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Thomas A, Meraldi P. Centrosome age breaks spindle size symmetry even in cells thought to divide symmetrically. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311153. [PMID: 39012627 PMCID: PMC11252449 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the main microtubule-organizing centers in animal cells. Due to the semiconservative nature of centrosome duplication, the two centrosomes differ in age. In asymmetric stem cell divisions, centrosome age can induce an asymmetry in half-spindle lengths. However, whether centrosome age affects the symmetry of the two half-spindles in tissue culture cells thought to divide symmetrically is unknown. Here, we show that in human epithelial and fibroblastic cell lines centrosome age imposes a mild spindle asymmetry that leads to asymmetric cell daughter sizes. At the mechanistic level, we show that this asymmetry depends on a cenexin-bound pool of the mitotic kinase Plk1, which favors the preferential accumulation on old centrosomes of the microtubule nucleation-organizing proteins pericentrin, γ-tubulin, and Cdk5Rap2, and microtubule regulators TPX2 and ch-TOG. Consistently, we find that old centrosomes have a higher microtubule nucleation capacity. We postulate that centrosome age breaks spindle size symmetry via microtubule nucleation even in cells thought to divide symmetrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thomas
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rajam SM, Varghese PC, Shirude MB, Syed KM, Devarajan A, Natarajan K, Dutta D. Kinase activity of histone chaperone APLF maintains steady state of centrosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151439. [PMID: 38968704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed the role of mouse Aprataxin PNK-like Factor (APLF) in development. Nevertheless, the comprehensive characterization of mouse APLF remains entirely unexplored. Based on domain deletion studies, here we report that mouse APLF's Acidic Domain and Fork Head Associated (FHA) domain can chaperone histones and repair DNA like the respective human orthologs. Immunofluorescence studies in mouse embryonic stem cells showed APLF co-localized with γ-tubulin within and around the centrosomes and govern the number and integrity of centrosomes via PLK4 phosphorylation. Enzymatic analysis established mouse APLF as a kinase. Docking studies identified three putative ATP binding sites within the FHA domain. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that R37 residue within the FHA domain is indispensable for the kinase activity of APLF thereby regulating the centrosome number. These findings might assist us comprehend APLF in different pathological and developmental conditions and reveal non-canonical kinase activity of proteins harbouring FHA domains that might impact multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthy Manuraj Rajam
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Pallavi Chinnu Varghese
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Mayur Balkrishna Shirude
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Khaja Mohieddin Syed
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Anjali Devarajan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Transdisciplinary Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
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Zhang W, Dong J, Wu Y, Liang X, Suo L, Wang L. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Oncogenic, Survival, and Prognostic Characteristics of TPX2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10840-3. [PMID: 38833082 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), a well-known mitotic protein, has been linked to carcinogenesis in several cancers. This study investigated the role of TPX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from various aspects using bioinformatic analyses. TPX2 expression and its prognostic value in pan-cancers were analyzed using SangerBox. TPX2 expression and its association with prognosis, immune infiltration, tumor mutations, and signaling pathways in HCC were analyzed using UALCAN, BoxKaplan-Meier Plotter, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER 2.0, and SangerBox. Genes co-expressed with TPX2 in HCC were analyzed using the HCCDB database, followed by functional enrichment using SangerBox. Clinical predictive models were established based on TPX2 and its co-expressed genes using the ACLBI database. TPX2 expression significantly increased in pan-cancers and was associated with survival in nearly half of the cancer types. High TPX2 expression has been linked to poor survival outcomes in patients with HCC. TPX2 expression was positively correlated with abundant infiltration of immune cells (including B cells, CD4 + /CD8 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), TP53 mutation, and carcinogenesis-related pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cellular response to hypoxia, and tumor proliferation signature. Nineteen genes were found to be co-expressed with TPX2 in HCC, and these genes showed close positive correlations and were mainly implicated in cell cycle-related functions. A prognostic model established using TPX2 and its expressed genes could stratify HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups, with a significantly shorter survival time in high-risk groups. The prognostic model performed well in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of patients with HCC, with areas under the curve of 0.801, 0.725, and 0.711, respectively. TPX2 functions as an oncogene in HCC, and its high expression is detrimental to the survival of patients with HCC. Thus, TPX2 may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Dong
- Department of Radiology, Jinzhou Maternity and Infant Hospital, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Marugán C, Sanz‐Gómez N, Ortigosa B, Monfort‐Vengut A, Bertinetti C, Teijo A, González M, Alonso de la Vega A, Lallena MJ, Moreno‐Bueno G, de Cárcer G. TPX2 overexpression promotes sensitivity to dasatinib in breast cancer by activating YAP transcriptional signaling. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1531-1551. [PMID: 38357786 PMCID: PMC11161735 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, providing genetic plasticity and tumor heterogeneity that allows the tumor to evolve and adapt to stress conditions. CIN is considered a cancer therapeutic biomarker because healthy cells do not exhibit CIN. Despite recent efforts to identify therapeutic strategies related to CIN, the results obtained have been very limited. CIN is characterized by a genetic signature where a collection of genes, mostly mitotic regulators, are overexpressed in CIN-positive tumors, providing aggressiveness and poor prognosis. We attempted to identify new therapeutic strategies related to CIN genes by performing a drug screen, using cells that individually express CIN-associated genes in an inducible manner. We find that the overexpression of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) enhances sensitivity to the proto-oncogene c-Src (SRC) inhibitor dasatinib due to activation of the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. Furthermore, using breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a cohort of cancer-derived patient samples, we find that both TPX2 overexpression and YAP activation are present in a significant percentage of cancer tumor samples and are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, they are putative biomarkers for selection for dasatinib therapy.
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Grants
- 2018-20I114 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- 2021-AEP035 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- 2022-20I018 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- FJC2020-044620-I Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2019-104644RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2021-125705OB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- PID2022-136854OB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- RTI2018-095496-B-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/FEDER
- CB16/12/00295 Instituto de Salud Carlos III - CIBERONC
- LABAE16017DECA Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- POSTD234371SANZ Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- PROYE19036MOR Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marugán
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- Discovery Chemistry Research and TechnologyEli Lilly and CompanyMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Sanz‐Gómez
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Ortigosa
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Ana Monfort‐Vengut
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Cristina Bertinetti
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Ana Teijo
- Pathology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer CenterMadridSpain
| | - Marta González
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Alicia Alonso de la Vega
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - María José Lallena
- Discovery Chemistry Research and TechnologyEli Lilly and CompanyMadridSpain
| | - Gema Moreno‐Bueno
- Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- MD Anderson International FoundationMadridSpain
- Biomedical Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- CSIC Conexión‐Cáncer Hub (https://conexion‐cancer.csic.es)
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle & Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐Morreale (IIBM) CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CSIC Conexión‐Cáncer Hub (https://conexion‐cancer.csic.es)
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Sun S, Zhou J, Liu P. Liquid-liquid phase separation of microtubule-binding proteins in the regulation of spindle assembly. Cell Prolif 2024:e13649. [PMID: 38736355 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division is a highly regulated process essential for the accurate segregation of chromosomes. Central to this process is the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle, a highly dynamic microtubule (MT)-based structure responsible for chromosome movement. The nucleation and dynamics of MTs are intricately regulated by MT-binding proteins. Over the recent years, various MT-binding proteins have been reported to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, forming either single- or multi-component condensates on MTs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the phase separation characteristics of these proteins. We underscore their critical roles in MT nucleation, spindle assembly and kinetochore-MT attachment during the cell division process. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and various remaining unsolved problems, highlights the ongoing research efforts aimed at a deeper understanding of the role of the phase separation process during spindle assembly and orientation. Our review aims to contribute to the collective knowledge in this area and stimulate further investigations that will enhance our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms governing cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Naso FD, Polverino F, Cilluffo D, Latini L, Stagni V, Asteriti IA, Rosa A, Soddu S, Guarguaglini G. AurkA/TPX2 co-overexpression in nontransformed cells promotes genome instability through induction of chromosome mis-segregation and attenuation of the p53 signalling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167116. [PMID: 38447882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Aurora-A kinase (AurkA) and its major regulator TPX2 (Targeting Protein for Xklp2) are key mitotic players frequently co-overexpressed in human cancers, and the link between deregulation of the AurkA/TPX2 complex and tumourigenesis is actively investigated. Chromosomal instability, one of the hallmarks of cancer related to the development of intra-tumour heterogeneity, metastasis and chemo-resistance, has been frequently associated with TPX2-overexpressing tumours. In this study we aimed to investigate the actual contribution to chromosomal instability of deregulating the AurkA/TPX2 complex, by overexpressing it in nontransformed hTERT RPE-1 cells. Our results show that overexpression of both AurkA and TPX2 results in increased AurkA activation and severe mitotic defects, compared to AurkA overexpression alone. We also show that AurkA/TPX2 co-overexpression yields increased aneuploidy in daughter cells and the generation of micronucleated cells. Interestingly, the p53/p21 axis response is impaired in AurkA/TPX2 overexpressing cells subjected to different stimuli; consistently, cells acquire increased ability to proliferate after independent induction of mitotic errors, i.e. following nocodazole treatment. Based on our observation that increased levels of the AurkA/TPX2 complex affect chromosome segregation fidelity and interfere with the activation of a pivotal surveillance mechanism in response to altered cell division, we propose that co-overexpression of AurkA and TPX2 per se represents a condition promoting the generation of a genetically unstable context in nontransformed human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Davide Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Cilluffo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Latini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Venturina Stagni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Signal Transduction Unit, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Xu J, Zhu L, Xu J, Lin K, Wang J, Bi YL, Xu GT, Tian H, Gao F, Jin C, Lu L. The identification of a novel shared therapeutic target and drug across all insulin-sensitive tissues under insulin resistance. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1381779. [PMID: 38595789 PMCID: PMC11002099 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1381779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To identify key and shared insulin resistance (IR) molecular signatures across all insulin-sensitive tissues (ISTs), and their potential targeted drugs. Methods Three datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were acquired, in which the ISTs (fat, muscle, and liver) were from the same individual with obese mice. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to determine the "most significant trait-related genes" (MSTRGs). Enrichment analysis and PPI network were performed to find common features and novel hub genes in ISTs. The shared genes of DEGs and genes between DEGs and MSTRGs across four ISTs were identified as key IR therapeutic target. The Attie Lab diabetes database and obese rats were used to verify candidate genes. A medical drug-gene interaction network was conducted by using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to find potential targeted drugs. The candidate drug was validated in Hepa1-6 cells. Results Lipid metabolic process, mitochondrion, and oxidoreductase activity as common features were enriched from ISTs under an obese context. Thirteen shared genes (Ubd, Lbp, Hp, Arntl, Cfd, Npas2, Thrsp., Tpx2, Pkp1, Sftpd, Mthfd2, Tnfaip2, and Vnn3) of DEGs across ISTs were obtained and confirmed. Among them, Ubd was the only shared gene between DEGs and MSTRGs across four ISTs. The expression of Ubd was significantly upregulated across four ISTs in obese rats, especially in the liver. The IR Hepa1-6 cell models treated with dexamethasone (Dex), palmitic acid (PA), and 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib) had elevated expression of Ubd. Knockdown of Ubd increased the level of p-Akt. A lowing Ubd expression drug, promethazine (PMZ) from CTD analysis rescued the decreased p-Akt level in IR Hepa1-6 cells. Conclusion This study revealed Ubd, a novel and shared IR molecular signature across four ISTs, as an effective biomarker and provided new insight into the mechanisms of IR. PMZ was a candidate drug for IR which increased p-Akt level and thus improved IR by targeting Ubd and downregulation of Ubd expression. Both Ubd and PMZ merit further clinical translational investigation to improve IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-long Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology of Ten People Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Paim LMG, Lopez-Jauregui AA, McAlear TS, Bechstedt S. The spindle protein CKAP2 regulates microtubule dynamics and ensures faithful chromosome segregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318782121. [PMID: 38381793 PMCID: PMC10907244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318782121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) is essential for mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Altered microtubule dynamics, particularly increased microtubule growth rates, were found to be a contributing factor for the development of chromosomal instability, which potentiates tumorigenesis. The MAP XMAP215/CKAP5 is the only known microtubule growth factor, and whether other MAPs regulate microtubule growth in cells is unclear. Our recent in vitro reconstitution experiments have demonstrated that Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein 2 (CKAP2) increases microtubule nucleation and growth rates, and here, we find that CKAP2 is also an essential microtubule growth factor in cells. By applying CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in and knock-out (KO) as well as microtubule plus-end tracking live cell imaging, we show that CKAP2 is a mitotic spindle protein that ensures faithful chromosome segregation by regulating microtubule growth. Live cell imaging of endogenously labeled CKAP2 showed that it localizes to the spindle during mitosis and rapidly shifts its localization to the chromatin upon mitotic exit before being degraded. Cells lacking CKAP2 display reduced microtubule growth rates and an increased proportion of chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy that may be a result of an accumulation of kinetochore-microtubule misattachments. Microtubule growth rates and chromosome segregation fidelity can be rescued upon ectopic CKAP2 expression in KO cells, revealing a direct link between CKAP2 expression and microtubule dynamics. Our results unveil a role of CKAP2 in regulating microtubule growth in cells and provide a mechanistic explanation for the oncogenic potential of CKAP2 misregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Mara Gomes Paim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Thomas S. McAlear
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Susanne Bechstedt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
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Ding Y, Gao W, Qin Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Lai W, Yang Y, Guo K, Li P, Zhou S, Hu H. Single-cell RNA landscape of the special fiber initiation process in Bombax ceiba. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100554. [PMID: 36772797 PMCID: PMC10518721 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As a new source of natural fibers, the Bombax ceiba tree can provide thin, light, extremely soft and warm fiber material for the textile industry. Natural fibers are an ideal model system for studying cell growth and differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate fiber initiation are not fully understood. In B. ceiba, we found that fiber cells differentiate from the epidermis of the inner ovary wall. Each initiated cell then divides into a cluster of fiber cells that eventually develop into mature fibers, a process very different from the classical fiber initiation process of cotton. We used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to examine the special characteristics of fiber initiation in B. ceiba. A total of 15 567 high-quality cells were identified from the inner wall of the B. ceiba ovary, and 347 potential marker genes for fiber initiation cell types were identified. Two major cell types, initiated fiber cells and epidermal cells, were identified and verified by RNA in situ hybridization. A developmental trajectory analysis was used to reconstruct the process of fiber cell differentiation in B. ceiba. Comparative analysis of scRNA-seq data from B. ceiba and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) confirmed that the additional cell division process in B. ceiba is a novel species-specific mechanism for fiber cell development. Candidate genes and key regulators that may contribute to fiber cell differentiation and division in B. ceiba were identified. This work reveals gene expression signatures during B. ceiba fiber initiation at a single-cell resolution, providing a new strategy and viewpoint for investigation of natural fiber cell differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Ding
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhennan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Lai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ping Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shihan Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China.
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10
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Valdez VA, Neahring L, Petry S, Dumont S. Mechanisms underlying spindle assembly and robustness. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:523-542. [PMID: 36977834 PMCID: PMC10642710 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule-based spindle orchestrates chromosome segregation during cell division. Following more than a century of study, many components and pathways contributing to spindle assembly have been described, but how the spindle robustly assembles remains incompletely understood. This process involves the self-organization of a large number of molecular parts - up to hundreds of thousands in vertebrate cells - whose local interactions give rise to a cellular-scale structure with emergent architecture, mechanics and function. In this Review, we discuss key concepts in our understanding of spindle assembly, focusing on recent advances and the new approaches that enabled them. We describe the pathways that generate the microtubule framework of the spindle by driving microtubule nucleation in a spatially controlled fashion and present recent insights regarding the organization of individual microtubules into structural modules. Finally, we discuss the emergent properties of the spindle that enable robust chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lila Neahring
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Petry
- Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Asteriti IA, Polverino F, Stagni V, Sterbini V, Ascanelli C, Naso FD, Mastrangelo A, Rosa A, Paiardini A, Lindon C, Guarguaglini G. AurkA nuclear localization is promoted by TPX2 and counteracted by protein degradation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201726. [PMID: 36797043 PMCID: PMC9936162 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AurkA kinase is a well-known mitotic regulator, frequently overexpressed in tumors. The microtubule-binding protein TPX2 controls AurkA activity, localization, and stability in mitosis. Non-mitotic roles of AurkA are emerging, and increased nuclear localization in interphase has been correlated with AurkA oncogenic potential. Still, the mechanisms leading to AurkA nuclear accumulation are poorly explored. Here, we investigated these mechanisms under physiological or overexpression conditions. We observed that AurkA nuclear localization is influenced by the cell cycle phase and nuclear export, but not by its kinase activity. Importantly, AURKA overexpression is not sufficient to determine its accumulation in interphase nuclei, which is instead obtained when AURKA and TPX2 are co-overexpressed or, to a higher extent, when proteasome activity is impaired. Expression analyses show that AURKA, TPX2, and the import regulator CSE1L are co-overexpressed in tumors. Finally, using MCF10A mammospheres we show that TPX2 co-overexpression drives protumorigenic processes downstream of nuclear AurkA. We propose that AURKA/TPX2 co-overexpression in cancer represents a key determinant of AurkA nuclear oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Venturina Stagni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Signal Transduction Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Davide Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mastrangelo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano- < Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Sobajima T, Kowalczyk KM, Skylakakis S, Hayward D, Fulcher LJ, Neary C, Batley C, Kurlekar S, Roberts E, Gruneberg U, Barr FA. PP6 regulation of Aurora A-TPX2 limits NDC80 phosphorylation and mitotic spindle size. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202205117. [PMID: 36897279 PMCID: PMC10041653 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the mitotic kinase Aurora A or loss of its regulator protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) have emerged as drivers of genome instability. Cells lacking PPP6C, the catalytic subunit of PP6, have amplified Aurora A activity, and as we show here, enlarged mitotic spindles which fail to hold chromosomes tightly together in anaphase, causing defective nuclear structure. Using functional genomics to shed light on the processes underpinning these changes, we discover synthetic lethality between PPP6C and the kinetochore protein NDC80. We find that NDC80 is phosphorylated on multiple N-terminal sites during spindle formation by Aurora A-TPX2, exclusively at checkpoint-silenced, microtubule-attached kinetochores. NDC80 phosphorylation persists until spindle disassembly in telophase, is increased in PPP6C knockout cells, and is Aurora B-independent. An Aurora-phosphorylation-deficient NDC80-9A mutant reduces spindle size and suppresses defective nuclear structure in PPP6C knockout cells. In regulating NDC80 phosphorylation by Aurora A-TPX2, PP6 plays an important role in mitotic spindle formation and size control and thus the fidelity of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luke J. Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colette Neary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Batley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samvid Kurlekar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emile Roberts
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis A. Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Song Q, Gao W, Du C, Wang J, Zuo K. Cotton microtubule-associated protein GhMAP20L5 mediates fiber elongation through the interaction with the tubulin GhTUB13. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111545. [PMID: 36464024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeting proteins for Xklp2 (TPX2s) comprise a class of MAPs that are essential for plant growth and development by regulating the dynamic changes of microtubules (MTs) and proper formation of cytoskeleton. However, the function of TPX2 proteins in cotton fiber development remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the function of a fiber elongation-specific TPX2 protein, GhMAP20L5, in cotton. Suppressed GhMAP20L5 gene expression in cotton (GhMAP20L5i) significantly reduced fiber elongation rate, fiber length and lint percentage. GhMAP20L5i fibers had thinner and looser secondary cell walls (SCW), and incompact helix twists. GhMAP20L5 specifically interacted with the tubulin GhTUB13 on the cytoskeleton. Gene coexpression analysis showed that GhMAP20L5 involved in multiple pathways related to cytoskeleton establishment and fiber cell wall formation and affected cellulase genes expressions. In summary, our results revealed that GhMAP20L5 is important for fiber development by regulating cytoskeleton establishment and the cellulose deposition in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Song
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanting Gao
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuanhui Du
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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14
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Effects of Ran-GTP/importin β inhibition on the meiotic division of porcine oocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:571-582. [PMID: 35930054 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ran-GTP/importin β pathway has been implicated in a diverse array of mitotic functions in somatic mitosis; however, the possible meiotic roles of Ran-GTP/importin β in mammalian oocyte meiosis are still not fully understood. In the present study, importazole (IPZ), a small molecule inhibitor of the interaction between Ran and importin β was used to explore the potential meiotic roles of Ran-GTP/importin β in porcine oocytes undergoing meiosis. After IPZ treatment, the extrusion rate of the first polar body (PB1) was significantly decreased, and a higher proportion of the oocytes were arrested at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage. Moreover, IPZ treatment led to severe defects in metaphase I (MI) spindle assembly and chromosome alignment during the germinal vesicle (GV)-to-MI stage, as well as failure of metaphase II (MII) spindle reassembly and homologous chromosome segregation during the MI-to-MII stage. Notably, IPZ treatment decreased TPX2 expression and abnormal subcellular localization. Furthermore, the expression levels of aurora kinase A (AURKA) and transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) were significantly reduced after IPZ treatment. Collectively, these data indicate that the interaction of Ran-GTP and importin β is essential for proper spindle assembly and successful chromosome segregation during two consecutive meiotic divisions in porcine oocytes, and regulation of this complex might be related to its effect on the TPX2 signaling cascades.
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15
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Cha OK, Yang S, Lee H. Transcriptomics Using the Enriched Arabidopsis Shoot Apex Reveals Developmental Priming Genes Involved in Plastic Plant Growth under Salt Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192546. [PMID: 36235412 PMCID: PMC9570865 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the homeostasis of the stem cell population supplying new cells for organ formation is likely a key mechanism of multicellular plant growth and development. As plants are sessile organisms and constantly encounter environmental abiotic stresses, postembryonic development from the shoot stem cell population must be considered with surrounding abiotic stresses for plant adaptation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for plant adaptation remain unclear. Previous studies found that the stem-cell-related mutant clv3-2 has the property of salt tolerance without the differential response of typical stress-responsive genes compared to those in WT Ler. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that shoot meristems contain developmental priming genes having comprehensively converged functions involved in abiotic stress response and development. To better understand the biological process of developmental priming genes in the SAM, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis through comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles between enriched shoot apex and leaf tissues. As a result, 121 putative developmental priming genes differentially expressed in the shoot apex compared to the leaf were identified under normal and salt stress conditions. RNA-seq experiments also revealed the shoot apex-specific responsive genes for salt stress conditions. Based on combinatorial comparisons, 19 developmental priming genes were finally identified, including developmental genes related to cell division and abiotic/biotic-stress-responsive genes. Moreover, some priming genes showed CLV3-dependent responses under salt stress conditions in the clv3-2. These results presumably provide insight into how shoot meristem tissues have relatively high viability against stressful environmental conditions for the developmental plasticity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Horim Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3762-6331
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16
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Batman U, Deretic J, Firat-Karalar EN. The ciliopathy protein CCDC66 controls mitotic progression and cytokinesis by promoting microtubule nucleation and organization. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001708. [PMID: 35849559 PMCID: PMC9333452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal control of microtubule nucleation and organization is critical for faithful segregation of cytoplasmic and genetic material during cell division and signaling via the primary cilium in quiescent cells. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) govern assembly, maintenance, and remodeling of diverse microtubule arrays. While a set of conserved MAPs are only active during cell division, an emerging group of MAPs acts as dual regulators in dividing and nondividing cells. Here, we elucidated the nonciliary functions and molecular mechanism of action of the ciliopathy-linked protein CCDC66, which we previously characterized as a regulator of ciliogenesis in quiescent cells. We showed that CCDC66 dynamically localizes to the centrosomes, the bipolar spindle, the spindle midzone, the central spindle, and the midbody in dividing cells and interacts with the core machinery of centrosome maturation and MAPs involved in cell division. Loss-of-function experiments revealed its functions during mitotic progression and cytokinesis. Specifically, CCDC66 depletion resulted in defective spindle assembly and orientation, kinetochore fiber stability, chromosome alignment in metaphase as well as central spindle and midbody assembly and organization in anaphase and cytokinesis. Notably, CCDC66 regulates mitotic microtubule nucleation via noncentrosomal and centrosomal pathways via recruitment of gamma-tubulin to the centrosomes and the spindle. Additionally, CCDC66 bundles microtubules in vitro and in cells by its C-terminal microtubule-binding domain. Phenotypic rescue experiments showed that the microtubule and centrosome-associated pools of CCDC66 individually or cooperatively mediate its mitotic and cytokinetic functions. Collectively, our findings identify CCDC66 as a multifaceted regulator of the nucleation and organization of the diverse mitotic and cytokinetic microtubule arrays and provide new insight into nonciliary defects that underlie ciliopathies. The ciliopathy-linked protein CCDC66 is only known for its ciliary functions. This study reveals that CCDC66 also has extensive non-ciliary functions, localizing to the spindle poles, spindle midzone, central spindle and midbody throughout cell division, where it regulates mitosis and cytokinesis by promoting microtubule nucleation and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Batman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jovana Deretic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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17
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De Marco Zompit M, Esteban MT, Mooser C, Adam S, Rossi SE, Jeanrenaud A, Leimbacher PA, Fink D, Shorrocks AMK, Blackford AN, Durocher D, Stucki M. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex safeguards chromosomal stability during mitosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4143. [PMID: 35842428 PMCID: PMC9288427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), highly toxic DNA lesions, is crucial for genome integrity and is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. In mitosis, cells inactivate DSB repair in favor of a tethering mechanism that stabilizes broken chromosomes until they are repaired in the subsequent cell cycle phases. How this is achieved mechanistically is not yet understood, but the adaptor protein TOPBP1 is critically implicated in this process. Here, we identify CIP2A as a TOPBP1-interacting protein that regulates TOPBP1 localization specifically in mitosis. Cells lacking CIP2A display increased radio-sensitivity, micronuclei formation and chromosomal instability. CIP2A is actively exported from the cell nucleus in interphase but, upon nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of mitosis, gains access to chromatin where it forms a complex with MDC1 and TOPBP1 to promote TOPBP1 recruitment to sites of mitotic DSBs. Collectively, our data uncover CIP2A-TOPBP1 as a mitosis-specific genome maintenance complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mònica Torres Esteban
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Mooser
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Adam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Emma Rossi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Jeanrenaud
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pia-Amata Leimbacher
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Marie K Shorrocks
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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18
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Tkach JM, Philip R, Sharma A, Strecker J, Durocher D, Pelletier L. Global cellular response to chemical perturbation of PLK4 activity and abnormal centrosome number. eLife 2022; 11:73944. [PMID: 35758262 PMCID: PMC9236612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in metazoans. Centrosome number is tightly regulated by limiting centriole duplication to a single round per cell cycle. This control is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of the protein kinase PLK4, the most upstream facilitator of centriole duplication. Altered centrosome numbers in mouse and human cells cause p53-dependent growth arrest through poorly defined mechanisms. Recent work has shown that the E3 ligase TRIM37 is required for cell cycle arrest in acentrosomal cells. To gain additional insights into this process, we undertook a series of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify factors important for growth arrest triggered by treatment with centrinone B, a selective PLK4 inhibitor. We found that TRIM37 is a key mediator of growth arrest after partial or full PLK4 inhibition. Interestingly, PLK4 cellular mobility decreased in a dose-dependent manner after centrinone B treatment. In contrast to recent work, we found that growth arrest after PLK4 inhibition correlated better with PLK4 activity than with mitotic length or centrosome number. These data provide insights into the global response to changes in centrosome number and PLK4 activity and extend the role for TRIM37 in regulating the abundance, localization, and function of centrosome proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny M Tkach
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reuben Philip
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amit Sharma
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Strecker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Computational Analysis Identifies Novel Biomarkers for High-Risk Bladder Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137057. [PMID: 35806060 PMCID: PMC9266725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ (CIS) is known to have poor diagnosis. However, there are not enough studies that examine the biomarkers relevant to CIS development. Omics experiments generate data with tens of thousands of descriptive variables, e.g., gene expression levels. Often, many of these descriptive variables are identified as somehow relevant, resulting in hundreds or thousands of relevant variables for building models or for further data analysis. We analyze one such dataset describing patients with bladder cancer, mostly non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC), and propose a novel approach to feature selection. This approach returns high-quality features for prediction and yet allows interpretability as well as a certain level of insight into the analyzed data. As a result, we obtain a small set of seven of the most-useful biomarkers for diagnostics. They can also be used to build tests that avoid the costly and time-consuming existing methods. We summarize the current biological knowledge of the chosen biomarkers and contrast it with our findings.
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20
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He Y, Peng L, Li J, Li Q, Chu Y, Lin Q, Rui R, Ju S. TPX2 deficiency leads to spindle abnormity and meiotic impairment in porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2022; 187:164-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Almeida AC, Soares-de-Oliveira J, Drpic D, Cheeseman LP, Damas J, Lewin HA, Larkin DM, Aguiar P, Pereira AJ, Maiato H. Augmin-dependent microtubule self-organization drives kinetochore fiber maturation in mammals. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110610. [PMID: 35385739 PMCID: PMC8994134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mammals relies on the maturation of a thick bundle of kinetochore-attached microtubules known as k-fiber. How k-fibers mature from initial kinetochore microtubule attachments remains a fundamental question. By combining molecular perturbations and phenotypic analyses in Indian muntjac fibroblasts containing the lowest known diploid chromosome number in mammals (2N = 6) and distinctively large kinetochores, with fixed/live-cell super-resolution coherent-hybrid stimulated emission depletion (CH-STED) nanoscopy and laser microsurgery, we demonstrate a key role for augmin in kinetochore microtubule self-organization and maturation, regardless of pioneer centrosomal microtubules. In doing so, augmin promotes kinetochore and interpolar microtubule turnover and poleward flux. Tracking of microtubule growth events within individual k-fibers reveals a wide angular dispersion, consistent with augmin-mediated branched microtubule nucleation. Augmin depletion reduces the frequency of kinetochore microtubule growth events and hampers efficient repair after acute k-fiber injury by laser microsurgery. Together, these findings underscore the contribution of augmin-mediated microtubule amplification for k-fiber self-organization and maturation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares-de-Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Danica Drpic
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liam P Cheeseman
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Damas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Denis M Larkin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Yoo S, Sinha A, Yang D, Altorki NK, Tandon R, Wang W, Chavez D, Lee E, Patel AS, Sato T, Kong R, Ding B, Schadt EE, Watanabe H, Massion PP, Borczuk AC, Zhu J, Powell CA. Integrative network analysis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma identifies aurora kinase inhibition as interceptor of invasion and progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1592. [PMID: 35332150 PMCID: PMC8948234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we focus on the molecular characterization of clinically significant histological subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (esLUAD), which is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Within lung adenocarcinoma, histology is heterogeneous and associated with tumor invasion and diverse clinical outcomes. We present a gene signature distinguishing invasive and non-invasive tumors among esLUAD. Using the gene signatures, we estimate an Invasiveness Score that is strongly associated with survival of esLUAD patients in multiple independent cohorts and with the invasiveness phenotype in lung cancer cell lines. Regulatory network analysis identifies aurora kinase as one of master regulators of the gene signature and the perturbation of aurora kinases in vitro and in a murine model of invasive lung adenocarcinoma reduces tumor invasion. Our study reveals aurora kinases as a therapeutic target for treatment of early-stage invasive lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Abhilasha Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawei Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radhika Tandon
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deebly Chavez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Ayushi S Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Vileck Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takashi Sato
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ranran Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bisen Ding
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women And Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA.
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Lacroix B, Dumont J. Spatial and Temporal Scaling of Microtubules and Mitotic Spindles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020248. [PMID: 35053364 PMCID: PMC8774166 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, the mitotic spindle, a macromolecular structure primarily comprised of microtubules, drives chromosome alignment and partitioning between daughter cells. Mitotic spindles can sense cellular dimensions in order to adapt their length and mass to cell size. This scaling capacity is particularly remarkable during early embryo cleavage when cells divide rapidly in the absence of cell growth, thus leading to a reduction of cell volume at each division. Although mitotic spindle size scaling can occur over an order of magnitude in early embryos, in many species the duration of mitosis is relatively short, constant throughout early development and independent of cell size. Therefore, a key challenge for cells during embryo cleavage is not only to assemble a spindle of proper size, but also to do it in an appropriate time window which is compatible with embryo development. How spatial and temporal scaling of the mitotic spindle is achieved and coordinated with the duration of mitosis remains elusive. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms that support mitotic spindle spatial and temporal scaling over a wide range of cell sizes and cellular contexts. We will present current models and propose alternative mechanisms allowing cells to spatially and temporally coordinate microtubule and mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France;
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24
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Aurora A and AKT Kinase Signaling Associated with Primary Cilia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123602. [PMID: 34944109 PMCID: PMC8699881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of kinase signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity; consequently, the kinases involved have become major therapeutic targets. While kinase signaling pathways play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes, the precise manner in which their dysregulation contributes to disease is dependent on the context; for example, the cell/tissue type or subcellular localization of the kinase or substrate. Thus, context-selective targeting of dysregulated kinases may serve to increase the therapeutic specificity while reducing off-target adverse effects. Primary cilia are antenna-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and function by detecting extracellular cues and transducing signals into the cell. Cilia formation and signaling are dynamically regulated through context-dependent mechanisms; as such, dysregulation of primary cilia contributes to disease in a variety of ways. Here, we review the involvement of primary cilia-associated signaling through aurora A and AKT kinases with respect to cancer, obesity, and other ciliopathies.
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25
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Tsuchiya K, Goshima G. Microtubule-associated proteins promote microtubule generation in the absence of γ-tubulin in human colon cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202104114. [PMID: 34779859 PMCID: PMC8598081 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-tubulin complex acts as the predominant microtubule (MT) nucleator that initiates MT formation and is therefore an essential factor for cell proliferation. Nonetheless, cellular MTs are formed after experimental depletion of the γ-tubulin complex, suggesting that cells possess other factors that drive MT nucleation. Here, by combining gene knockout, auxin-inducible degron, RNA interference, MT depolymerization/regrowth assay, and live microscopy, we identified four microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), ch-TOG, CLASP1, CAMSAPs, and TPX2, which are involved in γ-tubulin-independent MT generation in human colon cancer cells. In the mitotic MT regrowth assay, nucleated MTs organized noncentriolar MT organizing centers (ncMTOCs) in the absence of γ-tubulin. Depletion of CLASP1 or TPX2 substantially delayed ncMTOC formation, suggesting that these proteins might promote MT nucleation in the absence of γ-tubulin. In contrast, depletion of ch-TOG or CAMSAPs did not affect the timing of ncMTOC appearance. CLASP1 also accelerates γ-tubulin-independent MT regrowth during interphase. Thus, MT generation can be promoted by MAPs without the γ-tubulin template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tsuchiya
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Begley MA, Solon AL, Davis EM, Sherrill MG, Ohi R, Elting MW. K-fiber bundles in the mitotic spindle are mechanically reinforced by Kif15. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br11. [PMID: 34668719 PMCID: PMC8694074 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle, a self-constructed microtubule-based machine, segregates chromosomes during cell division. In mammalian cells, microtubule bundles called kinetochore fibers (k-fibers) connect chromosomes to the spindle poles. Chromosome segregation thus depends on the mechanical integrity of k-fibers. Here we investigate the physical and molecular basis of k-fiber bundle cohesion. We detach k-fibers from poles by laser ablation-based cutting, thus revealing the contribution of pole-localized forces to k-fiber cohesion. We then measure the physical response of the remaining kinetochore-bound segments of the k-fibers. We observe that microtubules within ablated k-fibers often splay apart from their minus-ends. Furthermore, we find that minus-end clustering forces induced by ablation seem at least partially responsible for k-fiber splaying. We also investigate the role of the k-fiber-binding kinesin-12 Kif15. We find that pharmacological inhibition of Kif15-microtubule binding reduces the mechanical integrity of k-fibers. In contrast, inhibition of its motor activity but not its microtubule binding ability, i.e., locking Kif15 into a rigor state, does not greatly affect splaying. Altogether, the data suggest that forces holding k-fibers together are of similar magnitude to other spindle forces, and that Kif15, acting as a microtubule cross-linker, helps fortify and repair k-fibers. This feature of Kif15 may help support robust k-fiber function and prevent chromosome segregation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Begley
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - April L Solon
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mary Williard Elting
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.,Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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27
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Wang X, Baumann C, De La Fuente R, Viveiros MM. Loss of acentriolar MTOCs disrupts spindle pole Aurora A and assembly of the liquid-like meiotic spindle domain in oocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs256297. [PMID: 34152366 PMCID: PMC8325960 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte-specific knockdown of pericentrin (PCNT) in transgenic (Tg) mice disrupts acentriolar microtubule-organizing center (aMTOC) formation, leading to spindle instability and error-prone meiotic division. Here, we show that PCNT-depleted oocytes lack phosphorylated Aurora A (pAURKA) at spindle poles, while overall levels are unaltered. To test aMTOC-associated AURKA function, metaphase II (MII) control (WT) and Tg oocytes were briefly exposed to a specific AURKA inhibitor (MLN8237). Similar defects were observed in Tg and MLN8237-treated WT oocytes, including altered spindle structure, increased chromosome misalignment and impaired microtubule regrowth. Yet, AURKA inhibition had a limited effect on Tg oocytes, revealing a critical role for aMTOC-associated AURKA in regulating spindle stability. Notably, spindle instability was associated with disrupted γ-tubulin and lack of the liquid-like meiotic spindle domain (LISD) in Tg oocytes. Analysis of this Tg model provides the first evidence that LISD assembly depends expressly on aMTOC-associated AURKA, and that Ran-mediated spindle formation ensues without the LISD. These data support that loss of aMTOC-associated AURKA and failure of LISD assembly contribute to error-prone meiotic division in PCNT-depleted oocytes, underscoring the essential role of aMTOCs for spindle stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Biosciences Center (RBC), University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Maria M. Viveiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Biosciences Center (RBC), University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
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28
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Huang J, Liang Z, Guan C, Hua S, Jiang K. WDR62 regulates spindle dynamics as an adaptor protein between TPX2/Aurora A and katanin. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212395. [PMID: 34137789 PMCID: PMC8240853 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR62 is a microcephaly-related, microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAP) that localizes to the spindle pole and regulates spindle organization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that WDR62 regulates spindle dynamics by recruiting katanin to the spindle pole and further reveal a TPX2–Aurora A–WDR62–katanin axis in cells. By combining cellular and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that WDR62 shows preference for curved segments of dynamic GDP-MTs, as well as GMPCPP- and paclitaxel-stabilized MTs, suggesting that it recognizes extended MT lattice. Consistent with this property, WDR62 alone is inefficient in recruiting katanin to GDP-MTs, while WDR62 complexed with TPX2/Aurora A can potently promote katanin-mediated severing of GDP-MTs in vitro. In addition, the MT-binding affinity of WDR62 is autoinhibited through JNK phosphorylation-induced intramolecular interaction. We propose that WDR62 is an atypical MAP and functions as an adaptor protein between its recruiting factor TPX2/Aurora A and the effector katanin to orchestrate the regulation of spindle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuobi Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuirong Guan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Flynn M, Whitton L, Donohoe G, Morrison CG, Morris DW. Altered gene regulation as a candidate mechanism by which ciliopathy gene SDCCAG8 contributes to schizophrenia and cognitive function. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:407-417. [PMID: 31868218 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode centrosomal/ciliary proteins cause severe cognitive deficits, while common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes are associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and cognition in genome-wide association studies. The role of these genes in neuropsychiatric disorders is unknown. The ciliopathy gene SDCCAG8 is associated with SZ and educational attainment (EA). Genome editing of SDCCAG8 caused defects in primary ciliogenesis and cilium-dependent cell signalling. Transcriptomic analysis of SDCCAG8-deficient cells identified differentially expressed genes that are enriched in neurodevelopmental processes such as generation of neurons and synapse organization. These processes are enriched for genes associated with SZ, human intelligence (IQ) and EA. Phenotypic analysis of SDCCAG8-deficent neuronal cells revealed impaired migration and neuronal differentiation. These data implicate ciliary signalling in the aetiology of SZ and cognitive dysfunction. We found that centrosomal/ciliary genes are enriched for association with IQ, suggesting altered gene regulation as a general model for neurodevelopmental impacts of centrosomal/ciliary genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad Flynn
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura Whitton
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran G Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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30
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Barisic M, Rajendraprasad G, Steblyanko Y. The metaphase spindle at steady state - Mechanism and functions of microtubule poleward flux. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:99-117. [PMID: 34053864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a bipolar cellular structure, built from tubulin polymers, called microtubules, and interacting proteins. This macromolecular machine orchestrates chromosome segregation, thereby ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material into the two daughter cells during cell division. Powered by GTP hydrolysis upon tubulin polymerization, the microtubule ends exhibit a metastable behavior known as the dynamic instability, during which they stochastically switch between the growth and shrinkage phases. In the context of the mitotic spindle, dynamic instability is furthermore regulated by microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, which enables the spindle to undergo profound changes during mitosis. This highly dynamic behavior is essential for chromosome capture and congression in prometaphase, as well as for chromosome alignment to the spindle equator in metaphase and their segregation in anaphase. In this review we focus on the mechanisms underlying microtubule dynamics and sliding and their importance for the maintenance of shape, structure and dynamics of the metaphase spindle. We discuss how these spindle properties are related to the phenomenon of microtubule poleward flux, highlighting its highly cooperative molecular basis and role in keeping the metaphase spindle at a steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Wang R, Ascanelli C, Abdelbaki A, Fung A, Rasmusson T, Michaelides I, Roberts K, Lindon C. Selective targeting of non-centrosomal AURKA functions through use of a targeted protein degradation tool. Commun Biol 2021; 4:640. [PMID: 34050235 PMCID: PMC8163823 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation tools are becoming a new therapeutic modality, allowing small molecule ligands to be reformulated as heterobifunctional molecules (PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras, PROTACs) that recruit ubiquitin ligases to targets of interest, leading to ubiquitination and destruction of the targets. Several PROTACs against targets of clinical interest have been described, but detailed descriptions of the cell biology modulated by PROTACs are missing from the literature. Here we describe the functional characterization of a PROTAC derived from AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 (alisertib). We demonstrate efficient and specific destruction of both endogenous and overexpressed AURKA by Cereblon-directed PROTACs. At the subcellular level, we find differential targeting of AURKA on the mitotic spindle compared to centrosomes. The phenotypic consequences of PROTAC treatment are therefore distinct from those mediated by alisertib, and in mitotic cells differentially regulate centrosome- and chromatin- based microtubule spindle assembly pathways. In interphase cells PROTAC-mediated clearance of non-centrosomal AURKA modulates the cytoplasmic role played by AURKA in mitochondrial dynamics, whilst the centrosomal pool is refractory to PROTAC-mediated clearance. Our results point to differential sensitivity of subcellular pools of substrate, governed by substrate conformation or localization-dependent accessibility to PROTAC action, a phenomenon not previously described for this new class of degrader compounds. Wang et al develop tools to target the mitotic regulator AURKA by synthesising PROTACs based on the inhibitor MLN8237. They find that the new PROTAC compound efficiently clears cytoplasmic and mitotic spindle-associated AURKA but does not eliminate AURKA activity from centrosomes, demonstrating the possibility of targeting subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Abdelbaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Rasmusson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
An investigation of how mitotic spindle size scales with cell size in early zebrafish embryos reveals fundamental principles of spindle organization. Spindle size depends primarily on microtubule number, which is regulated by a reaction-diffusion system when cells are large, and by signals from the plasma membrane when they are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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Huang R, Liu J, Li H, Zheng L, Jin H, Zhang Y, Ma W, Su J, Wang M, Yang K. Identification of Hub Genes and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on GEO and TCGA Databases. Front Genet 2021; 12:647353. [PMID: 33995482 PMCID: PMC8120231 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.647353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with extremely high mortality in worldwide. HCC is hard to diagnose and has a poor prognosis due to the less understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms and the regulation mechanism on immune cell infiltration during hepatocarcinogenesis. Herein, by performing multiple bioinformatics analysis methods, including the RobustRankAggreg (RRA) rank analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and a devolution algorithm (CIBERSORT), we first identified 14 hub genes (NDC80, DLGAP5, BUB1B, KIF20A, KIF2C, KIF11, NCAPG, NUSAP1, PBK, ASPM, FOXM1, TPX2, UBE2C, and PRC1) in HCC, whose expression levels were significantly up-regulated and negatively correlated with overall survival time. Moreover, we found that the expression of these hub genes was significantly positively correlated with immune infiltration cells, including regulatory T cells (Treg), T follicular helper (TFH) cells, macrophages M0, but negatively correlated with immune infiltration cells including monocytes. Among these hub genes, KIF2C and UBE2C showed the most significant correlation and were associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC, which was speculated as the potential prognostic biomarker for guiding immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinying Liu
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Lanzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lierui Zheng
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haojun Jin
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Su
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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34
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Smertenko A, Clare SJ, Effertz K, Parish A, Ross A, Schmidt S. A guide to plant TPX2-like and WAVE-DAMPENED2-like proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1034-1045. [PMID: 33130902 PMCID: PMC8502432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
TPX2 proteins were first identified in vertebrates as a key mitotic spindle assembly factor. Subsequent studies demonstrated that TPX2 is an intricate protein, with functionally and structurally distinct domains and motifs including Aurora kinase-binding, importin-binding, central microtubule-binding, and C-terminal TPX2 conserved domain, among others. The first plant TPX2-like protein, WAVE-DAMPENED2, was identified in Arabidopsis as a dominant mutation responsible for reducing the waviness of roots grown on slanted agar plates. Each plant genome encodes at least one 'canonical' protein with all TPX2 domains and a family of proteins (20 in Arabidopsis) that diversified to contain only some of the domains. Although all plant TPX2-family proteins to date bind microtubules, they function in distinct processes such as cell division, regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation by hormones and light signals, vascular development, or abiotic stress tolerance. Consequently, their expression patterns, regulation, and functions have diverged considerably. Here we summarize the current body of knowledge surrounding plant TPX2-family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Smertenko
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shaun J Clare
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Karl Effertz
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Alyssa Parish
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Austin Ross
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sharol Schmidt
- Plant Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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35
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Spindle scaling mechanisms. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:383-396. [PMID: 32501481 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle robustly scales with cell size in a plethora of different organisms. During development and throughout evolution, the spindle adjusts to cell size in metazoans and yeast in order to ensure faithful chromosome separation. Spindle adjustment to cell size occurs by the scaling of spindle length, spindle shape and the velocity of spindle assembly and elongation. Different mechanisms, depending on spindle structure and organism, account for these scaling relationships. The limited availability of critical spindle components, protein gradients, sequestration of spindle components, or post-translational modification and differential expression levels have been implicated in the regulation of spindle length and the spindle assembly/elongation velocity in a cell size-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon and mechanisms of spindle length, spindle shape and spindle elongation velocity scaling with cell size.
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36
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Nehlig A, Seiler C, Steblyanko Y, Dingli F, Arras G, Loew D, Welburn J, Prigent C, Barisic M, Nahmias C. Reciprocal regulation of Aurora kinase A and ATIP3 in the control of metaphase spindle length. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1765-1779. [PMID: 32789689 PMCID: PMC11072152 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of the mitotic spindle in metaphase is essential to ensure normal cell division. We show here that depletion of microtubule-associated protein ATIP3 reduces metaphase spindle length. Mass spectrometry analyses identified the microtubule minus-end depolymerizing kinesin Kif2A as an ATIP3 binding protein. We show that ATIP3 controls metaphase spindle length by interacting with Kif2A and its partner Dda3 in an Aurora kinase A-dependent manner. In the absence of ATIP3, Kif2A and Dda3 accumulate at spindle poles, which is consistent with reduced poleward microtubule flux and shortening of the spindle. ATIP3 silencing also limits Aurora A localization to the poles. Transfection of GFP-Aurora A, but not kinase-dead mutant, rescues the phenotype, indicating that ATIP3 maintains Aurora A activity on the poles to control Kif2A targeting and spindle size. Collectively, these data emphasize the pivotal role of Aurora kinase A and its mutual regulation with ATIP3 in controlling spindle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nehlig
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florent Dingli
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julie Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Claude Prigent
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Unité CNRS, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Inserm U981, Department of Molecular Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
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37
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Singh P, Pesenti ME, Maffini S, Carmignani S, Hedtfeld M, Petrovic A, Srinivasamani A, Bange T, Musacchio A. BUB1 and CENP-U, Primed by CDK1, Are the Main PLK1 Kinetochore Receptors in Mitosis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:67-87.e9. [PMID: 33248027 PMCID: PMC7837267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reflecting its pleiotropic functions, Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) localizes to various sub-cellular structures during mitosis. At kinetochores, PLK1 contributes to microtubule attachments and mitotic checkpoint signaling. Previous studies identified a wealth of potential PLK1 receptors at kinetochores, as well as requirements for various mitotic kinases, including BUB1, Aurora B, and PLK1 itself. Here, we combine ectopic localization, in vitro reconstitution, and kinetochore localization studies to demonstrate that most and likely all of the PLK1 is recruited through BUB1 in the outer kinetochore and centromeric protein U (CENP-U) in the inner kinetochore. BUB1 and CENP-U share a constellation of sequence motifs consisting of a putative PP2A-docking motif and two neighboring PLK1-docking sites, which, contingent on priming phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and PLK1 itself, bind PLK1 and promote its dimerization. Our results rationalize previous observations and describe a unifying mechanism for recruitment of PLK1 to human kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marion E Pesenti
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marius Hedtfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anupallavi Srinivasamani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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38
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Rondelet A, Pozniakovsky A, Namboodiri D, Cardoso da Silva R, Singh D, Leuschner M, Poser I, Ssykor A, Berlitz J, Schmidt N, Röhder L, Vader G, Hyman AA, Bird AW. ESI mutagenesis: a one-step method for introducing mutations into bacterial artificial chromosomes. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/2/e202000836. [PMID: 33293335 PMCID: PMC7756954 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient recombineering-based method for introducing point mutations into bacterial artificial chromosomes using an artificial intron cassette. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)–based transgenes have emerged as a powerful tool for controlled and conditional interrogation of protein function in higher eukaryotes. Although homologous recombination-based recombineering methods have streamlined the efficient integration of protein tags onto BAC transgenes, generating precise point mutations has remained less efficient and time-consuming. Here, we present a simplified method for inserting point mutations into BAC transgenes requiring a single recombineering step followed by antibiotic selection. This technique, which we call exogenous/synthetic intronization (ESI) mutagenesis, relies on co-integration of a mutation of interest along with a selectable marker gene, the latter of which is harboured in an artificial intron adjacent to the mutation site. Cell lines generated from ESI-mutated BACs express the transgenes equivalently to the endogenous gene, and all cells efficiently splice out the synthetic intron. Thus, ESI mutagenesis provides a robust and effective single-step method with high precision and high efficiency for mutating BAC transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rondelet
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrei Pozniakovsky
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Divya Singh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marit Leuschner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Ssykor
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Berlitz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lea Röhder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerben Vader
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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39
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Polverino F, Naso FD, Asteriti IA, Palmerini V, Singh D, Valente D, Bird AW, Rosa A, Mapelli M, Guarguaglini G. The Aurora-A/TPX2 Axis Directs Spindle Orientation in Adherent Human Cells by Regulating NuMA and Microtubule Stability. Curr Biol 2020; 31:658-667.e5. [PMID: 33275894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation is a crucial process that defines the axis of cell division, contributing to daughter cell positioning and fate, and hence to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis.1,2 The trimeric NuMA/LGN/Gαi complex, the major determinant of spindle orientation, exerts pulling forces on the spindle poles by anchoring astral microtubules (MTs) and dynein motors to the cell cortex.3,4 Mitotic kinases contribute to correct spindle orientation by regulating nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) localization,5-7 among which the Aurora-A centrosomal kinase regulates NuMA targeting to the cell cortex in metaphase.8,9 Aurora-A and its activator targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) are frequently overexpressed in cancer,10-12 raising the question as to whether spindle orientation is among the processes downstream the Aurora-A/TPX2 signaling axis altered under pathological conditions. Here, we investigated the role of TPX2 in the Aurora-A- and NuMA-dependent spindle orientation. We show that, in cultured adherent human cells, the interaction with TPX2 is required for Aurora-A to exert this function. We also show that Aurora-A, TPX2, and NuMA are part of a complex at spindle MTs, where TPX2 acts as a platform for Aurora-A regulation of NuMA. Interestingly, excess TPX2 does not influence NuMA localization but induces a "super-alignment" of the spindle axis with respect to the substrate, although an excess of Aurora-A induces spindle misorientation. These opposite effects are both linked to altered MT stability. Overall, our results highlight the importance of TPX2 for spindle orientation and suggest that spindle orientation is differentially sensitive to unbalanced levels of Aurora-A, TPX2, or the Aurora-A/TPX2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco D Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Italia A Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmerini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Divya Singh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Davide Valente
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander W Bird
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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40
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Chippalkatti R, Egger B, Suter B. Mms19 promotes spindle microtubule assembly in Drosophila neural stem cells. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008913. [PMID: 33211700 PMCID: PMC7714366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic divisions depend on the timely assembly and proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Malfunctioning of these processes can considerably delay mitosis, thereby compromising tissue growth and homeostasis, and leading to chromosomal instability. Loss of functional Mms19 drastically affects the growth and development of mitotic tissues in Drosophila larvae and we now demonstrate that Mms19 is an important factor that promotes spindle and astral microtubule (MT) growth, and MT stability and bundling. Mms19 function is needed for the coordination of mitotic events and for the rapid progression through mitosis that is characteristic of neural stem cells. Surprisingly, Mms19 performs its mitotic activities through two different pathways. By stimulating the mitotic kinase cascade, it triggers the localization of the MT regulatory complex TACC/Msps (Transforming Acidic Coiled Coil/Minispindles, the homolog of human ch-TOG) to the centrosome. This activity of Mms19 can be rescued by stimulating the mitotic kinase cascade. However, other aspects of the Mms19 phenotypes cannot be rescued in this way, pointing to an additional mechanism of Mms19 action. We provide evidence that Mms19 binds directly to MTs and that this stimulates MT stability and bundling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Chippalkatti
- Cell Biology, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Egger
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Suter
- Cell Biology, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
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41
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Guarino Almeida E, Renaudin X, Venkitaraman AR. A kinase-independent function for AURORA-A in replisome assembly during DNA replication initiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7844-7855. [PMID: 32652013 PMCID: PMC7430631 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of human AURORA-A kinase (AURKA) regulates mitotic progression, and its frequent overexpression in major forms of epithelial cancer is associated with aneuploidy and carcinogenesis. Here, we report an unexpected, kinase-independent function for AURKA in DNA replication initiation whose inhibition through a class of allosteric inhibitors opens avenues for cancer therapy. We show that genetic depletion of AURKA, or its inhibition by allosteric but not catalytic inhibitors, blocks the G1-S cell cycle transition. A catalytically inactive AURKA mutant suffices to overcome this block. We identify a multiprotein complex between AURKA and the replisome components MCM7, WDHD1 and POLD1 formed during G1, and demonstrate that allosteric but not catalytic inhibitors prevent the chromatin assembly of functional replisomes. Indeed, allosteric but not catalytic AURKA inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to inhibition of the CDC7 kinase subunit of the replication-initiating factor DDK. Thus, our findings define a mechanism essential for replisome assembly during DNA replication initiation that is vulnerable to inhibition as combination therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Guarino Almeida
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Xavier Renaudin
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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42
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Ong JY, Torres JZ. Phase Separation in Cell Division. Mol Cell 2020; 80:9-20. [PMID: 32860741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell division requires the assembly and organization of a microtubule spindle for the proper separation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis. Phase separation is an emerging paradigm for understanding spatial and temporal regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including cell division. Phase-separated condensates have been recently discovered at many structures during cell division as a possible mechanism for properly localizing, organizing, and activating proteins involved in cell division. Here, we review how these condensates play roles in regulating microtubule density and organization and spindle assembly and function and in activating some of the key players in cell division. We conclude with perspectives on areas of future research for this exciting and rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Z Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Dvořák Tomaštíková E, Rutten T, Dvořák P, Tugai A, Ptošková K, Petrovská B, van Damme D, Houben A, Doležel J, Demidov D. Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062183. [PMID: 32235723 PMCID: PMC7139753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TPX2 (Targeting Protein for Xklp2) is an evolutionary conserved microtubule-associated protein important for microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle assembly. The protein was described as an activator of the mitotic kinase Aurora A in humans and the Arabidopsis AURORA1 (AUR1) kinase. In contrast to animal genomes that encode only one TPX2 gene, higher plant genomes encode a family with several TPX2-LIKE gene members (TPXL). TPXL genes of Arabidopsis can be divided into two groups. Group A proteins (TPXL2, 3, 4, and 8) contain Aurora binding and TPX2_importin domains, while group B proteins (TPXL1, 5, 6, and 7) harbor an Xklp2 domain. Canonical TPX2 contains all the above-mentioned domains. We confirmed using in vitro kinase assays that the group A proteins contain a functional Aurora kinase binding domain. Transient expression of Arabidopsis TPX2-like proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed preferential localization to microtubules and nuclei. Co-expression of AUR1 together with TPX2-like proteins changed the localization of AUR1, indicating that these proteins serve as targeting factors for Aurora kinases. Taken together, we visualize the various localizations of the TPX2-LIKE family in Arabidopsis as a proxy to their functional divergence and provide evidence of their role in the targeted regulation of AUR1 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (B.P.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.T.); (D.D.); Tel.: +420-585-238-725 (E.D.T.); +49-394825-733 (D.D.)
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (A.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Alisa Tugai
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (A.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Klara Ptošková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (B.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Beáta Petrovská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (B.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Daniel van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (A.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (B.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Dmitri Demidov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (A.T.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.T.); (D.D.); Tel.: +420-585-238-725 (E.D.T.); +49-394825-733 (D.D.)
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Rohrberg J, Van de Mark D, Amouzgar M, Lee JV, Taileb M, Corella A, Kilinc S, Williams J, Jokisch ML, Camarda R, Balakrishnan S, Shankar R, Zhou A, Chang AN, Chen B, Rugo HS, Dumont S, Goga A. MYC Dysregulates Mitosis, Revealing Cancer Vulnerabilities. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3368-3382.e7. [PMID: 32160543 PMCID: PMC7085414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors that overexpress the MYC oncogene are frequently aneuploid, a state associated with highly aggressive cancers and tumor evolution. However, how MYC causes aneuploidy is not well understood. Here, we show that MYC overexpression induces mitotic spindle assembly defects and chromosomal instability (CIN) through effects on microtubule nucleation and organization. Attenuating MYC expression reverses mitotic defects, even in established tumor cell lines, indicating an ongoing role for MYC in CIN. MYC reprograms mitotic gene expression, and we identify TPX2 to be permissive for spindle assembly in MYC-high cells. TPX2 depletion blocks mitotic progression, induces cell death, and prevents tumor growth. Further elevating TPX2 expression reduces mitotic defects in MYC-high cells. MYC and TPX2 expression may be useful biomarkers to stratify patients for anti-mitotic therapies. Our studies implicate MYC as a regulator of mitosis and suggest that blocking MYC activity can attenuate the emergence of CIN and tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rohrberg
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Van de Mark
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meelad Amouzgar
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moufida Taileb
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Corella
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seda Kilinc
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Lena Jokisch
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Balakrishnan
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Zhou
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Fulcher LJ, Sapkota GP. Mitotic kinase anchoring proteins: the navigators of cell division. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:505-524. [PMID: 32048898 PMCID: PMC7100989 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1728014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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46
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Naso FD, Sterbini V, Crecca E, Asteriti IA, Russo AD, Giubettini M, Cundari E, Lindon C, Rosa A, Guarguaglini G. Excess TPX2 Interferes with Microtubule Disassembly and Nuclei Reformation at Mitotic Exit. Cells 2020; 9:E374. [PMID: 32041138 PMCID: PMC7072206 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein TPX2 is a key mitotic regulator that contributes through distinct pathways to spindle assembly. A well-characterised function of TPX2 is the activation, stabilisation and spindle localisation of the Aurora-A kinase. High levels of TPX2 are reported in tumours and the effects of its overexpression have been investigated in cancer cell lines, while little is known in non-transformed cells. Here we studied TPX2 overexpression in hTERT RPE-1 cells, using either the full length TPX2 or a truncated form unable to bind Aurora-A, to identify effects that are dependent-or independent-on its interaction with the kinase. We observe significant defects in mitotic spindle assembly and progression through mitosis that are more severe when overexpressed TPX2 is able to interact with Aurora-A. Furthermore, we describe a peculiar, and Aurora-A-interaction-independent, phenotype in telophase cells, with aberrantly stable microtubules interfering with nuclear reconstitution and the assembly of a continuous lamin B1 network, resulting in daughter cells displaying doughnut-shaped nuclei. Our results using non-transformed cells thus reveal a previously uncharacterised consequence of abnormally high TPX2 levels on the correct microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling and G1 nuclei reformation, at the mitosis-to-interphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D. Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Crecca
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Italia A. Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra D. Russo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Giubettini
- CrestOptics S.p.A., Via di Torre Rossa 66, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Cundari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK;
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
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Wesley CC, Mishra S, Levy DL. Organelle size scaling over embryonic development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e376. [PMID: 32003549 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division without growth results in progressive cell size reductions during early embryonic development. How do the sizes of intracellular structures and organelles scale with cell size and what are the functional implications of such scaling relationships? Model organisms, in particular Caenorhabditis elegans worms, Drosophila melanogaster flies, Xenopus laevis frogs, and Mus musculus mice, have provided insights into developmental size scaling of the nucleus, mitotic spindle, and chromosomes. Nuclear size is regulated by nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope proteins, and the cytoskeleton. Regulators of microtubule dynamics and chromatin compaction modulate spindle and mitotic chromosome size scaling, respectively. Developmental scaling relationships for membrane-bound organelles, like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, and lysosomes, have been less studied, although new imaging approaches promise to rectify this deficiency. While models that invoke limiting components and dynamic regulation of assembly and disassembly can account for some size scaling relationships in early embryos, it will be exciting to investigate the contribution of newer concepts in cell biology such as phase separation and interorganellar contacts. With a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of organelle size scaling, future studies promise to uncover the significance of proper scaling for cell function and embryonic development, as well as how aberrant scaling contributes to disease. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Early Embryonic Development > Fertilization to Gastrulation Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase C Wesley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Sampada Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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48
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Drucker E, Holzer K, Pusch S, Winkler J, Calvisi DF, Eiteneuer E, Herpel E, Goeppert B, Roessler S, Ori A, Schirmacher P, Breuhahn K, Singer S. Karyopherin α2-dependent import of E2F1 and TFDP1 maintains protumorigenic stathmin expression in liver cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:159. [PMID: 31783876 PMCID: PMC6883611 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the karyopherin superfamily serve as nuclear transport receptors/adaptor proteins and provide exchange of macromolecules between the nucleo- and cytoplasm. Emerging evidence suggests a subset of karyopherins to be dysregulated in hepatocarcinogenesis including karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2). However, the functional and regulatory role of KPNA2 in liver cancer remains incompletely understood. Methods Quantitative proteomics (LC-MS/MS, ~ 1750 proteins in total) was used to study changes in global protein abundance upon siRNA-mediated KPNA2 knockdown in HCC cells. Functional and mechanistic analyses included colony formation and 2D migration assays, co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), qRT-PCR, immmunblotting, and subcellular fractionation. In vitro results were correlated with data derived from a murine HCC model and HCC patient samples (3 cohorts, n > 600 in total). Results The proteomic approach revealed the pro-tumorigenic, microtubule (MT) interacting protein stathmin (STMN1) among the most downregulated proteins upon KPNA2 depletion in HCC cells. We further observed that KPNA2 knockdown leads to reduced tumor cell migration and colony formation of HCC cells, which could be phenocopied by direct knockdown of stathmin. As the underlying regulatory mechanism, we uncovered E2F1 and TFDP1 as transport substrates of KPNA2 being retained in the cytoplasm upon KPNA2 ablation, thereby resulting in reduced STMN1 expression. Finally, murine and human HCC data indicate significant correlations of STMN1 expression with E2F1/TFPD1 and with KPNA2 expression and their association with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusion Our data suggest that KPNA2 regulates STMN1 by import of E2F1/TFDP1 and thereby provide a novel link between nuclear transport and MT-interacting proteins in HCC with functional and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Drucker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Holzer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkler
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Eiteneuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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49
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Dudka D, Castrogiovanni C, Liaudet N, Vassal H, Meraldi P. Spindle-Length-Dependent HURP Localization Allows Centrosomes to Control Kinetochore-Fiber Plus-End Dynamics. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3563-3578.e6. [PMID: 31668617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, centrosomes affect the length of kinetochore fibers (k-fibers) and the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, implying that they regulate k-fiber dynamics. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown. Here, we created human cells with only one centrosome to investigate these mechanisms. Such cells formed asymmetric bipolar spindles that resulted in asymmetric cell divisions. K-fibers in the acentrosomal half-spindles were shorter, more stable, and had a reduced poleward microtubule flux at minus ends and more frequent pausing events at their plus ends. This indicates that centrosomes regulate k-fiber dynamics both locally at minus ends and far away at plus ends. At the molecular level, we find that the microtubule-stabilizing protein HURP is enriched on the k-fiber plus ends in the acentrosomal half-spindles of cells with only one centrosome. HURP depletion rebalances k-fiber stability and plus-end dynamics in such cells and improves spindle and cell division symmetry. Our data from 3 different cell lines indicate that HURP accumulates on k-fibers inversely proportionally to half-spindle length. We therefore propose that centrosomes regulate k-fiber plus ends indirectly via length-dependent accumulation of HURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dudka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Castrogiovanni
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Vassal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; National Institute of Applied Sciences, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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50
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Zhou H, Zheng T, Wang T, Li Q, Wang F, Liang X, Chen J, Teng J. CCDC74A/B are K-fiber crosslinkers required for chromosomal alignment. BMC Biol 2019; 17:73. [PMID: 31521166 PMCID: PMC6744678 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spindle microtubule organization, regulated by microtubule-associated proteins, is critical for cell division. Proper organization of kinetochore fiber (K-fiber), connecting spindle poles and kinetochores, is a prerequisite for precise chromosomal alignment and faithful genetic material transmission. However, the mechanisms of K-fiber organization and dynamic maintenance are still not fully understood. Results We reveal that two previously uncharacterized coiled-coil domain proteins CCDC74A and CCDC74B (CCDC74A/B) are spindle-localized proteins in mammalian cells. They bind directly to microtubules through two separate domains and bundle microtubules both in vivo and in vitro. These functions are required for K-fiber organization, bipolar spindle formation, and chromosomal alignment. Moreover, CCDC74A/B form homodimers in vivo, and their self-association activity is necessary for microtubule bundling and K-fiber formation. Conclusions We characterize CCDC74A and CCDC74B as microtubule-associated proteins that localize to spindles and are important K-fiber crosslinkers required for bipolar spindle formation and chromosome alignment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0694-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and Max-Planck Partner Group, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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