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Gale J, Aizenman E. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of copper in the nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3505-3543. [PMID: 38747014 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a critical trace element in biological systems due the vast number of essential enzymes that require the metal as a cofactor, including cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Due its key role in oxidative metabolism, antioxidant defence and neurotransmitter synthesis, copper is particularly important for neuronal development and proper neuronal function. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that copper also serves important functions in synaptic and network activity, the regulation of circadian rhythms, and arousal. However, it is important to note that because of copper's ability to redox cycle and generate reactive species, cellular levels of the metal must be tightly regulated to meet cellular needs while avoiding copper-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential that the intricate system of copper transporters, exporters, copper chaperones and copper trafficking proteins function properly and in coordinate fashion. Indeed, disorders of copper metabolism such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, as well as diseases linked to dysfunction of copper-requiring enzymes, such as SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrate the dramatic neurological consequences of altered copper homeostasis. In this review, we explore the physiological importance of copper in the nervous system as well as pathologies related to improper copper handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Gale
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Brockmöller S, Worek F, Rothmiller S. Protein networking: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their protein-protein-associations. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1627-1642. [PMID: 38771378 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are complex transmembrane proteins involved in neurotransmission in the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction. nAChR disorders may lead to severe, potentially fatal pathophysiological states. To date, the receptor has been the focus of basic and applied research to provide novel therapeutic interventions. Since most studies have investigated only the nAChR itself, it is necessary to consider the receptor as part of its protein network to understand or elucidate-specific pathways. On its way through the secretory pathway, the receptor interacts with several chaperones and proteins. This review takes a closer look at these molecular interactions and focuses especially on endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis, secretory pathway sorting, Golgi maturation, plasma membrane presentation, retrograde internalization, and recycling. Additional knowledge regarding the nAChR protein network may lead to a more detailed comprehension of the fundamental pathomechanisms of diseases or may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Brockmöller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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3
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Hollingsworth LR, Veeraraghavan P, Paulo JA, Harper JW, Rauch I. Spatiotemporal proteomic profiling of cellular responses to NLRP3 agonists. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590338. [PMID: 38659763 PMCID: PMC11042255 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is an innate immune sensor that forms an inflammasome in response to various cellular stressors. Gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 cause autoinflammatory diseases and NLRP3 signalling itself exacerbates the pathogenesis of many other human diseases. Despite considerable therapeutic interest, the primary drivers of NLRP3 activation remain controversial due to the diverse array of signals that are integrated through NLRP3. Here, we mapped subcellular proteome changes to lysosomes, mitochondrion, EEA1-positive endosomes, and Golgi caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome agonists nigericin and CL097. We identified several common disruptions to retrograde trafficking pathways, including COPI and Shiga toxin-related transport, in line with recent studies. We further characterized mouse NLRP3 trafficking throughout its activation using temporal proximity proteomics, which supports a recent model of NLRP3 recruitment to endosomes during inflammasome activation. Collectively, these findings provide additional granularity to our understanding of the molecular events driving NLRP3 activation and serve as a valuable resource for cell biological research. We have made our proteomics data accessible through an open-access Shiny browser to facilitate future research within the community, available at: https://harperlab.connect.hms.harvard.edu/inflame/. We will display anonymous peer review for this manuscript on pubpub.org (https://harperlab.pubpub.org/pub/nlrp3/) rather than a traditional journal. Moreover, we invite community feedback on the pubpub version of this manuscript, and we will address criticisms accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Robert Hollingsworth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University
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Machin DC, Williamson DJ, Fisher P, Miller VJ, Arnott ZLP, Stevenson CME, Wildsmith GC, Ross JF, Wasson CW, Macdonald A, Andrews BI, Ungar D, Turnbull WB, Webb ME. Sortase-Modified Cholera Toxoids Show Specific Golgi Localization. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:194. [PMID: 38668619 PMCID: PMC11054894 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxoid is an established tool for use in cellular tracing in neuroscience and cell biology. We use a sortase labeling approach to generate site-specific N-terminally modified variants of both the A2-B5 heterohexamer and B5 pentamer forms of the toxoid. Both forms of the toxoid are endocytosed by GM1-positive mammalian cells, and while the heterohexameric toxoid was principally localized in the ER, the B5 pentamer showed an unexpectedly specific localization in the medial/trans-Golgi. This study suggests a future role for specifically labeled cholera toxoids in live-cell imaging beyond their current applications in neuronal tracing and labeling of lipid rafts in fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C. Machin
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Daniel J. Williamson
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Zoe L. P. Arnott
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Charlotte M. E. Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Gemma C. Wildsmith
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - James F. Ross
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Christopher W. Wasson
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (A.M.)
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (A.M.)
| | - Benjamin I. Andrews
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
| | - Michael E. Webb
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.M.)
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Tan WS, Rong E, Dry I, Lillico S, Law A, Digard P, Whitelaw B, Dalziel RG. Validation of Candidate Host Cell Entry Factors for Bovine Herpes Virus Type-1 Based on a Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screen. Viruses 2024; 16:297. [PMID: 38400072 PMCID: PMC10893506 DOI: 10.3390/v16020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify host factors that affect Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1) infection we previously applied a genome wide CRISPR knockout screen targeting all bovine protein coding genes. By doing so we compiled a list of both pro-viral and anti-viral proteins involved in BoHV-1 replication. Here we provide further analysis of those that are potentially involved in viral entry into the host cell. We first generated single cell knockout clones deficient in some of the candidate genes for validation. We provide evidence that Polio Virus Receptor-related protein (PVRL2) serves as a receptor for BoHV-1, mediating more efficient entry than the previously identified Polio Virus Receptor (PVR). By knocking out two enzymes that catalyze HSPG chain elongation, HST2ST1 and GLCE, we further demonstrate the significance of HSPG in BoHV-1 entry. Another intriguing cluster of candidate genes, COG1, COG2 and COG4-7 encode six subunits of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. MDBK cells lacking COG6 produced fewer but bigger plaques compared to control cells, suggesting more efficient release of newly produced virions from these COG6 knockout cells, due to impaired HSPG biosynthesis. We further observed that viruses produced by the COG6 knockout cells consist of protein(s) with reduced N-glycosylation, potentially explaining their lower infectivity. To facilitate candidate validation, we also detailed a one-step multiplex CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system, an orthogonal method to KO that enables quick and simultaneous deployment of three CRISPRs for efficient gene inactivation. Using CRISPR3i, we verified eight candidates that have been implicated in the synthesis of surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). In summary, our experiments confirmed the two receptors PVR and PVRL2 for BoHV-1 entry into the host cell and other factors that affect this process, likely through the direct or indirect roles they play during HSPG synthesis and glycosylation of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Spring Tan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Enguang Rong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Inga Dry
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Simon Lillico
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - Andy Law
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Paul Digard
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Robert G. Dalziel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
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Zobaroğlu-Özer P, Bora-Akoğlu G. Split but merge: Golgi fragmentation in physiological and pathological conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:214. [PMID: 38280063 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a highly dynamic and tightly regulated cellular organelle with essential roles in the processing as well as the sorting of proteins and lipids. Its structure undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during normal physiological processes, including cell division, migration, polarization, differentiation, and cell death. Golgi dispersal or fragmentation also occurs in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, congenital disorders of glycosylation diseases, and cancer. In this review, current knowledge about both structural organization and morphological alterations in the Golgi in physiological and pathological conditions is summarized together with the methodologies that help to reveal its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Zobaroğlu-Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Gamze Bora-Akoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Marsilia C, Batra M, Pokrovskaya ID, Wang C, Chaput D, Naumova DA, Lupashin VV, Suvorova ES. Essential role of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex in Toxoplasma gondii. mBio 2023; 14:e0251323. [PMID: 37966241 PMCID: PMC10746232 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02513-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Golgi is an essential eukaryotic organelle and a major place for protein sorting and glycosylation. Among apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii retains the most developed Golgi structure and produces many glycosylated factors necessary for parasite survival. Despite its importance, Golgi function received little attention in the past. In the current study, we identified and characterized the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex and its novel partners critical for protein transport in T. gondii tachyzoites. Our results suggest that T. gondii broadened the role of the conserved elements and reinvented the missing components of the trafficking machinery to accommodate the specific needs of the opportunistic parasite T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clem Marsilia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mrinalini Batra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Changqi Wang
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Proteomics Core, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daria A. Naumova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elena S. Suvorova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Bortoletto E, Pieretti F, Brun P, Venier P, Leonardi A, Rosani U. Meta-Analysis of Keratoconus Transcriptomic Data Revealed Altered RNA Editing Levels Impacting Keratin Genomic Clusters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:12. [PMID: 37279397 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.7.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keratoconus (KC) is an ocular disorder with a multifactorial origin. Transcriptomic analyses (RNA-seq) revealed deregulations of coding (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in KC, suggesting that mRNA-ncRNA co-regulations can promote the onset of KC. The present study investigates the modulation of RNA editing mediated by the adenosine deaminase acting on dsRNA (ADAR) enzyme in KC. Materials The level of ADAR-mediated RNA editing in KC and healthy corneas were determined by two indexes in two different sequencing datasets. REDIportal was used to localize known editing sites, whereas new putative sites were de novo identified in the most extended dataset only and their possible impact was evaluated. Western Blot analysis was used to measure the level of ADAR1 in the cornea from independent samples. Results KC was characterized by a statistically significant lower RNA-editing level compared to controls, resulting in a lower editing frequency, and less edited bases. The distribution of the editing sites along the human genome showed considerable differences between groups, particularly relevant in the chromosome 12 regions encoding for Keratin type II cluster. A total of 32 recoding sites were characterized, 17 representing novel sites. JUP, KRT17, KRT76, and KRT79 were edited with higher frequencies in KC than in controls, whereas BLCAP, COG3, KRT1, KRT75, and RRNAD1 were less edited. Both gene expression and protein levels of ADAR1 appeared not regulated between diseased and controls. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated an altered RNA-editing in KC possibly linked to the peculiar cellular conditions. The functional implications should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Pieretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Essletzbichler P, Sedlyarov V, Frommelt F, Soulat D, Heinz LX, Stefanovic A, Neumayer B, Superti-Furga G. A genome-wide CRISPR functional survey of the human phagocytosis molecular machinery. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201715. [PMID: 36725334 PMCID: PMC9892931 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the process by which cells engulf large particles, plays a vital role in driving tissue clearance and host defense. Its dysregulation is connected to autoimmunity, toxic accumulation of proteins, and increased risks for infections. Despite its importance, we lack full understanding of all molecular components involved in the process. To create a functional map in human cells, we performed a genome-wide CRISPRko FACS screen that identified 716 genes. Mapping those hits to a comprehensive protein-protein interaction network annotated for functional cellular processes allowed retrieval of protein complexes identified multiple times and detection of missing phagocytosis regulators. In addition to known components, such as the Arp2/3 complex, the vacuolar-ATPase-Rag machinery, and the Wave-2 complex, we identified and validated new phagocytosis-relevant functions, including the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (MAGT1/SLC58A1, DDOST, STT3B, and RPN2) and the hypusine pathway (eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH). Overall, our phagocytosis network comprises elements of cargo uptake, shuffling, and biotransformation through the cell, providing a resource for the identification of potential novel drivers for diseases of the endo-lysosomal system. Our approach of integrating protein-protein interaction offers a broadly applicable way to functionally interpret genome-wide screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Essletzbichler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Didier Soulat
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrijana Stefanovic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Neumayer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sumya FT, Pokrovskaya ID, D'Souza Z, Lupashin VV. Acute COG complex inactivation unveiled its immediate impact on Golgi and illuminated the nature of intra-Golgi recycling vesicles. Traffic 2023; 24:52-75. [PMID: 36468177 PMCID: PMC9969905 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls Golgi trafficking and glycosylation, but the precise COG mechanism is unknown. The auxin-inducible acute degradation system was employed to investigate initial defects resulting from COG dysfunction. We found that acute COG inactivation caused a massive accumulation of COG-dependent (CCD) vesicles that carry the bulk of Golgi enzymes and resident proteins. v-SNAREs (GS15, GS28) and v-tethers (giantin, golgin84, and TMF1) were relocalized into CCD vesicles, while t-SNAREs (STX5, YKT6), t-tethers (GM130, p115), and most of Rab proteins remained Golgi-associated. Airyscan microscopy and velocity gradient analysis revealed that different Golgi residents are segregated into different populations of CCD vesicles. Acute COG depletion significantly affected three Golgi-based vesicular coats-COPI, AP1, and GGA, suggesting that COG uniquely orchestrates tethering of multiple types of intra-Golgi CCD vesicles produced by different coat machineries. This study provided the first detailed view of primary cellular defects associated with COG dysfunction in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Taher Sumya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
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11
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Ghoshouni H, Sarmadian R, Irilouzadian R, Biglari HN, Gilani A. A Rare Case of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Associated With a Mutation on COG8 Gene. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2023; 11:23247096231168109. [PMID: 37083278 PMCID: PMC10126670 DOI: 10.1177/23247096231168109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare hereditary disease described by a mutation in the CYP27A1 gene, which encodes the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme involved in the synthesis of bile acid. Accumulation of cholesterol and its metabolite, cholestanol, in multiple body organs causes the symptoms of this disease. In addition, a mutation in the COG8 gene, which encodes a subunit of conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, causes another rare disorder attributed to type IIh of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). We described a rare case of CTX disorder associated with a mutation on COG8 gene, which presented by unusual symptoms.
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12
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Sumya FT, Pokrovskaya ID, Lupashin VV. Rapid COG Depletion in Mammalian Cell by Auxin-Inducible Degradation System. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2557:365-390. [PMID: 36512227 PMCID: PMC10019459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex orchestrates intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking and glycosylation of macromolecules, but the detailed mechanism of COG action is unknown. Previous studies employed prolonged protein knockout and knockdown approaches which may potentially generate off-target and indirect mutant phenotypes. To achieve a fast depletion of COG subunits in human cells, the auxin-inducible degradation system was employed. This method of protein regulation allows a very fast and efficient depletion of COG subunits, which provides the ability to accumulate COG complex dependent (CCD) vesicles and investigate initial cellular defects associated with the acute depletion of COG complex subunits. This protocol is applicable to other vesicle tethering complexes and can be utilized to investigate anterograde and retrograde intracellular membrane trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Taher Sumya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Modeling N-Glycosylation: A Systems Biology Approach for Evaluating Changes in the Steady-State Organization of Golgi-Resident Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:663-690. [PMID: 36512244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organization of Golgi-resident proteins is crucial for sorting molecules within the secretory pathway and regulating posttranslational modifications. However, evaluating changes to Golgi organization can be challenging, often requiring extensive experimental investigations. Here, we propose a systems biology approach in which changes to Golgi-resident protein sorting and localization can be deduced using cellular N-glycan profiles as the only experimental input.The approach detailed here utilizes the influence of Golgi organization on N-glycan biosynthesis to investigate the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining Golgi organization. While N-glycosylation is carried out in a non-template-driven manner, the distribution of N-glycan biosynthetic enzymes within the Golgi ensures this process is not completely random. Therefore, changes to N-glycan profiles provide clues into how altered cell phenotypes affect the sorting and localization of Golgi-resident proteins. Here, we generate a stochastic simulation of N-glycan biosynthesis to produce a simulated glycan profile similar to that obtained experimentally and then combine this with Bayesian fitting to enable inference of changes in enzyme amounts and localizations. Alterations to Golgi organization are evaluated by calculating how the fitted enzyme parameters shift when moving from simulating the glycan profile of one cellular state (e.g., a wild type) to an altered cellular state (e.g., a mutant). Our approach illustrates how an iterative combination of mathematical systems biology and minimal experimental cell biology can be utilized to maximally integrate biological knowledge to gain insightful knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in a manner inaccessible to either alone.
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14
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Park SY, Muschalik N, Chadwick J, Munro S. In vivo characterization of Drosophila golgins reveals redundancy and plasticity of vesicle capture at the Golgi apparatus. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4549-4564.e6. [PMID: 36103876 PMCID: PMC9849145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi is the central sorting station in the secretory pathway and thus the destination of transport vesicles arriving from the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes and from within the Golgi itself. Cell viability, therefore, requires that the Golgi accurately receives multiple classes of vesicle. One set of proteins proposed to direct vesicle arrival at the Golgi are the golgins, long coiled-coil proteins localized to specific parts of the Golgi stack. In mammalian cells, three of the golgins, TMF, golgin-84, and GMAP-210, can capture intra-Golgi transport vesicles when placed in an ectopic location. However, the individual golgins are not required for cell viability, and mouse knockout mutants only have defects in specific tissues. To further illuminate this system, we examine the Drosophila orthologs of these three intra-Golgi golgins. We show that ectopic forms can capture intra-Golgi transport vesicles, but strikingly, the cargo present in the vesicles captured by each golgin varies between tissues. Loss-of-function mutants show that the golgins are individually dispensable, although the loss of TMF recapitulates the male fertility defects observed in mice. However, the deletion of multiple golgins results in defects in glycosylation and loss of viability. Examining the vesicles captured by a particular golgin when another golgin is missing reveals that the vesicle content in one tissue changes to resemble that of a different tissue. This reveals a plasticity in Golgi organization between tissues, providing an explanation for why the Golgi is sufficiently robust to tolerate the loss of many of the individual components of its membrane traffic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yun Park
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessica Chadwick
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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15
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Plooster M, Brennwald P, Gupton SL. Endosomal trafficking in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Koruga N, Pušeljić S, Tomac V, Soldo Koruga A, Marjanac I, Biljan B, Šantić K, Lenz I, Pušeljić N. Severe Cranio-Cervical Stenosis in a Child with Saul-Wilson Syndrome: A Case Report. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9040532. [PMID: 35455576 PMCID: PMC9031859 DOI: 10.3390/children9040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Saul Wilson syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a variety of symptoms, mostly skeletal changes. Saul and Wilson were the first to describe children with extremely short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism. Case report: We present a case of a 15-years-old boy with clinical and radiological characteristics of SWS. Genetic examination identified a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the COG4 gene. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a critical stenosis of the cranio-cervical junction (CCJ) which required surgical treatment to attempt sufficient neurological decompression. The patient underwent decompression of CCJ under general anesthesia. There was no significant radiological and clinical improvement during the postoperative period. Conclusions: SWS is presented as an extremely rare congenital disease in children. The clinical condition of our patient confined surgical possibilities, therefore further treatment in such patients should be appropriately evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Koruga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvija Pušeljić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Višnja Tomac
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Soldo Koruga
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Marjanac
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borna Biljan
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Šantić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Lenz
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nora Pušeljić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.K.); (I.M.); (B.B.); (K.Š.); (I.L.); (N.P.)
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Ma X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Tan L, Jiang L, Zhu JK, Li L. MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849532. [PMID: 35371137 PMCID: PMC8966843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the mag2 mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the mal-1 mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in mag2-1 mal-1 were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants and mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengbiao Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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18
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Maintaining Golgi Homeostasis: A Balancing Act of Two Proteolytic Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050780. [PMID: 35269404 PMCID: PMC8909885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central hub for cellular protein trafficking and signaling. Golgi structure and function is tightly coupled and undergoes dynamic changes in health and disease. A crucial requirement for maintaining Golgi homeostasis is the ability of the Golgi to target aberrant, misfolded, or otherwise unwanted proteins to degradation. Recent studies have revealed that the Golgi apparatus may degrade such proteins through autophagy, retrograde trafficking to the ER for ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and locally, through Golgi apparatus-related degradation (GARD). Here, we review recent discoveries in these mechanisms, highlighting the role of the Golgi in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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19
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West B, Wood AJ, Ungar D. Computational Modeling of Glycan Processing in the Golgi for Investigating Changes in the Arrangements of Biosynthetic Enzymes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:209-222. [PMID: 34611871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modeling glycan biosynthesis is becoming increasingly important due to the far-reaching implications that glycosylation can exhibit, from pathologies to biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here we describe a stochastic simulation approach, to overcome the deterministic nature of previous models, that aims to simulate the action of glycan modifying enzymes to produce a glycan profile. This is then coupled with an approximate Bayesian computation methodology to systematically fit to empirical data in order to determine which set of parameters adequately describes the organization of enzymes within the Golgi. The model is described in detail along with a proof of concept and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben West
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - A Jamie Wood
- Departments of Biology and Mathematics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
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20
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Larsen K, Heide-Jørgensen MP. Conservation of A-to-I RNA editing in bowhead whale and pig. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260081. [PMID: 34882682 PMCID: PMC8659423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process in which nucleotide changes are introduced into an RNA sequence, many of which can contribute to proteomic sequence variation. The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes. A-to-I editing at 'recoding' sites results in non-synonymous substitutions in protein-coding sequences. Here, we present studies of the conservation of A-to-I editing in selected mRNAs between pigs, bowhead whales, humans and two shark species. All examined mRNAs-NEIL1, COG3, GRIA2, FLNA, FLNB, IGFBP7, AZIN1, BLCAP, GLI1, SON, HTR2C and ADAR2 -showed conservation of A-to-I editing of recoding sites. In addition, novel editing sites were identified in NEIL1 and GLI1 in bowhead whales. The A-to-I editing site of human NEIL1 in position 242 was conserved in the bowhead and porcine homologues. A novel editing site was discovered in Tyr244. Differential editing was detected at the two adenosines in the NEIL1 242 codon in both pig and bowhead NEIL1 mRNAs in various tissues and organs. No conservation of editing of KCNB1 and EEF1A mRNAs was seen in bowhead whales. In silico analyses revealed conservation of five adenosines in ADAR2, some of which are subject to A-to-I editing in bowheads and pigs, and conservation of a regulatory sequence in GRIA2 mRNA that is responsible for recognition of the ADAR editing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
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22
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Xia ZJ, Zeng XXI, Tambe M, Ng BG, Dong PDS, Freeze HH. A Dominant Heterozygous Mutation in COG4 Causes Saul-Wilson Syndrome, a Primordial Dwarfism, and Disrupts Zebrafish Development via Wnt Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720688. [PMID: 34595172 PMCID: PMC8476873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saul-Wilson syndrome (SWS) is a rare, skeletal dysplasia with progeroid appearance and primordial dwarfism. It is caused by a heterozygous, dominant variant (p.G516R) in COG4, a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex involved in intracellular vesicular transport. Our previous work has shown the intracellular disturbances caused by this mutation; however, the pathological mechanism of SWS needs further investigation. We sought to understand the molecular mechanism of specific aspects of the SWS phenotype by analyzing SWS-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish embryos expressing this dominant variant. SWS fibroblasts accumulate glypicans, a group of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critical for growth and bone development through multiple signaling pathways. Consistently, we find that glypicans are increased in zebrafish embryos expressing the COG4 p.G516R variant. These animals show phenotypes consistent with convergent extension (CE) defects during gastrulation, shortened body length, and malformed jaw cartilage chondrocyte intercalation at larval stages. Since non-canonical Wnt signaling was shown in zebrafish to be related to the regulation of these processes by glypican 4, we assessed wnt levels and found a selective increase of wnt4 transcripts in the presence of COG4 p.G516R . Moreover, overexpression of wnt4 mRNA phenocopies these developmental defects. LGK974, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, corrects the shortened body length at low concentrations but amplifies it at slightly higher concentrations. WNT4 and the non-canonical Wnt signaling component phospho-JNK are also elevated in cultured SWS-derived fibroblasts. Similar results from SWS cell lines and zebrafish point to altered non-canonical Wnt signaling as one possible mechanism underlying SWS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Xia
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xin-Xin I Zeng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mitali Tambe
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bobby G Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - P Duc S Dong
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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23
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Abnormal Expression and Prognosis Value of COG Complex Members in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4570235. [PMID: 34539936 PMCID: PMC8443394 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4570235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive subtype of kidney tumours with poor prognosis as well as the increasing incidence rate in worldwide. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an eight-subunit (Cog1-8) peripheral Golgi protein that controls membrane trafficking and protein glycosylation and plays vital roles in human disease including cancers. Therefore, to uncover the prognostic value of COG complex in KIRC, a series of databases, including UALCAN database, GEPIA database, and Kaplan-Meier plotter, were used to analyse the mRNA expression of COG complex subunits and their prognostic values in patients with KIRC in this study. Compared with normal counterparts, mRNA expression of six COG complex subunits was significantly downregulated in KIRC tissue in UALCAN database, while COG4 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in KIRC tissue. Moreover, the survival analysis indicated that all members of COG complex subunits were closely related with the prognosis of KIRC patients, while COG1 and COG4 were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS), the rest of COG complex subunits were importantly correlated with favourable OS. Simultaneously, higher mRNA expression of COG3, COG6, and COG8 exhibits better progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in KIRC patients. These results identified that COG complex subunits, especially COG3, COG6, and COG8, are potential prognostic biomarkers of KIRC patients and may offer effective and new strategies for more accurately diagnosing the patients with KIRC in advance.
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24
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Klink VP, Darwish O, Alkharouf NW, Lawaju BR, Khatri R, Lawrence KS. Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex genes functioning in defense are expressed in root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic infection and exhibit regulation my MAPKs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256472. [PMID: 34437620 PMCID: PMC8389442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex maintains correct Golgi structure and function during retrograde trafficking. Glycine max has 2 paralogs of each COG gene, with one paralog of each gene family having a defense function to the parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. Experiments presented here show G. max COG paralogs functioning in defense are expressed specifically in the root cells (syncytia) undergoing the defense response. The expressed defense COG gene COG7-2-b is an alternate splice variant, indicating specific COG variants are important to defense. Transcriptomic experiments examining RNA isolated from COG overexpressing and RNAi roots show some COG genes co-regulate the expression of other COG complex genes. Examining signaling events responsible for COG expression, transcriptomic experiments probing MAPK overexpressing roots show their expression influences the relative transcript abundance of COG genes as compared to controls. COG complex paralogs are shown to be found in plants that are agriculturally relevant on a world-wide scale including Manihot esculenta, Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Brassica rapa, Elaes guineensis and Saccharum officinalis and in additional crops significant to U.S. agriculture including Beta vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum and Gossypium hirsutum. The analyses provide basic information on COG complex biology, including the coregulation of some COG genes and that MAPKs functioning in defense influence their expression. Furthermore, it appears in G. max and likely other crops that some level of neofunctionalization of the duplicated genes is occurring. The analysis has identified important avenues for future research broadly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- USDA ARS NEA BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Mathematics Computer Science, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States of America
| | - Bisho R. Lawaju
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rishi Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, United States of America
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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25
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The Close Relationship between the Golgi Trafficking Machinery and Protein Glycosylation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122652. [PMID: 33321764 PMCID: PMC7764369 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins; it mediates their correct folding and stability, as well as their transport through the secretory transport. Changes in N- and O-linked glycans have been associated with multiple pathological conditions including congenital disorders of glycosylation, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Glycoprotein glycosylation at the Golgi involves the coordinated action of hundreds of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which are maintained at the correct location through retrograde vesicle trafficking between Golgi cisternae. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery involved in vesicle trafficking and tethering at the Golgi apparatus and the effects of mutations in the context of glycan biosynthesis and human diseases.
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26
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Ferrer A, Starosta RT, Ranatunga W, Ungar D, Kozicz T, Klee E, Rust LM, Wick M, Morava E. Fetal glycosylation defect due to ALG3 and COG5 variants detected via amniocentesis: Complex glycosylation defect with embryonic lethal phenotype. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:424-429. [PMID: 33187827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inborn errors of glycan metabolism with high clinical variability. Only a few antenatal cases have been described with CDG. Due to a lack of reliable biomarker, prenatal CDG diagnostics relies primarily on molecular studies. In the presence of variants of uncertain significance prenatal glycosylation studies are very challenging. CASE REPORT A consanguineous couple had a history of second-trimester fetal demise with tetralogy of Fallot and skeletal dysplasia. In the consecutive pregnancy, the second trimester ultrasonography showed skeletal dysplasia, vermian hypoplasia, congenital heart defects, omphalocele and dysmorphic features. Prenatal chromosomal microarray revealed a large region of loss of heterozygosity. Demise occurred at 30 weeks. Fetal whole exome sequencing showed a novel homozygous likely pathogenic variant in ALG3 and a variant of uncertain significance in COG5. METHODS Western blot was used to quantify ALG3, COG5, COG6, and the glycosylation markers ICAM-1 and LAMP2. RT-qPCR was used for ALG3 and COG5 expression in cultured amniocytes and compared to age matched controls. RESULTS ALG3 and COG5 mRNA levels were normal. ICAM-1, LAMP2, ALG3 and COG5 levels were decreased in cultured amniocytes, suggesting the possible involvement of both genes in the complex phenotype. CONCLUSION This is the first case of successful use of glycosylated biomarkers in amniocytes, providing further options of functional antenatal testing in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ferrer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dani Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Rust
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Myra Wick
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Golgi-Dependent Copper Homeostasis Sustains Synaptic Development and Mitochondrial Content. J Neurosci 2020; 41:215-233. [PMID: 33208468 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1284-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases preponderantly affect the nervous system causing neurodegeneration to neurodevelopmental disorders. This is the case for both Menkes and Wilson disease, arising from mutations in ATP7A and ATP7B, respectively. The ATP7A and ATP7B proteins localize to the Golgi and regulate copper homeostasis. We demonstrate genetic and biochemical interactions between ATP7 paralogs with the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a Golgi apparatus vesicular tether. Disruption of Drosophila copper homeostasis by ATP7 tissue-specific transgenic expression caused alterations in epidermis, aminergic, sensory, and motor neurons. Prominent among neuronal phenotypes was a decreased mitochondrial content at synapses, a phenotype that paralleled with alterations of synaptic morphology, transmission, and plasticity. These neuronal and synaptic phenotypes caused by transgenic expression of ATP7 were rescued by downregulation of COG complex subunits. We conclude that the integrity of Golgi-dependent copper homeostasis mechanisms, requiring ATP7 and COG, are necessary to maintain mitochondria functional integrity and localization to synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Menkes and Wilson disease affect copper homeostasis and characteristically afflict the nervous system. However, their molecular neuropathology mechanisms remain mostly unexplored. We demonstrate that copper homeostasis in neurons is maintained by two factors that localize to the Golgi apparatus, ATP7 and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. Disruption of these mechanisms affect mitochondrial function and localization to synapses as well as neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest communication between the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria through homeostatically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities in both organelles.
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Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Importance of the Heparan Sulfate Pathway and the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex for Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Uptake and Sindbis Virus Infection. mSphere 2020; 5:5/6/e00914-20. [PMID: 33177215 PMCID: PMC7657590 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00914-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When facing a viral infection, the organism has to put in place a number of defense mechanisms in order to clear the pathogen from the cell. At the early phase of this preparation for fighting against the invader, the innate immune response is triggered by the sensing of danger signals. Among those molecular cues, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a very potent inducer of different reactions at the cellular level that can ultimately lead to cell death. Using a genome-wide screening approach, we set to identify genes involved in dsRNA entry, sensing, and apoptosis induction in human cells. This allowed us to determine that the heparan sulfate pathway and the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex are key determinants allowing entry of both dsRNA and viral nucleic acid leading to cell death. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the hallmark of many viral infections. dsRNA is produced either by RNA viruses during replication or by DNA viruses upon convergent transcription. Synthetic dsRNA is also able to mimic viral-induced activation of innate immune response and cell death. In this study, we employed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen based on cell survival in order to identify genes implicated in the host response to dsRNA. By challenging HCT116 human cells with either synthetic dsRNA or Sindbis virus (SINV), we identified the heparan sulfate (HS) pathway as a crucial factor for dsRNA entry, and we validated SINV dependency on HS. Interestingly, we uncovered a novel role for COG4, a component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, as a factor involved in cell survival to both dsRNA and SINV in human cells. We showed that COG4 knockout led to a decrease of extracellular HS that specifically affected dsRNA transfection efficiency and reduced viral production, which explains the increased cell survival of these mutants. IMPORTANCE When facing a viral infection, the organism has to put in place a number of defense mechanisms in order to clear the pathogen from the cell. At the early phase of this preparation for fighting against the invader, the innate immune response is triggered by the sensing of danger signals. Among those molecular cues, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a very potent inducer of different reactions at the cellular level that can ultimately lead to cell death. Using a genome-wide screening approach, we set to identify genes involved in dsRNA entry, sensing, and apoptosis induction in human cells. This allowed us to determine that the heparan sulfate pathway and the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex are key determinants allowing entry of both dsRNA and viral nucleic acid leading to cell death.
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D'Souza Z, Taher FS, Lupashin VV. Golgi inCOGnito: From vesicle tethering to human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129694. [PMID: 32730773 PMCID: PMC7384418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multi-subunit vesicle tethering complex of the CATCHR (Complexes Associated with Tethering Containing Helical Rods) family, controls several aspects of cellular homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle traffic within the Golgi. The COG complex interacts with all key players regulating intra-Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE-interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, and vesicular coats. In cells, COG deficiencies result in the accumulation of non-tethered COG-complex dependent (CCD) vesicles, dramatic morphological and functional abnormalities of the Golgi and endosomes, severe defects in N- and O- glycosylation, Golgi retrograde trafficking, sorting and protein secretion. In humans, COG mutations lead to severe multi-systemic diseases known as COG-Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (COG-CDG). In this report, we review the current knowledge of the COG complex and analyze COG-related trafficking and glycosylation defects in COG-CDG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Farhana S Taher
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Ueda S, Tamura N, Mima J. Membrane Tethering Potency of Rab-Family Small GTPases Is Defined by the C-Terminal Hypervariable Regions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577342. [PMID: 33102484 PMCID: PMC7554592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane tethering is a crucial step to determine the spatiotemporal specificity of secretory and endocytic trafficking pathways in all eukaryotic endomembrane systems. Recent biochemical studies by a chemically-defined reconstitution approach reveal that, in addition to the structurally-diverse classic tethering factors such as coiled-coil tethering proteins and multisubunit tethering complexes, Rab-family small GTPases also retain the inherent membrane tethering functions to directly and physically bridge two distinct lipid bilayers by themselves. Although Rab-mediated membrane tethering reactions are fairly efficient and specific in the physiological context, its mechanistic basis is yet to be understood. Here, to explore whether and how the intrinsic tethering potency of Rab GTPases is controlled by their C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) domains that link the conserved small GTPase domains (G-domains) to membrane anchors at the C-terminus, we quantitatively compared tethering activities of two representative Rab isoforms in humans (Rab5a, Rab4a) and their HVR-deleted mutant forms. Strikingly, deletion of the HVR linker domains enabled both Rab5a and Rab4a isoforms to enhance their intrinsic tethering potency, exhibiting 5- to 50-fold higher initial velocities of tethering for the HVR-deleted mutants than those for the full-length, wild-type Rabs. Furthermore, we revealed that the tethering activity of full-length Rab5a was significantly reduced by the omission of anionic lipids and cholesterol from membrane lipids and, however, membrane tethering driven by HVR-deleted Rab5a mutant was completely insensitive to the headgroup composition of lipids. Reconstituted membrane tethering assays with the C-terminally-truncated mutants of Rab4a further uncovered that the N-terminal residues in the HVR linker, located adjacent to the G-domain, are critical for regulating the intrinsic tethering activity. In conclusion, our current findings establish that the non-conserved, flexible C-terminal HVR linker domains define membrane tethering potency of Rab-family small GTPases through controlling the close attachment of the globular G-domains to membrane surfaces, which confers the active tethering-competent state of the G-domains on lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ueda
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Tamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Joji Mima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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31
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Babazadeh R, Ahmadpour D, Jia S, Hao X, Widlund P, Schneider K, Eisele F, Edo LD, Smits GJ, Liu B, Nystrom T. Syntaxin 5 Is Required for the Formation and Clearance of Protein Inclusions during Proteostatic Stress. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2096-2110.e8. [PMID: 31433985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial sorting to discrete quality control sites in the cell is a process harnessing the toxicity of aberrant proteins. We show that the yeast t-snare phosphoprotein syntaxin5 (Sed5) acts as a key factor in mitigating proteotoxicity and the spatial deposition and clearance of IPOD (insoluble protein deposit) inclusions associates with the disaggregase Hsp104. Sed5 phosphorylation promotes dynamic movement of COPII-associated Hsp104 and boosts disaggregation by favoring anterograde ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Hsp104-associated aggregates co-localize with Sed5 as well as components of the ER, trans Golgi network, and endocytic vesicles, transiently during proteostatic stress, explaining mechanistically how misfolded and aggregated proteins formed at the vicinity of the ER can hitchhike toward vacuolar IPOD sites. Many inclusions become associated with mitochondria in a HOPS/vCLAMP-dependent manner and co-localize with Vps39 (HOPS/vCLAMP) and Vps13, which are proteins providing contacts between vacuole and mitochondria. Both Vps39 and Vps13 are required also for efficient Sed5-dependent clearance of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Babazadeh
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Song Jia
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Widlund
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Kara Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Frederik Eisele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Laura Dolz Edo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090, the Netherlands
| | - Gertien J Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090, the Netherlands
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nystrom
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
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32
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Rui Q, Wang J, Li Y, Tan X, Bao Y. Arabidopsis COG6 is essential for pollen tube growth and Golgi structure maintenance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:447-452. [PMID: 32499114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, which consists of eight subunits named COG1-COG8, is highly conserved with homologous subunits present in most eukaryotic species. In yeast and mammalian, the COG complex has been implicated in the tethering of retrograde intra-Golgi vesicles. Although homologs of COG subunits have been identified in Arabidopsis, the functions of the complex and its subunits remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we have utilized genetic and cytologic approaches to characterize the role of the COG6 subunit. We showed that a mutation in COG6 caused male transmission defect due to aberrant pollen tube growth. At the subcellular level, Golgi bodies exhibited altered morphology in cog6 pollen and cell wall components were incorrectly deposited in pollen tubes. COG6 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), which complemented the aberrant growth of cog6 pollen tubes, was localized to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that COG6, as a subunit of the COG complex, modulates Golgi morphology and vesicle trafficking homeostasis during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Liang J, Wang L, Wang C, Shen J, Su B, Marisetty AL, Fang D, Kassab C, Jeong KJ, Zhao W, Lu Y, Jain AK, Zhou Z, Liang H, Sun SC, Lu C, Xu ZX, Yu Q, Shao S, Chen X, Gao M, Claret FX, Ding Z, Chen J, Chen P, Barton MC, Peng G, Mills GB, Heimberger AB. Verteporfin Inhibits PD-L1 through Autophagy and the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 Signaling Axis, Exerting Antitumor Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:952-965. [PMID: 32265228 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key driver of tumor-mediated immune suppression, and targeting it with antibodies can induce therapeutic responses. Given the costs and associated toxicity of PD-L1 blockade, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. Using reverse-phase protein arrays to assess drugs in use or likely to enter trials, we performed a candidate drug screen for inhibitors of PD-L1 expression and identified verteporfin as a possible small-molecule inhibitor. Verteporfin suppressed basal and IFN-induced PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo through Golgi-related autophagy and disruption of the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 signaling cascade, but did not affect the proinflammatory CIITA-MHC II cascade. Within the tumor microenvironment, verteporfin inhibited PD-L1 expression, which associated with enhanced T-lymphocyte infiltration. Inhibition of chromatin-associated enzyme PARP1 induced PD-L1 expression in high endothelial venules (HEV) in tumors and, when combined with verteporfin, enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Thus, verteporfin effectively targets PD-L1 through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms, representing an alternative therapeutic strategy for targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Liang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Wang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bojin Su
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anantha L Marisetty
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dexing Fang
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiling Lu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Han Liang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Changming Lu
- The Institute of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qinghua Yu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Shao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - XiaoHua Chen
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Gao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francois X Claret
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Peng
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Lawaju BR, Niraula P, Lawrence GW, Lawrence KS, Klink VP. The Glycine max Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Functions During a Defense Response to Heterodera glycines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564495. [PMID: 33262774 PMCID: PMC7686354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, functioning in retrograde trafficking, is a universal structure present among eukaryotes that maintains the correct Golgi structure and function. The COG complex is composed of eight subunits coalescing into two sub-complexes. COGs1-4 compose Sub-complex A. COGs5-8 compose Sub-complex B. The observation that COG interacts with the syntaxins, suppressors of the erd2-deletion 5 (Sed5p), is noteworthy because Sed5p also interacts with Sec17p [alpha soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP)]. The α-SNAP gene is located within the major Heterodera glycines [soybean cyst nematode (SCN)] resistance locus (rhg1) and functions in resistance. The study presented here provides a functional analysis of the Glycine max COG complex. The analysis has identified two paralogs of each COG gene. Functional transgenic studies demonstrate at least one paralog of each COG gene family functions in G. max during H. glycines resistance. Furthermore, treatment of G. max with the bacterial effector harpin, known to function in effector triggered immunity (ETI), leads to the induced transcription of at least one member of each COG gene family that has a role in H. glycines resistance. In some instances, altered COG gene expression changes the relative transcript abundance of syntaxin 31. These results indicate that the G. max COG complex functions through processes involving ETI leading to H. glycines resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisho Ram Lawaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Prakash Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Gary W. Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Vincent P. Klink
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Center for Computational Sciences High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Vincent P. Klink, ;
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35
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Blackburn JB, D'Souza Z, Lupashin VV. Maintaining order: COG complex controls Golgi trafficking, processing, and sorting. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2466-2487. [PMID: 31381138 PMCID: PMC6771879 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) family, controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle targeting within the Golgi. In humans, COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG-congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG-CDG). The COG complex both physically and functionally interacts with all classes of molecules maintaining intra-Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE-interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled-coil tethers, and vesicular coats. Here, we review our current knowledge of COG-related trafficking and glycosylation defects in humans and model organisms, and analyze possible scenarios for the molecular mechanism of the COG orchestrated vesicle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
- Present address:
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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Yin S, Gong L, Qiu H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Jiang H, Mao Y, Kong LY, Liang B, Lv Y. Novel compound heterozygous COG5 mutations in a Chinese male patient with severe clinical symptoms and type IIi congenital disorder of glycosylation: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2695-2700. [PMID: 31572517 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, one case of COG5-CDG involving a Chinese male patient with severe neurological symptoms, who had previously been misdiagnosed with congenital gyrus malformation, is described. A clinical investigation was performed and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify COG5 variants in the patient and his family. PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed for the verification of NGS results. The patient showed severe central and peripheral neurological symptoms, while only mild symptoms were reported in a previous reported case, in which different mutations were involved. The reported patient carried the frameshift mutation c.330delT (p.V111Lfs*22), and a missense mutation c.2324 C>T (p.P775L) in the COG5 gene. The c.330delT (p.V111Lfs*22) variant is a novel mutation, while c.2324 C>T (p.P775L) has previously been reported. Inheriting one variant from each of his parents, the current case report furthers the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations in COG5-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Yin
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Liying Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Genetics Unit, Shenyang Maternity and Infant's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Outpatient Department of Obstetrics, Shenyang Maternity and Infant's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Mao
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yin Kong
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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D'Souza Z, Blackburn JB, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya ID, Lupashin VV. Defects in COG-Mediated Golgi Trafficking Alter Endo-Lysosomal System in Human Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:118. [PMID: 31334232 PMCID: PMC6616090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric complex (COG) is a multi-subunit vesicle tethering complex that functions in retrograde trafficking at the Golgi. We have previously demonstrated that the formation of enlarged endo-lysosomal structures (EELSs) is one of the major glycosylation-independent phenotypes of cells depleted for individual COG complex subunits. Here, we characterize the EELSs in HEK293T cells using microscopy and biochemical approaches. Our analysis revealed that the EELSs are highly acidic and that vATPase-dependent acidification is essential for the maintenance of this enlarged compartment. The EELSs are accessible to both trans-Golgi enzymes and endocytic cargo. Moreover, the EELSs specifically accumulate endolysosomal proteins Lamp2, CD63, Rab7, Rab9, Rab39, Vamp7, and STX8 on their surface. The EELSs are distinct from lysosomes and do not accumulate active Cathepsin B. Retention using selective hooks (RUSH) experiments revealed that biosynthetic cargo mCherry-Lamp1 reaches the EELSs much faster as compared to both receptor-mediated and soluble endocytic cargo, indicating TGN origin of the EELSs. In support to this hypothesis, EELSs are enriched with TGN specific lipid PI4P. Additionally, analysis of COG4/VPS54 double KO cells revealed that the activity of the GARP tethering complex is necessary for EELSs’ accumulation, indicating that protein mistargeting and the imbalance of Golgi-endosome membrane flow leads to the formation of EELSs in COG-deficient cells. The EELSs are likely to serve as a degradative storage hybrid organelle for mistargeted Golgi enzymes and underglycosylated glycoconjugates. To our knowledge this is the first report of the formation of an enlarged hybrid endosomal compartment in a response to malfunction of the intra-Golgi trafficking machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jessica Bailey Blackburn
- Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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38
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Despres J, Ramdani Y, di Giovanni M, Bénard M, Zahid A, Montero-Hadjadje M, Yvergnaux F, Saguet T, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML. Replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts affects structural and functional aspects of the Golgi apparatus. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:922-932. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Despres
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale; Normandie Université; UNIROUEN, Fédération de recherche Normandie-Végétal - FED 4277, GDR CNRS 3711, COSM'ACTIFS; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Bioeurope; Groupe SOLABIA; Route d'OulinsAnet France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale; Normandie Université; UNIROUEN, Fédération de recherche Normandie-Végétal - FED 4277, GDR CNRS 3711, COSM'ACTIFS; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Marine di Giovanni
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB); Normandie Université; UNIROUEN; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB); Normandie Université; UNIROUEN; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Abderrakib Zahid
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale; Normandie Université; UNIROUEN, Fédération de recherche Normandie-Végétal - FED 4277, GDR CNRS 3711, COSM'ACTIFS; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine; Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie; Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN; INSERM U1239; Rouen France
| | | | | | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale; Normandie Université; UNIROUEN, Fédération de recherche Normandie-Végétal - FED 4277, GDR CNRS 3711, COSM'ACTIFS; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB); Normandie Université; UNIROUEN; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale; Normandie Université; UNIROUEN, Fédération de recherche Normandie-Végétal - FED 4277, GDR CNRS 3711, COSM'ACTIFS; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB); Normandie Université; UNIROUEN; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
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39
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Arora V, Puri RD, Bhai P, Sharma N, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Dimri N, Baijal A, Saxena R, Verma I. The first case of antenatal presentation in COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation with a novel splice site mutation and an extended phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:480-485. [PMID: 30690882 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are an extremely rapidly growing and phenotypically versatile group of disorders. Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complexes are hetero-octameric proteins involved in retrograde trafficking within the Golgi. Seven of its eight subunits have a causal role in CDG. To date, only three cases of COG8-CDG have been published but none in the antenatal period. We present the first case of antenatally diagnosed COG8-CDG with facial dysmorphism and additional features such as Dandy-Walker malformation and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, thus expanding the phenotype of this rare disorder. Trio whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant in COG8, which creates a new splice site in exon 5 and protein truncation after 12 amino acids downstream to the newly generated splice site. As the mutations of the previous three patients were also identified in exon 5, it is likely to be a potential mutational hotspot in COG8. An association between antenatally increased nuchal translucency and COG8-CDG is also established, which would alert clinicians to its diagnosis early in gestation. It remains to be seen if this observation can be extended to other COG-CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Arora
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Bhai
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhish Sharma
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nandita Dimri
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Baijal
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Verma
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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40
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Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a genetically heterogeneous and clinically polymorphic group of diseases caused by defects in various enzymes, the synthesis and processing of N-linked glycans or oligosaccharides into glycoproteins. Approximately half of all proteins expressed in cells are glycosylated to achieve their full functionality. Basically there are 2 variants of glycosylation: N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation. N-glycans are bound to the amide group of aspartine, whereas O-glycans are bonded to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine. Synthesis of N-glycans occurs in 3 stages: the formation of nucleotide-linked sugars, assembly (in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum) and treatment (in the Golgi apparatus). Synthesis of O-glycans occurs mainly in the Golgi apparatus. The most frequently identified types of CDG are associated with a defect in the N-glycosylation pathway. CDGs are typically multisystem disorders with varying clinical manifestations such as hepatomegaly, cholestasis, liver failure, developmental delay, hypotonia, convulsions, facial dysmorphism and gastrointestinal disorders. Also histological findings showed liver fibrosis, malformation of the ducts, cirrhosis, and steatosis. CDGs typically present in the first months of life, and about 20% of patients do not survive to 5 years. The first line of CDG screening is based on the analysis of N-glycosylation of transf ferin. Exome sequencing or targeted gene panel is used for diagnosis. Several CDG subtypes are amenable to teraphy with mannose and galactose.
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41
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Lv X, Liu J, Qin Y, Liu Y, Jin M, Dai J, Chua BT, Yang H, Li P. Identification of gene products that control lipid droplet size in yeast using a high-throughput quantitative image analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:113-127. [PMID: 30414449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles involved in energy storage and expenditure. LD dynamics has been investigated using genome-wide image screening methods in yeast and other model organisms. For most studies, genes were identified using two-dimensional images with LD enlargement as readout. Due to imaging limitation, reduction of LD size is seldom explored. Here, we aim to set up a screen that specifically utilizes reduced LD size as the readout. To achieve this, a novel yeast screen is set up to quantitatively and systematically identify genes that regulate LD size through a three-dimensional imaging-based approach. Cidea which promotes LD fusion and growth in mammalian cells was overexpressed in a yeast knockout library to induce large LD formation. Next, an automated, high-throughput image analysis method that monitors LD size was utilized. With this screen, we identified twelve genes that reduced LD size when deleted. The effects of eight of these genes on LD size were further validated in fld1 null strain background. In addition, six genes were previously identified as LD-regulating genes. To conclude, this methodology represents a promising strategy to screen for players in LD size control in both yeast and mammalian cells to aid in the investigation of LD-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meijun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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42
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Ferreira CR, Xia ZJ, Clément A, Parry DA, Davids M, Taylan F, Sharma P, Turgeon CT, Blanco-Sánchez B, Ng BG, Logan CV, Wolfe LA, Solomon BD, Cho MT, Douglas G, Carvalho DR, Bratke H, Haug MG, Phillips JB, Wegner J, Tiemeyer M, Aoki K, Nordgren A, Hammarsjö A, Duker AL, Rohena L, Hove HB, Ek J, Adams D, Tifft CJ, Onyekweli T, Weixel T, Macnamara E, Radtke K, Powis Z, Earl D, Gabriel M, Russi AHS, Brick L, Kozenko M, Tham E, Raymond KM, Phillips JA, Tiller GE, Wilson WG, Hamid R, Malicdan MC, Nishimura G, Grigelioniene G, Jackson A, Westerfield M, Bober MB, Gahl WA, Freeze HH, Gahl WA, Freeze HH. A Recurrent De Novo Heterozygous COG4 Substitution Leads to Saul-Wilson Syndrome, Disrupted Vesicular Trafficking, and Altered Proteoglycan Glycosylation. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:553-567. [PMID: 30290151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is involved in intracellular vesicular transport, and is composed of eight subunits distributed in two lobes, lobe A (COG1-4) and lobe B (COG5-8). We describe fourteen individuals with Saul-Wilson syndrome, a rare form of primordial dwarfism with characteristic facial and radiographic features. All affected subjects harbored heterozygous de novo variants in COG4, giving rise to the same recurrent amino acid substitution (p.Gly516Arg). Affected individuals' fibroblasts, whose COG4 mRNA and protein were not decreased, exhibited delayed anterograde vesicular trafficking from the ER to the Golgi and accelerated retrograde vesicular recycling from the Golgi to the ER. This altered steady-state equilibrium led to a decrease in Golgi volume, as well as morphologic abnormalities with collapse of the Golgi stacks. Despite these abnormalities of the Golgi apparatus, protein glycosylation in sera and fibroblasts from affected subjects was not notably altered, but decorin, a proteoglycan secreted into the extracellular matrix, showed altered Golgi-dependent glycosylation. In summary, we define a specific heterozygous COG4 substitution as the molecular basis of Saul-Wilson syndrome, a rare skeletal dysplasia distinct from biallelic COG4-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William A Gahl
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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43
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Frappaolo A, Sechi S, Kumagai T, Karimpour-Ghahnavieh A, Tiemeyer M, Giansanti MG. Modeling Congenital Disorders of N-Linked Glycoprotein Glycosylation in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2018; 9:436. [PMID: 30333856 PMCID: PMC6176275 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the enzymatic addition of N-linked or O-linked glycans to proteins, serves crucial functions in animal cells and requires the action of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases and nucleotide-sugar transporters, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDGs) comprise a family of multisystemic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in glycosylation pathways. CDGs are classified into two large groups. Type I CDGs affect the synthesis of the dolichol-linked Glc3Man9GlcNac2 precursor of N-linked glycosylation or its transfer to acceptor proteins. Type II CDG (CDG-II) diseases impair either the trimming of the N-linked oligosaccharide, the addition of terminal glycans or the biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, which occur in the Golgi apparatus. So far, over 100 distinct forms of CDGs are known, with the majority of them characterized by neurological defects including mental retardation, seizures and hypotonia. Yet, it is unclear how defective glycosylation causes the pathology of CDGs. This issue can be only addressed by developing animal models of specific CDGs. Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a highly suitable organism for analyzing glycan-dependent functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and the involvement of N-glycosylation in neuropathologies. In this review we illustrate recent work that highlights the genetic and neurobiologic advantages offered by D. melanogaster for dissecting glycosylation pathways and modeling CDG pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Frappaolo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sechi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Angela Karimpour-Ghahnavieh
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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44
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Sacher M, Shahrzad N, Kamel H, Milev MP. TRAPPopathies: An emerging set of disorders linked to variations in the genes encoding transport protein particle (TRAPP)-associated proteins. Traffic 2018; 20:5-26. [PMID: 30152084 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The movement of proteins between cellular compartments requires the orchestrated actions of many factors including Rab family GTPases, Soluble NSF Attachment protein REceptors (SNAREs) and so-called tethering factors. One such tethering factor is called TRAnsport Protein Particle (TRAPP), and in humans, TRAPP proteins are distributed into two related complexes called TRAPP II and III. Although thought to act as a single unit within the complex, in the past few years it has become evident that some TRAPP proteins function independently of the complex. Consistent with this, variations in the genes encoding these proteins result in a spectrum of human diseases with diverse, but partially overlapping, phenotypes. This contrasts with other tethering factors such as COG, where variations in the genes that encode its subunits all result in an identical phenotype. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of all the known disease-related variations of genes encoding TRAPP-associated proteins and the disorders linked to these variations which we now call TRAPPopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassim Shahrzad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hiba Kamel
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miroslav P Milev
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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45
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Yu SH, Zhao P, Prabhakar PK, Sun T, Beedle A, Boons GJ, Moremen KW, Wells L, Steet R. Defective mucin-type glycosylation on α-dystroglycan in COG-deficient cells increases its susceptibility to bacterial proteases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14534-14544. [PMID: 30049793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex results in pleiotropic defects in glycosylation and causes congenital disorders in humans. Insight regarding the functional consequences of this defective glycosylation and the identity of specific glycoproteins affected is lacking. A chemical glycobiology strategy was adopted to identify the surface glycoproteins most sensitive to altered glycosylation in COG-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Following metabolic labeling, an unexpected increase in GalNAz incorporation into several glycoproteins, including α-dystroglycan (α-DG), was noted in cog1-deficient ldlB cells. Western blotting analysis showed a significantly lower molecular weight for α-DG in ldlB cells compared with WT CHO cells. The underglycosylated α-DG molecules on ldlB cells are highly vulnerable to bacterial proteases that co-purify with V. cholerae neuraminidase, leading to rapid removal of the protein from the cell surface. The purified bacterial mucinase StcE can cleave both WT and ldlB α-DG but did not cause rapid degradation of the fragments, implicating other V. cholerae proteases in the final proteolysis of the fragments. Extending terminal glycosylation on the existing mucin-type glycans of ldlB α-DG stabilized the resulting fragments, indicating that fragment stability, but not the initial fragmentation of the protein, is influenced by the glycosylation status of the cell. This discovery highlights a functional importance for mucin-type O-glycans found on α-DG and reinforces a growing role for these glycans as regulators of extracellular proteolysis and protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Yu
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Peng Zhao
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Pradeep K Prabhakar
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Tiantian Sun
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Aaron Beedle
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Richard Steet
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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46
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Ishii M, Lupashin VV, Nakano A. Detailed Analysis of the Interaction of Yeast COG Complex. Cell Struct Funct 2018; 43:119-127. [PMID: 29899178 DOI: 10.1247/csf.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central station for protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells. A widely accepted model of protein transport within the Golgi apparatus is cisternal maturation. Each cisterna has specific resident proteins, which are thought to be maintained by COPI-mediated transport. However, the mechanisms underlying specific sorting of these Golgi-resident proteins remain elusive. To obtain a clue to understand the selective sorting of vesicles between the Golgi cisterenae, we investigated the molecular arrangements of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) subunits in yeast cells. Mutations in COG subunits cause defects in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation of proteins and are causative of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) in humans. Interactions among COG subunits in cytosolic and membrane fractions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. Cytosolic COG subunits existed as octamers, whereas membrane-associated COG subunits formed a variety of subcomplexes. Relocation of individual COG subunits to mitochondria resulted in recruitment of only a limited number of other COG subunits to mitochondria. These results indicate that COG proteins function in the forms of a variety of subcomplexes and suggest that the COG complex does not comprise stable tethering without other interactors.Key words: The Golgi apparatus, COG complex, yeast, membrane trafficking, multi-subunit tethering complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishii
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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Blackburn JB, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, Lupashin VV. More than just sugars: Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex deficiency causes glycosylation-independent cellular defects. Traffic 2018; 19:463-480. [PMID: 29573151 PMCID: PMC5948163 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle trafficking within the Golgi. Human COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG-congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG-CDG). To gain better understanding of COG-CDGs, we compared COG knockout cells with cells deficient to 2 key enzymes, Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE), which contribute to proper N- and O-glycosylation. While all knockout cells share similar defects in glycosylation, these defects only account for a small fraction of observed COG knockout phenotypes. Glycosylation deficiencies were not associated with the fragmented Golgi, abnormal endolysosomes, defective sorting and secretion or delayed retrograde trafficking, indicating that these phenotypes are probably not due to hypoglycosylation, but to other specific interactions or roles of the COG complex. Importantly, these COG deficiency specific phenotypes were also apparent in COG7-CDG patient fibroblasts, proving the human disease relevance of our CRISPR knockout findings. The knowledge gained from this study has important implications, both for understanding the physiological role of COG complex in Golgi homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, and for better understanding human diseases associated with COG/Golgi impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Climer LK, Pokrovskaya ID, Blackburn JB, Lupashin VV. Membrane detachment is not essential for COG complex function. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:964-974. [PMID: 29467253 PMCID: PMC5896934 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COG is a multisubunit vesicle tethering complex in the Golgi. We demonstrate that both COG subcomplexes can be permanently attached to Golgi membranes and that major COG functions do not require cycling between the membrane and cytosol. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a vesicle tether of the “complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods” family, which functions on the cytoplasmic side of Golgi. It is currently unknown whether COG function, or function of any multisubunit vesicular tether, depends on cycling between the membrane and cytosol. Therefore, we permanently anchored key subunits of COG subcomplexes (COG4, COG7, and COG8) to Golgi membranes using transmembrane protein TMEM115 (TMEM-COG). All TMEM-COG subunits tested were Golgi localized, integrated into the COG complex, and stabilized membrane association of endogenous subunits. Interestingly, TMEM-COG4 and TMEM-COG7 equally rescued COG function in organization of Golgi markers, glycosylation, and abundance of COG-sensitive proteins. In contrast, TMEM-COG8 was not as effective, indicating that N-terminal attachment of COG8 interfered with overall COG structure and function, and none of the TMEM-COG subunits rescued the abnormal Golgi architecture caused by COG knockout. Collectively, these data indicate that both subcomplexes of the COG complex can perform most of COG function when permanently attached to membranes and that the cytosolic pool of COG is not completely essential to COG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Jessica B Blackburn
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
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Althonaian N, Alsultan A, Morava E, Alfadhel M. Secondary Hemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with COG6 Gene Defect: Report and Review. JIMD Rep 2018; 42:105-111. [PMID: 29445937 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disease that is characterized by proliferation and infiltration of hyperactivated macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Clinically, it is characterized by prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, pancytopenia, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes. It can be classified as primary if it is due to a genetic defect, or secondary if it is due to a different etiology such as severe infection, immune deficiency syndrome, rheumatological disorder, malignancy, and inborn errors of metabolism such as galactosemia, multiple sulfatase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance, Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Wolman disease, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, biotinidase deficiency, cobalamin C defect, galactosialidosis, Pearson syndrome, and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency. For the first time in the literature, we report on a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with a Component of Oligomeric Golgi Complex 6 (COG6) gene defect complicated by HLH. Finally, we review the literature on inborn errors of metabolism associated with HLH and compare the previously reported patients of COG6 gene defect with our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Althonaian
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Pastor-Cantizano N, Bernat-Silvestre C, Marcote MJ, Aniento F. Loss of Arabidopsis p24 function affects ERD2 trafficking and Golgi structure, and activates the unfolded protein response. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.203802. [PMID: 28871045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The p24 family of proteins (also known as the TMED family) are key regulators of protein trafficking along the secretory pathway, but very little is known about their functions in plants. A quadruple loss-of-function mutant affecting the p24 genes from the δ-1 subclass of the p24δ subfamily (p24δ3δ4δ5δ6) showed alterations in the Golgi, suggesting that these p24 proteins play a role in the organization of the compartments of the early secretory pathway in Arabidopsis Loss of p24δ-1 proteins also induced the accumulation of the K/HDEL receptor ERD2a (ER lumen protein-retaining receptor A) at the Golgi and increased secretion of BiP family proteins, ER chaperones containing an HDEL signal, probably due to an inhibition of COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER transport of ERD2a and thus retrieval of K/HDEL ligands. Although the p24δ3δ4δ5δ6 mutant showed enhanced sensitivity to salt stress, it did not show obvious phenotypic alterations under standard growth conditions. Interestingly, this mutant showed a constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the transcriptional upregulation of the COPII subunit gene SEC31A, which may help the plant to cope with the transport defects seen in the absence of p24 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pastor-Cantizano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Cesar Bernat-Silvestre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - María Jesús Marcote
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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