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Nowacka A, Getz AM, Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Activity-dependent diffusion trapping of AMPA receptors as a key step for expression of early LTP. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230220. [PMID: 38853553 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the activity-dependent diffusion trapping of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as a crucial mechanism for the expression of early long-term potentiation (LTP), a process central to learning and memory. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms by which LTP induction leads to an increase in AMPAR responses at synapses have been elusive. We review the different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the increased AMPAR responsiveness during LTP. We discuss the dynamic nature of AMPAR complexes, including their constant turnover and activity-dependent modifications that affect their synaptic accumulation. We highlight a hypothesis suggesting that AMPARs are diffusively trapped at synapses through activity-dependent interactions with protein-based binding slots in the post-synaptic density (PSD), offering a potential explanation for the increased synaptic strength during LTP. Furthermore, we outline the challenges still to be addressed before we fully understand the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of AMPAR dynamic nanoscale organization in LTP. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nowacka
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Angela M Getz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
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2
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Stockwell I, Watson JF, Greger IH. Tuning synaptic strength by regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor localization. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400006. [PMID: 38693811 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses is a leading model to explain the concept of information storage in the brain. Multiple mechanisms contribute to LTP, but central amongst them is an increased sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane to neurotransmitter release. This sensitivity is predominantly determined by the abundance and localization of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). A combination of AMPAR structural data, super-resolution imaging of excitatory synapses, and an abundance of electrophysiological studies are providing an ever-clearer picture of how AMPARs are recruited and organized at synaptic junctions. Here, we review the latest insights into this process, and discuss how both cytoplasmic and extracellular receptor elements cooperate to tune the AMPAR response at the hippocampal CA1 synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Stockwell
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jake F Watson
- Institute of Science and Technology, Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Leitch B. Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5549. [PMID: 38791587 PMCID: PMC11122153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin expressing (PV+) GABAergic interneurons are fast spiking neurons that provide powerful but relatively short-lived inhibition to principal excitatory cells in the brain. They play a vital role in feedforward and feedback synaptic inhibition, preventing run away excitation in neural networks. Hence, their dysfunction can lead to hyperexcitability and increased susceptibility to seizures. PV+ interneurons are also key players in generating gamma oscillations, which are synchronized neural oscillations associated with various cognitive functions. PV+ interneuron are particularly vulnerable to aging and their degeneration has been associated with cognitive decline and memory impairment in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overall, dysfunction of PV+ interneurons disrupts the normal excitatory/inhibitory balance within specific neurocircuits in the brain and thus has been linked to a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the role of dysfunctional PV+ inhibitory interneurons in the generation of epileptic seizures and cognitive impairment and their potential as targets in the design of future therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders. Recent research using cutting-edge optogenetic and chemogenetic technologies has demonstrated that they can be selectively manipulated to control seizures and restore the balance of neural activity in the brains of animal models. This suggests that PV+ interneurons could be important targets in developing future treatments for patients with epilepsy and comorbid disorders, such as AD, where seizures and cognitive decline are directly linked to specific PV+ interneuron deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beulah Leitch
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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4
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Chen J, Li Y, Yu Q, Patel JS, Zhou X, Zhang K, Rong J, Zhao C, Chaudhary AF, Zhang W, Bi C, Song Z, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Haider A, Collier L, Yuan H, Liang S. Preclinical Evaluation of Azabenzimidazole-Based PET Radioligands for γ-8 Dependent Transmembrane AMPA Receptor Regulatory Protein Imaging. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300813. [PMID: 38227784 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) play a pivotal role in excitatory neurotransmission, particularly in the hippocampus where the TARP γ-8 subunit is enriched and serves as a target for emerging anti-epileptic drugs. To enable in vivo visualization of TARP γ-8 distribution and expression by positron emission tomography (PET), this study focuses on the development of novel 18 F-labeled TARP γ-8 inhibitors and their corresponding precursors, stemming from the azabenzimidazole scaffold. The resulting radioligands [18 F]TARP-2204 and [18 F]TARP-2205 were successfully synthesized with acceptable radiochemical yield, high molar activity, and excellent radiochemical purity. In vitro autoradiography demonstrates high level of specific binding of [18 F]TARP-2205 to TARP γ-8 in both rat and nonhuman primate brain tissues. However, unexpected radiodefluorination in PET imaging studies of rodents emphasizes the need for further structural refinement. This work serves as an excellent starting point for the development of future 18 F-labeled TARP γ-8 PET tracers, offering valuable insights into medicinal chemistry design, radiosynthesis and subsequent PET evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
| | - Jimmy S Patel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Ahmad F Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Chunyang Bi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Zhendong Song
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC-27157, USA
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC-27157, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Lee Collier
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Steven Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02114, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
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d’Orchymont F, Narvaez A, Raymond R, Sachdev P, Charil A, Krause S, Vasdev N. In vitro evaluation of PET radiotracers for imaging synaptic density, the acetylcholine transporter, AMPA-tarp-γ8 and muscarinic M4 receptors in Alzheimer's disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:1-12. [PMID: 38500748 PMCID: PMC10944377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Several therapeutics and biomarkers that target Alzheimer's disease (AD) are under development. Our clinical positron emission tomography (PET) research programs are interested in six radiopharmaceuticals to image patients with AD and related dementias, specifically [11C]UCB-J and [18F]SynVesT-1 for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A as a marker of synaptic density, two vesicular acetylcholine transporter PET radiotracers: [18F]FEOBV and [18F]VAT, as well as the transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP)-γ8 tracer, [18F]JNJ-64511070, and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M4 tracer [11C]MK-6884. The goal of this study was to compare all six radiotracers (labeled with tritium or 18F) by measuring their density variability in pathologically diagnosed cases of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal healthy volunteer (NHV) human brains, using thin-section in vitro autoradiography (ARG). Region of interest analysis was used to quantify radioligand binding density and determine whether the radioligands provide a signal-to-noise ratio optimal for showing changes in binding. Our preliminary study confirmed that all six radiotracers show specific binding in MCI and AD. An expected decrease in their respective target density in human AD hippocampus tissues compared to NHV was observed with [3H]UCB-J, [3H]SynVesT-1, [3H]JNJ-64511070, and [3H]MK-6884. This preliminary study will be used to guide human PET imaging of SV2A, TARP-γ8 and the mAChR M4 subtype for imaging in AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine d’Orchymont
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Narvaez
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)Toronto, ON, Canada
- Enigma Biomedical Group, Inc.Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Raymond
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Lin R, Li R, Powell KL, O'Brien TJ. Transmembrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor regulatory protein expression during the development of absence seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg. Epilepsia 2024; 65:e20-e26. [PMID: 38031503 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) regulatory proteins (TARPs), γ2 (stargazin), γ3, γ4, γ5, γ7, and γ8, are a family of proteins that regulate AMPAR trafficking, expression, and biophysical properties that could have a role in the development of absence seizures. Here, we evaluated the expression of TARPs and AMPARs across the development of epilepsy in the genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) model of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with absence seizures. Pre-epileptic (7-day-old), early epileptic (6-week-old), and chronically epileptic (16-week-old) GAERS, and age-matched male nonepileptic control rats (NEC) were used. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were acquired from the 6- and 16-week-old animals to quantify seizure expression. Somatosensory cortex (SCx) and whole thalamus were collected from all the animals to evaluate TARP and AMPAR mRNA expression. Analysis of the EEG demonstrated a gradual increase in the number and duration of seizures across GAERS development. mRNA expression of the TARPs γ2, γ3, γ4, γ5, and γ8 in the SCx, and γ4 and γ5 in the thalamus, increased as the seizures started and progressed in the GAERS compared to NEC. There was a temporal association between increased TARP expression and seizures in GAERS, highlighting TARPs as potential targets for developing novel treatments for IGE with absence seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Xue SG, He JG, Lu LL, Song SJ, Chen MM, Wang F, Chen JG. Enhanced TARP-γ8-PSD-95 coupling in excitatory neurons contributes to the rapid antidepressant-like action of ketamine in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7971. [PMID: 38042894 PMCID: PMC10693574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects at sub-anesthetic dosage through early and sustained activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), however, the exact molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein-γ8 (TARP-γ8) is identified as one of AMPAR auxiliary subunits, which controls assemblies, surface trafficking and gating of AMPARs. Here, we show that ketamine rescues both depressive-like behaviors and the decreased AMPARs-mediated neurotransmission by recruitment of TARP-γ8 at the postsynaptic sites in the ventral hippocampus of stressed male mice. Furthermore, the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine are abolished by selective blockade of TARP-γ8-containing AMPAR or uncoupling of TARP-γ8 from PSD-95. Overexpression of TARP-γ8 reverses chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and attenuation of AMPARs-mediated neurotransmission. Conversely, knockdown of TARP-γ8 in excitatory neurons prevents the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ge Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Li Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Perozzo AM, Schwenk J, Kamalova A, Nakagawa T, Fakler B, Bowie D. GSG1L-containing AMPA receptor complexes are defined by their spatiotemporal expression, native interactome and allosteric sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6799. [PMID: 37884493 PMCID: PMC10603098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) and germ cell-specific gene 1-like protein (GSG1L) are claudin-type AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits that profoundly regulate glutamatergic synapse strength and plasticity. While AMPAR-TARP complexes have been extensively studied, less is known about GSG1L-containing AMPARs. Here, we show that GSG1L's spatiotemporal expression, native interactome and allosteric sites are distinct. GSG1L generally expresses late during brain development in a region-specific manner, constituting about 5% of all AMPAR complexes in adulthood. While GSG1L can co-assemble with TARPs or cornichons (CNIHs), it also assembles as the sole auxiliary subunit. Unexpectedly, GSG1L acts through two discrete evolutionarily-conserved sites on the agonist-binding domain with a weak allosteric interaction at the TARP/KGK site to slow desensitization, and a stronger interaction at a different site that slows recovery from desensitization. Together, these distinctions help explain GSG1L's evolutionary past and how it fulfills a unique signaling role within glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Perozzo
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jochen Schwenk
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aichurok Kamalova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Derek Bowie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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9
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Certain N, Gan Q, Bennett J, Hsieh H, Wollmuth LP. Differential regulation of tetramerization of the AMPA receptor glutamate-gated ion channel by auxiliary subunits. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105227. [PMID: 37673338 PMCID: PMC10558804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits are specialized, nontransient binding partners of AMPARs that modulate AMPAR channel gating properties and pharmacology, as well as their biogenesis and trafficking. The most well-characterized families of auxiliary subunits are transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs), cornichon homologs (CNIHs), and the more recently discovered GSG1-L. These auxiliary subunits can promote or reduce surface expression of AMPARs (composed of GluA1-4 subunits) in neurons, thereby impacting their functional role in membrane signaling. Here, we show that CNIH-2 enhances the tetramerization of WT and mutant AMPARs, presumably by increasing the overall stability of the tetrameric complex, an effect that is mainly mediated by interactions with the transmembrane domain of the receptor. We also find CNIH-2 and CNIH-3 show receptor subunit-specific actions in this regard with CNIH-2 enhancing both GluA1 and GluA2 tetramerization, whereas CNIH-3 only weakly enhances GluA1 tetramerization. These results are consistent with the proposed role of CNIHs as endoplasmic reticulum cargo transporters for AMPARs. In contrast, TARP γ-2, TARP γ-8, and GSG1-L have no or negligible effect on AMPAR tetramerization. On the other hand, TARP γ-2 can enhance receptor tetramerization but only when directly fused with the receptor at a maximal stoichiometry. Notably, surface expression of functional AMPARs was enhanced by CNIH-2 to a greater extent than TARP γ-2, suggesting that this distinction aids in maturation and membrane expression. These experiments define a functional distinction between CNIHs and other auxiliary subunits in the regulation of AMPAR biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noele Certain
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Quan Gan
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Bennett
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Helen Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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10
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Gangwar SP, Yen LY, Yelshanskaya MV, Korman A, Jones DR, Sobolevsky AI. Modulation of GluA2-γ5 synaptic complex desensitization, polyamine block and antiepileptic perampanel inhibition by auxiliary subunit cornichon-2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1481-1494. [PMID: 37653241 PMCID: PMC10584687 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic complexes of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) with auxiliary subunits mediate most excitatory neurotransmission and can be targeted to treat neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Here we present cryogenic-electron microscopy structures of rat GluA2 AMPAR complexes with inhibitory mouse γ5 and potentiating human cornichon-2 (CNIH2) auxiliary subunits. CNIH2 appears to destabilize the desensitized state of the complex by reducing the separation of the upper lobes in ligand-binding domain dimers. At the same time, CNIH2 stabilizes binding of polyamine spermidine to the selectivity filter of the closed ion channel. Nevertheless, CNIH2, and to a lesser extent γ5, attenuate polyamine block of the open channel and reduce the potency of the antiepileptic drug perampanel that inhibits the synaptic complex allosterically by binding to sites in the ion channel extracellular collar. These findings illustrate the fine-tuning of synaptic complex structure and function in an auxiliary subunit-dependent manner, which is critical for the study of brain region-specific neurotransmission and design of therapeutics for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Pal Gangwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Y Yen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aryeh Korman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Zhang D, Ivica J, Krieger JM, Ho H, Yamashita K, Stockwell I, Baradaran R, Cais O, Greger IH. Structural mobility tunes signalling of the GluA1 AMPA glutamate receptor. Nature 2023; 621:877-882. [PMID: 37704721 PMCID: PMC10533411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs), the primary mediators of excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, are either GluA2 subunit-containing and thus Ca2+-impermeable, or GluA2-lacking and Ca2+-permeable1. Despite their prominent expression throughout interneurons and glia, their role in long-term potentiation and their involvement in a range of neuropathologies2, structural information for GluA2-lacking receptors is currently absent. Here we determine and characterize cryo-electron microscopy structures of the GluA1 homotetramer, fully occupied with TARPγ3 auxiliary subunits (GluA1/γ3). The gating core of both resting and open-state GluA1/γ3 closely resembles GluA2-containing receptors. However, the sequence-diverse N-terminal domains (NTDs) give rise to a highly mobile assembly, enabling domain swapping and subunit re-alignments in the ligand-binding domain tier that are pronounced in desensitized states. These transitions underlie the unique kinetic properties of GluA1. A GluA2 mutant (F231A) increasing NTD dynamics phenocopies this behaviour, and exhibits reduced synaptic responses, reflecting the anchoring function of the AMPAR NTD at the synapse. Together, this work underscores how the subunit-diverse NTDs determine subunit arrangement, gating properties and ultimately synaptic signalling efficiency among AMPAR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josip Ivica
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - James M Krieger
- Biocomputing Unit, National Center of Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hinze Ho
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keitaro Yamashita
- Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Imogen Stockwell
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rozbeh Baradaran
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ondrej Cais
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Iborra-Lázaro G, Djebari S, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Gratacòs-Batlle E, Sánchez-Fernández N, Radošević M, Casals N, Navarro-López JDD, Soto Del Cerro D, Jiménez-Díaz L. CPT1C is required for synaptic plasticity and oscillatory activity that supports motor, associative and non-associative learning. J Physiol 2023; 601:3533-3556. [PMID: 37309891 DOI: 10.1113/jp284248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c (CPT1C) is a neuron-specific protein widely distributed throughout the CNS and highly expressed in discrete brain areas including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and different motor regions. Its deficiency has recently been shown to disrupt dendritic spine maturation and AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking in the hippocampus, but its contribution to synaptic plasticity and cognitive learning and memory processes remains mostly unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular, synaptic, neural network and behavioural role of CPT1C in cognition-related functions by using CPT1C knockout (KO) mice. CPT1C-deficient mice showed extensive learning and memory deficits. The CPT1C KO animals exhibited impaired motor and instrumental learning that seemed to be related, in part, to locomotor deficits and muscle weakness but not to mood alterations. In addition, CPT1C KO mice showed detrimental hippocampus-dependent spatial and habituation memory, most probably attributable to inefficient dendritic spine maturation, impairments in long-term plasticity at the CA3-CA1 synapse and aberrant cortical oscillatory activity. In conclusion, our results reveal that CPT1C is not only crucial for motor function, coordination and energy homeostasis, but also has a crucial role in the maintenance of learning and memory cognitive functions. KEY POINTS: CPT1C, a neuron-specific interactor protein involved in AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking, was found to be highly expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala and various motor regions. CPT1C-deficient animals exhibited energy deficits and impaired locomotion, but no mood changes were found. CPT1C deficiency disrupts hippocampal dendritic spine maturation and long-term synaptic plasticity and reduces cortical γ oscillations. CPT1C was found to be crucial for motor, associative and non-associative learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Iborra-Lázaro
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Souhail Djebari
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esther Gratacòs-Batlle
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Radošević
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Navarro-López
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Soto Del Cerro
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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13
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Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Molecular mechanisms of AMPAR reversible stabilization at synapses. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103856. [PMID: 37105372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, glutamatergic synapses play a central role in the regulation of excitatory neuronal transmission. With the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins as their structuring scaffold, glutamatergic receptors serve as the powerhouse of glutamatergic synapses. Glutamatergic receptors can be categorized as metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. The latter are then categorized into N-methyl-d-aspartate, kainate receptors, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Over the past two decades, genetic tagging technology and super-resolution microscopy have been of the utmost importance to unravel how the different receptors are organized at glutamatergic synapses. At the plasma membrane, receptors are highly mobile but show reduced mobility when at synaptic sites. This partial immobilization of receptors at synaptic sites is attributed to the stabilization/anchoring of receptors with the postsynaptic MAGUK proteins and auxiliary proteins, and presynaptic proteins. These partial immobilizations and localization of glutamatergic receptors within the synaptic sites are fundamental for proper basal transmission and synaptic plasticity. Perturbations of the stabilization of glutamatergic receptors are often associated with cognitive deficits. In this review, we describe the proposed mechanisms for synaptic localization and stabilization of AMPARs, the major players of fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bessa-Neto
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Coombs I, Bats C, Sexton CA, Studniarczyk D, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M. Enhanced functional detection of synaptic calcium-permeable AMPA receptors using intracellular NASPM. eLife 2023; 12:e66765. [PMID: 37042655 PMCID: PMC10168695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) contribute to many forms of synaptic plasticity and pathology. They can be distinguished from GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable AMPARs by the inward rectification of their currents, which reflects voltage-dependent channel block by intracellular spermine. However, the efficacy of this weakly permeant blocker is differentially altered by the presence of AMPAR auxiliary subunits - including transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins, cornichons, and GSG1L - which are widely expressed in neurons and glia. This complicates the interpretation of rectification as a measure of CP-AMPAR expression. Here, we show that the inclusion of the spider toxin analog 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (NASPM) in the intracellular solution results in a complete block of GluA1-mediated outward currents irrespective of the type of associated auxiliary subunit. In neurons from GluA2-knockout mice expressing only CP-AMPARs, intracellular NASPM, unlike spermine, completely blocks outward synaptic currents. Thus, our results identify a functional measure of CP-AMPARs, that is unaffected by their auxiliary subunit content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Coombs
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bats
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Craig A Sexton
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dorota Studniarczyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart G Cull-Candy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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15
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Zhang D, Lape R, Shaikh SA, Kohegyi BK, Watson JF, Cais O, Nakagawa T, Greger IH. Modulatory mechanisms of TARP γ8-selective AMPA receptor therapeutics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1659. [PMID: 36966141 PMCID: PMC10039940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission throughout the brain. Their signalling is uniquely diversified by brain region-specific auxiliary subunits, providing an opportunity for the development of selective therapeutics. AMPARs associated with TARP γ8 are enriched in the hippocampus, and are targets of emerging anti-epileptic drugs. To understand their therapeutic activity, we determined cryo-EM structures of the GluA1/2-γ8 receptor associated with three potent, chemically diverse ligands. We find that despite sharing a lipid-exposed and water-accessible binding pocket, drug action is differentially affected by binding-site mutants. Together with patch-clamp recordings and MD simulations we also demonstrate that ligand-triggered reorganisation of the AMPAR-TARP interface contributes to modulation. Unexpectedly, one ligand (JNJ-61432059) acts bifunctionally, negatively affecting GluA1 but exerting positive modulatory action on GluA2-containing AMPARs, in a TARP stoichiometry-dependent manner. These results further illuminate the action of TARPs, demonstrate the sensitive balance between positive and negative modulatory action, and provide a mechanistic platform for development of both positive and negative selective AMPAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remigijus Lape
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saher A Shaikh
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bianka K Kohegyi
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jake F Watson
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ondrej Cais
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Yamasaki T, Ishii H, Hiraishi A, Kumata K, Wakizaka H, Zhang Y, Kurihara Y, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Chen J, Li Y, Liang S, Zhang MR. Small-animal PET study for noninvasive quantification of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8) in the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:893-904. [PMID: 36655318 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8) mediates various AMPA receptor functions. Recently, [11C]TARP-2105 was developed as a PET ligand for TARP γ-8 imaging. We performed a full kinetic analysis of [11C]TARP-2105 using PET with [11C]TARP-2105 for the first time. The distribution volume (VT), which is a macro parameter consisting of the K1-k4 rate constants in the two-tissue compartment model analysis, exhibited the following rank order: hippocampus (1.4 ± 0.3) > amygdala (1.0 ± 0.2) > frontal cortex (0.9 ± 0.2) > striatum (0.8 ± 0.2) ≫ cerebellum (0.5 ± 0.1) ≈ thalamus (0.5 ± 0.1) > pons (0.4 ± 0.1 mL/cm3). These heterogenous VT values corresponded with the order of biological distribution of TARP γ-8 in the brain. To validate the reference tissue model, the binding potential (BPND) of [11C]TARP-2105 for TARP γ-8 was estimated using general methods (SRTM, MRTM0, Logan reference model, and ratio method). These BPNDs based on reference models indicated excellent correlation (R2 > 0.9) to the indirect BPNDs based on 2TCM with moderate reproducibility (%variability ≈ 10). PET with [11C]TARP-2105 enabled noninvasive BPND estimation and visual mapping of TARP γ-8 in the living rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuto Hiraishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yinlong Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Developmental Inhibitory Changes in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Stargazer Mouse Model of Absence Epilepsy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010186. [PMID: 36671571 PMCID: PMC9856073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy seizures arise in the cortico-thalamocortical network due to multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, which are still under investigation. Understanding the precise mechanisms is imperative given that treatment fails in ~30% of patients while adverse neurological sequelae remain common. Impaired GABAergic neurotransmission is commonly reported in research models investigating these mechanisms. Recently, we reported a region-specific reduction in the whole-tissue and synaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR) α1 subunit and an increase in whole-tissue GAD65 in the primary somatosensory cortex (SoCx) of the adult epileptic stargazer mouse compared with its non-epileptic (NE) littermate. The current study investigated whether these changes occurred prior to the onset of seizures on postnatal days (PN) 17-18, suggesting a causative role. Synaptic and cytosolic fractions were biochemically isolated from primary SoCx lysates followed by semiquantitative Western blot analyses for GABAAR α1 and GAD65. We found no significant changes in synaptic GABAAR α1 and cytosolic GAD65 in the primary SoCx of the stargazer mice at the critical developmental stages of PN 7-9, 13-15, and 17-18. This indicates that altered levels of GABAAR α1 and GAD65 in adult mice do not directly contribute to the initial onset of absence seizures but are a later consequence of seizure activity.
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18
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Bencsik N, Oueslati Morales CO, Hausser A, Schlett K. Endocytosis of AMPA receptors: Role in neurological conditions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:59-97. [PMID: 36813366 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels, present in a wide range of neuron types and in glial cells. Their main role is to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission, and therefore, they are critical for normal brain function. In neurons, AMPA receptors undergo constitutive and activity-dependent trafficking between the synaptic, extrasynaptic and intracellular pools. The kinetics of AMPA receptor trafficking is crucial for the precise functioning of both individual neurons and neural networks involved in information processing and learning. Many of the neurological diseases evoked by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative malfunctions or traumatic injuries are caused by impaired synaptic function in the central nervous system. For example, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), tumors, seizures, ischemic strokes, and traumatic brain injury are all characterized by impaired glutamate homeostasis and associated neuronal death, typically caused by excitotoxicity. Given the important role of AMPA receptors in neuronal function, it is not surprising that perturbations in AMPA receptor trafficking are associated with these neurological disorders. In this book chapter, we will first introduce the structure, physiology and synthesis of AMPA receptors, followed by an in-depth description of the molecular mechanisms that control AMPA receptor endocytosis and surface levels under basal conditions or synaptic plasticity. Finally, we will discuss how impairments in AMPA receptor trafficking, particularly endocytosis, contribute to the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders and what efforts are being made to therapeutically target this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Bencsik
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carlos Omar Oueslati Morales
- Membrane Trafficking and Signalling Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Membrane Trafficking and Signalling Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Altered GABA A Receptor Expression in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Genetic Absence Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415685. [PMID: 36555327 PMCID: PMC9778655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence seizures are hyperexcitations within the cortico-thalamocortical (CTC) network, however the underlying causative mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level are still being elucidated and appear to be multifactorial. Dysfunctional feed-forward inhibition (FFI) is implicated as one cause of absence seizures. Previously, we reported altered excitation onto parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the CTC network of the stargazer mouse model of absence epilepsy. In addition, downstream changes in GABAergic neurotransmission have also been identified in this model. Our current study assessed whether dysfunctional FFI affects GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunit expression in the stargazer primary somatosensory cortex (SoCx). Global tissue expression of GABAAR subunits α1, α3, α4, α5, β2, β3, γ2 and δ were assessed using Western blotting (WB), while biochemically isolated subcellular fractions were assessed for the α and δ subunits. We found significant reductions in tissue and synaptic expression of GABAAR α1, 18% and 12.2%, respectively. However, immunogold-cytochemistry electron microscopy (ICC-EM), conducted to assess GABAAR α1 specifically at synapses between PV+ interneurons and their targets, showed no significant difference. These data demonstrate a loss of phasic GABAAR α1, indicating altered GABAergic inhibition which, coupled with dysfunctional FFI, could be one mechanism contributing to the generation or maintenance of absence seizures.
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20
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Benesh JL, Mueller TM, Meador-Woodruff JH. AMPA receptor subunit localization in schizophrenia anterior cingulate cortex. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:16-24. [PMID: 32014361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that altered glutamatergic transmission occurs in this illness, although precise mechanisms of dysregulation remain elusive. AMPA receptors (AMPARs), a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor, are the main facilitators of fast, excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and changes in AMPAR number or composition at synapses can regulate synaptic strength and plasticity. Prior evidence of abnormal expression of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) in schizophrenia suggests defective trafficking of AMPARs, which we propose could lead to altered AMPAR expression at excitatory synapses. To test this hypothesis, we isolated subcellular fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synapses from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from schizophrenia (N = 18) and comparison (N = 18) subjects, and measured glutamate receptor subunits (GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, GluA4, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and NR3A) and TARP member γ2 (stargazin) in homogenates and subcellular fractions by western blot analysis. We found decreased expression of stargazin and an increased ratio of GluA2:stargazin in ACC homogenates, while in the synapse fraction we identified a decrease in GluA1 and reduced ratios of GluA1:stargazin and GluA1:GluA2 in schizophrenia. The amount of stargazin in the ER fraction was not different, but the relative amount of ER/Total stargazin was increased in schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest that associations between stargazin and AMPA subunits are abnormal, potentially affecting forward trafficking or synaptic stability of GluA1-containing AMPARs. These data provide evidence that altered interactions with trafficking proteins may contribute to glutamate dysregulation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Benesh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Toni M Mueller
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - James H Meador-Woodruff
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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21
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Chen X, Jia B, Araki Y, Liu B, Ye F, Huganir R, Zhang M. Arc weakens synapses by dispersing AMPA receptors from postsynaptic density via modulating PSD phase separation. Cell Res 2022; 32:914-930. [PMID: 35856091 PMCID: PMC9525282 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to stimuli, the immediate early gene product Arc can acutely down-regulate synaptic strength by removing AMPA receptors (AMPARs) from synapses and thus regulate synaptic plasticity. How Arc, a scaffold protein, can specifically facilitate synaptic removal of AMPARs is unknown. We found that Arc directly antagonizes with PSD-95 in binding to TARPs, which are the auxiliary subunits of AMPARs. Arc, in a highly concentration-sensitive manner, acutely disperses TARPs from the postsynaptic density (PSD) condensate formed via phase separation. TARPs with the Ser residue in the "P-S-Y"-motif of its tail phosphorylated are completely refractory from being dispersed by Arc, suggesting that Arc cannot displace AMPARs from PSDs in active synapses. Conversely, strengthening the interaction between Arc and TARPs enhances Arc's capacity in weakening synapses. Thus, Arc can specifically and effectively modulate synaptic AMPAR clustering via modulating PSD phase separation. Our study further suggests that activity-dependent, bi-directional modulation of PSD condensate formation/dispersion represents a general regulatory mechanism for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bowen Jia
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Kumari A, Rahaman A, Zeng XA, Farooq MA, Huang Y, Yao R, Ali M, Ishrat R, Ali R. Temporal Cortex Microarray Analysis Revealed Impaired Ribosomal Biogenesis and Hyperactivity of the Glutamatergic System: An Early Signature of Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:966877. [PMID: 35958988 PMCID: PMC9359077 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.966877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic aging is regarded as asymptomatic AD when there is no cognitive deficit except for neuropathology consistent with Alzheimer's disease. These individuals are highly susceptible to developing AD. Braak and Braak's theory specific to tau pathology illustrates that the brain's temporal cortex region is an initiation site for early AD progression. So, the hub gene analysis of this region may reveal early altered biological cascades that may be helpful to alleviate AD in an early stage. Meanwhile, cognitive processing also drags its attention because cognitive impairment is the ultimate result of AD. Therefore, this study aimed to explore changes in gene expression of aged control, asymptomatic AD (AsymAD), and symptomatic AD (symAD) in the temporal cortex region. We used microarray data sets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the help of the R programming interface. Further, we constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by performing the STRING plugin in Cytoscape and determined the hub genes via the CytoHubba plugin. Furthermore, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis via Bioconductor's cluster profile package. Resultant, the AsymAD transcriptome revealed the early-stage changes of glutamatergic hyperexcitability. Whereas the connectivity of major hub genes in this network indicates a shift from initially reduced rRNA biosynthesis in the AsymAD group to impaired protein synthesis in the symAD group. Both share the phenomenon of breaking tight junctions and others. In conclusion, this study offers new understandings of the early biological vicissitudes that occur in the brain before the manifestation of symAD and gives new promising therapeutic targets for early AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
- Abdul Rahaman
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-An Zeng
| | - Muhammad Adil Farooq
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Runyu Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Murtaza Ali
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Romana Ishrat
| | - Rafat Ali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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23
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Benske TM, Mu TW, Wang YJ. Protein quality control of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:907560. [PMID: 35936491 PMCID: PMC9352929 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.907560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission and are critical for synaptic development and plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Functional NMDARs typically form via the heterotetrameric assembly of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. Variants within GRIN genes are implicated in various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Due to the significance of NMDAR subunit composition for regional and developmental signaling at synapses, properly folded receptors must reach the plasma membrane for their function. This review focuses on the protein quality control of NMDARs. Specifically, we review the quality control mechanisms that ensure receptors are correctly folded and assembled within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficked to the plasma membrane. Further, we discuss disease-associated variants that have shown disrupted NMDAR surface expression and function. Finally, we discuss potential targeted pharmacological and therapeutic approaches to ameliorate disease phenotypes by enhancing the expression and surface trafficking of subunits harboring disease-associated variants, thereby increasing their incorporation into functional receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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24
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Yu Q, Kumata K, Rong J, Chen Z, Yamasaki T, Chen J, Xiao Z, Ishii H, Hiraishi A, Shao T, Zhang Y, Hu K, Xie L, Fujinaga M, Zhao C, Mori W, Collier T, Haider A, Tomita S, Zhang MR, Liang S. Imaging of Transmembrane AMPA Receptor Regulatory Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9144-9158. [PMID: 35762919 PMCID: PMC10448436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8) constitutes an auxiliary subunit of AMPA receptors, which mediates various brain functions including learning and memory. TARP γ-8 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders. Despite considerable efforts, previously reported TARP γ-8 PET radioligands, such as [11C]TARP-1903 and [11C]TARP-1811 series, were plagued by limited brain uptake and/or high nonspecific binding in vivo. Herein, we developed two novel 11C-labeled probes, [11C]8 and [11C]15 (also named as [11C]TARP-2105), of which the latter exhibited a reasonable brain uptake as well as specific binding toward TARP γ-8 both in vitro and in vivo, as confirmed by blocking experiments with the commercially available TARP γ-8 inhibitor, JNJ-55511118 in the TARP γ-8-rich hippocampus. Overall, [11C]15 exhibited promising tracer characteristics and proved to be a lead positron-emission tomography ligand for the non-invasive quantification of TARP γ-8 in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Medical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital & School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuto Hiraishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Thomas Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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25
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Hetsch F, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang J, Aslam M, Kegel M, Tonner H, Grus F, von Engelhardt J. CKAMP44 controls synaptic function and strength of relay neurons during early development of the dLGN. J Physiol 2022; 600:3549-3565. [PMID: 35770953 DOI: 10.1113/jp283172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Expression of CKAMP44 starts early during development of the dLGN and remains stable in relay neurons and interneurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 decreases synaptic strength and increases silent synapse number in dLGN relay neurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 increases the rate of recovery from desensitisation of AMPA receptors in dLGN relay neurons. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 reduces synaptic short-term depression in retinogeniculate synapses. The probability to induce plateau potentials is elevated in relay neurons of CKAMP44-/- mice. Eye-specific input segregation is unaffected in the dLGN of CKAMP44-/- mice. Deletion of CKAMP44 mildly affects dendritic arborisation of relay neurons in the dLGN. ABSTRACT Relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) receive inputs from retinal ganglion cells via retinogeniculate synapses. These connections undergo pruning in the first two weeks after eye opening. The remaining connections are strengthened several-fold by the insertion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) into weak or silent synapses. In this study, we found that the AMPAR auxiliary subunit CKAMP44 is required for receptor insertion and function of retinogeniculate synapses during development. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 resulted in decreased synaptic strength and a higher number of silent synapses in young (P9-11) mice. Recovery from desensitisation of AMPA receptors was faster in CKAMP44 knockout (CKAMP44-/- ) than in wildtype mice. Moreover, loss of CKAMP44 increased the probability to induce plateau potentials, which are known to be important for eye-specific input segregation and retinogeniculate synapse maturation. The anatomy of relay neurons in the dLGN was changed in young CKAMP44-/- mice showing a transient increase in dendritic branching that normalised during later development (P26-33). Interestingly, input segregation in young CKAMP44-/- mice was not affected when compared to wildtype mice. These results demonstrate that CKAMP44 promotes maturation and modulates function of retinogeniculate synapses during early development of the visual system without affecting input segregation. Abstract figure legend AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit CKAMP44 influences synaptic function in retinogeniculate synapses of young mice. CKAMP44 unsilences synapses by recruiting AMPA receptors to the synapse. Furthermore, genetic deletion of CKAMP44 reduces short-term depression and increases the probability to elicit L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated plateau potentials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hetsch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danni Wang
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Kegel
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henrik Tonner
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Plambeck KE, He CW, Navarro HH, Díaz E. Mutually Dependent Clustering of SynDIG4/PRRT1 and AMPA Receptor Subunits GluA1 and GluA2 in Heterologous Cells and Primary Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:788620. [PMID: 35465096 PMCID: PMC9024365 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.788620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at synapses is a predominant mechanism for regulating synaptic strength. We identified the transmembrane protein synapse differentiation-induced gene 1 (SynDIG1; SD1) as an AMPAR interacting protein that regulates excitatory synaptic strength and AMPAR number both in vitro and in vivo. The related protein SynDIG4 (SD4; also known as PRRT1) was identified in several independent proteomic screens in complex with AMPARs, suggesting that it may function as an AMPAR auxiliary factor. Here, we show that the co-expression of SD4 with GluA1 or GluA2 homomeric AMPARs in COS cells leads to a 50 or 33% increase in the mean area of AMPAR puncta, respectively. This effect is accentuated when AMPAR puncta are stratified for co-localization with SD4, resulting in a 100 and 65% increase in GluA1 and GluA2 puncta, respectively. Chimeric proteins expressing only the membrane bound domain of SD4 co-expressed with full-length GluA1 or GluA2 recapitulated the effects of wild-type (WT) SD4. Additionally, the mean puncta area of GluA1 or GluA2 chimeras expressing the membrane and C-terminal domains increased significantly when co-localized with WT SD4. Similarly, the co-expression of GluA1 or GluA2 with SD4 results in a significant increase in the mean area of SD4 puncta co-localized with GluA1 or GluA2, respectively. Last, we observed a significant increase in the co-localization of SD4 with GluA1 after glycine induced long-term potentiation (LTP). The mean size of GluA1 puncta was significantly increased when stratified, indicating that co-localization with SD4 increases synaptic GluA1 cluster size during LTP. These data indicate mutually dependent clustering of SD4 and AMPAR subunits both in COS cells and primary hippocampal neurons, suggesting a mechanism for increased synaptic strength during chemical LTP.
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27
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Felix R, Muñoz-Herrera D, Corzo-López A, Fernández-Gallardo M, Leyva-Leyva M, González-Ramírez R, Sandoval A. Ion channel long non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:457-468. [PMID: 35235008 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the primary forms of chronic pain and is the consequence of the somatosensory system's direct injury or disease. It is a relevant public health problem that affects about 10% of the world's general population. In neuropathic pain, alteration in neurotransmission occurs at various levels, including the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord, and the brain, resulting from the malfunction of diverse molecules such as receptors, ion channels, and elements of specific intracellular signaling pathways. In this context, there have been exciting advances in elucidating neuropathic pain's cellular and molecular mechanisms in the last decade, including the possible role that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play, which open up new alternatives for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this condition. This review focuses on recent studies associated with the possible relevance of lncRNAs in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain through their actions on the functional expression of ion channels. Recognizing the changes in the function and spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these membrane proteins is crucial to understanding the control of neuronal excitability in chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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28
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He JG, Zhou HY, Wang F, Chen JG. Dysfunction of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Depression: Focus on AMPA Receptor Trafficking. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 3:187-196. [PMID: 37124348 PMCID: PMC10140449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological and anatomical evidence suggests that abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Compounds that act as NMDA receptor antagonists may be a potential treatment for depression, notably the rapid-acting agent ketamine. The rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine rely on the activation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs). As the key elements of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, AMPARs are crucially involved in synaptic plasticity and memory. Recent efforts have been directed toward investigating the bidirectional dysregulation of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in depression. Here, we summarize the published evidence relevant to the dysfunction of AMPAR in stress conditions and review the recent progress toward the understanding of the involvement of AMPAR trafficking in the pathophysiology of depression, focusing on the roles of AMPAR auxiliary subunits, key AMPAR-interacting proteins, and posttranslational regulation of AMPARs. We also discuss new prospects for the development of improved therapeutics for depression.
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29
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Uhl M, Schmeisser MJ, Schumann S. The Sexual Dimorphic Synapse: From Spine Density to Molecular Composition. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818390. [PMID: 35250477 PMCID: PMC8894598 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A synaptic sexual dimorphism is relevant in the context of multiple neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Many of these disorders show a different prevalence and progression in woman and man. A similar variance is also present in corresponding animal models. To understand and characterize this dimorphism in pathologies it is important to first understand sex differences in unaffected individuals. Therefore, sexual differences have been studied since 1788, first focusing on brain weight, size, and volume. But as these measures are not directly related to brain function, the investigation of sexual dimorphism also expanded to other organizational levels of the brain. This review is focused on sexual dimorphism at the synaptic level, as these specialized structures are the smallest functional units of the brain, determining cell communication, connectivity, and plasticity. Multiple differences between males and females can be found on the levels of spine density, synaptic morphology, and molecular synapse composition. These differences support the importance of sex-disaggregated data. The specificity of changes to a particular brain region or circuit might support the idea of a mosaic brain, in which each tile individually lies on a continuum from masculinization to feminization. Moreover, synapses can be seen as the smallest tiles of the mosaic determining the classification of larger areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Uhl
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Schmeisser,
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Sven Schumann,
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30
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Leitch B. The Impact of Glutamatergic Synapse Dysfunction in the Corticothalamocortical Network on Absence Seizure Generation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:836255. [PMID: 35237129 PMCID: PMC8882758 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.836255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is the most common pediatric epilepsy affecting 10–18% of all children with epilepsy. It is genetic in origin and the result of dysfunction within the corticothalamocortical (CTC) circuitry. Network dysfunction may arise from multifactorial mechanisms in patients from different genetic backgrounds and thus account for the variability in patient response to currently available anti-epileptic drugs; 30% of children with absence seizures are pharmaco-resistant. This review considers the impact of deficits in AMPA receptor-mediated excitation of feed-forward inhibition (FFI) in the CTC, on absence seizure generation. AMPA receptors are glutamate activated ion channels and are responsible for most of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the CNS. In the stargazer mouse model of absence epilepsy, the genetic mutation is in stargazin, a transmembrane AMPA receptor trafficking protein (TARP). This leads to a defect in AMPA receptor insertion into synapses in parvalbumin-containing (PV+) inhibitory interneurons in the somatosensory cortex and thalamus. Mutation in the Gria4 gene, which encodes for the AMPA receptor subunit GluA4, the predominant AMPA receptor subunit in cortical and thalamic PV + interneurons, also leads to absence seizures. This review explores the impact of glutamatergic synapse dysfunction in the CTC network on absence seizure generation. It also discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of childhood absence epilepsy.
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31
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Jiang J, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhao X. Health risks of sulfentrazone exposure during zebrafish embryo-larvae development at environmental concentration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132632. [PMID: 34687687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the negative effects and mechanism of sulfentrazone (SUL) on aquatic early life stages is still limited. Here we investigated the lethal and sub-lethal effects of SUL during zebrafish embryo-larvae development. Results demonstrated that the 96 h and 120 h-LC50 of SUL to embryonic zebrafish was 2.02 mg/L, and the 30 d-LC50 was 0.899 mg/L after embryos exposed to SUL for 30 d. High concentrations of SUL delayed yolk sac absorption, disordered the hatching and heart rate during zebrafish embryonic stage, while 0.0100-0.100 mg/L SUL had no phenotypic changes on embryonic development, but decreased the body weight of larvae after 30 d exposure. RNA-seq identified 321, 394 and 727 differentially expressed genes in larvae after embryos exposed to 0.0100 mg/L, 0.0400 mg/L and 0.400 mg/L SUL for 30 d, found that the transcriptional profiles involved in heart development and endocrine disruption were simultaneously influenced by different concentrations of SUL, such as adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, cardiac muscle contraction, cell adhesion molecules and steroid biosynthesis. Biochemical analysis showed that SUL increased the levels of E2, T3 and TSH, induced the activities of mitochondrial complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, Ca2+-ATPase, total Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, and decreased ATP formation after embryos exposed to SUL for 5 d and 30 d. Further comprehensive analysis demonstrated that SUL caused more significantly alteration on the transcript, level or activity of the key elements involved in heart development and endocrine disruption after 30 d exposure, indicated long-term SUL exposure might cause more negative effects on zebrafish at doses below the presumed no-observed-adverse-effect level during early life development. The results inferred the environmental concentration of SUL might cause potential cardiac and endocrine health risk in zebrafish later life stages, also facilitated a better understanding of the sub-lethal effects and molecular mechanism of SUL on aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Royo M, Escolano BA, Madrigal MP, Jurado S. AMPA Receptor Function in Hypothalamic Synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:833449. [PMID: 35173598 PMCID: PMC8842481 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.833449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are critical for mediating glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity, thus playing a major role in the molecular machinery underlying cellular substrates of memory and learning. Their expression pattern, transport and regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied in the hippocampus, but their functional properties in other brain regions remain poorly understood. Interestingly, electrophysiological and molecular evidence has confirmed a prominent role of AMPARs in the regulation of hypothalamic function. This review summarizes the existing evidence on AMPAR-mediated transmission in the hypothalamus, where they are believed to orchestrate the role of glutamatergic transmission in autonomous, neuroendocrine function, body homeostasis, and social behavior.
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Aberrant hippocampal transmission and behavior in mice with a stargazin mutation linked to intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2457-2469. [PMID: 35256745 PMCID: PMC9135633 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID), are frequently found in genes that encode for proteins of the excitatory synapse. Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are AMPA receptor auxiliary proteins that regulate crucial aspects of receptor function. Here, we investigate a mutant form of the TARP family member stargazin, described in an ID patient. Molecular dynamics analyses predicted that the ID-associated stargazin variant, V143L, weakens the overall interface of the AMPAR:stargazin complex and impairs the stability of the complex. Knock-in mice harboring the V143L stargazin mutation manifest cognitive and social deficits and hippocampal synaptic transmission defects, resembling phenotypes displayed by ID patients. In the hippocampus of stargazin V143L mice, CA1 neurons show impaired spine maturation, abnormal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation specifically in basal dendrites, and synaptic ultrastructural alterations. These data suggest a causal role for mutated stargazin in the pathogenesis of ID and unveil a new role for stargazin in the development and function of hippocampal synapses.
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Ahmed KT, Amin MR, Razmara P, Roy B, Cai R, Tang J, Chen XZ, Ali DW. Expression and Development of TARP γ-4 in Embryonic Zebrafish. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:518-531. [PMID: 35728564 DOI: 10.1159/000525578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS is mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, binding to and activating AMPA receptors (AMPARs). AMPARs are known to interact with auxiliary proteins that modulate their behavior. One such family of proteins is the transmembrane AMPAR-related proteins, known as TARPs. Little is known about the role of TARPs during development or about their function in nonmammalian organisms. Here, we report on the presence of TARP γ-4 in developing zebrafish. We find that zebrafish express 2 forms of TARP γ-4: γ-4a and γ-4b as early as 12 h post-fertilization. Sequence analysis shows that both γ-4a and γ-4b shows great level of variation particularly in the intracellular C-terminal domain compared to rat, mouse, and human γ-4. RT-qPCR showed a gradual increase in the expression of γ-4a throughout the first 5 days of development, whereas γ-4b levels were constant until day 5 when levels increased significantly. Knockdown of TARP γ-4a and γ-4b via either splice-blocking morpholinos or translation-blocking morpholinos resulted in embryos that exhibited deficits in C-start escape responses, showing reduced C-bend angles. Morphant larvae displayed reduced bouts of swimming. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of AMPAR-mediated currents from Mauthner cells showed a reduction in the frequency of mEPCs but no change in amplitude or kinetics. Together, these results suggest that γ-4a and γ-4b are required for proper neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Parastoo Razmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Birbickram Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Bessa-Neto D, Beliu G, Kuhlemann A, Pecoraro V, Doose S, Retailleau N, Chevrier N, Perrais D, Sauer M, Choquet D. Bioorthogonal labeling of transmembrane proteins with non-canonical amino acids unveils masked epitopes in live neurons. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6715. [PMID: 34795271 PMCID: PMC8602626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in biological imaging is intrinsically linked to advances in labeling methods. The explosion in the development of high-resolution and super-resolution imaging calls for new approaches to label targets with small probes. These should allow to faithfully report the localization of the target within the imaging resolution - typically nowadays a few nanometers - and allow access to any epitope of the target, in the native cellular and tissue environment. We report here the development of a complete labeling and imaging pipeline using genetic code expansion and non-canonical amino acids in neurons that allows to fluorescently label masked epitopes in target transmembrane proteins in live neurons, both in dissociated culture and organotypic brain slices. This allows us to image the differential localization of two AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits of the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein family in complex with their partner with a variety of methods including widefield, confocal, and dSTORM super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhlemann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Pecoraro
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natacha Retailleau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Coombs ID, Cull-Candy SG. Single-channel mechanisms underlying the function, diversity and plasticity of AMPA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108781. [PMID: 34480912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The functional properties of AMPA receptors shape many of the essential features of excitatory synaptic signalling in the brain, including high-fidelity point-to-point transmission and long-term plasticity. Understanding the behaviour and regulation of single AMPAR channels is fundamental in unravelling how central synapses carry, process and store information. There is now an abundance of data on the importance of alternative splicing, RNA editing, and phosphorylation of AMPAR subunits in determining central synaptic diversity. Furthermore, auxiliary subunits have emerged as pivotal players that regulate AMPAR channel properties and add further diversity. Single-channel studies have helped reveal a fascinating picture of the unique behaviour of AMPAR channels - their concentration-dependent single-channel conductance, the basis of their multiple-conductance states, and the influence of auxiliary proteins in controlling many of their gating and conductance properties. Here we summarize basic hallmarks of AMPAR single-channels, in relation to function, diversity and plasticity. We also present data that reveal an unexpected feature of AMPAR sublevel behaviour. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - AMPA receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Coombs
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Stuart G Cull-Candy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Structure and desensitization of AMPA receptor complexes with type II TARP γ5 and GSG1L. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4771-4783.e7. [PMID: 34678168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission. Their surface expression, trafficking, gating, and pharmacology are regulated by auxiliary subunits. Of the two types of TARP auxiliary subunits, type I TARPs assume activating roles, while type II TARPs serve suppressive functions. We present cryo-EM structures of GluA2 AMPAR in complex with type II TARP γ5, which reduces steady-state currents, increases single-channel conductance, and slows recovery from desensitization. Regulation of AMPAR function depends on its ligand-binding domain (LBD) interaction with the γ5 head domain. GluA2-γ5 complex shows maximum stoichiometry of two TARPs per AMPAR tetramer, being different from type I TARPs but reminiscent of the auxiliary subunit GSG1L. Desensitization of both GluA2-GSG1L and GluA2-γ5 complexes is accompanied by rupture of LBD dimer interface, while GluA2-γ5 but not GluA2-GSG1L LBD dimers remain two-fold symmetric. Different structural architectures and desensitization mechanisms of complexes with auxiliary subunits endow AMPARs with broad functional capabilities.
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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Díaz-Alonso J, Nicoll RA. AMPA receptor trafficking and LTP: Carboxy-termini, amino-termini and TARPs. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108710. [PMID: 34271016 PMCID: PMC9122021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are fundamental elements in excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the CNS. Long term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity which contributes to learning and memory formation, relies on the accumulation of AMPARs at the postsynapse. This phenomenon requires the coordinated recruitment of different elements in the AMPAR complex. Based on recent research reviewed herein, we propose an updated AMPAR trafficking and LTP model which incorporates both extracellular as well as intracellular mechanisms. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - AMPA receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díaz-Alonso
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, USA.
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, USA; Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, USA.
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Harb A, Vogel N, Shaib A, Becherer U, Bruns D, Mohrmann R. Auxiliary Subunits Regulate the Dendritic Turnover of AMPA Receptors in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:728498. [PMID: 34497491 PMCID: PMC8419334 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.728498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different families of auxiliary subunits regulate the function and trafficking of native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the central nervous system. While a facilitatory role of auxiliary subunits in ER export and forward trafficking of newly synthesized AMPA receptors is firmly established, it is unclear whether auxiliary subunits also control endosomal receptor turnover in dendrites. Here, we manipulated the composition of AMPA receptor complexes in cultured hippocampal neurons by overexpression of two auxiliary subunits, transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8 or cysteine knot AMPAR-modulating protein (CKAMP) 44a, and monitored dendritic receptor cycling in live-cell imaging experiments. Receptor surface delivery was assayed using a modified AMPA receptor subunit carrying the pH-dependent fluorophore superecliptic pHluorin (SEP-GluA1), which regains its fluorescence during receptor exocytosis, when transiting from the acidic lumen of transport organelles to the neutral extracellular medium. Strikingly, we observed a dramatic reduction in the spontaneous fusion rate of AMPA receptor-containing organelles in neurons overexpressing either type of auxiliary subunit. An analysis of intracellular receptor distribution also revealed a decreased receptor pool in dendritic recycling endosomes, suggesting that incorporation of TARPγ-8 or CKAMP44a in receptor complexes generally diminishes cycling through the endosomal compartment. To directly analyze dendritic receptor turnover, we also generated a new reporter by N-terminal fusion of a self-labeling HaloTag to an AMPA receptor subunit (HaloTag-GluA1), which allows for selective, irreversible staining of surface receptors. Pulse chase-experiments with HaloTag-GluA1 indeed demonstrated that overexpression of TARPγ-8 or CKAMP44a reduces the constitutive internalization rate of surface receptors at extrasynaptic but not synaptic sites. Thus, our data point to a yet unrecognized regulatory function of TARPγ-8 and CKAMP44a, by which these structurally unrelated auxiliary subunits delay local recycling and increase surface lifetime of extrasynaptic AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Harb
- Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Vogel
- Institute for Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ali Shaib
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Becherer
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Mohrmann
- Institute for Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Pampaloni NP, Riva I, Carbone AL, Plested AJR. Slow AMPA receptors in hippocampal principal cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109496. [PMID: 34348150 PMCID: PMC8356020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptor ion channels, including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS. Previous work suggested that AMPA receptors produce a synaptic current with a millisecond duration. However, we find that about two-thirds of principal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region also express AMPA receptors with reduced desensitization that can stay active for half a second after repetitive stimuli. These slow AMPA receptors are expressed at about half of the synapses, with a flat spatial distribution. The increased charge transfer from slow AMPA receptors allows short-term potentiation from a postsynaptic locus and reliable triggering of action potentials. Biophysical and pharmacological observations imply slow AMPA receptors incorporate auxiliary proteins, and their activation lengthens miniature synaptic currents. These data indicate that AMPA receptors are a major source of synaptic diversity. Synapses harboring slow AMPA receptors could have unique roles in hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò P Pampaloni
- Molecular Neuroscience and Biophysics, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Riva
- Molecular Neuroscience and Biophysics, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna L Carbone
- Molecular Neuroscience and Biophysics, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew J R Plested
- Molecular Neuroscience and Biophysics, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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An S, Wang J, Zhang X, Duan Y, Xu Y, Lv J, Wang D, Zhang H, Richter-Levin G, Klavir O, Yu B, Cao X. αCaMKII in the lateral amygdala mediates PTSD-Like behaviors and NMDAR-Dependent LTD. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100359. [PMID: 34258335 PMCID: PMC8252123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that afflicts many individuals. However, its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we found PTSD susceptible mice exhibited significant up-regulation of alpha-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) in the lateral amygdala (LA). Consistently, increasing αCaMKII in the LA not only caused PTSD-like behaviors such as impaired fear extinction and anxiety-like behaviors, but also attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at thalamo-lateral amygdala (T-LA) synapses, and reduced GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization. Suppressing the elevated αCaMKII to normal levels completely rescued both PTSD-like behaviors and the impairments in LTD, GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation, and AMPAR internalization. Intriguingly, deficits in GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and AMPAR internalization were detected not only after impaired fear extinction, but also after attenuated LTD. Our results suggest that αCaMKII in the LA may be a potential molecular determinant of PTSD. We further demonstrate for the first time that GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and AMPAR internalization are molecular links between fear extinction and LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming An
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yiqiong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Junyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dasheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- “Sagol” Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Oded Klavir
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Psychopathology Division, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Corresponding author.
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Matsuda S, Yuzaki M. Subunit-dependent and subunit-independent rules of AMPA receptor trafficking during chemical long-term depression in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100949. [PMID: 34252460 PMCID: PMC8335659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory neurotransmission are believed to be the neuronal basis of learning and memory. Both processes are primarily mediated by neuronal activity–induced transport of postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). While AMPAR subunits and their specific phosphorylation sites mediate differential AMPAR trafficking, LTP and LTD could also occur in a subunit-independent manner. Thus, it remains unclear whether and how certain AMPAR subunits with phosphorylation sites are preferentially recruited to or removed from synapses during LTP and LTD. Using immunoblot and immunocytochemical analysis, we show that phosphomimetic mutations of the membrane-proximal region (MPR) in GluA1 AMPAR subunits affect the subunit-dependent endosomal transport of AMPARs during chemical LTD. AP-2 and AP-3, adaptor protein complexes necessary for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and late endosomal/lysosomal trafficking, respectively, are reported to be recruited to AMPARs by binding to the AMPAR auxiliary subunit, stargazin (STG), in an AMPAR subunit–independent manner. However, the association of AP-3, but not AP-2, with STG was indirectly inhibited by the phosphomimetic mutation in the MPR of GluA1. Thus, although AMPARs containing the phosphomimetic mutation at the MPR of GluA1 were endocytosed by a chemical LTD-inducing stimulus, they were quickly recycled back to the cell surface in hippocampal neurons. These results could explain how the phosphorylation status of GluA1-MPR plays a dominant role in subunit-independent STG-mediated AMPAR trafficking during LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (CNBE), The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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von Engelhardt J. Role of AMPA receptor desensitization in short term depression - lessons from retinogeniculate synapses. J Physiol 2021; 600:201-215. [PMID: 34197645 DOI: 10.1113/jp280878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive synapse activity induces various forms of short-term plasticity. The role of presynaptic mechanisms such as residual Ca2+ and vesicle depletion in short-term facilitation and short-term depression is well established. On the other hand, the contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms such as receptor desensitization and saturation to short-term plasticity is less well known and often ignored. In this review, I will describe short-term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses of relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to exemplify the synaptic properties that facilitate the contribution of AMPA receptor desensitization to short-term plasticity. These include high vesicle release probability, glutamate spillover and, importantly, slow recovery from desensitization of AMPA receptors. The latter is strongly regulated by the interaction of AMPA receptors with auxiliary proteins such as CKAMP44. Finally, I discuss the relevance of short-term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses for the processing of visual information by LGN relay neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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45
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Hoffman JL, Faccidomo S, Saunders BL, Taylor SM, Kim M, Hodge CW. Inhibition of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) containing transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein γ-8 with JNJ-55511118 shows preclinical efficacy in reducing chronic repetitive alcohol self-administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1424-1435. [PMID: 34086361 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prominent therapeutic indication for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is reduction in chronic repetitive alcohol use. Glutamate α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) regulate chronic alcohol self-administration in preclinical models. Recent evidence indicates that the expression and function of AMPARs require the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8). This study evaluated the preclinical efficacy of JNJ-55511118, a novel, selective, high-affinity inhibitor of TARP γ-8-bound AMPARs, in reducing chronic operant alcohol self-administration. METHODS Separate groups of male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 8/sex/group) were trained to lever press for sweetened alcohol (9% v/v + sucrose 2% w/v) or sucrose only (2% w/v) in operant conditioning chambers using an FR-4 schedule of reinforcement. After a 40-day baseline, JNJ-55511118 (0, 1, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered in randomized order 1 h before self-administration sessions. Parameters of operant behavior including response rate, total reinforcers, and head entries in the drinking troughs were computer recorded. RESULTS During baseline, responding to alcohol, but not sucrose, was greater in female than male mice. In male mice, both doses of JNJ-55511118 decreased multiple parameters of alcohol self-administration but did not reduce behavior-matched sucrose-only self-administration. JNJ-55511118 had no effect on sweetened alcohol or sucrose self-administration in female mice. Subsequent tests of motor function showed that the lowest effective dose of JNJ-55511118 (1 mg/kg) had no effect on open-field activity in male mice. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that TARP γ-8-bound AMPARs regulate a behavioral pathology associated with addiction. The preclinical efficacy of JNJ-55511118 in reducing alcohol self-administration in male mice suggests that inhibition of TARP γ-8-bound AMPARs is a novel and highly significant neural target for developing medications to treat AUD and other forms of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hoffman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sara Faccidomo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Briana L Saunders
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Taylor
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Kim
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clyde W Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hardt S, Tascio D, Passlick S, Timmermann A, Jabs R, Steinhäuser C, Seifert G. Auxiliary Subunits Control Function and Subcellular Distribution of AMPA Receptor Complexes in NG2 Glia of the Developing Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:669717. [PMID: 34177466 PMCID: PMC8222826 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.669717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic and axonal glutamatergic signaling to NG2 glia in white matter is critical for the cells' differentiation and activity dependent myelination. However, in gray matter the impact of neuron-to-NG2 glia signaling is still elusive, because most of these cells keep their non-myelinating phenotype throughout live. Early in postnatal development, hippocampal NG2 glia express AMPA receptors with a significant Ca2+ permeability allowing for plasticity of the neuron-glia synapses, but whether this property changes by adulthood is not known. Moreover, it is unclear whether NG2 glia express auxiliary transmembrane AMPA receptor related proteins (TARPs), which modify AMPA receptor properties, including their Ca2+ permeability. Through combined molecular and functional analyses, here we show that hippocampal NG2 glia abundantly express TARPs γ4, γ7, and γ8 as well as cornichon (CNIH)-2. TARP γ8 undergoes profound downregulation during development. Receptors of adult NG2 glia showed an increased sensitivity to blockers of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors, but this increase mainly concerned receptors located close to the soma. Evoked synaptic currents of NG2 glia were also sensitive to blockers of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors. The presence of AMPA receptors with varying Ca2+ permeability during postnatal maturation may be important for the cells' ability to sense and respond to local glutamatergic activity and for regulating process motility, differentiation, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hardt
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dario Tascio
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Timmermann
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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47
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Ramos-Vicente D, Grant SG, Bayés À. Metazoan evolution and diversity of glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108640. [PMID: 34116111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Proteins involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and chiefly glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits, play key roles in nervous system function. Thus, understanding their evolution and uncovering their diversity is essential to comprehend how nervous systems evolved, shaping cognitive function. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of these proteins across metazoans have revealed that their evolution is much more complex than what can be anticipated from vertebrate genomes. This is particularly true for ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), as their current classification into 6 classes (AMPA, Kainate, Delta, NMDA1, NMDA2 and NMDA3) would be largely incomplete. New work proposes a classification of iGluRs into 4 subfamilies that encompass 10 classes. Vertebrate AMPA, Kainate and Delta receptors would belong to one of these subfamilies, named AKDF, the NMDA subunits would constitute another subfamily and non-vertebrate iGluRs would be organised into the previously unreported Epsilon and Lambda subfamilies. Similarly, the animal evolution of metabotropic glutamate receptors has resulted in the formation of four classes of these receptors, instead of the three currently recognised. Here we review our current knowledge on the animal evolution of glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits. This article is part of the special issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - Orphan iGluRs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramos-Vicente
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seth Gn Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Peng SX, Wang YY, Zhang M, Zang YY, Wu D, Pei J, Li Y, Dai J, Guo X, Luo X, Zhang N, Yang JJ, Zhang C, Gao X, Liu N, Shi YS. SNP rs10420324 in the AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit TARP γ-8 regulates the susceptibility to antisocial personality disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11997. [PMID: 34099816 PMCID: PMC8184779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, the dysfunction of which leads to neuropsychiatric disorders. Synaptic function of AMPA receptors is tightly controlled by a protein group called transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). TARP γ-8 (also known as CACNG8) preferentially expresses in the hippocampus, cortex and subcortical regions that are critical for emotion generation indicating its association with psychiatric disorders. Here, we identified rs10420324 (T/G), a SNP located in the human CACNG8 gene, regulated reporter gene expression in vitro and TARP γ-8 expression in the human brain. A guanine at the locus (rs10420324G) suppressed transcription likely through modulation of a local G-quadruplex DNA structure. Consistent with these observations, the frequency of rs10420324G was higher in patients with anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) than in controls, indicating that rs10420324G in CACNG8 is more voluntary for ASPD. We then characterized the behavior of TARP γ-8 knockout and heterozygous mice and found that consistent with ASPD patients who often exhibit impulsivity, aggression, risk taking, irresponsibility and callousness, a decreased γ-8 expression in mice displayed similar behaviors. Furthermore, we found that a decrease in TARP γ-8 expression impaired synaptic AMPAR functions in layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region that inhibition leads to aggression, thus explaining, at least partially, the neuronal basis for the behavioral abnormality. Taken together, our study indicates that TARP γ-8 expression level is associated with ASPD, and that the TARP γ-8 knockout mouse is a valuable animal model for studying this psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Dan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Jingwen Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
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49
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Gugustea R, Jia Z. Genetic manipulations of AMPA glutamate receptors in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 194:108630. [PMID: 34089730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are the principal mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission and they are required for various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), which are key mechanisms of learning and memory. AMPARs are tetrameric complexes assembled from four subunits (GluA1-4), however, the lack of subunit-specific pharmacological tools has made the assessment of individual subunits difficult. The application of genetic techniques, particularly gene targeting, allows for precise manipulation and dissection of each subunit in the regulation of neuronal function and behaviour. In this review, we summarize studies using various mouse models with genetically altered AMPARs and focus on their roles in basal synaptic transmission, LTP, and LTD at the hippocampal CA1 synapse. These studies provide strong evidence that there are multiple forms of LTP and LTD at this synapse which can be induced by various induction protocols, and they are differentially regulated by different AMPAR subunits and domains. We conclude that it is necessary to delineate the mechanism of each of these forms of plasticity and their contribution to memory and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Gugustea
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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50
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Yu J, Rao P, Clark S, Mitra J, Ha T, Gouaux E. Hippocampal AMPA receptor assemblies and mechanism of allosteric inhibition. Nature 2021; 594:448-453. [PMID: 33981040 PMCID: PMC8270219 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AMPA-selective glutamate receptors mediate the transduction of signals between the neuronal circuits of the hippocampus1. The trafficking, localization, kinetics and pharmacology of AMPA receptors are tuned by an ensemble of auxiliary protein subunits, which are integral membrane proteins that associate with the receptor to yield bona fide receptor signalling complexes2. Thus far, extensive studies of recombinant AMPA receptor-auxiliary subunit complexes using engineered protein constructs have not been able to faithfully elucidate the molecular architecture of hippocampal AMPA receptor complexes. Here we obtain mouse hippocampal, calcium-impermeable AMPA receptor complexes using immunoaffinity purification and use single-molecule fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy experiments to elucidate three major AMPA receptor-auxiliary subunit complexes. The GluA1-GluA2, GluA1-GluA2-GluA3 and GluA2-GluA3 receptors are the predominant assemblies, with the auxiliary subunits TARP-γ8 and CNIH2-SynDIG4 non-stochastically positioned at the B'/D' and A'/C' positions, respectively. We further demonstrate how the receptor-TARP-γ8 stoichiometry explains the mechanism of and submaximal inhibition by a clinically relevant, brain-region-specific allosteric inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Prashant Rao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Clark
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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