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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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2
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Moya-Alvarado G, Valero-Peña X, Aguirre-Soto A, Bustos FJ, Lazo OM, Bronfman FC. PLC-γ-Ca 2+ pathway regulates axonal TrkB endocytosis and is required for long-distance propagation of BDNF signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1009404. [PMID: 38660384 PMCID: PMC11040097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1009404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) are important signaling proteins that regulate dendritic growth and maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS). After binding of BDNF, TrkB is endocytosed into endosomes and continues signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axon. In previous studies, we showed that BDNF signaling initiated in axons triggers long-distance signaling, inducing dendritic arborization in a CREB-dependent manner in cell bodies, processes that depend on axonal dynein and TrkB activities. The binding of BDNF to TrkB triggers the activation of different signaling pathways, including the ERK, PLC-γ and PI3K-mTOR pathways, to induce dendritic growth and synaptic plasticity. How TrkB downstream pathways regulate long-distance signaling is unclear. Here, we studied the role of PLC-γ-Ca2+ in BDNF-induced long-distance signaling using compartmentalized microfluidic cultures. We found that dendritic branching and CREB phosphorylation induced by axonal BDNF stimulation require the activation of PLC-γ in the axons of cortical neurons. Locally, in axons, BDNF increases PLC-γ phosphorylation and induces intracellular Ca2+ waves in a PLC-γ-dependent manner. In parallel, we observed that BDNF-containing signaling endosomes transport to the cell body was dependent on PLC-γ activity and intracellular Ca2+ stores. Furthermore, the activity of PLC-γ is required for BDNF-dependent TrkB endocytosis, suggesting a role for the TrkB/PLC-γ signaling pathway in axonal signaling endosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (UC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Valero-Peña
- NeuroSignaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Aguirre-Soto
- NeuroSignaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando J. Bustos
- Constantin-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar M. Lazo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- NeuroSignaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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3
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DeVault L, Mateusiak C, Palucki J, Brent M, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. The response of Dual-leucine zipper kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: Evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300539. [PMID: 38574058 PMCID: PMC10994325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling. Activation of DLK signaling results in a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature, which we identify through RNA-seq. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes. We identify alterations to the cytoskeleton including actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeVault
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chase Mateusiak
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - John Palucki
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael Brent
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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4
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Tarasiuk O, Molteni L, Malacrida A, Nicolini G. The Role of NMNAT2/SARM1 in Neuropathy Development. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:61. [PMID: 38275737 PMCID: PMC10813049 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) commonly arises as a side effect of diverse cancer chemotherapy treatments. This condition presents symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and altered sensation in patients, often accompanied by neuropathic pain. Pathologically, CIPN is characterized by an intensive "dying-back" axonopathy, starting at the intra-epidermal sensory innervations and advancing retrogradely. The lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its underlying mechanisms explains the absence of effective treatments for CIPN. Recent investigations into axon degeneration mechanisms have pinpointed nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) and sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) as pivotal mediators of injury-induced axonal degeneration. In this review, we aim to explore various studies shedding light on the interplay between NMNAT2 and SARM1 proteins and their roles in the progression of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tarasiuk
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
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5
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Godieva V, Sammoura F, Verrier Paz S, Han Y, Di Guida V, Rishel MJ, Richardson JR, Chambers JW. Physiological JNK3 Concentrations Are Higher in Motor-related and Disease-implicated Brain Regions of C57BL6/J Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.575386. [PMID: 38293240 PMCID: PMC10827194 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.575386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is a stress-responsive protein kinase primarily expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). JNK3 exhibits nuanced neurological activities, such as roles in behavior, circadian rhythms, and neurotransmission, but JNK3 is also implicated in cell death and neurodegeneration. Despite the critical role of JNK3 in neurophysiology and pathology, its localization in the brain is not fully understood due to a paucity of tools to distinguish JNK3 from other isoforms. While previous functional and histological studies suggest locales for JNK3 in the CNS, a comprehensive and higher resolution of JNK3 distribution and abundance remained elusive. Here, we sought to define the anatomical and cellular distribution of JNK3 in adult mouse brains. Data reveal the highest levels of JNK3 and pJNK3 were found in the cortex and the hippocampus. JNK3 possessed neuron-type selectivity as JNK3 was present in GABAergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, but was not detectable in VGLUT-1-positive glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes in vivo . Intriguingly, higher JNK3 signals were found in motor neurons and relevant nuclei in the cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. While JNK3 was primarily observed in the cytosol of neurons in the cortex and the hippocampus, JNK3 appeared commonly within the nucleus in the brainstem. These distinctions suggest the potential for significant differences between JNK3 actions in distinct brain regions and cell types. Our results provide a significant improvement over previous reports of JNK3 spatial organization in the adult CNS and support continued investigation of JNK3's role in neurophysiology and pathophysiology.
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6
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Cason SE, Holzbaur EL. Axonal transport of autophagosomes is regulated by dynein activators JIP3/JIP4 and ARF/RAB GTPases. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202301084. [PMID: 37909920 PMCID: PMC10620608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal autophagosomes form and engulf cargos at presynaptic sites in the axon and are then transported to the soma to recycle their cargo. Autophagic vacuoles (AVs) mature en route via fusion with lysosomes to become degradatively competent organelles; transport is driven by the microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein, with motor activity regulated by a sequential series of adaptors. Using lysate-based single-molecule motility assays and live-cell imaging in primary neurons, we show that JNK-interacting proteins 3 (JIP3) and 4 (JIP4) are activating adaptors for dynein that are regulated on autophagosomes and lysosomes by the small GTPases ARF6 and RAB10. GTP-bound ARF6 promotes formation of the JIP3/4-dynein-dynactin complex. Either knockdown or overexpression of RAB10 stalls transport, suggesting that this GTPase is also required to coordinate the opposing activities of bound dynein and kinesin motors. These findings highlight the complex coordination of motor regulation during organelle transport in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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DeVault L, Mateusiak C, Palucki J, Brent M, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. The response of Dual-Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561227. [PMID: 37873434 PMCID: PMC10592635 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that a) low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling and b) DLK signaling mitigates the microtubule damage caused by the cytoskeletal perturbation. We also perform RNA-seq to discover a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes and promoting actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
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8
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Andres-Alonso M, Grochowska KM, Gundelfinger ED, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. Protein transport from pre- and postsynapse to the nucleus: Mechanisms and functional implications. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103854. [PMID: 37084990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The extreme length of neuronal processes poses a challenge for synapse-to-nucleus communication. In response to this challenge several different mechanisms have evolved in neurons to couple synaptic activity to the regulation of gene expression. One of these mechanisms concerns the long-distance transport of proteins from pre- and postsynaptic sites to the nucleus. In this review we summarize current evidence on mechanisms of transport and consequences of nuclear import of these proteins for gene transcription. In addition, we discuss how information from pre- and postsynaptic sites might be relayed to the nucleus by this type of long-distance signaling. When applicable, we highlight how long-distance protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus can provide insight into the pathophysiology of disease or reveal new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andres-Alonso
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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9
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Krzystek TJ, White JA, Rathnayake R, Thurston L, Hoffmar-Glennon H, Li Y, Gunawardena S. HTT (huntingtin) and RAB7 co-migrate retrogradely on a signaling LAMP1-containing late endosome during axonal injury. Autophagy 2023; 19:1199-1220. [PMID: 36048753 PMCID: PMC10012955 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS Atg5: Autophagy-related 5; Atg8a: Autophagy-related 8a; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; BAF1: bafilomycin A1; BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; Cyt-c-p: Cytochrome c proximal; CQ: chloroquine; DCTN1: dynactin 1; Dhc: dynein heavy chain; EE: early endosome; DYNC1I1: dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 1; HD: Huntington disease; HIP1/Hip1: huntingtin interacting protein 1; HTT/htt: huntingtin; iNeuron: iPSC-derived human neurons; IP: immunoprecipitation; Khc: kinesin heavy chain; KIF5C: kinesin family member 5C; LAMP1/Lamp1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LE: late endosome; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K12/DLK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; MAPK8/JNK/bsk: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/basket; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; NGF: nerve growth factor; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; NTRK1/TRKA: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1; NRTK2/TRKB: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2; nuf: nuclear fallout; PG: phagophore; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; puc: puckered; ref(2)P: refractory to sigma P; Rilpl: Rab interacting lysosomal protein like; Rip11: Rab11 interacting protein; RTN1: reticulon 1; syd: sunday driver; SYP: synaptophysin; SYT1/Syt1: synaptotagmin 1; STX17/Syx17: syntaxin 17; tkv: thickveins; VF: vesicle fraction; wit: wishful thinking; wnd: wallenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Krzystek
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A. White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rasika Rathnayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Layne Thurston
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hayley Hoffmar-Glennon
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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10
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Cason SE, Holzbaur EL. Axonal transport of autophagosomes is regulated by dynein activators JIP3/JIP4 and ARF/RAB GTPases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.526044. [PMID: 36747648 PMCID: PMC9901177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal autophagosomes, "self-eating" degradative organelles, form at presynaptic sites in the distal axon and are transported to the soma to recycle their cargo. During transit, autophagic vacuoles (AVs) mature through fusion with lysosomes to acquire the enzymes necessary to breakdown their cargo. AV transport is driven primarily by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein in concert with dynactin and a series of activating adaptors that change depending on organelle maturation state. The transport of mature AVs is regulated by the scaffolding proteins JIP3 and JIP4, both of which activate dynein motility in vitro. AV transport is also regulated by ARF6 in a GTP-dependent fashion. While GTP-bound ARF6 promotes the formation of the JIP3/4-dynein-dynactin complex, RAB10 competes with the activity of this complex by increasing kinesin recruitment to axonal AVs and lysosomes. These interactions highlight the complex coordination of motors regulating organelle transport in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania
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11
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Yang X, Ma Z, Lian P, Xu Y, Cao X. Common mechanisms underlying axonal transport deficits in neurodegenerative diseases: a mini review. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1172197. [PMID: 37168679 PMCID: PMC10164940 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1172197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are characterized by the accumulation of pathogenic proteins and abnormal localization of organelles. These pathological features may be related to axonal transport deficits in neurons, which lead to failures in pathological protein targeting to specific sites for degradation and organelle transportation to designated areas needed for normal physiological functioning. Axonal transport deficits are most likely early pathological events in such diseases and gradually lead to the loss of axonal integrity and other degenerative changes. In this review, we investigated reports of mechanisms underlying the development of axonal transport deficits in a variety of common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease to provide new ideas for therapeutic targets that may be used early in the disease process. The mechanisms can be summarized as follows: (1) motor protein changes including expression levels and post-translational modification alteration; (2) changes in microtubules including reducing stability and disrupting tracks; (3) changes in cargoes including diminished binding to motor proteins. Future studies should determine which axonal transport defects are disease-specific and whether they are suitable therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Waller TJ, Collins CA. Multifaceted roles of SARM1 in axon degeneration and signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:958900. [PMID: 36090788 PMCID: PMC9453223 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.958900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are considered to be particularly vulnerable components of the nervous system; impairments to a neuron’s axon leads to an effective silencing of a neuron’s ability to communicate with other cells. Nervous systems have therefore evolved plasticity mechanisms for adapting to axonal damage. These include acute mechanisms that promote the degeneration and clearance of damaged axons and, in some cases, the initiation of new axonal growth and synapse formation to rebuild lost connections. Here we review how these diverse processes are influenced by the therapeutically targetable enzyme SARM1. SARM1 catalyzes the breakdown of NAD+, which, when unmitigated, can lead to rundown of this essential metabolite and axonal degeneration. SARM1’s enzymatic activity also triggers the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which manifest numerous functions for SARM1 in development, innate immunity and responses to injury. Here we will consider the multiple intersections between SARM1 and the injury signaling pathways that coordinate cellular adaptations to nervous system damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Waller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine A. Collins
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine A. Collins,
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13
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Francis V, Alshafie W, Kumar R, Girard M, Brais B, McPherson PS. The ARSACS disease protein sacsin controls lysosomal positioning and reformation by regulating microtubule dynamics. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102320. [PMID: 35933016 PMCID: PMC9437860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay is a fatal brain disorder featuring cerebellar neurodegeneration leading to spasticity and ataxia. This disease is caused by mutations in the SACS gene that encodes sacsin, a massive 4579-amino acid protein with multiple modular domains. However, molecular details of the function of sacsin are not clear. Here, using live cell imaging and biochemistry, we demonstrate that sacsin binds to microtubules and regulates microtubule dynamics. Loss of sacsin function in various cell types, including knockdown and KO primary neurons and patient fibroblasts, leads to alterations in lysosomal transport, positioning, function, and reformation following autophagy. Each of these phenotypic changes is consistent with altered microtubule dynamics. We further show the effects of sacsin are mediated at least in part through interactions with JIP3, an adapter for microtubule motors. These data reveal a new function for sacsin that explains its previously reported roles and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Girard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexually dimorphic transcriptional programs of early-phase response in regenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:958568. [PMID: 35983069 PMCID: PMC9378824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.958568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) reshapes the spatiotemporal gene expression landscape in response to nerve transection. The control of these molecular programs exhibits sexually dimorphic characteristics that remain not sufficiently characterized. In the present study, we recorded genome-wide and sex-dependent early-phase transcriptional changes in regenerating (proximal) sciatic nerve 24 h after axotomy. Male nerves exhibited more extensive transcriptional changes with male-dominant upregulation of cytoskeletal binding and structural protein genes. Regulation of mRNAs encoding ion and ionotropic neurotransmitter channels displayed prominent sexual dimorphism consistent with sex-specific mRNA axonal transport in an early-phase regenerative response. Protein kinases and axonal transport genes showed sexually dimorphic regulation. Genes encoding components of synaptic vesicles were at high baseline expression in females and showed post-injury induction selectively in males. Predictive bioinformatic analyses established patterns of sexually dimorphic regulation of neurotrophic and immune genes, including activation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Gfra1 receptor and immune checkpoint cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) potentially linked to X-chromosome encoded tissue inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinases 1 (Timp1). Regulatory networks involving Olig1, Pou3f3/Oct6, Myrf, and Myt1l transcription factors were linked to sex-dependent reprogramming in regenerating nerves. Differential expression patterns of non-coding RNAs motivate a model of sexually dimorphic nerve regenerative responses to injury determined by epigenetic factors. Combined with our findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG), unique early-phase sex-specific molecular triggers could enrich the mechanistic understanding of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrei V. Chernov,
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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15
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Celestino R, Gama JB, Castro-Rodrigues AF, Barbosa DJ, Rocha H, d’Amico EA, Musacchio A, Carvalho AX, Morais-Cabral JH, Gassmann R. JIP3 interacts with dynein and kinesin-1 to regulate bidirectional organelle transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213353. [PMID: 35829703 PMCID: PMC9284427 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase and motor scaffold JIP3 prevents excess lysosome accumulation in axons of vertebrates and invertebrates. How JIP3's interaction with dynein and kinesin-1 contributes to organelle clearance is unclear. We show that human dynein light intermediate chain (DLIC) binds the N-terminal RH1 domain of JIP3, its paralog JIP4, and the lysosomal adaptor RILP. A point mutation in RH1 abrogates DLIC binding without perturbing the interaction between JIP3's RH1 domain and kinesin heavy chain. Characterization of this separation-of-function mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that JIP3-bound dynein is required for organelle clearance in the anterior process of touch receptor neurons. Unlike JIP3 null mutants, JIP3 that cannot bind DLIC causes prominent accumulation of endo-lysosomal organelles at the neurite tip, which is rescued by a disease-associated point mutation in JIP3's leucine zipper that abrogates kinesin light chain binding. These results highlight that RH1 domains are interaction hubs for cytoskeletal motors and suggest that JIP3-bound dynein and kinesin-1 participate in bidirectional organelle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel J. Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Cooperative of Limited Liability (CRL), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Helder Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ennio A. d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João H. Morais-Cabral
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Correspondence to Reto Gassmann:
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16
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Li JT, Dong SQ, Zhu DQ, Yang WB, Qian T, Liu XN, Chen XJ. Expanding the Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum of Neuromuscular Diseases Caused by DYNC1H1 Mutations. Front Neurol 2022; 13:943324. [PMID: 35899263 PMCID: PMC9309508 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.943324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 1 (SMALED1) and Charcot–Marie-Tooth diseasetype 2O (CMT2O) are two kinds of hereditary neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. In this study, we reported two patients with SMALED1 caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype–phenotype correlations were further analyzed by systematically reviewing previous relevant publications. Materials and Methods Two patients' with SMALED1 and their parents' clinical data were collected, and detailed clinical examinations were performed. WES was then applied, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched, and all publications that met the inclusion criteria were carefully screened. Any individual patient without a detailed description of clinical phenotypes was excluded. Results The two patients manifested delayed motor milestones and muscle wasting of both lower extremities. The diagnosis was further confirmed as SMALED1. Genetic testing revealed heterozygous DYNC1H1 mutations c.1792C>T and c.790C>G; the latter is a novel dominant mutation. Genotype–phenotype analysis of DYNC1H1 variants and neuromuscular diseases revealed that mutations in the DYN1 region of DYNC1H1 protein were associated with a more severe phenotype, more complicated symptoms, and more CNS involvement than the DHC_N1 region. Conclusion Our study potentially expanded the knowledge of the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype–phenotype correlation may reflect the pathogenesis underlying the dyneinopathy caused by DYNC1H1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Qi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Qing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Qian
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang-Jun Chen ; orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-9013
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17
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Patel P, Buchanan CN, Zdradzinski MD, Sahoo PK, Kar A, Lee S, Vaughn L, Urisman A, Oses-Prieto J, Dell’Orco M, Cassidy D, Costa I, Miller S, Thames E, Smith T, Burlingame A, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Twiss J. Intra-axonal translation of Khsrp mRNA slows axon regeneration by destabilizing localized mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5772-5792. [PMID: 35556128 PMCID: PMC9177972 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonally synthesized proteins support nerve regeneration through retrograde signaling and local growth mechanisms. RNA binding proteins (RBP) are needed for this and other aspects of post-transcriptional regulation of neuronal mRNAs, but only a limited number of axonal RBPs are known. We used targeted proteomics to profile RBPs in peripheral nerve axons. We detected 76 proteins with reported RNA binding activity in axoplasm, and levels of several change with axon injury and regeneration. RBPs with altered levels include KHSRP that decreases neurite outgrowth in developing CNS neurons. Axonal KHSRP levels rapidly increase after injury remaining elevated up to 28 days post axotomy. Khsrp mRNA localizes into axons and the rapid increase in axonal KHSRP is through local translation of Khsrp mRNA in axons. KHSRP can bind to mRNAs with 3'UTR AU-rich elements and targets those transcripts to the cytoplasmic exosome for degradation. KHSRP knockout mice show increased axonal levels of KHSRP target mRNAs, Gap43, Snap25, and Fubp1, following sciatic nerve injury and these mice show accelerated nerve regeneration in vivo. Together, our data indicate that axonal translation of the RNA binding protein Khsrp mRNA following nerve injury serves to promote decay of other axonal mRNAs and slow axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Courtney N Buchanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Matthew D Zdradzinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lauren S Vaughn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michela Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Devon E Cassidy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Irene Dalla Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sharmina Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thames
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Terika P Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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18
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Snead AM, Gowrishankar S. Loss of MAPK8IP3 Affects Endocytosis in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:828071. [PMID: 35711470 PMCID: PMC9196590 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.828071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in endo-lysosomal trafficking pathways are linked to many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Of relevance to our current study, MAPK8IP3/JIP3, a brain enriched putative adaptor between lysosomes and motors has been previously implicated as a key regulator of axonal lysosome transport. Since de novo variants in MAPK8IP3 have recently been linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, there is a need to better understand the functioning of this protein in human neurons. To this end, using induced neurons (i3Neurons) derived from human iPSCs lacking MAPK8IP3, we demonstrate that loss of hMAPK8IP3 affects endocytic uptake in neurons but does not affect the proteolytic activity of lysosomes in neuronal cell bodies. Our findings indicate that MAPK8IP3 may be a regulator of bulk endocytosis in neurons and that altered endocytic uptake may play a role in MAPK8IP3-linked neurodevelopmental disorders.
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19
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Niu J, Holland SM, Ketschek A, Collura KM, Hesketh NL, Hayashi T, Gallo G, Thomas GM. Palmitoylation couples the kinases DLK and JNK3 to facilitate prodegenerative axon-to-soma signaling. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabh2674. [PMID: 35349303 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abh2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK; a MAP3K) mediates neuronal responses to diverse injuries and insults through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Here, we identified two ways through which DLK is coupled to the neural-specific isoform JNK3 to control prodegenerative signaling. JNK3 catalyzed positive feedback phosphorylation of DLK that further activated DLK and locked the DLK-JNK3 module in a highly active state. Neither homologous MAP3Ks nor a homologous MAPK could support this positive feedback loop. Unlike the related JNK1 isoform JNK2 and JNK3 promote prodegenerative axon-to-soma signaling and were endogenously palmitoylated. Moreover, palmitoylation targeted both DLK and JNK3 to the same axonal vesicles, and JNK3 palmitoylation was essential for axonal retrograde signaling in response to optic nerve crush injury in vivo. These findings provide previously unappreciated insights into DLK-JNK signaling relevant to neuropathological conditions and answer long-standing questions regarding the selective prodegenerative roles of JNK2 and JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sabrina M Holland
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrea Ketschek
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Collura
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Natasha L Hesketh
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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20
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Roney JC, Cheng XT, Sheng ZH. Neuronal endolysosomal transport and lysosomal functionality in maintaining axonostasis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213000. [PMID: 35142819 PMCID: PMC8932522 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as degradation hubs for the turnover of endocytic and autophagic cargos, which is essential for neuron function and survival. Deficits in lysosome function result in progressive neurodegeneration in most lysosomal storage disorders and contribute to the pathogenesis of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Given their size and highly polarized morphology, neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining cellular homeostasis in regions far removed from the cell body where mature lysosomes are enriched. Neurons therefore require coordinated bidirectional intracellular transport to sustain efficient clearance capacity in distal axonal regions. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating endolysosome transport and maturation to maintain axonal homeostasis, or “axonostasis,” that is relevant to a range of neurologic disorders. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how axonal endolysosomal trafficking, distribution, and lysosomal functionality support neuronal health and become disrupted in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Roney
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiu-Tang Cheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Fu X, Rao L, Li P, Liu X, Wang Q, Son AI, Gennerich A, Liu JSH. Doublecortin and JIP3 are neural-specific counteracting regulators of dynein-mediated retrograde trafficking. eLife 2022; 11:82218. [PMID: 36476638 PMCID: PMC9799976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microtubule (MT)-binding protein doublecortin (DCX) or in the MT-based molecular motor dynein result in lissencephaly. However, a functional link between DCX and dynein has not been defined. Here, we demonstrate that DCX negatively regulates dynein-mediated retrograde transport in neurons from Dcx-/y or Dcx-/y;Dclk1-/- mice by reducing dynein's association with MTs and disrupting the composition of the dynein motor complex. Previous work showed an increased binding of the adaptor protein C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) to dynein in the absence of DCX. Using purified components, we demonstrate that JIP3 forms an active motor complex with dynein and its cofactor dynactin with two dyneins per complex. DCX competes with the binding of the second dynein, resulting in a velocity reduction of the complex. We conclude that DCX negatively regulates dynein-mediated retrograde transport through two critical interactions by regulating dynein binding to MTs and regulating the composition of the dynein motor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of WenzhouWenzhouChina
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Peijun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of WenzhouWenzhouChina
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National HospitalWashingtonUnited States
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Judy Shih-Hwa Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
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22
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexual Dimorphism of Early Transcriptional Reprogramming in Dorsal Root Ganglia After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:779024. [PMID: 34966260 PMCID: PMC8710713 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.779024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of first-order neurons and auxiliary cells of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that onset and mechanistic principles of post-nerve injury processes are sexually dimorphic. We examined largely understudied aspects of early transcriptional events in DRG within 24 h after sciatic nerve axotomy in mice of both sexes. Using high-depth RNA sequencing (>50 million reads/sample) to pinpoint sexually dimorphic changes related to regeneration, immune response, bioenergy, and sensory functions, we identified a higher number of transcriptional changes in male relative to female DRG. In males, the decline in ion channel transcripts was accompanied by the induction of innate immune cascades via TLR, chemokine, and Csf1-receptor axis and robust regenerative programs driven by Sox, Twist1/2, and Pax5/9 transcription factors. Females demonstrated nerve injury-specific transcriptional co-activation of the actinin 2 network. The predicted upstream regulators and interactive networks highlighted the role of novel epigenetic factors and genetic linkage to sex chromosomes as hallmarks of gene regulation post-axotomy. We implicated epigenetic X chromosome inactivation in the regulation of immune response activity uniquely in females. Sexually dimorphic regulation of MMP/ADAMTS metalloproteinases and their intrinsic X-linked regulator Timp1 contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling integrated with pro-regenerative and immune functions. Lexis1 non-coding RNA involved in LXR-mediated lipid metabolism was identified as a novel nerve injury marker. Together, our data identified unique early response triggers of sex-specific peripheral nerve injury regulation to gain mechanistic insights into the origin of female- and male-prevalent sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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23
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Jones JI, Costa CJ, Cooney C, Goldberg DC, Ponticiello M, Cohen MW, Mellado W, Ma TC, Willis DE. Failure to Upregulate the RNA Binding Protein ZBP After Injury Leads to Impaired Regeneration in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:728163. [PMID: 34949989 PMCID: PMC8688773 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.728163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most diabetes patients eventually suffer from peripheral nerve degeneration. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for the condition and its mechanisms are not well understood. There is, however, an emerging consensus that the inability of peripheral nerves to regenerate normally after injury contributes to the pathophysiology. We have previously shown that regeneration of peripheral axons requires local axonal translation of a pool of axonal mRNAs and that the levels and members of this axonal mRNA pool are altered in response to injury. Here, we show that following sciatic nerve injury in a streptozotocin rodent model of type I diabetes, this mobilization of RNAs into the injured axons is attenuated and correlates with decreased axonal regeneration. This failure of axonal RNA localization results from decreased levels of the RNA binding protein ZBP1. Over-expression of ZBP1 rescues the in vitro growth defect in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons from diabetic rodents. These results provide evidence that decreased neuronal responsiveness to injury in diabetes is due to a decreased ability to alter the pool of axonal mRNAs available for local translation, and may open new therapeutic opportunities for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Jones
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
| | | | - Caitlin Cooney
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Melanie W Cohen
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
| | | | - Thong C Ma
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States.,Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States.,Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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24
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Bekku Y, Salzer JL. Dual Color, Live Imaging of Vesicular Transport in Axons of Cultured Sensory Neurons. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4067. [PMID: 34263008 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of neurons in afferent reception, integration, and generation of electrical activity relies on their strikingly polarized organization, characterized by distinct membrane domains. These domains have different compositions resulting from a combination of selective targeting and retention of membrane proteins. In neurons, most proteins are delivered from their site of synthesis in the soma to the axon via anterograde vesicular transport and undergo retrograde transport for redistribution and/or lysosomal degradation. A key question is whether proteins destined for the same domain are transported in separate vesicles for local assembly or whether these proteins are pre-assembled and co-transported in the same vesicles for delivery to their cognate domains. To assess the content of transport vesicles, one strategy relies on staining of sciatic nerves after ligation, which drives the accumulation of anterogradely and retrogradely transported vesicles on the proximal and distal side of the ligature, respectively. This approach may not permit confident assessment of the nature of the intracellular vesicles identified by staining, and analysis is limited to the availability of suitable antibodies. Here, we use dual color live imaging of proteins labeled with different fluorescent tags, visualizing anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of several proteins simultaneously. These proteins were expressed in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured alone or with Schwann cells under myelinating conditions to assess whether glial cells modify the patterns of axonal transport. Advantages of this protocol are the dynamic identification of transport vesicles and characterization of their content for various proteins that is not limited by available antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Bekku
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - James L Salzer
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
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25
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Cason SE, Carman PJ, Van Duyne C, Goldsmith J, Dominguez R, Holzbaur ELF. Sequential dynein effectors regulate axonal autophagosome motility in a maturation-dependent pathway. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212171. [PMID: 34014261 PMCID: PMC8142281 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway required to maintain homeostasis. Neuronal autophagosomes form constitutively at the axon terminal and mature via lysosomal fusion during dynein-mediated transport to the soma. How the dynein–autophagosome interaction is regulated is unknown. Here, we identify multiple dynein effectors on autophagosomes as they transit along the axons of primary neurons. In the distal axon, JIP1 initiates autophagosomal transport. Autophagosomes in the mid-axon require HAP1 and Huntingtin. We find that HAP1 is a dynein activator, binding the dynein–dynactin complex via canonical and noncanonical interactions. JIP3 is on most axonal autophagosomes, but specifically regulates the transport of mature autolysosomes. Inhibiting autophagosomal transport disrupts maturation, and inhibiting autophagosomal maturation perturbs the association and function of dynein effectors; thus, maturation and transport are tightly linked. These results reveal a novel maturation-based dynein effector handoff on neuronal autophagosomes that is key to motility, cargo degradation, and the maintenance of axonal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter J Carman
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claire Van Duyne
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Vagelos Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juliet Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Gunarta IK, Yuliana D, Erdenebaatar P, Kishi Y, Boldbaatar J, Suzuki R, Odongoo R, Davaakhuu G, Hohjoh H, Yoshioka K. c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1) attenuates curcumin-induced cell death differently from its family member, JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP). Drug Discov Ther 2021; 15:66-72. [PMID: 33716240 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, is known to exhibit multiple biological functions including antitumor activity. We previously reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffold protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) reduces curcumin-induced cell death by modulating p38 MAPK and autophagy through the regulation of lysosome positioning. In this study, we investigated the role of JNK/stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1), a JLP family member, in curcumin-induced stress, and found that JSAP1 also attenuates curcumin-induced cell death. However, JSAP1 knockout showed no or little effect on the activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs in response to curcumin. In addition, small molecule inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPKs did not increase curcumin-induced cell death. Furthermore, JSAP1 depletion did not impair lysosome positioning and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Instead, we noticed substantial autolysosome accumulation accompanied by an inefficient autophagic flux in JSAP1 knockout cells. Taken together, these results indicate that JSAP1 is involved in curcumin-induced cell death differently from JLP, and may suggest that JSAP1 plays a role in autophagosome degradation and its dysfunction results in enhanced cell death. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches using curcumin for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ketut Gunarta
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dewi Yuliana
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Purev Erdenebaatar
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kishi
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jambaldorj Boldbaatar
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Present address: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ravdandorj Odongoo
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Gantulga Davaakhuu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hirohiko Hohjoh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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27
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Okada M, Kawagoe Y, Sato Y, Nozumi M, Ishikawa Y, Tamada A, Yamazaki H, Sekino Y, Kanemura Y, Shinmyo Y, Kawasaki H, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K, Fujii Y, Igarashi M. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 T172 is a molecular marker of growing axons in a wide range of mammals including primates. Mol Brain 2021; 14:66. [PMID: 33832520 PMCID: PMC8034164 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GAP-43 is a vertebrate neuron-specific protein and that is strongly related to axon growth and regeneration; thus, this protein has been utilized as a classical molecular marker of these events and growth cones. Although GAP-43 was biochemically characterized more than a quarter century ago, how this protein is related to these events is still not clear. Recently, we identified many phosphorylation sites in the growth cone membrane proteins of rodent brains. Two phosphorylation sites of GAP-43, S96 and T172, were found within the top 10 hit sites among all proteins. S96 has already been characterized (Kawasaki et al., 2018), and here, phosphorylation of T172 was characterized. In vitro (cultured neurons) and in vivo, an antibody specific to phosphorylated T172 (pT172 antibody) specifically recognized cultured growth cones and growing axons in developing mouse neurons, respectively. Immunoblotting showed that pT172 antigens were more rapidly downregulated throughout development than those of pS96 antibody. From the primary structure, this phosphorylation site was predicted to be conserved in a wide range of animals including primates. In the developing marmoset brainstem and in differentiated neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, immunoreactivity with pT172 antibody revealed patterns similar to those in mice. pT172 antibody also labeled regenerating axons following sciatic nerve injury. Taken together, the T172 residue is widely conserved in a wide range of mammals including primates, and pT172 is a new candidate molecular marker for growing axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawagoe
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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28
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Lee N, Lee SH, Lee J, Lee MY, Lim J, Kim S, Kim S. Hepatocyte growth factor is necessary for efficient outgrowth of injured peripheral axons in in vitro culture system and in vivo nerve crush mouse model. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100973. [PMID: 33718632 PMCID: PMC7933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a neurotrophic factor and its role in peripheral nerves has been relatively unknown. In this study, biological functions of HGF and its receptor c-met have been investigated in the context of regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves. Axotomy of the peripheral branch of sensory neurons from embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) resulted in the increased protein levels of HGF and phosphorylated c-met. When the neuronal cultures were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of c-met, PHA665752, the length of axotomy-induced outgrowth of neurite was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the addition of recombinant HGF proteins to the neuronal culture facilitated axon outgrowth. In the nerve crush mouse model, the protein level of HGF was increased around the injury site by almost 5.5-fold at 24 h post injury compared to control mice and was maintained at elevated levels for another 6 days. The amount of phosphorylated c-met receptor in sciatic nerve was also observed to be higher than control mice. When PHA665752 was locally applied to the injury site of sciatic nerve, axon outgrowth and injury mediated induction of cJun protein were effectively inhibited, indicating the functional involvement of HGF/c-met pathway in the nerve regeneration process. When extra HGF was exogenously provided by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA expressing HGF, axon outgrowth from damaged sciatic nerve and cJun expression level were enhanced. Taken together, these results suggested that HGF/c-met pathway plays important roles in axon outgrowth by directly interacting with sensory neurons and thus HGF might be a useful tool for developing therapeutics for peripheral neuropathy. In in vitro primary eDRGs, axotomy-induced HGF/c-met pathway enhanced the neurite outgrowth process. Nerve injury induced the expression of HGF, consequently leading to the activation of c-met in peripheral axons. HGF/c-met pathway played an important role in the regeneration process of injured peripheral nerves. Additional supply of HGF, in the form of plasmid DNA, enhanced the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junghun Lee
- Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
| | - Jaegook Lim
- Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
| | - Subin Kim
- Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Division of Gene Therapy, Helixmith Co Ltd, Seoul, 07794, South Korea
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29
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Wang B, Huang M, Shang D, Yan X, Zhao B, Zhang X. Mitochondrial Behavior in Axon Degeneration and Regeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650038. [PMID: 33762926 PMCID: PMC7982458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for bioenergetic metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and signal transmission essential for neurons due to their high energy consumption. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria play a key role in axon degeneration and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs at an early stage of axon degeneration and involves oxidative stress, energy deficiency, imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, defects in mitochondrial transport, and mitophagy dysregulation. The restoration of these defective mitochondria by enhancing mitochondrial transport, clearance of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and improving bioenergetic can greatly contribute to axon regeneration. In this paper, we focus on the biological behavior of axonal mitochondria in aging, injury (e.g., traumatic brain and spinal cord injury), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, AD; Parkinson's disease, PD; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) and consider the role of mitochondria in axon regeneration. We also compare the behavior of mitochondria in different diseases and outline novel therapeutic strategies for addressing abnormal mitochondrial biological behavior to promote axonal regeneration in neurological diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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30
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Pathak A, Clark S, Bronfman FC, Deppmann CD, Carter BD. Long-distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e382. [PMID: 32391977 PMCID: PMC7655682 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development proceeds via well-orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long-distance mode of communication. While long-distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long-distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long-distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long-distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shayla Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Departments of Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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31
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Lee B, Cho Y. Experimental Model Systems for Understanding Human Axonal Injury Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E474. [PMID: 33418850 PMCID: PMC7824864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are structurally unique and have dendrites and axons that are vulnerable to injury. Some neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate their axons after injuries. However, most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) fail to do so, resulting in irreversible neurological disorders. To understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration, various experimental models have been utilized in vivo and in vitro. Here, we collate the key experimental models that revealed the important mechanisms regulating axon regeneration and degeneration in different systems. We also discuss the advantages of experimenting with the rodent model, considering the application of these findings in understanding human diseases and for developing therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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32
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Li P, Li L, Yu B, Wang X, Wang Q, Lin J, Zheng Y, Zhu J, He M, Xia Z, Tu M, Liu JS, Lin Z, Fu X. Doublecortin facilitates the elongation of the somatic Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:422-434. [PMID: 33405953 PMCID: PMC8098852 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the doublecortin (DCX) gene, which encodes a microtubule (MT)-binding protein, cause human cortical malformations, including lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia. A deficiency in DCX and DCX-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a functionally redundant and structurally similar cognate of DCX, decreases neurite length and increases the number of primary neurites directly arising from the soma. The underlying mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, the elongation of the somatic Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites, which have been implicated in dendrite patterning, was significantly decreased in the absence of DCX/DCLK1. Phosphorylation of DCX at S47 or S327 was involved in this process. DCX deficiency shifted the distribution of CLASP2 proteins to the soma from the dendrites. In addition to CLASP2, dynein and its cofactor JIP3 were abnormally distributed in DCX-deficient neurons. The association between JIP3 and dynein was significantly increased in the absence of DCX. Down-regulation of CLASP2 or JIP3 expression with specific shRNAs rescued the Golgi phenotype observed in DCX-deficient neurons. We conclude that DCX regulates the elongation of the Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites through MT-associated proteins and motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Luyao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Binyuan Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yihui Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Minzhi He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhaonan Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Mengjing Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Judy S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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33
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Sahoo PK, Kar AN, Samra N, Terenzio M, Patel P, Lee SJ, Miller S, Thames E, Jones B, Kawaguchi R, Coppola G, Fainzilber M, Twiss JL. A Ca 2+-Dependent Switch Activates Axonal Casein Kinase 2α Translation and Drives G3BP1 Granule Disassembly for Axon Regeneration. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4882-4895.e6. [PMID: 33065005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main limitation on axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the slow rate of regrowth. We recently reported that nerve regeneration can be accelerated by axonal G3BP1 granule disassembly, releasing axonal mRNAs for local translation to support axon growth. Here, we show that G3BP1 phosphorylation by casein kinase 2α (CK2α) triggers G3BP1 granule disassembly in injured axons. CK2α activity is temporally and spatially regulated by local translation of Csnk2a1 mRNA in axons after injury, but this requires local translation of mTor mRNA and buffering of the elevated axonal Ca2+ that occurs after axotomy. CK2α's appearance in axons after PNS nerve injury correlates with disassembly of axonal G3BP1 granules as well as increased phospho-G3BP1 and axon growth, although depletion of Csnk2a1 mRNA from PNS axons decreases regeneration and increases G3BP1 granules. Phosphomimetic G3BP1 shows remarkably decreased RNA binding in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons compared with wild-type and non-phosphorylatable G3BP1; combined with other studies, this suggests that CK2α-dependent G3BP1 phosphorylation on Ser 149 after axotomy releases axonal mRNAs for translation. Translation of axonal mRNAs encoding some injury-associated proteins is known to be increased with Ca2+ elevations, and using a dual fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) reporter assay for axonal translation, we see that translational specificity switches from injury-associated protein mRNA translation to CK2α translation with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release versus cytoplasmic Ca2+ chelation. Our results point to axoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations as a determinant for the temporal specificity of sequential translational activation of different axonal mRNAs as severed axons transition from injury to regenerative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nitzan Samra
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovat, Israel
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovat, Israel; Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sharmina Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thames
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Blake Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovat, Israel
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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34
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Canty JT, Yildiz A. Activation and Regulation of Cytoplasmic Dynein. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:440-453. [PMID: 32311337 PMCID: PMC7179903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is an AAA+ motor that drives the transport of many intracellular cargoes towards the minus end of microtubules (MTs). Previous in vitro studies characterized isolated dynein as an exceptionally weak motor that moves slowly and diffuses on an MT. Recent studies altered this view by demonstrating that dynein remains in an autoinhibited conformation on its own, and processive motility is activated when it forms a ternary complex with dynactin and a cargo adaptor. This complex assembles more efficiently in the presence of Lis1, providing an explanation for why Lis1 is a required cofactor for most cytoplasmic dynein-driven processes in cells. This review describes how dynein motility is activated and regulated by cargo adaptors and accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Canty
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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35
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Hansen T, Thant C, White JA, Banerjee R, Thuamsang B, Gunawardena S. Excess active P13K rescues huntingtin-mediated neuronal cell death but has no effect on axonal transport defects. Apoptosis 2020; 24:341-358. [PMID: 30725352 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of oxidative stress is detected in neurons affected by many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease. Many of these diseases also show neuronal cell death and axonal transport defects. While nuclear inclusions/accumulations likely cause cell death, we previously showed that cytoplasmic axonal accumulations can also contribute to neuronal death. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for activating cell death is unclear. One possibility is that perturbations in normal axonal transport alter the function of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-pathway, a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival/growth in response to extracellular signals. To test this proposal in vivo, we expressed active PI3K in the context of pathogenic huntingtin (HTT-138Q) in Drosophila larval nerves, which show axonal transport defects and neuronal cell death. We found that excess expression of active P13K significantly suppressed HTT-138Q-mediated neuronal cell death, but had no effect on HTT-138Q-mediated axonal transport defects. Expression of active PI3K also rescued Paraquat-mediated cell death. Further, increased levels of pSer9 (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3β was seen in HTT-138Q-mediated larval brains, and in dynein loss of function mutants, indicating the modulation of the pro-survival pathway. Intriguingly, proteins in the PI3K/AKT-pathway showed functional interactions with motor proteins. Taken together our observations suggest that proper axonal transport is likely essential for the normal function of the pro-survival PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway and for neuronal survival in vivo. These results have important implications for targeting therapeutics to early insults during neurodegeneration and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Claire Thant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Bhasirie Thuamsang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US. .,The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall, North/Amherst Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US.
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36
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Suzuki R, Gunarta IK, Boldbaatar J, Erdenebaatar P, Odongoo R, Yoshioka K. Functional role of c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) in lysosome localization and autophagy. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:35-41. [PMID: 32023558 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are involved in many cellular functions, and in turn lysosomal dysfunction underlies a variety of diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomes are distributed broadly in the cytoplasm and can move throughout the cell in kinesin- and dynein-dependent manners. Although many mechanisms of lysosomal transport have been reported, how lysosomal transport is regulated has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study we analyzed c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), an adaptor of kinesin and dynein motor proteins, and found that lysosomes were localized toward the cell periphery in JLP knockdown cells, leading to the impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, we performed rescue experiments using wild-type JLP and its various deletion mutants. The results indicated that JLP may regulate lysosome localization and autophagy through interaction of JLP with kinesin-1 heavy chain, but not with dynactin p150Glued or lysosomal transmembrane protein 55b. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking regulation. This study contributes to the understanding of how lysosomes exert their multiple functions, potentially leading to the identification of molecular targets for diseases caused by lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - I Ketut Gunarta
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jambaldorj Boldbaatar
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Purev Erdenebaatar
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ravdandorj Odongoo
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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37
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Structural characterization of the RH1-LZI tandem of JIP3/4 highlights RH1 domains as a cytoskeletal motor-binding motif. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16036. [PMID: 31690808 PMCID: PMC6831827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
JIP3 and JIP4 (JNK-interacting proteins 3 and 4) are adaptors for cargo recruitment by dynein/dynactin and kinesin1 motors. Both are dimers that are stabilised by two sections of leucine zipper coiled coils. The N-terminal Leucine Zipper I (LZI) belongs to a section that binds dynein-DLIC and kinesin1-KHC, whilst the medial Leucine Zipper II (LZII) binds dynactin-p150glued and kinesin1-KLC. Structural data is available for the LZII, but the LZI section is still uncharacterized. Here we characterize the N-terminal part of JIP3/4 which consists of an RH1 (RILP homology 1) domain followed by the LZI coiled coil using bioinformatical, biophysical and structural approaches. The RH1-LZI tandem of JIP3 associates as a high affinity homodimer exhibiting elongated alpha-helical fold. 3D homology modelling of the RH1-LZI tandem reveals that the kinesin1-KHC binding site mainly overlaps with the RH1 domain. A sequence comparison search indicates that only one other protein family has RH1 domains similar to those of JIP3/4, the RILP (Rab-interacting lysosomal protein) family which consists of adaptor proteins linking Rab GTPases to cytoskeletal motors. RILPL2 is recruited through its RH1 domain by the myosin 5a motor. Here, we showed that the RH1 domain of JIP3 also interacts with myosin 5 A in vitro, highlighting JIP3/4 as possible myosin 5a adaptors. Finally, we propose that JIP3/4 and RILP family members define a unique RH1/RH2-architecture adaptor superfamily linking cytoskeletal motors and Rab GTPases.
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38
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Tuttle A, Drerup CM, Marra M, McGraw H, Nechiporuk AV. Retrograde Ret signaling controls sensory pioneer axon outgrowth. eLife 2019; 8:46092. [PMID: 31476133 PMCID: PMC6718271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking mechanisms and transcriptional targets downstream of long-range neurotrophic factor ligand/receptor signaling that promote axon growth are incompletely understood. Zebrafish carrying a null mutation in a neurotrophic factor receptor, Ret, displayed defects in peripheral sensory axon growth cone morphology and dynamics. Ret receptor was highly enriched in sensory pioneer neurons and Ret51 isoform was required for pioneer axon outgrowth. Loss-of-function of a cargo adaptor, Jip3, partially phenocopied Ret axonal defects, led to accumulation of activated Ret in pioneer growth cones, and reduced retrograde Ret51 transport. Jip3 and Ret51 were also retrogradely co-transported, ultimately suggesting Jip3 is a retrograde adapter of active Ret51. Finally, loss of Ret reduced transcription and growth cone localization of Myosin-X, an initiator of filopodial formation. These results show a specific role for Ret51 in pioneer axon growth, and suggest a critical role for long-range retrograde Ret signaling in regulating growth cone dynamics through downstream transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tuttle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Molly Marra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Hillary McGraw
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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39
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Abstract
Permanent disabilities following CNS injuries result from the failure of injured axons to regenerate and rebuild functional connections with their original targets. By contrast, injury to peripheral nerves is followed by robust regeneration, which can lead to recovery of sensory and motor functions. This regenerative response requires the induction of widespread transcriptional and epigenetic changes in injured neurons. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in understanding how peripheral axon injury elicits these widespread changes through the coordinated actions of transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers and, to a lesser extent, microRNAs. Although many questions remain about the interplay between these mechanisms, these new findings provide important insights into the pivotal role of coordinated gene expression and chromatin remodelling in the neuronal response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mahar
- Department of Neuroscience, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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40
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Iwasawa S, Yanagi K, Kikuchi A, Kobayashi Y, Haginoya K, Matsumoto H, Kurosawa K, Ochiai M, Sakai Y, Fujita A, Miyake N, Niihori T, Shirota M, Funayama R, Nonoyama S, Ohga S, Kawame H, Nakayama K, Aoki Y, Matsumoto N, Kaname T, Matsubara Y, Shoji W, Kure S. Recurrent de novo
MAPK8IP3
variants cause neurological phenotypes. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:927-933. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Iwasawa
- Department of PediatricsTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of PediatricsTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of PediatricsNational Hospital Organization Sendai‐Nishitaga Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyTakuto Rehabilitation Center for Children Sendai Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyTakuto Rehabilitation Center for Children Sendai Japan
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyMiyagi Children's Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of PediatricsNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Masayuki Ochiai
- Department of PediatricsGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of PediatricsGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical GeneticsTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of PediatricsNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of PediatricsGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- Tohoku Medical Megabank organizationTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical GeneticsTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Wataru Shoji
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary SciencesTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of PediatricsTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank organizationTohoku University Sendai Japan
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41
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Escudero CA, Cabeza C, Moya-Alvarado G, Maloney MT, Flores CM, Wu C, Court FA, Mobley WC, Bronfman FC. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent internalization and Rab5-dependent endocytic sorting mediate long-distance retrograde neuronal death induced by axonal BDNF-p75 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6070. [PMID: 30988348 PMCID: PMC6465280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the sympathetic nervous system, signals from tropomyosin-related kinase receptors (Trks) and p75 neurotrophin receptors (p75) compete to regulate survival and connectivity. During this process, nerve growth factor (NGF)- TrkA signaling in axons communicates NGF-mediated trophic responses in signaling endosomes. Whether axonal p75 signaling contributes to neuronal death and how signaling endosomes contribute to p75 signaling has not been established. Using compartmentalized sympathetic neuronal cultures (CSCGs) as a model, we observed that the addition of BDNF to axons increased the transport of p75 and induced death of sympathetic neurons in a dynein-dependent manner. In cell bodies, internalization of p75 required the activity of JNK, a downstream kinase mediating p75 death signaling in neurons. Additionally, the activity of Rab5, the key GTPase regulating early endosomes, was required for p75 death signaling. In axons, JNK and Rab5 were required for retrograde transport and death signaling mediated by axonal BDNF-p75 in CSCGs. JNK was also required for the proper axonal transport of p75-positive endosomes. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the activation of JNK by p75 in cell bodies and axons is required for internalization to a Rab5-positive signaling endosome and the further propagation of p75-dependent neuronal death signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Escudero
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cabeza
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Moya-Alvarado
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M T Maloney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C M Flores
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - F A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile and FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - W C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - F C Bronfman
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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42
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-driven form of clathrin-independent endocytosis that generates an enlarged structure, the macropinosome. Although many studies focus on signaling molecules and phosphoinositides involved in initiating macropinocytosis, the commitment to forming a macropinosome and the handling of that membrane have not been studied in detail. Here we show in HT1080 cells, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, a requirement for microtubules, dynein, the JIP3 microtubule motor scaffold protein, and Arf6, a JIP3 interacting protein, for the formation and inward movement of the macropinosome. While actin and myosin II also play critical roles in the formation of ruffling membrane, microtubules provide an important tract for initiation, sealing, and transport of the macropinosome through the actin- and myosin-rich lamellar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Williamson
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and.,Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and
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43
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Farley MM, Watkins TA. Intrinsic Neuronal Stress Response Pathways in Injury and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 13:93-116. [PMID: 29414247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
From injury to disease to aging, neurons, like all cells, may face various insults that can impact their function and survival. Although the consequences are substantially dictated by the type, context, and severity of insult, distressed neurons are far from passive. Activation of cellular stress responses aids in the preservation or restoration of nervous system function. However, stress responses themselves can further advance neuropathology and contribute significantly to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Here we explore the recent advances in defining the cellular stress responses within neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal injury, and we emphasize axonal injury as a well-characterized model of neuronal insult. We highlight key findings and unanswered questions about neuronal stress response pathways, from the initial detection of cellular insults through the underlying mechanisms of the responses to their ultimate impact on the fates of distressed neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Farley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Trent A Watkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
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44
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is an essential cellular motor that drives the movement of diverse cargos along the microtubule cytoskeleton, including organelles, vesicles and RNAs. A long-standing question is how a single form of dynein can be adapted to a wide range of cellular functions in both interphase and mitosis. Recent progress has provided new insights - dynein interacts with a group of activating adaptors that provide cargo-specific and/or function-specific regulation of the motor complex. Activating adaptors such as BICD2 and Hook1 enhance the stability of the complex that dynein forms with its required activator dynactin, leading to highly processive motility toward the microtubule minus end. Furthermore, activating adaptors mediate specific interactions of the motor complex with cargos such as Rab6-positive vesicles or ribonucleoprotein particles for BICD2, and signaling endosomes for Hook1. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the conserved structural features found in dynein activators, the effects of these activators on biophysical parameters, such as motor velocity and stall force, and the specific intracellular functions they mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Hill SE, Kauffman KJ, Krout M, Richmond JE, Melia TJ, Colón-Ramos DA. Maturation and Clearance of Autophagosomes in Neurons Depends on a Specific Cysteine Protease Isoform, ATG-4.2. Dev Cell 2019; 49:251-266.e8. [PMID: 30880001 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, defects in autophagosome clearance have been associated with neurodegenerative disease. Yet, the mechanisms that coordinate trafficking and clearance of synaptic autophagosomes are poorly understood. Here, we use genetic screens and in vivo imaging in single neurons of C. elegans to identify mechanisms necessary for clearance of synaptic autophagosomes. We observed that autophagy at the synapse can be modulated in vivo by the state of neuronal activity, that autophagosomes undergo UNC-16/JIP3-mediated retrograde transport, and that autophagosomes containing synaptic material mature in the cell body. Through forward genetic screens, we then determined that autophagosome maturation in the cell body depends on the protease ATG-4.2, but not the related ATG-4.1, and that ATG-4.2 can cleave LGG-1/Atg8/GABARAP from membranes. Our studies revealed that ATG-4.2 is specifically necessary for the maturation and clearance of autophagosomes and that defects in transport and ATG-4.2-mediated maturation genetically interact to enhance abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hill
- Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Karlina J Kauffman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mia Krout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Janet E Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Melia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Instituto de Neurobiología, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd del Valle, San Juan 00901, Puerto Rico.
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46
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Dynein promotes sustained axonal growth and Schwann cell remodeling early during peripheral nerve regeneration. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007982. [PMID: 30779743 PMCID: PMC6396928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injury, axons of the peripheral nervous system have retained the capacity for regeneration. While it is well established that injury signals require molecular motors for their transport from the injury site to the nucleus, whether kinesin and dynein motors play additional roles in peripheral nerve regeneration is not well understood. Here we use genetic mutants of motor proteins in a zebrafish peripheral nerve regeneration model to visualize and define in vivo roles for kinesin and dynein. We find that both kinesin-1 and dynein are required for zebrafish peripheral nerve regeneration. While loss of kinesin-1 reduced the overall robustness of axonal regrowth, loss of dynein dramatically impaired axonal regeneration and also reduced injury-induced Schwann cell remodeling. Chimeras between wild type and dynein mutant embryos demonstrate that dynein function in neurons is sufficient to promote axonal regrowth. Finally, by simultaneously monitoring actin and microtubule dynamics in regenerating axons we find that dynein appears dispensable to initiate axonal regrowth, but is critical to stabilize microtubules, thereby sustaining axonal regeneration. These results reveal two previously unappreciated roles for dynein during peripheral nerve regeneration, initiating injury induced Schwann cell remodeling and stabilizing axonal microtubules to sustain axonal regrowth. Nerve regeneration requires coordinated responses from multiple cell types after injury. Axons must extend from the neuronal cell body back towards their targets, while surrounding Schwann cells enter a repair cell state in which they promote regeneration. While nerves of the peripheral nervous system can regrow, it is estimated that fewer than 10 percent of patients fully recover function after nerve injury. In order to understand the mechanisms by which peripheral nerves regrow, we used live cell imaging in the zebrafish to observe the process of nerve regeneration, monitoring axons and Schwann cells simultaneously during this process. Using genetic mutants, we identified a role for the molecular motors kinesin-1 and dynein in promoting axonal regrowth. Furthermore, we found that dynein plays an additional role in Schwann cell response to injury. Thus, we demonstrate that molecular motors are required in multiple cell types to promote nerve regeneration.
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47
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Koley S, Rozenbaum M, Fainzilber M, Terenzio M. Translating regeneration: Local protein synthesis in the neuronal injury response. Neurosci Res 2019; 139:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Cockburn JJB, Hesketh SJ, Mulhair P, Thomsen M, O'Connell MJ, Way M. Insights into Kinesin-1 Activation from the Crystal Structure of KLC2 Bound to JIP3. Structure 2018; 26:1486-1498.e6. [PMID: 30197037 PMCID: PMC6224480 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin-1 transports numerous cellular cargoes along microtubules. The kinesin-1 light chain (KLC) mediates cargo binding and regulates kinesin-1 motility. To investigate the molecular basis for kinesin-1 recruitment and activation by cargoes, we solved the crystal structure of the KLC2 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain bound to the cargo JIP3. This, combined with biophysical and molecular evolutionary analyses, reveals a kinesin-1 cargo binding site, located on KLC TPR1, which is conserved in homologs from sponges to humans. In the complex, JIP3 crosslinks two KLC2 TPR domains via their TPR1s. We show that TPR1 forms a dimer interface that mimics JIP3 binding in all crystal structures of the unbound KLC TPR domain. We propose that cargo-induced dimerization of the KLC TPR domains via TPR1 is a general mechanism for activating kinesin-1. We relate this to activation by tryptophan-acidic cargoes, explaining how different cargoes activate kinesin-1 through related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J B Cockburn
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Sophie J Hesketh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter Mulhair
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maren Thomsen
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Kinesins: Motor Proteins as Novel Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3854-3864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Girouard MP, Bueno M, Julian V, Drake S, Byrne AB, Fournier AE. The Molecular Interplay between Axon Degeneration and Regeneration. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:978-990. [PMID: 30022605 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons face a series of morphological and molecular changes following trauma and in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. In neurons capable of mounting a spontaneous regenerative response, including invertebrate neurons and mammalian neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), axons regenerate from the proximal side of the injury and degenerate on the distal side. Studies of Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS /Ola) mice have revealed that a level of coordination between the processes of axon regeneration and degeneration occurs during successful repair. Here, we explore how shared cellular and molecular pathways that regulate both axon regeneration and degeneration coordinate the two distinct outcomes in the proximal and distal axon segments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000-000, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Girouard
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mardja Bueno
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Victoria Julian
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Sienna Drake
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra B Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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