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Loshkareva AS, Popova MM, Shilova LA, Fedorova NV, Timofeeva TA, Galimzyanov TR, Kuzmin PI, Knyazev DG, Batishchev OV. Influenza A Virus M1 Protein Non-Specifically Deforms Charged Lipid Membranes and Specifically Interacts with the Raft Boundary. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:76. [PMID: 36676883 PMCID: PMC9864314 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological rearrangements of biological membranes, such as fusion and fission, often require a sophisticated interplay between different proteins and cellular membranes. However, in the case of fusion proteins of enveloped viruses, even one molecule can execute membrane restructurings. Growing evidence indicates that matrix proteins of enveloped viruses can solely trigger the membrane bending required for another crucial step in virogenesis, the budding of progeny virions. For the case of the influenza A virus matrix protein M1, different studies report both in favor and against M1 being able to produce virus-like particles without other viral proteins. Here, we investigated the physicochemical mechanisms of M1 membrane activity on giant unilamellar vesicles of different lipid compositions using fluorescent confocal microscopy. We confirmed that M1 predominantly interacts electrostatically with the membrane, and its ability to deform the lipid bilayer is non-specific and typical for membrane-binding proteins and polypeptides. However, in the case of phase-separating membranes, M1 demonstrates a unique ability to induce macro-phase separation, probably due to the high affinity of M1's amphipathic helices to the raft boundary. Thus, we suggest that M1 is tailored to deform charged membranes with a specific activity in the case of phase-separating membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Loshkareva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina M. Popova
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Shilova
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Fedorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Timofeeva
- Laboratory of Physiology of Viruses, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, FSBI N. F. Gamaleya NRCEM, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R. Galimzyanov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr I. Kuzmin
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis G. Knyazev
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Oleg V. Batishchev
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Norris MJ, Husby ML, Kiosses WB, Yin J, Saxena R, Rennick LJ, Heiner A, Harkins SS, Pokhrel R, Schendel SL, Hastie KM, Landeras-Bueno S, Salie ZL, Lee B, Chapagain PP, Maisner A, Duprex WP, Stahelin RV, Saphire EO. Measles and Nipah virus assembly: Specific lipid binding drives matrix polymerization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1440. [PMID: 35857835 PMCID: PMC9299542 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus, Nipah virus, and multiple other paramyxoviruses cause disease outbreaks in humans and animals worldwide. The paramyxovirus matrix (M) protein mediates virion assembly and budding from host cell membranes. M is thus a key target for antivirals, but few high-resolution structures of paramyxovirus M are available, and we lack the clear understanding of how viral M proteins interact with membrane lipids to mediate viral assembly and egress that is needed to guide antiviral design. Here, we reveal that M proteins associate with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] at the plasma membrane. Using x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that PI(4,5)P2 binding induces conformational and electrostatic changes in the M protein surface that trigger membrane deformation, matrix layer polymerization, and virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Norris
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monica L. Husby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William B. Kiosses
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roopashi Saxena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anja Heiner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie S. Harkins
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rudramani Pokhrel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Li Salie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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3
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Batishchev OV. Physico-Chemical Mechanisms of the Functioning of Membrane-Active Proteins of Enveloped Viruses. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES A, MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022; 16:247-260. [PMCID: PMC9734521 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the attention of the whole world has been riveted to the emergence of new dangerous strains of viruses, among which a special place is occupied by coronaviruses that have overcome the interspecies barrier in the past 20 years: SARS viruses (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), as well as a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the largest pandemic since the Spanish flu in 1918. Coronaviruses are members of a class of enveloped viruses that have a lipoprotein envelope. This class also includes such serious pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, Ebola virus, influenza, etc. Despite significant differences in the clinical picture of the course of disease caused by enveloped viruses, they themselves have a number of characteristic features, which determine their commonality. Regardless of the way of penetration into the cell—by endocytosis or direct fusion with the cell membrane—enveloped viruses are characterized by the following stages of interaction with the target cell: binding to receptors on the cell surface, interaction of the surface glycoproteins of the virus with the membrane structures of the infected cell, fusion of the lipid envelope of the virion with plasma or endosomal membrane, destruction of the protein capsid and its dissociation from the viral nucleoprotein. Subsequently, within the infected cell, the newly synthesized viral proteins must self-assemble on various membrane structures to form a progeny virion. Thus, both the initial stages of viral infection and the assembly and release of new viral particles are associated with the activity of viral proteins in relation to the cell membrane and its organelles. This review is devoted to the analysis of physicochemical mechanisms of functioning of the main structural proteins of a number of enveloped viruses in order to identify possible strategies for the membrane activity of such proteins at various stages of viral infection of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Batishchev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Husby ML, Stahelin RV. Negative-sense RNA viruses: An underexplored platform for examining virus-host lipid interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:pe1. [PMID: 34570653 PMCID: PMC8684762 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are pathogenic agents that can infect all varieties of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. These microscopic particles are genetically simple as they encode a limited number of proteins that undertake a wide range of functions. While structurally distinct, viruses often share common characteristics that have evolved to aid in their infectious life cycles. A commonly underappreciated characteristic of many deadly viruses is a lipid envelope that surrounds their protein and genetic contents. Notably, the lipid envelope is formed from the host cell the virus infects. Lipid-enveloped viruses comprise a diverse range of pathogenic viruses, which often lead to high fatality rates and many lack effective therapeutics and/or vaccines. This perspective primarily focuses on the negative-sense RNA viruses from the order Mononegavirales, which obtain their lipid envelope from the host plasma membrane. Specifically, the perspective highlights the common themes of host cell lipid and membrane biology necessary for virus replication, assembly, and budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Husby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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5
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Liao X, Purohit PK. Kinetics of self-assembly of inclusions due to lipid membrane thickness interactions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2539-2556. [PMID: 33511382 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01752c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of proteins on lipid membranes underlies many important processes in cell biology, such as, exo- and endo-cytosis, assembly of viruses, etc. An attractive force that can cause self-assembly is mediated by membrane thickness interactions between proteins. The free energy profile associated with this attractive force is a result of the overlap of thickness deformation fields around the proteins which can be calculated from the solution of a boundary value problem. Yet, the time scales over which two inclusions coalesce has not been explored, even though the evolution of particle concentrations on membranes has been modeled using phase-field approaches. In this paper we compute this time scale as a function of the initial distance between two inclusions by viewing their coalescence as a first passage time problem. The mean first passage time is computed using Langevin dynamics and a partial differential equation, and both methods are found to be in excellent agreement. Inclusions of three different shapes are studied and it is found that for two inclusions separated by about hundred nanometers the time to coalescence is hundreds of milliseconds irrespective of shape. An efficient computation of the interaction energy of inclusions is central to our work. We compute it using a finite difference technique and show that our results are in excellent agreement with those from a previously proposed semi-analytical method based on Fourier-Bessel series. The computational strategies described in this paper could potentially lead to efficient methods to explore the kinetics of self-assembly of proteins on lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liao
- Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Prashant K Purohit
- Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191024. [PMID: 31324731 PMCID: PMC6682550 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1-M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context, M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains).
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7
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Velasco-Olmo A, Ormaetxea Gisasola J, Martinez Galvez JM, Vera Lillo J, Shnyrova AV. Combining patch-clamping and fluorescence microscopy for quantitative reconstitution of cellular membrane processes with Giant Suspended Bilayers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7255. [PMID: 31076583 PMCID: PMC6510758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro reconstitution and microscopic visualization of membrane processes is an indispensable source of information about a cellular function. Here we describe a conceptionally novel free-standing membrane template that facilitates such quantitative reconstitution of membrane remodelling at different scales. The Giant Suspended Bilayers (GSBs) spontaneously swell from lipid lamella reservoir deposited on microspheres. GSBs attached to the reservoir can be prepared from virtually any lipid composition following a fast procedure. Giant unilamellar vesicles can be further obtained by GSB detachment from the microspheres. The reservoir stabilizes GSB during deformations, mechanical micromanipulations, and fluorescence microscopy observations, while GSB-reservoir boundary enables the exchange of small solutes with GSB interior. These unique properties allow studying macro- and nano-scale membrane deformations, adding membrane-active compounds to both sides of GSB membrane and applying patch-clamp based approaches, thus making GSB a versatile tool for reconstitution and quantification of cellular membrane trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Velasco-Olmo
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Julene Ormaetxea Gisasola
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
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8
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Shtykova EV, Petoukhov MV, Dadinova LA, Fedorova NV, Tashkin VY, Timofeeva TA, Ksenofontov AL, Loshkarev NA, Baratova LA, Jeffries CM, Svergun DI, Batishchev OV. Solution Structure, Self-Assembly, and Membrane Interactions of the Matrix Protein from Newcastle Disease Virus at Neutral and Acidic pH. J Virol 2019; 93:e01450-18. [PMID: 30567981 PMCID: PMC6401449 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01450-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped paramyxovirus. The matrix protein of the virus (M-NDV) has an innate propensity to produce virus-like particles budding from the plasma membrane of the expressing cell without recruiting other viral proteins. The virus predominantly infects the host cell via fusion with the host plasma membrane or, alternatively, can use receptor-mediated endocytic pathways. The question arises as to what are the mechanisms supporting such diversity, especially concerning the assembling and membrane binding properties of the virus protein scaffold under both neutral and acidic pH conditions. Here, we suggest a novel method of M-NDV isolation in physiological ionic strength and employ a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy with complementary structural techniques, and membrane interaction measurements to characterize the solution behavior/structure of the protein as well as its binding to lipid membranes at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0. We demonstrate that the minimal structural unit of the protein in solution is a dimer that spontaneously assembles in a neutral milieu into hollow helical oligomers by repeating the protein tetramers. Acidic pH conditions decrease the protein oligomerization state to the individual dimers, tetramers, and octamers without changing the density of the protein layer and lipid membrane affinity, thus indicating that the endocytic pathway is a possible facilitator of NDV entry into a host cell through enhanced scaffold disintegration.IMPORTANCE The matrix protein of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most abundant viral proteins that regulates the formation of progeny virions. NDV is an avian pathogen that impacts the economics of bird husbandry due to its resulting morbidity and high mortality rates. Moreover, it belongs to the Avulavirus subfamily of the Paramyxoviridae family of Mononegavirales that include dangerous representatives such as respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus, and measles virus. Here, we investigate the solution structure and membrane binding properties of this protein at both acidic and neutral pH to distinguish between possible virus entry pathways and propose a mechanism of assembly of the viral matrix scaffold. This work is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of viral entry as well as to inform subsequent proposals for the possible use of the virus as an adequate template for future drug or vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Shtykova
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Petoukhov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- EMBL/DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L A Dadinova
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Fedorova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Tashkin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Timofeeva
- D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, FSBI N. F. Gamaleya NRCEM, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian
| | - A L Ksenofontov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Loshkarev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - L A Baratova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D I Svergun
- D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, FSBI N. F. Gamaleya NRCEM, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian
| | - O V Batishchev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
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9
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Gordon TB, Hayward JA, Marsh GA, Baker ML, Tachedjian G. Host and Viral Proteins Modulating Ebola and Marburg Virus Egress. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010025. [PMID: 30609802 PMCID: PMC6357148 DOI: 10.3390/v11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The filoviruses Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus are among the deadliest viral pathogens known to infect humans, causing emerging diseases with fatality rates of up to 90% during some outbreaks. The replication cycles of these viruses are comprised of numerous complex molecular processes and interactions with their human host, with one key feature being the means by which nascent virions exit host cells to spread to new cells and ultimately to a new host. This review focuses on our current knowledge of filovirus egress and the viral and host factors and processes that are involved. Within the virus, these factors consist of the major matrix protein, viral protein 40 (VP40), which is necessary and sufficient for viral particle release, and nucleocapsid and glycoprotein that interact with VP40 to promote egress. In the host cell, some proteins are hijacked by filoviruses in order to enhance virion budding capacity that include members of the family of E3 ubiquitin ligase and the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, while others such as tetherin inhibit viral egress. An understanding of these molecular interactions that modulate viral particle egress provides an important opportunity to identify new targets for the development of antivirals to prevent and treat filovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin B Gordon
- Health Security Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Joshua A Hayward
- Health Security Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle L Baker
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Gilda Tachedjian
- Health Security Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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10
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RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL mediated apoptosis and necroptosis during Newcastle disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43201-43217. [PMID: 28591723 PMCID: PMC5522139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus which selectively replicates in tumor cells and exerts anti-tumor cytotoxic activity by promoting cell death. In this study, we focus on characterization of the underlying mechanisms of NDV-induced cell death in HeLa cells. We find that NDV Herts/33 strain triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis at late infection times. The activation of NF-кB pathway and subsequent up-regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL initiates extrinsic apoptosis, leading to activation of caspase 8 and cleavage of Bid into tBid. tBid transmits the extrinsic apoptotic signals to mitochondria and mediates intrinsic apoptosis, which is hallmarked by cleavage of caspase 9. Moreover, RIP1 is cleaved into RIP1-N and RIP1-C at D324 by caspase 8, and this cleavage promotes apoptosis. Surprisingly, over expression of RIP1 reduces apoptosis and depletion of RIP1 promotes apoptosis, suggesting full length RIP1 is anti-apoptotic. Moreover, necroptosis hallmark protein MLKL is activated by phosphorylation at 12-24 h.p.i., and RIP1 regulates the level of phosphor-MLKL. Immunostaining shows that RIP1 aggregates to stress granules (SGs) at 8-24 h.p.i., and phosphor-MLKL is also recruited to SGs, instead of migrating to plasma membrane to exert its necrotic function. Immunoprecipitation study demonstrates that RIP1 bind to phosphor-MLKL, and depletion of RIP1 reduces the aggregation of MLKL to SGs, suggesting that RIP1 recruits MLKL to SGs. Altogether, NDV infection initiates extrinsic apoptosis via activation of NF-кB and secretion of TNF-α/TRAIL. Activation of caspase 8 by TNF-α/TRAIL and subsequent cleavage of Bid and RIP1 transmit the death signals to mitochondria. Meanwhile, virus subverts the host defensive necroptosis via recruiting phosphor-MLKL by RIP1 to SGs. Thus, RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of apoptosis and necroptosis during NDV infection.
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11
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Liao Y, Wang HX, Mao X, Fang H, Wang H, Li Y, Sun Y, Meng C, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL mediated apoptosis and necroptosis during Newcastle disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 28591723 DOI: 10.1863/oncotarget.17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus which selectively replicates in tumor cells and exerts anti-tumor cytotoxic activity by promoting cell death. In this study, we focus on characterization of the underlying mechanisms of NDV-induced cell death in HeLa cells. We find that NDV Herts/33 strain triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis at late infection times. The activation of NF-кB pathway and subsequent up-regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL initiates extrinsic apoptosis, leading to activation of caspase 8 and cleavage of Bid into tBid. tBid transmits the extrinsic apoptotic signals to mitochondria and mediates intrinsic apoptosis, which is hallmarked by cleavage of caspase 9. Moreover, RIP1 is cleaved into RIP1-N and RIP1-C at D324 by caspase 8, and this cleavage promotes apoptosis. Surprisingly, over expression of RIP1 reduces apoptosis and depletion of RIP1 promotes apoptosis, suggesting full length RIP1 is anti-apoptotic. Moreover, necroptosis hallmark protein MLKL is activated by phosphorylation at 12-24 h.p.i., and RIP1 regulates the level of phosphor-MLKL. Immunostaining shows that RIP1 aggregates to stress granules (SGs) at 8-24 h.p.i., and phosphor-MLKL is also recruited to SGs, instead of migrating to plasma membrane to exert its necrotic function. Immunoprecipitation study demonstrates that RIP1 bind to phosphor-MLKL, and depletion of RIP1 reduces the aggregation of MLKL to SGs, suggesting that RIP1 recruits MLKL to SGs. Altogether, NDV infection initiates extrinsic apoptosis via activation of NF-кB and secretion of TNF-α/TRAIL. Activation of caspase 8 by TNF-α/TRAIL and subsequent cleavage of Bid and RIP1 transmit the death signals to mitochondria. Meanwhile, virus subverts the host defensive necroptosis via recruiting phosphor-MLKL by RIP1 to SGs. Thus, RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of apoptosis and necroptosis during NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Huang Wang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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12
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Saletti D, Radzimanowski J, Effantin G, Midtvedt D, Mangenot S, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P, Bally M. The Matrix protein M1 from influenza C virus induces tubular membrane invaginations in an in vitro cell membrane model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40801. [PMID: 28120862 PMCID: PMC5264427 DOI: 10.1038/srep40801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix proteins from enveloped viruses play an important role in budding and stabilizing virus particles. In order to assess the role of the matrix protein M1 from influenza C virus (M1-C) in plasma membrane deformation, we have combined structural and in vitro reconstitution experiments with model membranes. We present the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of M1-C and show by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering analysis that full-length M1-C folds into an elongated structure that associates laterally into ring-like or filamentous polymers. Using negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we demonstrate that M1-C full-length binds to and induces inward budding of membrane tubules with diameters that resemble the diameter of viruses. Membrane tubule formation requires the C-terminal domain of M1-C, corroborating its essential role for M1-C polymerization. Our results indicate that M1-C assembly on membranes constitutes the driving force for budding and suggest that M1-C plays a key role in facilitating viral egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saletti
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jens Radzimanowski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Effantin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Midtvedt
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marta Bally
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Park A, Yun T, Vigant F, Pernet O, Won ST, Dawes BE, Bartkowski W, Freiberg AN, Lee B. Nipah Virus C Protein Recruits Tsg101 to Promote the Efficient Release of Virus in an ESCRT-Dependent Pathway. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005659. [PMID: 27203423 PMCID: PMC4874542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding of Nipah virus, a deadly member of the Henipavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae, has been thought to be independent of the host ESCRT pathway, which is critical for the budding of many enveloped viruses. This conclusion was based on the budding properties of the virus matrix protein in the absence of other virus components. Here, we find that the virus C protein, which was previously investigated for its role in antagonism of innate immunity, recruits the ESCRT pathway to promote efficient virus release. Inhibition of ESCRT or depletion of the ESCRT factor Tsg101 abrogates the C enhancement of matrix budding and impairs live Nipah virus release. Further, despite the low sequence homology of the C proteins of known henipaviruses, they all enhance the budding of their cognate matrix proteins, suggesting a conserved and previously unknown function for the henipavirus C proteins. Nipah virus is a deadly pathogen (40–100% mortality) that has yearly outbreaks in Southeast Asia, resulting from spillover from its natural fruit bat reservoir. The viral C protein is one of only nine virus proteins, but its role in promoting virus replication is not fully understood. Here, we found that the C protein promotes the efficient release of budding Nipah virus from infected cells. It does so by recruiting an essential factor in the host ESCRT complex, Tsg101. The ESCRT complex has well-characterized functions in mediating membrane pinching off events that resemble virus budding. Further, we found that the C proteins of related viruses within the same genus (Henipavirus) also promote virus budding, suggesting that this previously unknown function of the henipavirus C proteins is conserved. This work illuminates the basic biology of henipaviruses with significant outbreak and public health concern, and opens the door to further lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Frederic Vigant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivier Pernet
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sohui T. Won
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Dawes
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wojciech Bartkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander N. Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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de Armas-Rillo L, Valera MS, Marrero-Hernández S, Valenzuela-Fernández A. Membrane dynamics associated with viral infection. Rev Med Virol 2016; 26:146-60. [PMID: 26817660 PMCID: PMC5066672 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral replication and spreading are fundamental events in the viral life cycle, accounting for the assembly and egression of nascent virions, events that are directly associated with viral pathogenesis in target hosts. These processes occur in cellular compartments that are modified by specialized viral proteins, causing a rearrangement of different cell membranes in infected cells and affecting the ER, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and endosomes, as well as processes such as autophagic membrane flux. In fact, the activation or inhibition of membrane trafficking and other related activities are fundamental to ensure the adequate replication and spreading of certain viruses. In this review, data will be presented that support the key role of membrane dynamics in the viral cycle, especially in terms of the assembly, egression and infection processes. By defining how viruses orchestrate these events it will be possible to understand how they successfully complete their route of infection, establishing viral pathogenesis and provoking disease. © 2015 The Authors Reviews in Medical Virology Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Armas-Rillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Valera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Marrero-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
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15
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Interaction of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Nucleoprotein with Matrix Protein Mediates Internal Viral Protein Assembly. J Virol 2015; 90:2306-15. [PMID: 26656716 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02324-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Its three internal viral proteins, the nucleoprotein (N), the phosphoprotein (P), and the polymerase (L), form the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which encapsidates the viral genome and associates with the matrix protein (M) for virion assembly. We previously showed that the M protein expressed alone is sufficient to assemble and release virus-like particles (VLPs) and a mutant with the L305A point mutation in the M protein (ML305A) has a VLP formation ability similar to that of wild-type M protein. In addition, recombinant HPIV3 (rHPIV3) containing the ML305A mutation (rHPIV3-ML305A) could be successfully recovered. In the present study, we found that the titer of rHPIV3-ML305A was at least 10-fold lower than the titer of rHPIV3. Using VLP incorporation and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we found that VLPs expressing the M protein (M-VLPs) can efficiently incorporate N and P via an N-M or P-M interaction and ML305A-VLPs had an ability to incorporate P via a P-M interaction similar to that of M-VLPs but were unable to incorporate N and no longer interacted with N. Furthermore, we found that the incorporation of P into ML305A-VLPs but not M-VLPs was inhibited in the presence of N. In addition, we provide evidence that the C-terminal region of P is involved in its interaction with both N and M and N binding to the C-terminal region of P inhibits the incorporation of P into ML305A-VLPs. Our findings provide new molecular details to support the idea that the N-M interaction and not the P-M interaction is critical for packaging N and P into infectious viral particles. IMPORTANCE Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and can cause lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children as well as elderly or immunocompromised individuals. However, no effective vaccine has been developed or licensed. We used virus-like particle (VLP) incorporation and coimmunoprecipitation assays to determine how the M protein assembles internal viral proteins. We demonstrate that both nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) can incorporate into M-VLPs and N inhibits the M-P interaction via the binding of N to the C terminus of P. We also provide additional evidence that the N-M interaction but not the P-M interaction is critical for the regulation of HPIV3 assembly. Our studies provide a more complete characterization of HPIV3 virion assembly and substantiation that N interaction with M regulates internal viral organization.
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16
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Cuadrado-Castano S, Sanchez-Aparicio MT, García-Sastre A, Villar E. The therapeutic effect of death: Newcastle disease virus and its antitumor potential. Virus Res 2015. [PMID: 26221764 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is essential to survival of multicellular organisms. Previously restricted to apoptosis, the concept of programmed cell death is now extended to other mechanisms, as programmed necrosis or necroptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis and parthanatos, among others. Viruses have evolved to manipulate and take control over the programmed cell death response, and the infected cell attempts to neutralize viral infections displaying different stress signals and defensive pathways before taking the critical decision of self-destruction. Learning from viruses and their interplay with the host may help us to better understand the complexity of the self-defense death response that when altered might cause disorders as important as cancer. In addition, as the fields of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses advance as promising novel cancer therapies, the programmed cell death response reemerges as a key point for the success of both therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize the research of the multimodal cell death response induced by Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), considered nowadays a promising viral oncolytic therapeutic, and how the manipulation of the host programmed cell death response can enhance the NDV antitumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria T Sanchez-Aparicio
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrique Villar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Czogalla A, Kauert DJ, Franquelim HG, Uzunova V, Zhang Y, Seidel R, Schwille P. Amphipathic DNA Origami Nanoparticles to Scaffold and Deform Lipid Membrane Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Czogalla A, Kauert DJ, Franquelim HG, Uzunova V, Zhang Y, Seidel R, Schwille P. Amphipathic DNA origami nanoparticles to scaffold and deform lipid membrane vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6501-5. [PMID: 25882792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report a synthetic biology-inspired approach for the engineering of amphipathic DNA origami structures as membrane-scaffolding tools. The structures have a flat membrane-binding interface decorated with cholesterol-derived anchors. Sticky oligonucleotide overhangs on their side facets enable lateral interactions leading to the formation of ordered arrays on the membrane. Such a tight and regular arrangement makes our DNA origami capable of deforming free-standing lipid membranes, mimicking the biological activity of coat-forming proteins, for example, from the I-/F-BAR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Czogalla
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, 01307 Dresden (Germany).,Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50383 Wrocław (Poland)
| | - Dominik J Kauert
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany) http://www.biochem.mpg.de/en/rd/schwille/
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Dresden, University of Technology, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden (Germany)
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Dresden, University of Technology, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden (Germany)
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany) http://www.biochem.mpg.de/en/rd/schwille/.
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19
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Lorenz M, Vollmer B, Unsay JD, Klupp BG, García-Sáez AJ, Mettenleiter TC, Antonin W. A single herpesvirus protein can mediate vesicle formation in the nuclear envelope. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6962-74. [PMID: 25605719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses assemble capsids in the nucleus and egress by unconventional vesicle-mediated trafficking through the nuclear envelope. Capsids bud at the inner nuclear membrane into the nuclear envelope lumen. The resulting intralumenal vesicles fuse with the outer nuclear membrane, delivering the capsids to the cytoplasm. Two viral proteins are required for vesicle formation, the tail-anchored pUL34 and its soluble interactor, pUL31. Whether cellular proteins are involved is unclear. Using giant unilamellar vesicles, we show that pUL31 and pUL34 are sufficient for membrane budding and scission. pUL34 function can be bypassed by membrane tethering of pUL31, demonstrating that pUL34 is required for pUL31 membrane recruitment but not for membrane remodeling. pUL31 can inwardly deform membranes by oligomerizing on their inner surface to form buds that constrict to vesicles. Therefore, a single viral protein can mediate all events necessary for membrane budding and abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lorenz
- From the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Vollmer
- From the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph D Unsay
- the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Barbara G Klupp
- the Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- the Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- From the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,
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20
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Frolov VA, Escalada A, Akimov SA, Shnyrova AV. Geometry of membrane fission. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 185:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Barroso-González J, García-Expósito L, Puigdomènech I, de Armas-Rillo L, Machado JD, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. Viral infection. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Soni SP, Stahelin RV. The Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 selectively induces vesiculation from phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33590-7. [PMID: 25315776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus is from the Filoviridae family of viruses and is one of the most virulent pathogens known with ∼ 60% clinical fatality. The Ebola virus negative sense RNA genome encodes seven proteins including viral matrix protein 40 (VP40), which is the most abundant protein found in the virions. Within infected cells VP40 localizes at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), binds lipids, and regulates formation of new virus particles. Expression of VP40 in mammalian cells is sufficient to form virus-like particles that are nearly indistinguishable from the authentic virions. However, how VP40 interacts with the PM and forms virus-like particles is for the most part unknown. To investigate VP40 lipid specificity in a model of viral egress we employed giant unilamellar vesicles with different lipid compositions. The results demonstrate VP40 selectively induces vesiculation from membranes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) at concentrations of PS that are representative of the PM inner leaflet content. The formation of intraluminal vesicles was not significantly detected in the presence of other important PM lipids including cholesterol and polyvalent phosphoinositides, further demonstrating PS selectivity. Taken together, these studies suggest that PM phosphatidylserine may be an important component of Ebola virus budding and that VP40 may be able to mediate PM scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita P Soni
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617 and
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617 and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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23
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Paramyxovirus glycoprotein incorporation, assembly and budding: a three way dance for infectious particle production. Viruses 2014; 6:3019-54. [PMID: 25105277 PMCID: PMC4147685 DOI: 10.3390/v6083019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are a family of negative sense RNA viruses whose members cause serious diseases in humans, such as measles virus, mumps virus and respiratory syncytial virus; and in animals, such as Newcastle disease virus and rinderpest virus. Paramyxovirus particles form by assembly of the viral matrix protein, the ribonucleoprotein complex and the surface glycoproteins at the plasma membrane of infected cells and subsequent viral budding. Two major glycoproteins expressed on the viral envelope, the attachment protein and the fusion protein, promote attachment of the virus to host cells and subsequent virus-cell membrane fusion. Incorporation of the surface glycoproteins into infectious progeny particles requires coordinated interplay between the three viral structural components, driven primarily by the matrix protein. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the contributions of the matrix protein and glycoproteins in driving paramyxovirus assembly and budding while focusing on the viral protein interactions underlying this process and the intracellular trafficking pathways for targeting viral components to assembly sites. Differences in the mechanisms of particle production among the different family members will be highlighted throughout.
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24
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Structural analysis of respiratory syncytial virus reveals the position of M2-1 between the matrix protein and the ribonucleoprotein complex. J Virol 2014; 88:7602-17. [PMID: 24760890 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00256-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome viruses, is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and the elderly or immunocompromised. There are many open questions regarding the processes that regulate human RSV (hRSV) assembly and budding. Here, using cryo-electron tomography, we identified virus particles that were spherical, filamentous, and asymmetric in structure, all within the same virus preparation. The three particle morphologies maintained a similar organization of the surface glycoproteins, matrix protein (M), M2-1, and the ribonucleoprotein (RNP). RNP filaments were traced in three dimensions (3D), and their total length was calculated. The measurements revealed the inclusion of multiple full-length genome copies per particle. RNP was associated with the membrane whenever the M layer was present. The amount of M coverage ranged from 24% to 86% in the different morphologies. Using fluorescence light microscopy (fLM), direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), and a proximity ligation assay (PLA), we provide evidence illustrating that M2-1 is located between RNP and M in isolated viral particles. In addition, regular spacing of the M2-1 densities was resolved when hRSV viruses were imaged using Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) cryo-electron tomography. Our studies provide a more complete characterization of the hRSV virion structure and substantiation that M and M2-1 regulate virus organization. IMPORTANCE hRSV is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children as well as elderly or immunocompromised individuals. We used cryo-electron tomography and Zernike phase contrast cryo-electron tomography to visualize populations of purified hRSV in 3D. We observed the three distinct morphologies, spherical, filamentous, and asymmetric, which maintained comparable organizational profiles. Depending on the virus morphology examined, the amount of M ranged from 24% to 86%. We complemented the cryo-imaging studies with fluorescence microscopy, dSTORM, and a proximity ligation assay to provide additional evidence that M2-1 is incorporated into viral particles and is positioned between M and RNP. The results highlight the impact of M and M2-1 on the regulation of hRSV organization.
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Abstract
This review is a partially personal account of the discovery of virus structure and its implication for virus function. Although I have endeavored to cover all aspects of structural virology and to acknowledge relevant individuals, I know that I have favored taking examples from my own experience in telling this story. I am anxious to apologize to all those who I might have unintentionally offended by omitting their work. The first knowledge of virus structure was a result of Stanley's studies of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the subsequent X-ray fiber diffraction analysis by Bernal and Fankuchen in the 1930s. At about the same time it became apparent that crystals of small RNA plant and animal viruses could diffract X-rays, demonstrating that viruses must have distinct and unique structures. More advances were made in the 1950s with the realization by Watson and Crick that viruses might have icosahedral symmetry. With the improvement of experimental and computational techniques in the 1970s, it became possible to determine the three-dimensional, near-atomic resolution structures of some small icosahedral plant and animal RNA viruses. It was a great surprise that the protecting capsids of the first virus structures to be determined had the same architecture. The capsid proteins of these viruses all had a 'jelly-roll' fold and, furthermore, the organization of the capsid protein in the virus were similar, suggesting a common ancestral virus from which many of today's viruses have evolved. By this time a more detailed structure of TMV had also been established, but both the architecture and capsid protein fold were quite different to that of the icosahedral viruses. The small icosahedral RNA virus structures were also informative of how and where cellular receptors, anti-viral compounds, and neutralizing antibodies bound to these viruses. However, larger lipid membrane enveloped viruses did not form sufficiently ordered crystals to obtain good X-ray diffraction. Starting in the 1990s, these enveloped viruses were studied by combining cryo-electron microscopy of the whole virus with X-ray crystallography of their protein components. These structures gave information on virus assembly, virus neutralization by antibodies, and virus fusion with and entry into the host cell. The same techniques were also employed in the study of complex bacteriophages that were too large to crystallize. Nevertheless, there still remained many pleomorphic, highly pathogenic viruses that lacked the icosahedral symmetry and homogeneity that had made the earlier structural investigations possible. Currently some of these viruses are starting to be studied by combining X-ray crystallography with cryo-electron tomography.
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Soni SP, Adu-Gyamfi E, Yong SS, Jee CS, Stahelin RV. The Ebola virus matrix protein deeply penetrates the plasma membrane: an important step in viral egress. Biophys J 2013; 104:1940-9. [PMID: 23663837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus, from the Filoviridae family has a high fatality rate in humans and nonhuman primates and to date, to the best of our knowledge, has no FDA approved vaccines or therapeutics. Viral protein 40 (VP40) is the major Ebola virus matrix protein that regulates assembly and egress of infectious Ebola virus particles. It is well established that VP40 assembles on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane; however, the mechanistic details of VP40 membrane binding that are important for viral release remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used fluorescence quenching of a tryptophan on the membrane-binding interface with brominated lipids along with mutagenesis of VP40 to understand the depth of membrane penetration into lipid bilayers. Experimental results indicate that VP40 penetrates 8.1 Å into the hydrocarbon core of the plasma membrane bilayer. VP40 also induces substantial changes to membrane curvature as it tubulates liposomes and induces vesiculation into giant unilamellar vesicles, effects that are abrogated by hydrophobic mutations. This is a critical step in viral egress as cellular assays demonstrate that hydrophobic residues that penetrate deeply into the plasma membrane are essential for plasma membrane localization and virus-like particle formation and release from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita P Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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27
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Thermal stability of matrix protein from Newcastle disease virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Virus budding is a complex, multistep process in which viral proteins make specific alterations in membrane curvature. Many different viral proteins can deform the membrane and form a budding virion, but very few can mediate membrane scission to complete the budding process. As a result, enveloped viruses have developed numerous ways of facilitating membrane scission, including hijacking host cellular scission machinery and expressing their own scission proteins. These proteins mediate scission in very different ways, though the biophysical mechanics underlying their actions may be similar. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of membrane scission and the ways in which enveloped viruses use these systems to mediate the release of budding virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Rossman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom;
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Wu NW, Zhang J, Ciren D, Han Q, Chen LJ, Xu L, Yang HB. Construction of Supramolecular Pyrene-Modified Metallacycles via Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and Their Spectroscopic Behavior. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301108s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Deji Ciren
- Department of Public Teaching, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, 8 Xueyuan Road, Linzhi,
Tibet 860000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062,
People’s Republic of China
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Ward KE, Ropa JP, Adu-Gyamfi E, Stahelin RV. C2 domain membrane penetration by group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A₂ induces membrane curvature changes. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2656-66. [PMID: 22991194 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)α) is an 85 kDa enzyme that regulates the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from the sn-2 position of membrane phospholipids. It is well established that cPLA(2)α binds zwitterionic lipids such as phosphatidylcholine in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner through its N-terminal C2 domain, which regulates its translocation to cellular membranes. In addition to its role in AA synthesis, it has been shown that cPLA(2)α promotes tubulation and vesiculation of the Golgi and regulates trafficking of endosomes. Additionally, the isolated C2 domain of cPLA(2)α is able to reconstitute Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, suggesting that C2 domain membrane binding is sufficient for phagosome formation. These reported activities of cPLA(2)α and its C2 domain require changes in membrane structure, but the ability of the C2 domain to promote changes in membrane shape has not been reported. Here we demonstrate that the C2 domain of cPLA(2)α is able to induce membrane curvature changes to lipid vesicles, giant unilamellar vesicles, and membrane sheets. Biophysical assays combined with mutagenesis of C2 domain residues involved in membrane penetration demonstrate that membrane insertion by the C2 domain is required for membrane deformation, suggesting that C2 domain-induced membrane structural changes may be an important step in signaling pathways mediated by cPLA(2)α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
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31
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Abstract
Many pleomorphic, lipid-enveloped viruses encode matrix proteins that direct their assembly and budding, but the mechanism of this process is unclear. We have combined X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron tomography to show that the matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus, a paramyxovirus and relative of measles virus, forms dimers that assemble into pseudotetrameric arrays that generate the membrane curvature necessary for virus budding. We show that the glycoproteins are anchored in the gaps between the matrix proteins and that the helical nucleocapsids are associated in register with the matrix arrays. About 90% of virions lack matrix arrays, suggesting that, in agreement with previous biological observations, the matrix protein needs to dissociate from the viral membrane during maturation, as is required for fusion and release of the nucleocapsid into the host's cytoplasm. Structure and sequence conservation imply that other paramyxovirus matrix proteins function similarly.
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Adu-Gyamfi E, Digman MA, Gratton E, Stahelin RV. Investigation of Ebola VP40 assembly and oligomerization in live cells using number and brightness analysis. Biophys J 2012; 102:2517-25. [PMID: 22713567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus assembles and buds from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, which is primarily attributed to its major matrix protein VP40. Oligomerization of VP40 has been shown to be essential to the life cycle of the virus including formation of virions from infected cells. To date, VP40 oligomerization has mainly been assessed by chemical cross-linking following cell fractionation studies with VP40 transfected cells. This has made it difficult to discern the spatial and temporal dynamics of VP40 oligomerization. To gain a better understanding of the VP40 assembly and oligomerization process in live cells, we have employed real-time imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein tagged VP40. Here, we use both confocal and total internal reflection microscopy coupled with number and brightness analysis to show that VP40 oligomers are localized on the plasma membrane and are highly enriched at sites of membrane protrusion, consistent with sites of viral budding. These filamentous plasma membrane protrusion sites harbor VP40 hexamers, octamers, and higher order oligomers. Consistent with previous reports, abrogation of VP40 oligomerization through mutagenesis greatly diminished VP40 egress and also abolished membrane protrusion sites enriched with VP40. In sum, real-time single-molecule imaging of fluorescently labeled Ebola VP40 is able to resolve the spatial and temporal dynamics of VP40 oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Frolov VA, Shnyrova AV, Zimmerberg J. Lipid polymorphisms and membrane shape. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a004747. [PMID: 21646378 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphological plasticity of biological membrane is critical for cellular life, as cells need to quickly rearrange their membranes. Yet, these rearrangements are constrained in two ways. First, membrane transformations may not lead to undesirable mixing of, or leakage from, the participating cellular compartments. Second, membrane systems should be metastable at large length scales, ensuring the correct function of the particular organelle and its turnover during cellular division. Lipids, through their ability to exist with many shapes (polymorphism), provide an adequate construction material for cellular membranes. They can self-assemble into shells that are very flexible, albeit hardly stretchable, which allows for their far-reaching morphological and topological behaviors. In this article, we will discuss the importance of lipid polymorphisms in the shaping of membranes and its role in controlling cellular membrane morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Frolov
- Unidad de Biofisica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
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Barroso-González J, García-Expósito L, Puigdomènech I, de Armas-Rillo L, Machado JD, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. Viral infection: Moving through complex and dynamic cell-membrane structures. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:398-408. [PMID: 21966556 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.4.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed different survival strategies in host cells by crossing cell-membrane compartments, during different steps of their viral life cycle. In fact, the non-regenerative viral membrane of enveloped viruses needs to encounter the dynamic cell-host membrane, during early steps of the infection process, in which both membranes fuse, either at cell-surface or in an endocytic compartment, to promote viral entry and infection. Once inside the cell, many viruses accomplish their replication process through exploiting or modulating membrane traffic, and generating specialized compartments to assure viral replication, viral budding and spreading, which also serve to evade the immune responses against the pathogen. In this review, we have attempted to present some data that highlight the importance of membrane dynamics during viral entry and replicative processes, in order to understand how viruses use and move through different complex and dynamic cell-membrane structures and how they use them to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barroso-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral; Laboratorio de Neurosecreción; Unidad de Farmacología; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB); Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
| | - Laura García-Expósito
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral; Laboratorio de Neurosecreción; Unidad de Farmacología; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB); Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
| | - Isabel Puigdomènech
- Fundació irsiCaixa-HIVACAT; Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP); Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Laura de Armas-Rillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral; Laboratorio de Neurosecreción; Unidad de Farmacología; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB); Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
| | - José-David Machado
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral; Laboratorio de Neurosecreción; Unidad de Farmacología; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB); Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
| | - Julià Blanco
- Fundació irsiCaixa-HIVACAT; Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP); Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral; Laboratorio de Neurosecreción; Unidad de Farmacología; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB); Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
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35
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Designed fluorescent probes reveal interactions between amyloid-beta(1-40) peptides and GM1 gangliosides in micelles and lipid vesicles. Biophys J 2010; 99:1510-9. [PMID: 20816063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of the common Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the pathological conversion of its amphiphatic amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide into neurotoxic aggregates. In AD patients, these aggregates are often found to be tightly associated with neuronal G(M1) ganglioside lipids, suggesting an involvement of G(M1) not only in aggregate formation but also in neurotoxic events. Significant interactions were found between micelles made of newly synthesized fluorescent G(M1) gangliosides labeled in the polar headgroup or the hydrophobic chain and Abeta(1-40) peptide labeled with a BODIPY-FL-C1 fluorophore at positions 12 and 26, respectively. From an analysis of energy transfer between the different fluorescence labels and their location in the molecules, we were able to place the Abeta peptide inside G(M1) micelles, close to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface. Large unilamellar vesicles composed of a raftlike G(M1)/bSM/cholesterol lipid composition doped with labeled G(M1) at various positions also interact with labeled Abeta peptide tagged to amino acids 2 or 26. A faster energy transfer was observed from the Abeta peptide to bilayers doped with 581/591-BODIPY-C(11)-G(M1) in the nonpolar part of the lipid compared with 581/591-BODIPY-C(5)-G(M1) residing in the polar headgroup. These data are compatible with a clustering process of G(M1) molecules, an effect that not only increases the Abeta peptide affinity, but also causes a pronounced Abeta peptide penetration deeper into the lipid membrane; all these factors are potentially involved in Abeta peptide aggregate formation due to an altered ganglioside metabolism found in AD patients.
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Hurley JH, Boura E, Carlson LA, Różycki B. Membrane budding. Cell 2010; 143:875-87. [PMID: 21145455 PMCID: PMC3102176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane budding is a key step in vesicular transport, multivesicular body biogenesis, and enveloped virus release. These events range from those that are primarily protein driven, such as the formation of coated vesicles, to those that are primarily lipid driven, such as microdomain-dependent biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. Other types of budding reside in the middle of this spectrum, including caveolae biogenesis, HIV-1 budding, and ESCRT-catalyzed multivesicular body formation. Some of these latter events involve budding away from cytosol, and this unusual topology involves unique mechanisms. This Review discusses progress toward understanding the structural and energetic bases of these different membrane-budding paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hurley
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0580, USA.
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Harrison MS, Sakaguchi T, Schmitt AP. Paramyxovirus assembly and budding: building particles that transmit infections. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1416-29. [PMID: 20398786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The paramyxoviruses define a diverse group of enveloped RNA viruses that includes a number of important human and animal pathogens. Examples include human respiratory syncytial virus and the human parainfluenza viruses, which cause respiratory illnesses in young children and the elderly; measles and mumps viruses, which have caused recent resurgences of disease in developed countries; the zoonotic Hendra and Nipah viruses, which have caused several outbreaks of fatal disease in Australia and Asia; and Newcastle disease virus, which infects chickens and other avian species. Like other enveloped viruses, paramyxoviruses form particles that assemble and bud from cellular membranes, allowing the transmission of infections to new cells and hosts. Here, we review recent advances that have improved our understanding of events involved in paramyxovirus particle formation. Contributions of viral matrix proteins, glycoproteins, nucleocapsid proteins, and accessory proteins to particle formation are discussed, as well as the importance of host factor recruitment for efficient virus budding. Trafficking of viral structural components within infected cells is described, together with mechanisms that allow for the selection of specific sites on cellular membranes for the coalescence of viral proteins in preparation of bud formation and virion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Harrison
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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38
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Abstract
Cellular membranes can assume a number of highly dynamic shapes. Many cellular processes also require transient membrane deformations. Membrane shape is determined by the complex interactions of proteins and lipids. A number of families of proteins that directly bend membranes have been identified. Most associate transiently with membranes and deform them. These proteins work by one or more of three types of mechanisms. First, some bend membranes by inserting amphipathic domains into one of the leaflets of the bilayer; increasing the area of only one leaflet causes the membrane to bend. Second, some proteins form a rigid scaffold that deforms the underlying membrane or stabilizes an already bent membrane. Third, some proteins may deform membranes by clustering lipids or by affecting lipid ordering in membranes. Still other proteins may use novel but poorly understood mechanisms. In this review, we summarize what is known about how different families of proteins bend membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Prinz
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Robbins GP, Jimbo M, Swift J, Therien MJ, Hammer DA, Dmochowski IJ. Photoinitiated destruction of composite porphyrin-protein polymersomes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3872-4. [PMID: 19249827 PMCID: PMC2737531 DOI: 10.1021/ja808586q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bilayer vesicles assembled from amphiphilic diblock copolymers (polymersomes) adopt asymmetric structures when loaded with moderate concentrations (>or=1.5 mg/mL) of horse spleen ferritin (HSF) or its iron-free variant (HSAF). Incorporation of both ferritin and a zinc porphyrin dimer (PZn(2)) generates photoresponsive vesicles: irradiation with focused light of near-UV to near-IR wavelengths induces polymersome deformation and destruction on the minute time scale. To investigate this phenomenon, polymersomes were loaded with dye-labeled ferritin and PZn(2). Confocal microscopy identified BODIPY-FL-labeled ferritin at the membrane, whereas Cy3-labeled ferritin was found both at the membrane and throughout the aqueous core. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments confirmed that Cy3- and BODIPY-FL-labeled ferritin and PZn(2) exhibited slow diffusion at the membrane, consistent with membrane association. Furthermore, micropipette aspiration experiments revealed increased elastic moduli and altered bending rigidity in vesicles incorporating HSAF. Finally, a small molecule (biocytin) was encapsulated within the ferritin-PZn(2) vesicles and released upon exposure to light. These data indicate synergy between ferritin, whose membrane association lowers the barrier to deformation, and PZn(2), which embeds in the membrane, harvests light energy and produces local heating that may lead to membrane budding. This appears to be a general protein-polymer membrane phenomenon, as replacement of ferritin with bovine serum albumin or equine skeletal myoglobin resulted in vesicles with similar asymmetric morphology and photosensitivity.
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Abstract
Enveloped virus particles select their lipid-protein components and egress by budding from the host cell membranes. The matrix protein of many enveloped viruses has been proposed as a crucial element for viral budding; however, molecular mechanisms behind membrane remodeling by the matrix protein are yet to be unraveled. Here, we describe a set of in vitro functional reconstitution assays that allow quantitative evaluation of both, membrane binding and creation of membrane curvature by the matrix protein isolated from Newcastle Disease Virus. Individual budding events orchestrated by the matrix protein can be resolved in real time. The assays may be applied for direct reconstitution of the on-membrane action of cellular proteins involved in membrane curvature induction upon binding in vivo.
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Shnyrova A, Frolov VA, Zimmerberg J. ER biogenesis: self-assembly of tubular topology by protein hairpins. Curr Biol 2008; 18:R474-6. [PMID: 18522819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on members of the reticulon and DP1/Yop1p families. Two of these proteins are sufficient to form tubular membrane networks from pure phospholipid vesicles, thus revealing a new paradigm of ER morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shnyrova
- Program on Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1855, USA
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43
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Rafelski SM, Marshall WF. Building the cell: design principles of cellular architecture. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008; 9:593-602. [PMID: 18648373 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The astounding structural complexity of a cell arises from the action of a relatively small number of genes, raising the question of how this complexity is achieved. Self-organizing processes combined with simple physical constraints seem to have key roles in controlling organelle size, number, shape and position, and these factors then combine to produce the overall cell architecture. By examining how these parameters are controlled in specific cell biological examples we can identify a handful of simple design principles that seem to underlie cellular architecture and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Rafelski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
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Sens P, Johannes L, Bassereau P. Biophysical approaches to protein-induced membrane deformations in trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008; 20:476-82. [PMID: 18539448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane traffic requires membrane deformation to generate vesicles and tubules. Strong evidence suggests that assembly of curvature-active proteins can drive such membrane shape changes. Well-documented pathways often involve protein scaffolds, in particular coats (clathrin or COP). However, membrane curvature should, in principle, be influenced by any protein binding asymmetrically on a membrane; large membrane morphological changes could result from their aggregation. In the case of Shiga toxin or viral matrix proteins, tubules and buds appear to result from the cargo-driven formation of protein-lipid nanodomains, showing that collective protein behaviour is crucial in the process. We argue here that a combination of in vitro experiments on giant unilamellar vesicles and theoretical modelling based on statistical physics is ideally suited to tackle these collective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Gulliver, ESPCI, CNRS-UMR 7083, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
Crescent-shaped BAR domains are generic actors in the creation of membrane curvature. In this issue, Frost et al. (2008) reveal how collective twisting of rigid F-BAR domains on a soft membrane surface may lead to different membrane curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Frolov
- Program on Physical Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855, USA
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