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Marcucci L, Nogara L, Canato M, Germinario E, Raffaello A, Carraro M, Bernardi P, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S, Protasi F, Paolocci N, Reggiani C. Mitochondria can substitute for parvalbumin to lower cytosolic calcium levels in the murine fast skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14208. [PMID: 39077881 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM Parvalbumin (PV) is a primary calcium buffer in mouse fast skeletal muscle fibers. Previous work showed that PV ablation has a limited impact on cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyto) transients and contractile response, while it enhances mitochondrial density and mitochondrial matrix-free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]mito). Here, we aimed to quantitatively test the hypothesis that mitochondria act to compensate for PV deficiency. METHODS We determined the free Ca2+ redistribution during a 2 s 60 Hz tetanic stimulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, and mitochondria. Via a reaction-diffusion Ca2+ model, we quantitatively evaluated mitochondrial uptake and storage capacity requirements to compensate for PV lack and analyzed possible extracellular export. RESULTS [Ca2+]mito during tetanic stimulation is greater in knock-out (KO) (1362 ± 392 nM) than in wild-type (WT) (855 ± 392 nM), p < 0.05. Under the assumption of a non-linear intramitochondrial buffering, the model predicts an accumulation of 725 μmoles/L fiber (buffering ratio 1:11 000) in KO, much higher than in WT (137 μmoles/L fiber, ratio 1:4500). The required transport rate via mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) reaches 3 mM/s, compatible with available literature. TEM images of calcium entry units and Mn2+ quenching showed a greater capacity of store-operated calcium entry in KO compared to WT. However, levels of [Ca2+]cyto during tetanic stimulation were not modulated to variations of extracellular calcium. CONCLUSIONS The model-based analysis of experimentally determined calcium distribution during tetanic stimulation showed that mitochondria can act as a buffer to compensate for the lack of PV. This result contributes to a better understanding of mitochondria's role in modulating [Ca2+]cyto in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
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2
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Gaglianone RB, Launikonis BS. Muscle fibre mitochondrial [Ca 2+ ] dynamics during Ca 2+ waves in RYR1 gain-of-function mouse. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14098. [PMID: 38240476 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM A fraction of the Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) enters mitochondria to transiently increase its [Ca2+ ] ([Ca2+ ]mito ). This transient [Ca2+ ]mito increase may be important in the resynthesis of ATP and other processes. The resynthesis of ATP in the mitochondria generates heat that can lead to hypermetabolic reactions in muscle with ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) variants during the cyclic releasing of SR Ca2+ in the presence of a RyR1 agonist. We aimed to analyse whether the mitochondria of RYR1 variant muscle handles Ca2+ differently from healthy muscle. METHODS We used confocal microscopy to track mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca2+ with fluorescent dyes simultaneously during caffeine-induced Ca2+ waves in extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres from healthy mice and mice heterozygous (HET) for a malignant hyperthermia-causative RYR1 variant. RESULTS Mitochondrial Ca2+ -transient peaks trailed the peak of cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients by many seconds with [Ca2+ ]mito not increasing by more than 250 nM. A strong linear relationship between cytoplasmic Ca2+ and [Ca2+ ]mito amplitudes was observed in HET RYR1 KI fibres but not wild type (WT). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that [Ca2+ ]mito change within the nM range during SR Ca2+ release. HET fibre mitochondria are more sensitive to SR Ca2+ release flux than WT. This may indicate post-translation modification differences of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter between the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhayanna B Gaglianone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Dong L, Li X, Li A, Yi J, Zhou J. Isolation of Mitochondria from Murine Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2816:77-85. [PMID: 38977590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3902-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest tissues in human body. Besides enabling voluntary movements and maintaining body's metabolic homeostasis, skeletal muscle is also a target of many pathological conditions. Mitochondria occupy 10-15% volume of a muscle myofiber and regulate many cellular processes, which often determine the fate of the cell. Isolation of mitochondria from skeletal muscle provides opportunities for various multi-omics studies with a focus on mitochondria in biomedical research field. Here we describe a protocol to efficiently isolate mitochondria with high quality and purity from skeletal muscle of mice using Nycodenz density gradient ultracentrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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4
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Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:3-16. [PMID: 35351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is well established to increase mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle, a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Current understanding is that exercise initiates skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling via modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic and contractile stress pathways. These subtle changes in the cellular milieu are sensed by numerous transduction pathways that serve to initiate and coordinate an increase in mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. The result of these acute signaling events is the promotion of growth and assembly of mitochondria, coupled to a greater capacity for aerobic ATP provision in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the acute metabolic events induced by endurance exercise and the subsequent molecular pathways that sense this transient change in cellular homeostasis to drive mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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5
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Chang M, Cai Y, Gao Z, Chen X, Liu B, Zhang C, Yu W, Cao Q, Shen Y, Yao X, Chen X, Sun H. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: pathogenesis and promising therapies. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11796-x. [PMID: 37258941 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease, characterized by progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle that causes rapid loss of mobility. The failure in respiratory and cardiac muscles is the underlying cause of premature death in most patients with DMD. Mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin result in dystrophin deficiency, which is the underlying pathogenesis of DMD. Dystrophin-deficient myocytes are dysfunctional and vulnerable to injury, triggering a series of subsequent pathological changes. In this review, we detail the molecular mechanism of DMD, dystrophin deficiency-induced muscle cell damage (oxidative stress injury, dysregulated calcium homeostasis, and sarcolemma instability) and other cell damage and dysfunction (neuromuscular junction impairment and abnormal differentiation of muscle satellite). We also describe aberrant function of other cells and impaired muscle regeneration due to deterioration of the muscle microenvironment, and dystrophin deficiency-induced multiple organ dysfunction, while summarizing the recent advances in the treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Neurology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Research and Development Center for E-Learning, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100816, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a cell signaling hub: lessons from astrocyte function. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:63-75. [PMID: 36636961 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a heterogenous population of macroglial cells spread throughout the central nervous system with diverse functions, expression signatures, and intricate morphologies. Their subcellular compartments contain a distinct range of mitochondria, with functional microdomains exhibiting widespread activities, such as controlling local metabolism and Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ is an ion of utmost importance, both physiologically and pathologically, and participates in critical central nervous system processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuron-astrocyte integration, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial physiology and metabolism. The mitochondrial Ca2+ handling system is formed by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUc), which mediates Ca2+ influx, and the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), responsible for most mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux, as well as additional components, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). Over the last decades, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling has been shown to be key for brain homeostasis, acting centrally in physiopathological processes such as astrogliosis, astrocyte-neuron activity integration, energy metabolism control, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the mitochondrial Ca2+ handling system molecular composition, highlighting its impact on astrocytic homeostasis.
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7
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Mira RG, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Mitochondrial Calcium Overload and Triggers the Upregulation of NCLX in the Hippocampus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020403. [PMID: 36829963 PMCID: PMC9952386 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage due to external forces. Mild TBI (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI, and repeated mTBI is a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases. Several mechanisms of neuronal damage have been described in the cortex and hippocampus, including mitochondrial dysfunction. However, up until now, there have been no studies evaluating mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Here, we evaluated mitochondrial calcium dynamics in an mTBI model in mice using isolated hippocampal mitochondria for biochemical studies. We observed that 24 h after mTBI, there is a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in basal matrix calcium levels. These findings are accompanied by increased mitochondrial calcium efflux and no changes in mitochondrial calcium uptake. We also observed an increase in NCLX protein levels and calcium retention capacity. Our results suggest that under mTBI, the hippocampal cells respond by incrementing NCLX levels to restore mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G. Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Correspondence:
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8
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Gineste C, Youhanna S, Vorrink SU, Henriksson S, Hernández A, Cheng AJ, Chaillou T, Buttgereit A, Schneidereit D, Friedrich O, Hultenby K, Bruton JD, Ivarsson N, Sandblad L, Lauschke VM, Westerblad H. Enzymatically dissociated muscle fibers display rapid dedifferentiation and impaired mitochondrial calcium control. iScience 2022; 25:105654. [PMID: 36479146 PMCID: PMC9720020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells rapidly lose their physiological phenotype upon disruption of their extracellular matrix (ECM)-intracellular cytoskeleton interactions. By comparing adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers, isolated either by mechanical dissection or by collagenase-induced ECM digestion, we investigated acute effects of ECM disruption on cellular and mitochondrial morphology, transcriptomic signatures, and Ca2+ handling. RNA-sequencing showed striking differences in gene expression patterns between the two isolation methods with enzymatically dissociated fibers resembling myopathic phenotypes. Mitochondrial appearance was grossly similar in the two groups, but 3D electron microscopy revealed shorter and less branched mitochondria following enzymatic dissociation. Repeated contractions resulted in a prolonged mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in enzymatically dissociated fibers, which was partially prevented by cyclophilin inhibitors. Of importance, muscle fibers of mice with severe mitochondrial myopathy show pathognomonic mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation during repeated contractions and this accumulation was concealed with enzymatic dissociation, making this an ambiguous method in studies of native intracellular Ca2+ fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gineste
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine U. Vorrink
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Henriksson
- Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arthur J. Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Buttgereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joseph D. Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Senneff S, Lowery MM. Computational Model of the Effect of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:123. [PMID: 36114931 PMCID: PMC9482608 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has become well established that mitochondria not only regulate myoplasmic calcium in skeletal muscle, but also use that calcium to stimulate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While experimental approaches have allowed for imaging of mitochondrial calcium and membrane potentials in isolated fibers, capturing the role of mitochondria and the impact of mitochondrial impairments on excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) remains difficult to explore in intact muscle. Computational models have been widely used to examine the structure and function of skeletal muscle contraction; however, models of ECC to date lack communication between the myoplasm and mitochondria for regulating calcium and ATP during sustained contractions. To address this, a mathematical model of mitochondrial calcium handling and OXPHOS was integrated into a physiological model of ECC incorporating action potential propagation, calcium handling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the myoplasm, and crossbridge cycling. The model was used to examine the protective role of mitochondria during repeated stimulation and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on ECC resulting from progressive OXPHOS inhibition. Pathological myoplasmic calcium accumulation occurred through distinct mechanisms in the model in the case of either electron transport chain, F1F0 ATP synthase, or adenine nucleotide transporter impairments. To investigate the effect of each impairment on force, a model of calcium-stimulated apoptosis was utilized to capture dysfunction-induced reductions in muscle mass, driving whole muscle force loss. The model presented in this study can be used to examine the role of mitochondria in the regulation of calcium, ATP, and force generation during voluntary contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sageanne Senneff
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Madeleine M. Lowery
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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10
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Kittelberger JM, Franzini-Armstrong C, Boncompagni S. Ca2+ entry units in a superfast fish muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1036594. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1036594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, mounting evidence has demonstrated that a mechanism known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays a crucial role in sustaining skeletal muscle contractility by facilitating Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space during sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ depletion. We recently demonstrated that, in exercised fast-twitch muscle from mice, the incidence of Ca2+ entry units (CEUs), newly described intracellular junctions between dead-end longitudinal transverse tubular (T-tubule) extensions and stacks of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) flat cisternae, strictly correlate with both the capability of fibers to maintain contractions during fatigue and enhanced Ca2+ influx via SOCE. Here, we tested the broader relevance of this result across vertebrates by searching for the presence of CEUs in the vocal muscles of a teleost fish adapted for extended, high-frequency activity. Specifically, we examined active vs. inactive superfast sonic muscles of plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus). Interestingly, muscles from actively humming territorial males had a much higher incidence of CEU SR stacks relative to territorial males that were not actively vocalizing, strengthening the concept that assembly of these structures is dynamic and use-dependent, as recently described in exercised muscles from mice. Our results support the hypothesis that CEUs represent a conserved mechanism, across vertebrates, for enabling high levels of repetitive muscle activity, and also provide new insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying the unique properties of superfast midshipman sonic muscles.
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11
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Chen TH, Koh KY, Lin KMC, Chou CK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as an Underlying Cause of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12926. [PMID: 36361713 PMCID: PMC9653750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an important energy source in skeletal muscle. A main function of mitochondria is the generation of ATP for energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial defects or abnormalities can lead to muscle disease or multisystem disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by defective mitochondrial OXPHOS, mtDNA mutations, Ca2+ imbalances, mitochondrial-related proteins, mitochondrial chaperone proteins, and ultrastructural defects. In addition, an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, lysosomal dysfunction due to insufficient biosynthesis, and/or defects in mitophagy can result in mitochondrial damage. In this review, we explore the association between impaired mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for more research to determine the specific clinical benefits of mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Yean Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Kuang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Obesity Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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12
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Protasi F, Girolami B, Serano M, Pietrangelo L, Paolini C. Ablation of Calsequestrin-1, Ca 2+ unbalance, and susceptibility to heat stroke. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033300. [PMID: 36311237 PMCID: PMC9598425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ca2+ levels in adult skeletal muscle fibers are mainly controlled by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, a mechanism that translates action potentials in release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release channels, i.e. the ryanodine receptors type-1 (RyR1). Calsequestrin (Casq) is a protein that binds large amounts of Ca2+ in the lumen of the SR terminal cisternae, near sites of Ca2+ release. There is general agreement that Casq is not only important for the SR ability to store Ca2+, but also for modulating the opening probability of the RyR Ca2+ release channels. The initial studies: About 20 years ago we generated a mouse model lacking Casq1 (Casq1-null mice), the isoform predominantly expressed in adult fast twitch skeletal muscle. While the knockout was not lethal as expected, lack of Casq1 caused a striking remodeling of membranes of SR and of transverse tubules (TTs), and mitochondrial damage. Functionally, CASQ1-knockout resulted in reduced SR Ca2+ content, smaller Ca2+ transients, and severe SR depletion during repetitive stimulation. The myopathic phenotype of Casq1-null mice: After the initial studies, we discovered that Casq1-null mice were prone to sudden death when exposed to halogenated anaesthetics, heat and even strenuous exercise. These syndromes are similar to human malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and environmental-exertional heat stroke (HS). We learned that mechanisms underlying these syndromes involved excessive SR Ca2+ leak and excessive production of oxidative species: indeed, mortality and mitochondrial damage were significantly prevented by administration of antioxidants and reduction of oxidative stress. Though, how Casq1-null mice could survive without the most important SR Ca2+ binding protein was a puzzling issue that was not solved. Unravelling the mystery: The mystery was finally solved in 2020, when we discovered that in Casq1-null mice the SR undergoes adaptations that result in constitutively active store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is a mechanism that allows skeletal fibers to use external Ca2+ when SR stores are depleted. The post-natal compensatory mechanism that allows Casq1-null mice to survive involves the assembly of new SR-TT junctions (named Ca2+ entry units) containing Stim1 and Orai1, the two proteins that mediate SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Girolami
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Serano
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cecilia Paolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Reggiani C, Marcucci L. A controversial issue: Can mitochondria modulate cytosolic calcium and contraction of skeletal muscle fibers? J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202213167. [PMID: 35849108 PMCID: PMC9297197 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are characterized by a high capacity to accumulate calcium thanks to the electrochemical gradient created by the extrusion of protons in the respiratory chain. Thereby calcium can enter crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane via MCU complex, a high-capacity, low-affinity transport mechanism. Calcium uptake serves numerous purposes, among them the regulation of three dehydrogenases of the citric cycle, apoptosis via permeability transition, and, in some cell types, modulation of cytosolic calcium transients. This Review is focused on mitochondrial calcium uptake in skeletal muscle fibers and aims to reanalyze its functional impact. In particular, we ask whether mitochondrial calcium uptake is relevant for the control of cytosolic calcium transients and therefore of contractile performance. Recent data suggest that this may be the case, at least in particular conditions, as modified expression of MCU complex subunits or of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and ablation of the main cytosolic calcium buffer, parvalbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
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Bolaños P, Calderón JC. Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle: Blending old and last-decade research. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989796. [PMID: 36117698 PMCID: PMC9478590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) in skeletal muscle refers to the Ca2+-mediated link between the membrane excitation and the mechanical contraction. The initiation and propagation of an action potential through the membranous system of the sarcolemma and the tubular network lead to the activation of the Ca2+-release units (CRU): tightly coupled dihydropyridine and ryanodine (RyR) receptors. The RyR gating allows a rapid, massive, and highly regulated release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The release from triadic places generates a sarcomeric gradient of Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) depending on the distance of a subcellular region from the CRU. Upon release, the diffusing Ca2+ has multiple fates: binds to troponin C thus activating the contractile machinery, binds to classical sarcoplasmic Ca2+ buffers such as parvalbumin, adenosine triphosphate and, experimentally, fluorescent dyes, enters the mitochondria and the SR, or is recycled through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanisms. To commemorate the 7th decade after being coined, we comprehensively and critically reviewed “old”, historical landmarks and well-established concepts, and blended them with recent advances to have a complete, quantitative-focused landscape of the ECC. We discuss the: 1) elucidation of the CRU structures at near-atomic resolution and its implications for functional coupling; 2) reliable quantification of peak sarcoplasmic [Ca2+] using fast, low affinity Ca2+ dyes and the relative contributions of the Ca2+-binding mechanisms to the whole concert of Ca2+ fluxes inside the fibre; 3) articulation of this novel quantitative information with the unveiled structural details of the molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ handing to understand how and how much Ca2+ enters the mitochondria; 4) presence of the SOCE machinery and its different modes of activation, which awaits understanding of its magnitude and relevance in situ; 5) pharmacology of the ECC, and 6) emerging topics such as the use and potential applications of super-resolution and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in ECC. Blending the old with the new works better!
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Bolaños
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan C. Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Calderón,
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Serano M, Pietrangelo L, Paolini C, Guarnier FA, Protasi F. Oxygen Consumption and Basal Metabolic Rate as Markers of Susceptibility to Malignant Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke. Cells 2022; 11:2468. [PMID: 36010545 PMCID: PMC9406760 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin 1 (CASQ1) and Ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) are two of the main players in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. CASQ1-knockout mice and mice carrying a mutation in RYR1 (Y522S) linked to human malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) both suffer lethal hypermetabolic episodes when exposed to halothane (MHS crises) and to environmental heat (heat stroke, HS). The phenotype of Y522S is more severe than that of CASQ1-null mice. As MHS and HS are hypermetabolic responses, we studied the metabolism of adult CASQ1-null and Y522S mice using wild-type (WT) mice as controls. We found that CASQ1-null and Y522S mice have increased food consumption and higher core temperature at rest. By indirect calorimetry, we then verified that CASQ1-null and Y522S mice show an increased oxygen consumption and a lower respiratory quotient (RQ). The accelerated metabolism of CASQ1-null and Y522S mice was also accompanied with a reduction in body fat. Moreover, both mouse models displayed increased oxygen consumption and a higher core temperature during heat stress. The results collected suggest that metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and body temperature at rest, all more elevated in Y522S than in CASQ1-null mice, could possibly be used as predictors of the level of susceptibility to hyperthermic crises of mice (and possibly humans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Serano
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cecilia Paolini
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Flavia A. Guarnier
- Department of General Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Hirano M, Ando R, Shimozono S, Sugiyama M, Takeda N, Kurokawa H, Deguchi R, Endo K, Haga K, Takai-Todaka R, Inaura S, Matsumura Y, Hama H, Okada Y, Fujiwara T, Morimoto T, Katayama K, Miyawaki A. A highly photostable and bright green fluorescent protein. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1132-1142. [PMID: 35468954 PMCID: PMC9287174 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The low photostability of fluorescent proteins is a limiting factor in many applications of fluorescence microscopy. Here we present StayGold, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) derived from the jellyfish Cytaeis uchidae. StayGold is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any currently available fluorescent protein and has a cellular brightness similar to mNeonGreen. We used StayGold to image the dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with high spatiotemporal resolution over several minutes using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and observed substantially less photobleaching than with a GFP variant optimized for stability in the ER. Using StayGold fusions and SIM, we also imaged the dynamics of mitochondrial fusion and fission and mapped the viral spike proteins in fixed cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As StayGold is a dimer, we created a tandem dimer version that allowed us to observe the dynamics of microtubules and the excitatory post-synaptic density in neurons. StayGold will substantially reduce the limitations imposed by photobleaching, especially in live cell or volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hirano
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ando
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimozono
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugiyama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyo Takeda
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Tohoku University, Aomori, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurokawa
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Endo
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- Narita Elementary School, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Matsumura
- Safety Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Physics, UBI and WPI-IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Huang Z, Gao N, Zhang S, Xing J, Hou J. Investigating the toxically homogenous effects of three lanthanides on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109251. [PMID: 34861418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of rare earth elements (REEs) have been increasingly reported in the past decades and have raised concern about their environmental toxicities. However, the available data is insufficient to elucidate the toxic effects, mechanisms, and whether the toxicity across all REEs is uniform. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 and 25.6 mg/L Ln(NO3)3•6H2O to test the acute toxicity of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III). LC50 of the three lanthanides was compared to the extent of the impact on gene expression. We carried out the functionally grouped network-based transcriptome analysis using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to explore the molecular mechanisms. The acute toxicity test showed that LC50 of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III) were 2.53, 2.03, and 2.76 mg/L, respectively. Consistent with acute toxicity, Ce(III) caused a little more DEGs than La(III) and Nd(III). Some biological processes such as metabolism of xenobiotics, oocyte meiosis, steroid biosynthesis, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway were affected following exposure of all the three lanthanides. Ce(III) also induced changes in the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. The results indicated that the lethality is comparable, and the toxic patterns are similar across the three lanthanides. This study gives comparative research on the toxicities of three lanthanides to model organism zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianing Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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18
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Rincón OA, Milán AF, Calderón JC, Giraldo MA. Comprehensive Simulation of Ca 2+ Transients in the Continuum of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12378. [PMID: 34830262 PMCID: PMC8624975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mag-Fluo-4 has revealed differences in the kinetics of the Ca2+ transients of mammalian fiber types (I, IIA, IIX, and IIB). We simulated the changes in [Ca2+] through the sarcomere of these four fiber types, considering classical (troponin -Tn-, parvalbumin -Pv-, adenosine triphosphate -ATP-, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump -SERCA-, and dye) and new (mitochondria -MITO-, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger -NCX-, and store-operated calcium entry -SOCE-) Ca2+ binding sites, during single and tetanic stimulation. We found that during a single twitch, the sarcoplasmic peak [Ca2+] for fibers type IIB and IIX was around 16 µM, and for fibers type I and IIA reached 10-13 µM. The release rate in fibers type I, IIA, IIX, and IIB was 64.8, 153.6, 238.8, and 244.5 µM ms-1, respectively. Both the pattern of change and the peak concentrations of the Ca2+-bound species in the sarcoplasm (Tn, PV, ATP, and dye), the sarcolemma (NCX, SOCE), and the SR (SERCA) showed the order IIB ≥ IIX > IIA > I. The capacity of the NCX was 2.5, 1.3, 0.9, and 0.8% of the capacity of SERCA, for fibers type I, IIA, IIX, and IIB, respectively. MITO peak [Ca2+] ranged from 0.93 to 0.23 µM, in fibers type I and IIB, respectively, while intermediate values were obtained in fibers IIA and IIX. The latter numbers doubled during tetanic stimulation. In conclusion, we presented a comprehensive mathematical model of the excitation-contraction coupling that integrated most classical and novel Ca2+ handling mechanisms, overcoming the limitations of the fast- vs. slow-fibers dichotomy and the use of slow dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Rincón
- Biophysics Group, Institute of Physics, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Andrés F. Milán
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Marco A. Giraldo
- Biophysics Group, Institute of Physics, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
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19
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Iyer R, Franzini-Armstrong C. The location of InsP3 receptors in Purkinje cells of murine cerebellum does not supports a direct interaction in the transfer of calcium ions between ER and mitochondria. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31. [PMID: 34498451 PMCID: PMC8495361 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inositol-3-phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) of cerebellar Purkinje cells are located in abundant, large stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae. Using thin section electron microscopy, we identify very frequent associations of the ER stacks with mitochondria. The associations have two components: a single, close ER-mitochondria contact on one side to the stack, and multiple layers of ER cisternae decorated by IP3Rs receptors on the side away from the mitochondria. Due to their location in the stacks, IP3Rs are never in contact with the mitochondria, although they are in their vicinity. We conclude that transfer of Ca2+ between ER and mitochondria is not directly mediated by IP3Rs, but is based on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from the local cytoplasmic spikes during IP3Rs’ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Iyer
- Division of Cardiology, Children Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Clara Franzini-Armstrong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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20
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Qu Z, Liu A, Liu C, Tang Q, Zhan L, Xiao W, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhang S. Theaflavin Promotes Mitochondrial Abundance and Glucose Absorption in Myotubes by Activating the CaMKK2-AMPK Signal Axis via Calcium-Ion Influx. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8144-8159. [PMID: 34260232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drinking tea has been proven to have a positive biological effect in regulating human glucose and lipid metabolism and preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle (SkM) is responsible for 70% of the sugar metabolism in the human body, and its dysfunction is an important factor leading to the development of obesity, T2D, and muscle diseases. As one of the four known theaflavins (TFs) in black tea, the biological role of theaflavin (TF1) in regulating SkM metabolism has not been reported. In this study, mature myotubes induced by C2C12 cells in vitro were used as models. The results showed that TF1 (20 μM) promoted mitochondrial abundance and glucose absorption in myotubes by activating the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling axis via Ca2+ influx. Moreover, it promoted the expression of slow muscle fiber marker genes (Myh7, Myl2, Tnnt1, and Tnnc1) and PGC-1α/SIRT1, as well as enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of myotubes. In conclusion, this study preliminarily clarified the potential role of TF1 in regulating SkM glucose absorption as well as promoting SkM mitochondrial biosynthesis and slow muscle fiber formation. It has potential research and application values for the prevention/alleviation of SkM-related T2D and Ca2+-related skeletal muscle diseases through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Quanquan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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Michelucci A, Liang C, Protasi F, Dirksen RT. Altered Ca 2+ Handling and Oxidative Stress Underlie Mitochondrial Damage and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Aging and Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070424. [PMID: 34203260 PMCID: PMC8304741 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction relies on both high-fidelity calcium (Ca2+) signals and robust capacity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Ca2+ release units (CRUs) are highly organized junctions between the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the transverse tubule (T-tubule). CRUs provide the structural framework for rapid elevations in myoplasmic Ca2+ during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the process whereby depolarization of the T-tubule membrane triggers SR Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor-1 (RyR1) channels. Under conditions of local or global depletion of SR Ca2+ stores, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) provides an additional source of Ca2+ that originates from the extracellular space. In addition to Ca2+, skeletal muscle also requires ATP to both produce force and to replenish SR Ca2+ stores. Mitochondria are the principal intracellular organelles responsible for ATP production via aerobic respiration. This review provides a broad overview of the literature supporting a role for impaired Ca2+ handling, dysfunctional Ca2+-dependent production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and structural/functional alterations in CRUs and mitochondria in the loss of muscle mass, reduction in muscle contractility, and increase in muscle damage in sarcopenia and a wide range of muscle disorders including muscular dystrophy, rhabdomyolysis, central core disease, and disuse atrophy. Understanding the impact of these processes on normal muscle function will provide important insights into potential therapeutic targets designed to prevent or reverse muscle dysfunction during aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.); (R.T.D.)
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.); (R.T.D.)
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22
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Protasi F, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S. Improper Remodeling of Organelles Deputed to Ca 2+ Handling and Aerobic ATP Production Underlies Muscle Dysfunction in Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6195. [PMID: 34201319 PMCID: PMC8228829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper skeletal muscle function is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration and by efficient production of energy (ATP), which, in turn, depend on: (a) the release and re-uptake of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, which controls the contraction and relaxation of sarcomeres; (b) the uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix, which stimulates aerobic ATP production; and finally (c) the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a mechanism that is important to limit/delay muscle fatigue. Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling underlie many physio-pathological conditions, including dysfunction in ageing. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the importance of the proper architecture of organelles and membrane systems involved in the mechanisms introduced above for the correct skeletal muscle function. We reviewed the existing literature about EC coupling, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, SOCE and about the structural membranes and organelles deputed to those functions and finally, we summarized the data collected in different, but complementary, projects studying changes caused by denervation and ageing to the structure and positioning of those organelles: a. denervation of muscle fibers-an event that contributes, to some degree, to muscle loss in ageing (known as sarcopenia)-causes misplacement and damage: (i) of membrane structures involved in EC coupling (calcium release units, CRUs) and (ii) of the mitochondrial network; b. sedentary ageing causes partial disarray/damage of CRUs and of calcium entry units (CEUs, structures involved in SOCE) and loss/misplacement of mitochondria; c. functional electrical stimulation (FES) and regular exercise promote the rescue/maintenance of the proper architecture of CRUs, CEUs, and of mitochondria in both denervation and ageing. All these structural changes were accompanied by related functional changes, i.e., loss/decay in function caused by denervation and ageing, and improved function following FES or exercise. These data suggest that the integrity and proper disposition of intracellular organelles deputed to Ca2+ handling and aerobic generation of ATP is challenged by inactivity (or reduced activity); modifications in the architecture of these intracellular membrane systems may contribute to muscle dysfunction in ageing and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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23
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Stavsky A, Stoler O, Kostic M, Katoshevsky T, Assali EA, Savic I, Amitai Y, Prokisch H, Leiz S, Daumer-Haas C, Fleidervish I, Perocchi F, Gitler D, Sekler I. Aberrant activity of mitochondrial NCLX is linked to impaired synaptic transmission and is associated with mental retardation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:666. [PMID: 34079053 PMCID: PMC8172942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium dynamics control synaptic transmission. Calcium triggers synaptic vesicle fusion, determines release probability, modulates vesicle recycling, participates in long-term plasticity and regulates cellular metabolism. Mitochondria, the main source of cellular energy, serve as calcium signaling hubs. Mitochondrial calcium transients are primarily determined by the balance between calcium influx, mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), and calcium efflux through the sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger (NCLX). We identified a human recessive missense SLC8B1 variant that impairs NCLX activity and is associated with severe mental retardation. On this basis, we examined the effect of deleting NCLX in mice on mitochondrial and synaptic calcium homeostasis, synaptic activity, and plasticity. Neuronal mitochondria exhibited basal calcium overload, membrane depolarization, and a reduction in the amplitude and rate of calcium influx and efflux. We observed smaller cytoplasmic calcium transients in the presynaptic terminals of NCLX-KO neurons, leading to a lower probability of release and weaker transmission. In agreement, synaptic facilitation in NCLX-KO hippocampal slices was enhanced. Importantly, deletion of NCLX abolished long term potentiation of Schaffer collateral synapses. Our results show that NCLX controls presynaptic calcium transients that are crucial for defining synaptic strength as well as short- and long-term plasticity, key elements of learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stavsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Stoler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marko Kostic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Katoshevsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Essam A Assali
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivana Savic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Amitai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ilya Fleidervish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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24
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Kim H, Seong J. Fluorescent Protein-Based Autophagy Biosensors. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113019. [PMID: 34199451 PMCID: PMC8199620 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process of self-degradation for dysfunctional or unnecessary cytosolic constituents and organelles. Dysregulation of autophagy is thus involved in various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the complex process of autophagy, various biochemical, chemical assays, and imaging methods have been developed. Here we introduce various methods to study autophagy, in particular focusing on the review of designs, principles, and limitations of the fluorescent protein (FP)-based autophagy biosensors. Different physicochemical properties of FPs, such as pH-sensitivity, stability, brightness, spectral profile, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), are considered to design autophagy biosensors. These FP-based biosensors allow for sensitive detection and real-time monitoring of autophagy progression in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss future directions utilizing an optobiochemical strategy to investigate the in-depth mechanisms of autophagy. These cutting-edge technologies will further help us to develop the treatment strategies of autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
- Correspondence:
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25
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Milán AF, Rincón OA, Arango LB, Reutovich AA, Smith GL, Giraldo MA, Bou-Abdallah F, Calderón JC. Calibration of mammalian skeletal muscle Ca 2+ transients recorded with the fast Ca 2+ dye Mag-Fluo-4. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129939. [PMID: 34082059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mag-Fluo-4 is increasingly employed for studying Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle; however, the lack of information on the Ca2+-Mag-Fluo-4 reaction limits its wider usage. METHODS Fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments were performed to determine the binding stoichiometry (n) and thermodynamics (enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) changes), as well as the in vitro and in situ Kd of the Ca2+-Mag-Fluo-4 reaction. Rate constants (kon, koff), fluorescence maximum (Fmax), minimum (Fmin), and the dye compartmentalization were also estimated. Experiments in cells used enzymatically dissociated flexor digitorum brevis fibres of C57BL6, adult mice, loaded at room temperature for 8 min, with 6 μM Mag-Fluo-4, AM, and permeabilized with saponin or ionomycin. All measurements were done at 20 °C. RESULTS The in vitro fluorescence assays showed a binding stoichiometry of 0.5 for the Ca2+/Mag-Fluo-4 (n = 5) reaction. ITC results (n = 3) provided ΔH and ΔS values of 2.3 (0.7) kJ/mol and 97.8 (5.9) J/mol.K, respectively. The in situ Kd was 1.652 × 105μM2(n = 58 fibres, R2 = 0.99). With an Fmax of 150.9 (8.8) A.U. (n = 8), Fmin of 0.14 (0.1) A.U. (n = 10), and ΔF of Ca2+ transients of 8.4 (2.5) A.U. (n = 10), the sarcoplasmic [Ca2+]peak reached 22.5 (7.8) μM. Compartmentalized dye amounted to only 1.1 (0.7)% (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Two Mag-Fluo-4 molecules coalesce around one Ca2+ ion, in an entropy-driven, very low in situ affinity reaction, making it suitable to reliably track the kinetics of rapid muscle Ca2+ transients. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results may be relevant to the quantitative study of Ca2+ kinetics in many other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Milán
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Oscar A Rincón
- Biophysics Group, Institute of Physics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Leidy B Arango
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Aliaksandra A Reutovich
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Potsdam (SUNY Potsdam), New York, NY, USA
| | - Gideon L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Potsdam (SUNY Potsdam), New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco A Giraldo
- Biophysics Group, Institute of Physics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Fadi Bou-Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Potsdam (SUNY Potsdam), New York, NY, USA.
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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26
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Gherardi G, De Mario A, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium homeostasis orchestra plays its symphony: Skeletal muscle is the guest of honor. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:209-259. [PMID: 34253296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are placed in close proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the main intracellular Ca2+ store. During muscle activity, excitation of sarcolemma and of T-tubule triggers the release of Ca2+ from the SR initiating myofiber contraction. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ determines the opening of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), causing a robust increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+-dependent activation of TCA cycle enzymes increases the synthesis of ATP required for SERCA activity. Thus, Ca2+ is transported back into the SR and cytosolic [Ca2+] returns to resting levels eventually leading to muscle relaxation. In recent years, thanks to the molecular identification of MCU complex components, the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle has been uncovered. In this chapter, we will introduce the reader to a general overview of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. We will tackle the key molecular players and the cellular and pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. In the second part of the chapter, we will discuss novel findings on the physiological role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle. Finally, we will examine the involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review encompasses the main novelties regarding nonimmune mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, growing data support a role for endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress as a propagator of muscular damage, together with the release of interferon type I and reactive oxygen species in hypoxemic muscle fibers. Other studies evaluating the relationship between autophagy and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in IIM subtypes have shown increased TLR3 and TLR4 expression in fibers of IIM patients and colocalization with LC3, an autophagy marker, submitting autophagy as a likely player in IIM pathogenesis. Most novel evidences concern the potential role of denervation of the neuromuscular junction in IIM, possibly connected to hyperexpression of MHC-I, and trafficking of extracellular vesicles, which may represent a connection between nonimmune and immune-mediated mechanisms of muscle inflammation and damage. SUMMARY Nonimmune mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of IIM, likely cooperating with immune-mediated inflammation. Consistent data were released for ER stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia; in addition to, neuromuscular denervation and extracellular vesicles have been proposed as thoughtful links between muscle inflammation, damage and atrophy. Further understanding of nonimmune abnormalities and potential reversible pathways is needed to improve the management of IIM.
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28
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Ca 2+-mediated coupling between neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135899. [PMID: 33865940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The volitional movement of skeletal is controlled by the motor neuron at the site of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where the retrograde signals are also passed back from muscle to the motor neuron. As the normal function of muscle largely depends on mitochondria that determine the fate of a skeletal muscle myofiber, there must exist a fine-controlled functional coupling between NMJ and mitochondria in myofibers. This mini-review discusses recent publications that reveal how spatiotemporal profiles of intracellular free Ca2+ could couple mitochondrial function with the activity of NMJ in skeletal muscle myofibers.
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29
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Redolfi N, Greotti E, Zanetti G, Hochepied T, Fasolato C, Pendin D, Pozzan T. A New Transgenic Mouse Line for Imaging Mitochondrial Calcium Signals. FUNCTION 2021; 2:zqab012. [PMID: 35330679 PMCID: PMC8788866 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. Dysfunction in the organelle Ca2+ handling appears to be involved in several pathological conditions, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac failure and malignant transformation. In the past years, several targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have been developed to study Ca2+ dynamics inside mitochondria of living cells. Surprisingly, while there is a number of transgenic mice expressing different types of cytosolic GECIs, few examples are available expressing mitochondria-localized GECIs, and none of them exhibits adequate spatial resolution. Here we report the generation and characterization of a transgenic mouse line (hereafter called mt-Cam) for the controlled expression of a mitochondria-targeted, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Cameleon, 4mtD3cpv. To achieve this goal, we engineered the mouse ROSA26 genomic locus by inserting the optimized sequence of 4mtD3cpv, preceded by a loxP-STOP-loxP sequence. The probe can be readily expressed in a tissue-specific manner upon Cre recombinase-mediated excision, obtainable with a single cross. Upon ubiquitous Cre expression, the Cameleon is specifically localized in the mitochondrial matrix of cells in all the organs and tissues analyzed, from embryos to aged animals. Ca2+ imaging experiments performed in vitro and ex vivo in brain slices confirmed the functionality of the probe in isolated cells and live tissues. This new transgenic mouse line allows the study of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in different tissues with no invasive intervention (such as viral infection or electroporation), potentially allowing simple calibration of the fluorescent signals in terms of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
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30
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Kim HS, Kim JE, Hwangbo A, Akerboom J, Looger LL, Duncan R, Son H, Czymmek KJ, Kang S. Evaluation of multi-color genetically encoded Ca 2+ indicators in filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 149:103540. [PMID: 33607281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) enable long-term monitoring of cellular and subcellular dynamics of this second messenger in response to environmental and developmental cues without relying on exogenous dyes. Continued development and optimization in GECIs, combined with advances in gene manipulation, offer new opportunities for investigating the mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in fungi, ranging from documenting Ca2+ signatures under diverse conditions and genetic backgrounds to evaluating how changes in Ca2+ signature impact calcium-binding proteins and subsequent cellular changes. Here, we attempted to express multi-color (green, yellow, blue, cyan, and red) circularly permuted fluorescent protein (FP)-based Ca2+ indicators driven by multiple fungal promoters in Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum, and Neurospora crassa. Several variants were successfully expressed, with GCaMP5G driven by the Magnaporthe oryzae ribosomal protein 27 and F. verticillioides elongation factor-1α gene promoters being optimal for F. graminearum and F. oxysporum, respectively. Transformants expressing GCaMP5G were compared with those expressing YC3.60, a ratiometric Cameleon Ca2+ indicator. Wild-type and three Ca2+ signaling mutants of F. graminearum expressing GCaMP5G exhibited improved signal-to-noise and increased temporal and spatial resolution and are also more amenable to studies involving multiple FPs compared to strains expressing YC3.60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, United States
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Aram Hwangbo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jasper Akerboom
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Randall Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, United States.
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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31
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Li A, Yi J, Li X, Zhou J. Physiological Ca 2+ Transients Versus Pathological Steady-State Ca 2+ Elevation, Who Flips the ROS Coin in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595800. [PMID: 33192612 PMCID: PMC7642813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are both the primary provider of ATP and the pivotal regulator of cell death, which are essential for physiological muscle activities. Ca2+ plays a multifaceted role in mitochondrial function. During muscle contraction, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria activates multiple enzymes related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in increased ATP synthesis to meet the energy demand. Pathophysiological conditions such as skeletal muscle denervation or unloading also lead to elevated Ca2+ levels inside mitochondria. However, the outcomes of this steady-state elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ level include exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sensitized opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), induction of programmed cell death, and ultimately muscle atrophy. Previously, both acute and long-term endurance exercises have been reported to activate certain signaling pathways to counteract ROS production. Meanwhile, electrical stimulation is known to help prevent apoptosis and alleviate muscle atrophy in denervated animal models and patients with motor impairment. There are various mechanistic studies that focus on the excitation-transcription coupling framework to understand the beneficial role of exercise and electrical stimulation. Interestingly, a recent study has revealed an unexpected role of rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transients in keeping mPTP at a closed state with reduced mitochondrial ROS production. This discovery motivated us to contribute this review article to inspire further discussion about the potential mechanisms underlying differential outcomes of physiological mitochondrial Ca2+ transients and pathological mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation in skeletal muscle ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Debattisti V, Horn A, Singh R, Seifert EL, Hogarth MW, Mazala DA, Huang KT, Horvath R, Jaiswal JK, Hajnóczky G. Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake and Sarcolemma Repair Underlie Muscle Weakness and Wasting in Patients and Mice Lacking MICU1. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1274-1286.e6. [PMID: 31665639 PMCID: PMC7007691 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function is regulated by Ca2+, which mediates excitation-contraction coupling, energy metabolism, adaptation to exercise, and sarcolemmal repair. Several of these actions rely on Ca2+ delivery to the mitochondrial matrix via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, the pore of which is formed by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). MCU's gatekeeping and cooperative activation are controlled by MICU1. Loss-of-protein mutation in MICU1 causes a neuromuscular disease. To determine the mechanisms underlying the muscle impairments, we used MICU1 patient cells and skeletal muscle-specific MICU1 knockout mice. Both these models show a lower threshold for MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake. Lack of MICU1 is associated with impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during excitation-contraction, aerobic metabolism impairment, muscle weakness, fatigue, and myofiber damage during physical activity. MICU1 deficit compromises mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during sarcolemmal injury, which causes ineffective repair of the damaged myofibers. Thus, dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake hampers myofiber contractile function, likely through energy metabolism and membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Debattisti
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Horn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marshall W Hogarth
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Davi A Mazala
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kai Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ordureau A, Paulo JA, Zhang J, An H, Swatek KN, Cannon JR, Wan Q, Komander D, Harper JW. Global Landscape and Dynamics of Parkin and USP30-Dependent Ubiquitylomes in iNeurons during Mitophagic Signaling. Mol Cell 2020; 77:1124-1142.e10. [PMID: 32142685 PMCID: PMC7098486 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase Parkin, protein kinase PINK1, USP30 deubiquitylase, and p97 segregase function together to regulate turnover of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, but our mechanistic understanding in neurons is limited. Here, we combine induced neurons (iNeurons) derived from embryonic stem cells with quantitative proteomics to reveal the dynamics and specificity of Parkin-dependent ubiquitylation under endogenous expression conditions. Targets showing elevated ubiquitylation in USP30−/− iNeurons are concentrated in components of the mitochondrial translocon, and the ubiquitylation kinetics of the vast majority of Parkin targets are unaffected, correlating with a modest kinetic acceleration in accumulation of pS65-Ub and mitophagic flux upon mitochondrial depolarization without USP30. Basally, ubiquitylated translocon import substrates accumulate, suggesting a quality control function for USP30. p97 was dispensable for Parkin ligase activity in iNeurons. This work provides an unprecedented quantitative landscape of the Parkin-modified ubiquitylome in iNeurons and reveals the underlying specificity of central regulatory elements in the pathway. Global phospho and ubiquitylome analysis of PINK1-Parkin pathway in iNeurons Dynamics and specificity of Parkin-mediated ubiquitylation revealed in iNeurons p97-mediated MFN turnover not required for Parkin substrate “gating” in iNeurons USP30 acts primarily on translocon and supports import quality control in iNeurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heeseon An
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirby N Swatek
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Joe R Cannon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Katayama H, Hama H, Nagasawa K, Kurokawa H, Sugiyama M, Ando R, Funata M, Yoshida N, Homma M, Nishimura T, Takahashi M, Ishida Y, Hioki H, Tsujihata Y, Miyawaki A. Visualizing and Modulating Mitophagy for Therapeutic Studies of Neurodegeneration. Cell 2020; 181:1176-1187.e16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wahwah N, Kras KA, Roust LR, Katsanos CS. Subpopulation-specific differences in skeletal muscle mitochondria in humans with obesity: insights from studies employing acute nutritional and exercise stimuli. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E538-E553. [PMID: 31990577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria from skeletal muscle of humans with obesity often display alterations with respect to their morphology, proteome, biogenesis, and function. These changes in muscle mitochondria are considered to contribute to metabolic abnormalities observed in humans with obesity. Most of the evidence describing alterations in muscle mitochondria in humans with obesity, however, lacks reference to a specific subcellular location. This is despite data over the years showing differences in the morphology and function of subsarcolemmal (found near the plasma membrane) and intermyofibrillar (nested between the myofibrils) mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Recent studies reveal that impairments in mitochondrial function in obesity with respect to the subcellular location of the mitochondria in muscle are more readily evident following exposure of the skeletal muscle to physiological stimuli. In this review, we highlight the need to understand skeletal muscle mitochondria metabolism in obesity in a subpopulation-specific manner and in the presence of physiological stimuli that modify mitochondrial function in vivo. Experimental approaches employed under these conditions will allow for more precise characterization of impairments in skeletal muscle mitochondria and their implications in inducing metabolic dysfunction in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Wahwah
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Katon A Kras
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Lori R Roust
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Christos S Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Sztretye M, Singlár Z, Szabó L, Angyal Á, Balogh N, Vakilzadeh F, Szentesi P, Dienes B, Csernoch L. Improved Tetanic Force and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis by Astaxanthin Treatment in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020098. [PMID: 31979219 PMCID: PMC7070261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin (AX) a marine carotenoid is a powerful natural antioxidant which protects against oxidative stress and improves muscle performance. Retinol and its derivatives were described to affect lipid and energy metabolism. Up to date, the effects of AX and retinol on excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in skeletal muscle are poorly described. METHODS 18 C57Bl6 mice were divided into two groups: Control and AX supplemented in rodent chow for 4 weeks (AstaReal A1010). In vivo and in vitro force and intracellular calcium homeostasis was studied. In some experiments acute treatment with retinol was employed. RESULTS The voltage activation of calcium transients (V50) were investigated in single flexor digitorum brevis isolated fibers under patch clamp and no significant changes were found following AX supplementation. Retinol shifted V50 towards more positive values and decreased the peak F/F0 of the calcium transients. The amplitude of tetani in the extensor digitorum longus was significantly higher in AX than in control group. Lastly, the mitochondrial calcium uptake was found to be less prominent in AX. CONCLUSION AX supplementation increases in vitro tetanic force without affecting ECC and exerts a protecting effect on the mitochondria. Retinol treatment has an inhibitory effect on ECC in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Sztretye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Zoltán Singlár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Faranak Vakilzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.S.); (Z.S.); (L.S.); (Á.A.); (N.B.); (F.V.); (P.S.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255575; Fax: +36-52-255116
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium signaling in muscle cells: Homeostasis and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:197-264. [PMID: 32138900 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive, dynamic and heterogeneous membranous network that fulfills multiple homeostatic functions. Among them, it compartmentalizes, stores and releases calcium within the intracellular space. In the case of muscle cells, calcium released from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum in the vicinity of the contractile machinery induces cell contraction. Furthermore, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium also regulates gene transcription in the nucleus, energy metabolism in mitochondria and cytosolic signaling pathways. These diverse and overlapping processes require a highly complex fine-tuning that the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum provides by means of its numerous tubules and cisternae, specialized domains and contacts with other organelles. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum also possesses a rich calcium-handling machinery, functionally coupled to both contraction-inducing stimuli and the contractile apparatus. Such is the importance of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum for muscle cell physiology, that alterations in its structure, function or its calcium-handling machinery are intimately associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Cardiac hypertrophy, insulin resistance and arterial hypertension are age-related pathologies with a common mechanism at the muscle cell level: the accumulation of damaged proteins at the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum induces a stress response condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress, which impairs proper organelle function, ultimately leading to pathogenesis.
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Ca 2+ Channels Mediate Bidirectional Signaling between Sarcolemma and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Muscle Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010055. [PMID: 31878335 PMCID: PMC7016941 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle and myocardial cells present highly specialized structures; for example, the close interaction between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria—responsible for excitation-metabolism coupling—and the junction that connects the SR with T-tubules, critical for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. The mechanisms that underlie EC coupling in these two cell types, however, are fundamentally distinct. They involve the differential expression of Ca2+ channel subtypes: CaV1.1 and RyR1 (skeletal), vs. CaV1.2 and RyR2 (cardiac). The CaV channels transform action potentials into elevations of cytosolic Ca2+, by activating RyRs and thus promoting SR Ca2+ release. The high levels of Ca2+, in turn, stimulate not only the contractile machinery but also the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). This forward signaling is reciprocally regulated by the following feedback mechanisms: Ca2+-dependent inactivation (of Ca2+ channels), the recruitment of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity, and oxidative changes in ion channels and transporters. Here, we summarize both well-established concepts and recent advances that have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this bidirectional signaling.
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Allosteric Regulation of NCLX by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Links the Metabolic State and Ca 2+ Signaling in Mitochondria. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3465-3475.e4. [PMID: 30566870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a key regulator of mitochondrial function under both normal and pathological conditions. The mechanisms linking metabolic activity to mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling remain elusive, however. Here, by monitoring mitochondrial Ca2+ transients while manipulating mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), we found that mild fluctuations in ΔΨm, which do not affect Ca2+ influx, are sufficient to strongly regulate NCLX, the major efflux pathway of Ca2+ from the mitochondria. Phosphorylation of NCLX or expression of phosphomimicking mutant (S258D) rescued NCLX activity from ΔΨm-driven allosteric inhibition. By screening ΔΨm sensitivity of NCLX mutants, we also identified amino acid residues that, through functional interaction with Ser258, control NCLX regulation. Finally, we find that glucose-driven ΔΨm changes in pancreatic β-cells control mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling primarily via NCLX regulation. Our results identify a feedback control between metabolic activity and mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and the "safety valve" NCLX phosphorylation that can rescue Ca2+ efflux in depolarized mitochondria.
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Brain activity regulates loose coupling between mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca 2+ transients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5277. [PMID: 31754099 PMCID: PMC6872662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]mito) dynamics plays vital roles in regulating fundamental cellular and organellar functions including bioenergetics. However, neuronal [Ca2+]mito dynamics in vivo and its regulation by brain activity are largely unknown. By performing two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the primary motor (M1) and visual cortexes (V1) of awake behaving mice, we find that discrete [Ca2+]mito transients occur synchronously over somatic and dendritic mitochondrial network, and couple with cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyto) transients in a probabilistic, rather than deterministic manner. The amplitude, duration, and frequency of [Ca2+]cyto transients constitute important determinants of the coupling, and the coupling fidelity is greatly increased during treadmill running (in M1 neurons) and visual stimulation (in V1 neurons). Moreover, Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II is mechanistically involved in modulating the dynamic coupling process. Thus, activity-dependent dynamic [Ca2+]mito-to-[Ca2+]cyto coupling affords an important mechanism whereby [Ca2+]mito decodes brain activity for the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics to meet fluctuating neuronal energy demands as well as for neuronal information processing.
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Vicente M, Salgado-Almario J, Soriano J, Burgos M, Domingo B, Llopis J. Visualization of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signals in Skeletal Muscle of Zebrafish Embryos with Bioluminescent Indicators. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215409. [PMID: 31671636 PMCID: PMC6862566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are believed to play an important role in shaping the intracellular Ca2+ transients during skeletal muscle contraction. There is discussion about whether mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ dynamics always mirror the cytoplasmic changes and whether this happens in vivo in whole organisms. In this study, we characterized cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals during spontaneous skeletal muscle contractions in zebrafish embryos expressing bioluminescent GFP-aequorin (GA, cytoplasm) and mitoGFP-aequorin (mitoGA, trapped in the mitochondrial matrix). The Ca2+ transients measured with GA and mitoGA reflected contractions of the trunk observed by transmitted light. The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP and the inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), DS16570511, abolished mitochondrial Ca2+ transients whereas they increased the frequency of cytosolic Ca2+ transients and muscle contractions, confirming the subcellular localization of mitoGA. Mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics were also determined with mitoGA and were found to follow closely cytoplasmic changes, with a slower decay. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ kinetics and propagation along the trunk and tail were characterized with GA and with the genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Twitch-4. Although fluorescence provided a better spatio-temporal resolution, GA was able to resolve the same kinetic parameters while allowing continuous measurements for hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Jussep Salgado-Almario
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Soriano
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Domingo
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Juan Llopis
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
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Canato M, Capitanio P, Cancellara L, Leanza L, Raffaello A, Reane DV, Marcucci L, Michelucci A, Protasi F, Reggiani C. Excessive Accumulation of Ca 2 + in Mitochondria of Y522S-RYR1 Knock-in Mice: A Link Between Leak From the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Altered Redox State. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1142. [PMID: 31607937 PMCID: PMC6755340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice (Y522S or YS), carrying a mutation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle fibers (ryanodine receptor type-1, RyR1) which causes Ca2+ leak, are a widely accepted and intensively studied model for human malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility. Since the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of mitochondria in MH crisis has been previously debated, here we sought to determine Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria and its possible link with ROS production in single fibers isolated from flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) of YS mice. We found that Ca2+ concentration in the mitochondrial matrix, as detected with the ratiometric FRET-based 4mtD3cpv probe, was higher in YS than in wild-type (WT) fibers at rest and after Ca2+ release from SR during repetitive electrical stimulation or caffeine administration. Also mitochondrial ROS production associated with contractile activity (detected with Mitosox probe) was much higher in YS fibers than in WT. Importantly, the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake achieved by silencing MCU reduced ROS accumulation in the matrix and Ca2+ release from SR. Finally, inhibition of mitochondrial ROS accumulation using Mitotempo reduced SR Ca2+ release in YS fibers exposed to caffeine. The present results support the view that mitochondria take up larger amounts of Ca2+ in YS than in WT fibers and that mitochondrial ROS production substantially contributes to the increased caffeine-sensitivity and to the enhanced Ca2+ release from SR in YS fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lina Cancellara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Vecellio Reane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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Abstract
Vitamin D receptor expression and associated function have been reported in various muscle models, including C2C12, L6 cell lines and primary human skeletal muscle cells. It is believed that 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, has a direct regulatory role in skeletal muscle function, where it participates in myogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of protein synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism through activation of various cellular signalling cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway(s). It has also been suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 and its associated receptor have genomic targets, resulting in regulation of gene expression, as well as non-genomic functions that can alter cellular behaviour through binding and modification of targets not directly associated with transcriptional regulation. The molecular mechanisms of vitamin D signalling, however, have not been fully clarified. Vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency is associated with muscle fibre atrophy, increased risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain, sarcopenia and associated falls, and may also decrease RMR. The main purpose of the present review is to describe the molecular role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle tissue function and metabolism, specifically in relation to proliferation, differentiation and protein synthesis processes. In addition, the present review also includes discussion of possible genomic and non-genomic pathways of vitamin D action.
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44
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DRP1-mediated mitochondrial shape controls calcium homeostasis and muscle mass. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2576. [PMID: 31189900 PMCID: PMC6561930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is essential in highly structured cells such as neurons and muscles. In skeletal muscle the mitochondrial fission proteins are reduced in different physiopathological conditions including ageing sarcopenia, cancer cachexia and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting. However, whether mitochondrial fission is essential for muscle homeostasis is still unclear. Here we show that muscle-specific loss of the pro-fission dynamin related protein (DRP) 1 induces muscle wasting and weakness. Constitutive Drp1 ablation in muscles reduces growth and causes animal death while inducible deletion results in atrophy and degeneration. Drp1 deficient mitochondria are morphologically bigger and functionally abnormal. The dysfunctional mitochondria signals to the nucleus to induce the ubiquitin-proteasome system and an Unfolded Protein Response while the change of mitochondrial volume results in an increase of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and myofiber death. Our findings reveal that morphology of mitochondrial network is critical for several biological processes that control nuclear programs and Ca2+ handling.
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45
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Vaz Martins T, Livina VN. What Drives Symbiotic Calcium Signalling in Legumes? Insights and Challenges of Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092245. [PMID: 31067698 PMCID: PMC6539980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the contribution of bioimaging in building a coherent understanding of Ca 2 + signalling during legume-bacteria symbiosis. Currently, two different calcium signals are believed to control key steps of the symbiosis: a Ca 2 + gradient at the tip of the legume root hair is involved in the development of an infection thread, while nuclear Ca 2 + oscillations, the hallmark signal of this symbiosis, control the formation of the root nodule, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Additionally, different Ca 2 + spiking signatures have been associated with specific infection stages. Bioimaging is intrinsically a cross-disciplinary area that requires integration of image recording, processing and analysis. We used experimental examples to critically evaluate previously-established conclusions and draw attention to challenges caused by the varying nature of the signal-to-noise ratio in live imaging. We hypothesise that nuclear Ca 2 + spiking is a wide-range signal involving the entire root hair and that the Ca 2 + signature may be related to cytoplasmic streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vaz Martins
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Valerie N Livina
- Data Science Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
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46
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Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ. Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:825-839. [PMID: 30830277 PMCID: PMC6422984 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides a current perspective on the mechanism of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function with the emphasis on oxidative stress, muscle anabolic state and muscle energy metabolism. It focuses on several aspects related to cellular and molecular physiology such as VDR as the trigger point of vitamin D action, oxidative stress as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency. METHOD The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and mitochondrial function as well as skeletal muscle atrophy signalling pathways have been studied and clarified in the last years. To the best of our knowledge, we summarize key knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding the mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D in skeletal muscle. RESULT Vitamin D deficiency is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle that influences the mitochondrial function and affects the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. Namely, vitamin D deficiency decreases oxygen consumption rate and induces disruption of mitochondrial function. These deleterious consequences on muscle may be associated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) action. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. The possible signalling pathway triggering the expression of Atrogin-1 involves Src-ERK1/2-Akt- FOXO causing protein degradation. CONCLUSION Based on the current knowledge we propose that vitamin D deficiency results from the loss of VDR function and it could be partly responsible for the development of neurodegenerative diseases in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Patrycja Dzik
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
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47
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Zhou J, Li A, Li X, Yi J. Dysregulated mitochondrial Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in skeletal muscle of ALS mouse model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:249-258. [PMID: 30682329 PMCID: PMC6506190 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron loss and prominent skeletal muscle wasting. Despite more than one hundred years of research efforts, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuromuscular degeneration in ALS remain elusive. While the death of motor neuron is a defining hallmark of ALS, accumulated evidences suggested that in addition to being a victim of motor neuron axonal withdrawal, the intrinsic skeletal muscle degeneration may also actively contribute to ALS disease pathogenesis and progression. Examination of spinal cord and muscle autopsy/biopsy samples of ALS patients revealed similar mitochondrial abnormalities in morphology, quantity and disposition, which are accompanied by defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and elevated oxidative stress. Detailing the molecular/cellular mechanisms and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS relies on ALS animal model studies. This review article discusses the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling revealed in live skeletal muscle derived from ALS mouse models, and a potential role of the vicious cycle formed between the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and excessive ROS production in promoting muscle wasting during ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhou
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Ang Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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48
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Skeletal muscle excitation-metabolism coupling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Ex Vivo Measurements of Ca 2+ Transients in Intracellular Compartments of Skeletal Muscle Fibers by Means of Genetically Encoded Probes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1925:103-109. [PMID: 30674020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9018-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for ex vivo measurements of Ca2+ transients in skeletal muscle fibers, both in the sarcoplasma and into the mitochondria. These measurements are based on the use of genetically encoded probes. Addition of targeting DNA sequences, in frame with the probe encoding sequence, ensures protein expression in specific compartments. The use of probes with different excitation spectra allows the simultaneous determination of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients in the same fiber. Probe encoding plasmids are expressed in flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles by means of the in vivo electroporation technique. Measurements are then performed ex vivo in isolated single myofibers.
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50
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Pietrangelo L, Michelucci A, Ambrogini P, Sartini S, Guarnier FA, Fusella A, Zamparo I, Mammucari C, Protasi F, Boncompagni S. Muscle activity prevents the uncoupling of mitochondria from Ca 2+ Release Units induced by ageing and disuse. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 663:22-33. [PMID: 30578752 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In fast-twitch fibers from adult mice Ca2+ release units (CRUs, i.e. intracellular junctions of excitation-contraction coupling), and mitochondria are structurally linked to each other by small strands, named tethers. We recently showed that aging causes separation of a fraction of mitochondria from CRUs and a consequent impairment of the Ca2+ signaling between the two organelles. However, whether the uncoupling of mitochondria from CRUs is the result of aging per-se or the consequence of reduced muscle activity remains still unclear. Here we studied the association between mitochondria and CRUs: in a) extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from 2 years old mice, either sedentary or trained for 1 year in wheel cages; and b) denervated EDL muscles from adult mice and rats. We analyzed muscle samples using a combination of structural (confocal and electron microscopy), biochemical (assessment of oxidative stress via western blot), and functional (ex-vivo contractile properties, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake) experimental procedures. The results collected in structural studies indicate that: a) ageing and denervation result in partial uncoupling between mitochondria and CRUs; b) exercise either maintains (in old mice) or restores (in transiently denervated rats) the association between the two organelles. Functional studies supported the hypothesis that CRU-mitochondria coupling is important for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, optimal force generation, and muscle performance. Taken together our results indicate that muscle activity maintains/improves proper association between CRUs and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pietrangelo
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d' Annunzio, I-66100, Italy.
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d' Annunzio, I-66100, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Patrizia Ambrogini
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Italy.
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Italy.
| | - Flavia A Guarnier
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d' Annunzio, I-66100, Italy.
| | - Aurora Fusella
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d' Annunzio, I-66100, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zamparo
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy.
| | | | - Feliciano Protasi
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DMSI - Dept. of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, I-66100, Italy.
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d' Annunzio, I-66100, Italy.
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