory T cells. In human CD4+ T cells, eIF6 levels rapidly increase upon T-cell receptor activation and drive the glycolytic switch and the acquisition of effector functions. Importantly, in CD4+ T cells, eIF6 levels control interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion without affecting proliferation. In conclusion, the immune system has a high evolutionary pressure for the maintenance of a dynamic and powerful regulation of the translational machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manfrini
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT, H. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliola
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Brina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Via Mirasole 22A, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Thure Adler
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Warren AJ. Molecular basis of the human ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:109-127. [PMID: 28942353 PMCID: PMC6710477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that target the ubiquitous process of ribosome assembly paradoxically cause diverse tissue-specific disorders (ribosomopathies) that are often associated with an increased risk of cancer. Ribosomes are the essential macromolecular machines that read the genetic code in all cells in all kingdoms of life. Following pre-assembly in the nucleus, precursors of the large 60S and small 40S ribosomal subunits are exported to the cytoplasm where the final steps in maturation are completed. Here, I review the recent insights into the conserved mechanisms of ribosome assembly that have come from functional characterisation of the genes mutated in human ribosomopathies. In particular, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy, coupled with genetic, biochemical and prior structural data, have revealed that the SBDS protein that is deficient in the inherited leukaemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome couples the final step in cytoplasmic 60S ribosomal subunit maturation to a quality control assessment of the structural and functional integrity of the nascent particle. Thus, study of this fascinating disorder is providing remarkable insights into how the large ribosomal subunit is functionally activated in the cytoplasm to enter the actively translating pool of ribosomes.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow Diseases/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Diseases/pathology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/metabolism
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/pathology
- Humans
- Lipomatosis/metabolism
- Lipomatosis/pathology
- Mutation
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/ultrastructure
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/ultrastructure
- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK; The Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Manfrini N, Ricciardi S, Miluzio A, Fedeli M, Scagliola A, Gallo S, Adler T, Busch DH, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Biffo S. Data on the effects of eIF6 downmodulation on the proportions of innate and adaptive immune system cell subpopulations and on thymocyte maturation. Data Brief 2017; 14:653-658. [PMID: 28924581 PMCID: PMC5591389 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data described in this article are related to “High levels of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) are required for immune system homeostasis and for steering the glycolytic flux of TCR-stimulated CD4+ T cells in both mice and humans” (Manfrini et al., in press) [1]. eIF6 is a translation initiation factor required for ribosomal biogenesis (Sanvito et al., 1999) [2] and for proper translational initiation (Gallo and Manfrini, 2015; Miluzio et al., 2016) [3], [4] whose protein abundance requires tight regulation. Here we analyze by flow cytometry the effects of eIF6 depletion on proportions of specific innate and adaptive immune system subpopulations and on thymocyte maturation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manfrini
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT, H. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliola
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Thure Adler
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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26
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Tan TCJ, Knight J, Sbarrato T, Dudek K, Willis AE, Zamoyska R. Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6117-E6126. [PMID: 28696283 PMCID: PMC5544288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700939114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of T cells have been rich sources of unbiased data for understanding T-cell activation. Lack of full concordance of these datasets has illustrated that important facets of T-cell activation are controlled at the level of translation. We undertook translatome analysis of CD8 T-cell activation, combining polysome profiling and microarray analysis. We revealed that altering T-cell receptor stimulation influenced recruitment of mRNAs to heavy polysomes and translation of subsets of genes. A major pathway that was compromised, when TCR signaling was suboptimal, was linked to ribosome biogenesis, a rate-limiting factor in both cell growth and proliferation. Defective TCR signaling affected transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA precursors, as well as the translation of specific ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Mechanistically, IL-2 production was compromised in weakly stimulated T cells, affecting the abundance of Myc protein, a known regulator of ribosome biogenesis. Consequently, weakly activated T cells showed impaired production of ribosomes and a failure to maintain proliferative capacity after stimulation. We demonstrate that primary T cells respond to various environmental cues by regulating ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation at multiple levels to sustain proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C J Tan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - John Knight
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Sbarrato
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Dudek
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom;
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27
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Translational control by mTOR-independent routes: how eIF6 organizes metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1667-1673. [PMID: 27913676 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the interconnection between translation and metabolism. Important oncogenic pathways, like those elicited by c-Myc transcription factor and mTOR kinase, couple the activation of the translational machinery with glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is a factor necessary for 60S ribosome maturation. eIF6 acts also as a cytoplasmic translation initiation factor, downstream of growth factor stimulation. eIF6 is up-regulated in several tumor types. Data on mice models have demonstrated that eIF6 cytoplasmic activity is rate-limiting for Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. In spite of this, eIF6 is neither transcriptionally regulated by Myc, nor post-transcriptionally regulated by mTOR. eIF6 stimulates a glycolytic and fatty acid synthesis program necessary for tumor growth. eIF6 increases the translation of transcription factors necessary for lipogenesis, such as CEBP/β, ATF4 and CEBP/δ. Insulin stimulation leads to an increase in translation and fat synthesis blunted by eIF6 deficiency. Paradoxycally, long-term inhibition of eIF6 activity increases insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the translational activation observed upon insulin and growth factors stimulation acts as a feed-forward mechanism regulating lipid synthesis. The data on the role that eIF6 plays in cancer and in insulin sensitivity make it a tempting pharmacological target for cancers and metabolic diseases. We speculate that eIF6 inhibition will be particularly effective especially when mTOR sensitivity to rapamycin is abrogated by RAS mutations.
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28
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Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF6 modulates the expression of Kermit 2/XGIPC in IGF- regulated eye development. Dev Biol 2017; 427:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Zhu W, Li GX, Chen HL, Liu XY. The role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 in tumors. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3-9. [PMID: 28693127 PMCID: PMC5494901 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) affects the maturation of 60S ribosomal subunits. Found in yeast and mammalian cells, eIF6 is primarily located in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the dysregulated expression of eIF6 is important in several types of human cancer, including head and neck carcinoma, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms by which eIF6 functions during tumor formation and progression remain elusive. The present review focuses on recent progress in terms of the mechanisms and functions of eIF6 in human tumorigenesis or cancer cell lines, along with the signal transduction pathways in which this novel translation initiation factor may participate. Oncogenic Ras activates Notch-1 and promotes transcription of eIF6 via a recombining binding protein suppressor of Hairless-dependent mechanism. In addition, overexpression of eIF6 results in aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Similarly, overexpressed eIF6 regulates its downstream modulator, cell division control protein 42, which in turn affects oncogenesis. Finally, the potential of eIF6 as a biomarker for diagnosis of cancer is also discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Gui Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yan Liu
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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30
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Oliveto S, Mancino M, Manfrini N, Biffo S. Role of microRNAs in translation regulation and cancer. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:45-56. [PMID: 28289518 PMCID: PMC5329714 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pervasively expressed and regulate most biological functions. They function by modulating transcriptional and translational programs and therefore they orchestrate both physiological and pathological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth. miRNAs work as small guide molecules in RNA silencing, by negatively regulating the expression of several genes both at mRNA and protein level, by degrading their mRNA target and/or by silencing translation. One of the most recent advances in the field is the comprehension of their role in oncogenesis. The number of miRNA genes is increasing and an alteration in the level of miRNAs is involved in the initiation, progression and metastases formation of several tumors. Some tumor types show a distinct miRNA signature that distinguishes them from normal tissues and from other cancer types. Genetic and biochemical evidence supports the essential role of miRNAs in tumor development. Although the abnormal expression of miRNAs in cancer cells is a widely accepted phenomenon, the cause of this dysregulation is still unknown. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of miRNAs, focusing on the mechanisms by which they regulate protein synthesis. In addition we debate on their role in cancer, highlighting their potential to become therapeutic targets.
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31
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Calamita P, Miluzio A, Russo A, Pesce E, Ricciardi S, Khanim F, Cheroni C, Alfieri R, Mancino M, Gorrini C, Rossetti G, Peluso I, Pagani M, Medina DL, Rommens J, Biffo S. SBDS-Deficient Cells Have an Altered Homeostatic Equilibrium due to Translational Inefficiency Which Explains their Reduced Fitness and Provides a Logical Framework for Intervention. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006552. [PMID: 28056084 PMCID: PMC5249248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomopathies are a family of inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes necessary for ribosomal function. Shwachman-Diamond Bodian Syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused, in most patients, by mutations of the SBDS gene. SBDS is a protein required for the maturation of 60S ribosomes. SDS patients present exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, chronic infections, and skeletal abnormalities. Later in life, patients are prone to myelodisplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is unknown why patients develop AML and which cellular alterations are directly due to the loss of the SBDS protein. Here we derived mouse embryonic fibroblast lines from an SbdsR126T/R126T mouse model. After their immortalization, we reconstituted them by adding wild type Sbds. We then performed a comprehensive analysis of cellular functions including colony formation, translational and transcriptional RNA-seq, stress and drug sensitivity. We show that: 1. Mutant Sbds causes a reduction in cellular clonogenic capability and oncogene-induced transformation. 2. Mutant Sbds causes a marked increase in immature 60S subunits, limited impact on mRNA specific initiation of translation, but reduced global protein synthesis capability. 3. Chronic loss of SBDS activity leads to a rewiring of gene expression with reduced ribosomal capability, but increased lysosomal and catabolic activity. 4. Consistently with the gene signature, we found that SBDS loss causes a reduction in ATP and lactate levels, and increased susceptibility to DNA damage. Combining our data, we conclude that a cell-specific fragile phenotype occurs when SBDS protein drops below a threshold level, and propose a new interpretation of the disease. Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an inherited disease. SDS presents, as hallmarks, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, increased rate of infections, and higher incidence of leukemia. Most cases are due to mutations in the SBDS gene. SBDS encodes for a ribosome maturation factor. In this study, we immortalized mouse fibroblasts carrying one of the most common mutation of SDS patients and performed a thorough analysis of their properties. We show that the loss of SBDS activity causes a rewiring of gene expression and cellular metabolism. Overall we find a reduction of protein synthesis capability, a lower energy status, and increased lysosomal capability. SBDS mutant cells have an increased susceptibility to various forms of stress, but are strikingly resistant to oncogene-induced transformation. We propose a model that explains the complex phenotype of SDS patients and suggests roads for a rationale treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Calamita
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (SB); (PC)
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Russo
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- DiSIT, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Farhat Khanim
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Mancino
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grazisa Rossetti
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Peluso
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)-Fondazione Telethon, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego L. Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)-Fondazione Telethon, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Biffo
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- DBS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (SB); (PC)
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32
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Yang QQ, Yang SS, Tan JL, Luo GX, He WF, Wu J. Process of Hypertrophic Scar Formation: Expression of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2787-91. [PMID: 26481747 PMCID: PMC4736889 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.167359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic scar is one of the most common complications and often causes the disfigurement or deformity in burn or trauma patients. Therapeutic methods on hypertrophic scar treatment have limitations due to the poor understanding of mechanisms of hypertrophic scar formation. To throw light on the molecular mechanism of hypertrophic scar formation will definitely improve the outcome of the treatment. This study aimed to illustrate the negative role of eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) in the process of human hypertrophic scar formation, and provide a possible indicator of hypertrophic scar treatment and a potential target molecule for hypertrophic scar. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the protein expression of eIF6 in the human hypertrophic scar of different periods by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results: In the hypertrophic scar tissue, eIF6 expression was significantly decreased and absent in the basal layer of epidermis in the early period, and increased slowly and began to appear in the basal layer of epidermis by the scar formation time. Conclusions: This study confirmed that eIF6 expression was significantly related to the development of hypertrophic scar, and the eIF6 may be a target molecule for hypertrophic scar control or could be an indicator of the outcomes for other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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33
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Greber BJ. Mechanistic insight into eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis by cryo-electron microscopy. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1643-1662. [PMID: 27875256 PMCID: PMC5066618 DOI: 10.1261/rna.057927.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosomes, the protein-producing factories of the cell, are composed of four ribosomal RNA molecules and roughly 80 proteins. Their biogenesis is a complex process that involves more than 200 biogenesis factors that facilitate the production, modification, and assembly of ribosomal components and the structural transitions along the maturation pathways of the pre-ribosomal particles. Here, I review recent structural and mechanistic insights into the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit that were furthered by cryo-electron microscopy of natively purified pre-60S particles and in vitro reconstituted ribosome assembly factor complexes. Combined with biochemical, genetic, and previous structural data, these structures have provided detailed insights into the assembly and maturation of the central protuberance of the 60S subunit, the network of biogenesis factors near the ribosomal tunnel exit, and the functional activation of the large ribosomal subunit during cytoplasmic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Greber
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, USA
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Miluzio A, Oliveto S, Pesce E, Mutti L, Murer B, Grosso S, Ricciardi S, Brina D, Biffo S. Expression and activity of eIF6 trigger malignant pleural mesothelioma growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37471-85. [PMID: 26462016 PMCID: PMC4741942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
eIF6 is an antiassociation factor that regulates the availability of active 80S. Its activation is driven by the RACK1/PKCβ axis, in a mTORc1 independent manner. We previously described that eIF6 haploinsufficiency causes a striking survival in the Eμ-Myc mouse lymphoma model, with lifespans extended up to 18 months. Here we screen for eIF6 expression in human cancers. We show that Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma tumors (MPM) and a MPM cell line (REN cells) contain high levels of hyperphosphorylated eIF6. Enzastaurin is a PKC beta inhibitor used in clinical trials. We prove that Enzastaurin treatment decreases eIF6 phosphorylation rate, but not eIF6 protein stability. The growth of REN, in vivo, and metastasis are reduced by either Enzastaurin treatment or eIF6 shRNA. Molecular analysis reveals that eIF6 manipulation affects the metabolic status of malignant mesothelioma cells. Less glycolysis and less ATP content are evident in REN cells depleted for eIF6 or treated with Enzastaurin (Anti-Warburg effect). We propose that eIF6 is necessary for malignant mesothelioma growth, in vivo, and can be targeted by kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Miluzio
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliveto
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Biomedicine Institute, The University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford, UK
| | - Bruno Murer
- Hospital Dall'Angelo, Pathology Unit, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ricciardi
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Brina
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Protective Effects of Scutellarin on Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury and Its Possible Target-Related Proteins. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:278014. [PMID: 26557144 PMCID: PMC4628680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scutellarin (SCU) is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine plant Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. In this paper, we studied the protective effects of SCU on human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) against hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury and its possible target-related proteins. Results of MTT assay showed that pretreatment of SCU at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μM for 2 h could significantly inhibit the decrease in cell viability of HCMECs induced by HR injury. Subcellular fractions of cells treated with vehicle control, 1 μM SCU, HR injury, or 1 μM SCU + HR injury were separated by ultracentrifugation. The protein expression profiles of cytoplasm and membrane/nuclei fractions were checked using protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins differentially expressed between control and SCU-treated group, control and HR group, or HR and SCU + HR group were identified using mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Possible interaction network of these target-related proteins was predicted using bioinformatic analysis. The influence of SCU on the expression levels of these proteins was confirmed using Western blotting assay. The results indicated that proteins such as p27BBP protein (EIF6), heat shock 60 kDa protein 1 (HSPD1), and chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A isoform (CCT6A) might play important roles in the effects of SCU.
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Ricciardi S, Miluzio A, Brina D, Clarke K, Bonomo M, Aiolfi R, Guidotti LG, Falciani F, Biffo S. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 is a novel regulator of reactive oxygen species-dependent megakaryocyte maturation. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2108-18. [PMID: 26391622 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomopathies constitute a class of inherited disorders characterized by defects in ribosome biogenesis and function. Classically, bone marrow (BM) failure is a clinical symptom shared between these syndromes, including Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is a critical translation factor that rescues the quasilethal effect of the loss of the SBDS protein. OBJECTIVES To determine whether eIF6 activity is necessary for BM development. METHODS We used eIF6(+/-) mice and primary BM megakaryocytes to investigate the involvement of eIF6 in the regulation of hematopoiesis. RESULTS We provide evidence that reduced eIF6 expression negatively impacts on megakaryopoiesis. We show that inhibition of eIF6 leads to a reduction in cell size and mean ploidy level of megakaryocytes and a delay in megakaryocyte maturation by blocking the G1 /S transition. Consistent with this phenotype, only few megakaryocyte-forming proplatelets were found in eIF6(+/-) cells. We also discovered that, in eIF6(+/-) cells, the steady-state abundance of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-encoding mRNAs is decreased, resulting in decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Intriguingly, connectivity map analysis showed that eIF6-mediated changes overlap with specific translational inhibitors. eIF6 is a translation factor acting downstream of insulin/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. PMA treatment significantly restored eIF6(+/-) megakaryocyte maturation, indicating that activation of eIF6 is essential for the rescue of the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show a role for eIF6-driven translation in megakaryocyte development, and unveil the novel connection between translational control and ROS production in this cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ricciardi
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, National Institute of Molecular Genetics - INGM, 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - A Miluzio
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, National Institute of Molecular Genetics - INGM, 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - D Brina
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, National Institute of Molecular Genetics - INGM, 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - K Clarke
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Bonomo
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Aiolfi
- Immunopathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L G Guidotti
- Immunopathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Biffo
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, National Institute of Molecular Genetics - INGM, 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
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Tourlakis ME, Zhang S, Ball HL, Gandhi R, Liu H, Zhong J, Yuan JS, Guidos CJ, Durie PR, Rommens JM. In Vivo Senescence in the Sbds-Deficient Murine Pancreas: Cell-Type Specific Consequences of Translation Insufficiency. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005288. [PMID: 26057580 PMCID: PMC4461263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic models of ribosome dysfunction show selective organ failure, highlighting a gap in our understanding of cell-type specific responses to translation insufficiency. Translation defects underlie a growing list of inherited and acquired cancer-predisposition syndromes referred to as ribosomopathies. We sought to identify molecular mechanisms underlying organ failure in a recessive ribosomopathy, with particular emphasis on the pancreas, an organ with a high and reiterative requirement for protein synthesis. Biallelic loss of function mutations in SBDS are associated with the ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, which is typified by pancreatic dysfunction, bone marrow failure, skeletal abnormalities and neurological phenotypes. Targeted disruption of Sbds in the murine pancreas resulted in p53 stabilization early in the postnatal period, specifically in acinar cells. Decreased Myc expression was observed and atrophy of the adult SDS pancreas could be explained by the senescence of acinar cells, characterized by induction of Tgfβ, p15Ink4b and components of the senescence-associated secretory program. This is the first report of senescence, a tumour suppression mechanism, in association with SDS or in response to a ribosomopathy. Genetic ablation of p53 largely resolved digestive enzyme synthesis and acinar compartment hypoplasia, but resulted in decreased cell size, a hallmark of decreased translation capacity. Moreover, p53 ablation resulted in expression of acinar dedifferentiation markers and extensive apoptosis. Our findings indicate a protective role for p53 and senescence in response to Sbds ablation in the pancreas. In contrast to the pancreas, the Tgfβ molecular signature was not detected in fetal bone marrow, liver or brain of mouse models with constitutive Sbds ablation. Nevertheless, as observed with the adult pancreas phenotype, disease phenotypes of embryonic tissues, including marked neuronal cell death due to apoptosis, were determined to be p53-dependent. Our findings therefore point to cell/tissue-specific responses to p53-activation that include distinction between apoptosis and senescence pathways, in the context of translation disruption. Growth of all living things relies on protein synthesis. Failure of components of the complex protein synthesis machinery underlies a growing list of inherited and acquired multi—organ syndromes referred to as ribosomopathies. While ribosomes, the critical working components of the protein synthesis machinery, are required in all cell types to translate the genetic code, only certain organs manifest clinical symptoms in ribosomopathies, indicating specific cell-type features of protein synthesis control. Further, many of these diseases result in cancer despite an inherent deficit in growth. Here we report a range of consequences of protein synthesis insufficiency with loss of a broadly expressed ribosome factor, leading to growth impairment and cell cycle arrest at different stages. Apparent induction of p53-dependent cell death and arrest pathways included apoptosis in the fetal brain and senescence in the mature exocrine pancreas. The senescence, considered a tumour suppression mechanism, was accompanied by the expression of biomarkers associated with early stages of malignant transformation. These findings inform how cancer may initiate when growth is compromised and provide new insights into cell-type specific consequences of protein synthesis insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Tourlakis
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather L. Ball
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rikesh Gandhi
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian Zhong
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie S. Yuan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter R. Durie
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johanna M. Rommens
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Calligari PA, Calandrini V, Ollivier J, Artero JB, Härtlein M, Johnson M, Kneller GR. Adaptation of Extremophilic Proteins with Temperature and Pressure: Evidence from Initiation Factor 6. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7860-73. [PMID: 25996652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study dynamical properties of an extremophilic protein, Initiation Factor 6 (IF6), produced by the archeabacterium Methanocaldococcus jannascii, which thrives close to deep-sea hydrothermal vents where temperatures reach 80 °C and the pressure is up to 750 bar. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements give new insights into the dynamical properties of this protein with respect to its eukaryotic and mesophilic homologue. Results obtained by MD are supported by QENS data and are interpreted within the framework of a fractional Brownian dynamics model for the characterization of protein relaxation dynamics. IF6 from M. jannaschii at high temperature and pressure shares similar flexibility with its eukaryotic homologue from S. cerevisieae under ambient conditions. This work shows for the first time, to our knowledge, that the very common pattern of corresponding states for thermophilic protein adaptation can be extended to thermo-barophilic proteins. A detailed analysis of dynamic properties and of local structural fluctuations reveals a complex pattern for "corresponding" structural flexibilities. In particular, in the case of IF6, the latter seems to be strongly related to the entropic contribution given by an additional, C-terminal, 20 amino-acid tail which is evolutionary conserved in all mesophilic IF6s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Calligari
- †SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vania Calandrini
- ‡Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacques Ollivier
- §Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Artero
- §Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Michael Härtlein
- §Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Mark Johnson
- §Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gerald R Kneller
- ∥Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.,⊥Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme de Merisiers, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,#Université de Orléans, Chateau de la Source-Av. du Parc Floral, 45067 Orléans, France
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Brina D, Miluzio A, Ricciardi S, Biffo S. eIF6 anti-association activity is required for ribosome biogenesis, translational control and tumor progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:830-5. [PMID: 25252159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we discuss the function of eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6; Tif6 in yeast). eIF6 binds 60S ribosomal subunits and blocks their joining to 40S. In this context, we propose that eIF6 impedes unproductive 80S formation, namely, the formation of 80S subunits without mRNA. Genetic evidence shows that eIF6 has a dual function: in yeast and mammals, nucleolar eIF6 is necessary for the biogenesis of 60S subunits. In mammals, cytoplasmic eIF6 is required for insulin and growth factor-stimulated translation. In contrast to other translation factors, eIF6 activity is not under mTOR control. The physiological significance of eIF6 impacts on cancer and on inherited Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. eIF6 is overexpressed in specific human tumors. In a murine model of lymphomagenesis, eIF6 depletion leads to a striking increase of survival, without adverse effects. Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome is caused by loss of function of SBDS protein. In yeast, point mutations of Tif6, the yeast homolog of eIF6, rescue the quasi-lethal effect due to the loss of the SBDS homolog, Sdo1. We propose that eIF6 is a node regulator of ribosomal function and predict that prioritizing its pharmacological targeting will be of benefit in cancer and Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brina
- INGM, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milano 20122, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ricciardi
- INGM, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milano 20122, Italy; DISIT, Alessandria 15100, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- INGM, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milano 20122, Italy; DISIT, Alessandria 15100, Italy.
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Cytoskeletal proteins associate with components of the ribosomal maturation and translation apparatus in Xenopus stage I oocytes. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:669-82. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryActin-based cytoskeleton (CSK) and microtubules may bind to RNAs and related molecules implicated in translation. However, many questions remain to be answered regarding the role of cytoskeletal components in supporting the proteins involved in steps in the maturation and translation processes. Here, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence to examine the association between spectrins, keratins and tubulin and proteins involved in 60S ribosomal maturation and translation in Xenopus stage I oocytes, including ribosomal rpl10, eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (Eif6), thesaurins A/B, homologs of the eEF1α elongation factor, and P0, the ribosomal stalk protein. We found that rpl10 and eif6 cross-reacted with the actin-based CSK and with tubulin. rpl10 co-localizes with spectrin, particularly in the perinuclear region. eif6 is similarly localized. Given that upon ribosomal maturation, the insertion of rpl10 into the 60S subunit occurs simultaneously with the release of eif6, one can hypothesise that actin-based CSK and microtubules provide the necessary scaffold for the insertion/release of these two molecules and, subsequently, for eif6 transport and binding to the mature 60S subunit. P0 and thesaurins cross-reacted with only spectrin and cytokeratins. Thesaurins aggregated at the oocyte periphery, rendering this a territory favourable site for protein synthesis; the CSK may support the interaction between thesaurins and sites of the translating ribosome. Moreover, given that the assembly of the ribosome stalk, where P0 is located, to the 60S subunit is essential for the release of eif6, it can be hypothesised that the CSK can facilitate the binding of the stalk to the 60S.
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Saito K, Iizuka Y, Ohta S, Takahashi S, Nakamura K, Saya H, Yoshida K, Kawakami Y, Toda M. Functional analysis of a novel glioma antigen, EFTUD1. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1618-29. [PMID: 25015090 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cDNA library made from 2 glioma cell lines, U87MG and T98G, was screened by serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression (SEREX) using serum from a glioblastoma patient. Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing protein 1 (EFTUD1), which is required for ribosome biogenesis, was identified. A cancer microarray database showed overexpression of EFTUD1 in gliomas, suggesting that EFTUD1 is a candidate molecular target for gliomas. METHODS EFTUD1 expression in glioma cell lines and glioma tissue was assessed by Western blot, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry. The effect on ribosome biogenesis, cell growth, cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis and autophagy in glioma cells during the downregulation of EFTUD1 was investigated. To reveal the role of autophagy, the autophagy-blocker, chloroquine (CQ), was used in glioma cells downregulating EFTUD1. The effect of combining CQ with EFTUD1 inhibition in glioma cells was analyzed. RESULTS EFTUD1 expression in glioma cell lines and tissue was higher than in normal brain tissue. Downregulating EFTUD1 induced G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, leading to reduced glioma cell proliferation. The mechanism underlying this antitumor effect was impaired ribosome biogenesis via EFTUD1 inhibition. Additionally, protective autophagy was induced by glioma cells as an adaptive response to EFTUD1 inhibition. The antitumor effect induced by the combined treatment was significantly higher than that of either EFTUD1 inhibition or CQ alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EFTUD1 represents a novel therapeutic target and that the combination of EFTUD1 inhibition with autophagy blockade may be effective in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Yukihiko Iizuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Shigeki Ohta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S., S.T., K.Y., M.T.); Neuro-immunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I., S.O., M.T.); Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.O.); Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.N., Y.K.); Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.)
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Loreni F, Mancino M, Biffo S. Translation factors and ribosomal proteins control tumor onset and progression: how? Oncogene 2013; 33:2145-56. [PMID: 23644661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is shaped by translational control. The modalities and the extent by which translation factors modify gene expression have revealed therapeutic scenarios. For instance, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E activity is controlled by the signaling cascade of growth factors, and drives tumorigenesis by favoring the translation of specific mRNAs. Highly specific drugs target the activity of eIF4E. Indeed, the antitumor action of mTOR complex 1 (mTORc1) blockers like rapamycin relies on their capability to inhibit eIF4E assembly into functional eIF4F complexes. eIF4E biology, from its inception to recent pharmacological targeting, is proof-of-principle that translational control is druggable. The case for eIF4E is not isolated. The translational machinery is involved in the biology of cancer through many other mechanisms. First, untranslated sequences on mRNAs as well as noncoding RNAs regulate the translational efficiency of mRNAs that are central for tumor progression. Second, other initiation factors like eIF6 show a tumorigenic potential by acting downstream of oncogenic pathways. Third, genetic alterations in components of the translational apparatus underlie an entire class of inherited syndromes known as 'ribosomopathies' that are associated with increased cancer risk. Taken together, data suggest that in spite of their evolutionary conservation and ubiquitous nature, variations in the activity and levels of ribosomal proteins and translation factors generate highly specific effects. Beside, as the structures and biochemical activities of several noncoding RNAs and initiation factors are known, these factors may be amenable to rational pharmacological targeting. The future is to design highly specific drugs targeting the translational apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Loreni
- Department of Biology, University 'Tor Vergata', Roma, Italy
| | - M Mancino
- 1] San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy [2] DISIT, Alessandria, Italy
| | - S Biffo
- 1] San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy [2] DISIT, Alessandria, Italy
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Volta V, Beugnet A, Gallo S, Magri L, Brina D, Pesce E, Calamita P, Sanvito F, Biffo S. RACK1 depletion in a mouse model causes lethality, pigmentation deficits and reduction in protein synthesis efficiency. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1439-50. [PMID: 23212600 PMCID: PMC11113757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a conserved structural protein of 40S ribosomes. Strikingly, deletion of RACK1 in yeast homolog Asc1 is not lethal. Mammalian RACK1 also interacts with many nonribosomal proteins, hinting at several extraribosomal functions. A knockout mouse for RACK1 has not previously been described. We produced the first RACK1 mutant mouse, in which both alleles of RACK1 gene are defective in RACK1 expression (ΔF/ΔF), in a pure C57 Black/6 background. In a sample of 287 pups, we observed no ΔF/ΔF mice (72 expected). Dissection and genotyping of embryos at various stages showed that lethality occurs at gastrulation. Heterozygotes (ΔF/+) have skin pigmentation defects with a white belly spot and hypopigmented tail and paws. ΔF/+ have a transient growth deficit (shown by measuring pup size at P11). The pigmentation deficit is partly reverted by p53 deletion, whereas the lethality is not. ΔF/+ livers have mild accumulation of inactive 80S ribosomal subunits by polysomal profile analysis. In ΔF/+ fibroblasts, protein synthesis response to extracellular and pharmacological stimuli is reduced. These results highlight the role of RACK1 as a ribosomal protein converging signaling to the translational apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Volta
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Beugnet
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Magri
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Brina
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Environmental and Life Science Department (DISAV), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Piera Calamita
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth, Division of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Environmental and Life Science Department (DISAV), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
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Perez-Hernandez D, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Jorge I, López-Martín S, Ursa A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Vázquez J, Yáñez-Mó M. The intracellular interactome of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains reveals their function as sorting machineries toward exosomes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11649-61. [PMID: 23463506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are emerging as a potent mechanism of intercellular communication because they can systemically exchange genetic and protein material between cells. Tetraspanin molecules are commonly used as protein markers of extracellular vesicles, although their role in the unexplored mechanisms of cargo selection into exosomes has not been addressed. For that purpose, we have characterized the intracellular tetraspanin-enriched microdomain (TEM) interactome by high throughput mass spectrometry, in both human lymphoblasts and their derived exosomes, revealing a clear pattern of interaction networks. Proteins interacting with TEM receptors cytoplasmic regions presented a considerable degree of overlap, although some highly specific CD81 tetraspanin ligands, such as Rac GTPase, were detected. Quantitative proteomics showed that TEM ligands account for a great proportion of the exosome proteome and that a selective repertoire of CD81-associated molecules, including Rac, is not correctly routed to exosomes in cells from CD81-deficient animals. Our data provide evidence that insertion into TEM may be necessary for protein inclusion into the exosome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Proteomics, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Maity B, Sheff D, Fisher RA. Immunostaining: detection of signaling protein location in tissues, cells and subcellular compartments. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 113:81-105. [PMID: 23317899 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407239-8.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this protocol is to describe various methodologies used to detect the distribution and localization of specific proteins within individual cells or tissues using immunostaining, defined as the use of specific antibodies to detect a single target protein. Detection of antigens in cultured cells is referred to as immunocytochemistry, whereas their detection in tissues is generally referred to as immunohistochemistry. Both methods involve exposure of fixed cells or tissues to primary antibodies directed against one or more proteins of interest. Bound antibodies are then detected using commercially available secondary antibodies directed against the invariant portion of the primary antibody. Two primary methodologies exist to visualize antigen-antibody complexes: immunofluorescence using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies or chemiluminescence using antibodies coupled to horse-radish peroxidase. This protocol details the steps involved and appropriate use of both methodologies. Immunostaining is used in cell biology to study differential protein expression, localization and distribution at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Myers KC, Davies SM, Shimamura A. Clinical and molecular pathophysiology of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: an update. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 27:117-28, ix. [PMID: 23351992 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an inherited neutropenia syndrome associated with a significant risk of aplastic anemia and malignant transformation. Multiple additional organ systems, including the pancreas, liver, and skeletal and central nervous systems, are affected. Mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene are present in most patients. There is growing evidence that SBDS functions in ribosomal biogenesis and other cellular processes. This article summarizes the clinical phenotype of SDS, diagnostic and treatment approaches, and novel advances in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiani C Myers
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal-recessive marrow failure syndrome with a predisposition to leukemia. SDS patients harbor biallelic mutations in the SBDS gene, resulting in low levels of SBDS protein. Data from nonhuman models demonstrate that the SBDS protein facilitates the release of eIF6, a factor that prevents ribosome joining. The complete abrogation of Sbds expression in these models results in severe cellular and lethal physiologic abnormalities that differ from the human disease phenotype. Because human SDS cells are characterized by partial rather than complete loss of SBDS expression, we interrogated SDS patient cells for defects in ribosomal assembly. SDS patient cells exhibit altered ribosomal profiles and impaired association of the 40S and 60S subunits. Introduction of a wild-type SBDS cDNA into SDS patient cells corrected the ribosomal association defect, while patient-derived SBDS point mutants only partially improved subunit association. Knockdown of eIF6 expression improved ribosomal subunit association but did not correct the hematopoietic defect of SBDS-deficient cells. In summary, we demonstrate an SBDS-dependent ribosome maturation defect in SDS patient cells. The role of ribosomal subunit joining in marrow failure warrants further investigation.
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Kihira S, Yu EJ, Cunningham J, Cram EJ, Lee M. A novel mutation in β integrin reveals an integrin-mediated interaction between the extracellular matrix and cki-1/p27KIP1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42425. [PMID: 22879977 PMCID: PMC3412830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction plays an essential role in maintaining tissue shapes and regulates cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. The mechanism by which the ECM influences the cell cycle in vivo is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the β integrin PAT-3 regulates the localization and expression of CKI-1, a C. elegans homologue of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1). In nematodes expressing wild type PAT-3, CKI-1::GFP localizes primarily to nucleoli in hypodermal cells, whereas in animals expressing mutant pat-3 with a defective splice junction, CKI-1::GFP appears clumped and disorganized in nucleoplasm. RNAi analysis links cell adhesion genes to the regulation of CKI-1. RNAi of unc-52/perlecan, ina-1/α integrin, pat-4/ILK, and unc-97/PINCH resulted in abnormal CKI-1::GFP localization. Additional RNAi experiments revealed that the SCF E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex genes, skpt-1/SKP2, cul-1/CUL1 and lin-23/F-box, are required for the proper localization and expression of CKI-1, suggesting that integrin signaling and SCF E3 ligase work together to regulate the cellular distribution of CKI-1. These data also suggest that integrin plays a major role in maintaining proper CKI-1/p27(KIP1) levels in the cell. Perturbed integrin signaling may lead to the inhibition of SCF ligase activity, mislocalization and elevation of CKI-1/p27(KIP1). These results suggest that adhesion signaling is crucial for cell cycle regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kihira
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eun Jeong Yu
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myeongwoo Lee
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
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Okamoto M. Immunoreactivity of the amino-terminal portion of the amyloid-beta precursor protein in the nucleolus. Neurosci Lett 2012; 521:82-7. [PMID: 22659497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The functioning and metabolic pathway of the amyloid β-precursor protein (APP) have not been fully elucidated. To fill this research gap, this study immunocytochemically investigated the intracellular localization of APP in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH and in normal primary cells. Using antibodies against the amino-terminal portion of the APP molecule, immunoreactivity was detected not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus and nucleolus. Further analysis revealed the co-localization of amino acids 44-63 of the APP molecule with fibrillarin, a nucleolus marker. These findings indicate that a fraction of APP, including its amino-terminal portion, may be localized in the nucleus as well as in the nucleolus, suggesting an important role of APP in RNA metabolism and other intra-nucleolus functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Okamoto
- Research and Development Administration Department, Toagosei Co., Ltd., 1-14-1, Nishisinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8419, Japan.
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Benelli D, Cialfi S, Pinzaglia M, Talora C, Londei P. The translation factor eIF6 is a Notch-dependent regulator of cell migration and invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32047. [PMID: 22348144 PMCID: PMC3279413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that protein factors controlling translation play an important role in tumorigenesis. The protein known as eIF6 is a ribosome anti-association factor that has been implicated in translational initiation and in ribosome synthesis. Over-expression of eIF6 is observed in many natural tumours, and causes developmental and differentiation defects in certain animal models. Here we show that the transcription of the gene encoding eIF6 is modulated by the receptor Notch-1, a protein involved in embryonic development and cell differentiation, as well as in many neoplasms. Inhibition of Notch-1 signalling by γ-secretase inhibitors slowed down cell-cycle progression and reduced the amount of eIF6 in lymphoblastoid and ovarian cancer cell lines. Cultured ovarian cancer cell lines engineered to stably over-expressing eIF6 did not show significant changes in proliferation rate, but displayed an enhanced motility and invasive capacity. Inhibition of Notch-1 signalling in the cells over-expressing eIF6 was effective in slowing down the cell cycle, but did not reduce cell migration and invasion. On the whole, the results suggest that eIF6 is one of the downstream effectors of Notch-1 in the pathway that controls cell motility and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Benelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Pinzaglia
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Londei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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