1
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Hintzen DC, Schubert M, Soto M, Medema RH, Raaijmakers JA. Reduction of chromosomal instability and inflammation is a common aspect of adaptation to aneuploidy. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00252-0. [PMID: 39294502 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, while detrimental to untransformed cells, is notably prevalent in cancer. Aneuploidy is found as an early event during tumorigenesis which indicates that cancer cells have the ability to surmount the initial stress responses associated with aneuploidy, enabling rapid proliferation despite aberrant karyotypes. To generate more insight into key cellular processes and requirements underlying adaptation to aneuploidy, we generated a panel of aneuploid clones in p53-deficient RPE-1 cells and studied their behavior over time. As expected, de novo-generated aneuploid clones initially display reduced fitness, enhanced levels of chromosomal instability (CIN), and an upregulated inflammatory response. Intriguingly, after prolonged culturing, aneuploid clones exhibit increased proliferation rates while maintaining aberrant karyotypes, indicative of an adaptive response to the aneuploid state. Interestingly, all adapted clones display reduced CIN and reduced inflammatory signaling, suggesting that these are common aspects of adaptation to aneuploidy. Collectively, our data suggests that CIN and concomitant inflammation are key processes that require correction to allow for fast proliferation in vitro. Finally, we provide evidence that amplification of oncogenic KRAS can promote adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine C Hintzen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schubert
- Oncode Institute, Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Soto
- Oncode Institute, Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonne A Raaijmakers
- Oncode Institute, Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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D'Souza J, Hickson ID. Replication fork barriers to study site-specific DNA replication perturbation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 141:103735. [PMID: 39079395 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
DNA replication ensures the complete and accurate duplication of the genome. The traditional approach to analysing perturbation of DNA replication is to use chemical inhibitors, such as hydroxyurea or aphidicolin, that slow or stall replication fork progression throughout the genome. An alternative approach is to perturb replication at a single site in the genome that permits a more forensic investigation of the cellular response to the stalling or disruption of a replication fork. This has been achieved in several organisms using different systems that share the common feature of utilizing the high affinity binding of a protein to a defined DNA sequence that is integrated into a specific locus in the host genome. Protein-mediated replication fork blocking systems of this sort have proven very valuable in defining how cells cope with encountering a barrier to fork progression. In this review, we compare protein-based replication fork barrier systems from different organisms that have been developed to generate site-specific replication fork perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenevieve D'Souza
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.
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3
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Guarnera L, Pascale MR, Hajrullaj H, Cristiano A, Mallegni F, Onorato A, Voso MT, Fabiani E. The role of clonal progression leading to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:3507-3517. [PMID: 39031199 PMCID: PMC11358309 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) are characterized by aggressive features and a dismal prognosis. Recent evidence suggests a higher incidence of t-MN in individuals harboring clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). In order to gain insight into CHIP-driven malignant progression, we gathered data from ten published reports with available detailed patient characteristics at the time of primary malignancy and t-MN development. Detailed clinical and molecular information on primary malignancy and t-MN were available for 109 patients: 43% harbored at least one somatic mutation at the time of the primary malignancy. TET2 and TP53 mutations showed an increasing variant allele frequency from CHIP to t-MN. ASXL1-associated CHIP significantly correlated with the emergence of TET2 and CEBPA mutations at t-MN, as well as U2AF1-driven CHIP with EZH2 mutation and both IDH2 and SRSF2-driven CHIP with FLT3 mutation. DNMT3A-driven CHIP correlated with a lower incidence of TP53 mutation at t-MN. In contrast, TP53-driven CHIP correlated with a complex karyotype and a lower tendency to acquire new mutations at t-MN. Patients with multiple myeloma as their first malignancy presented a significantly higher rate of TP53 mutations at t-MN. The progression from CHIP to t-MN shows different scenarios depending on the genes involved. A deeper knowledge of CHIP progression mechanisms will allow a more reliable definition of t-MN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44114, USA
| | - Maria Rosaria Pascale
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Hajro Hajrullaj
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Mallegni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Onorato
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
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4
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Fang X, Yu WY, Zhu CM, Zhao N, Zhao W, Xie TT, Wei LJ, Sun XR, Xie J, Zhao Y. Chromosome instability functions as a potential therapeutic reference by enhancing chemosensitivity to BCL-XL inhibitors in colorectal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01372-y. [PMID: 39187678 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) and subsequent aneuploidy are prevalent in various human malignancies, influencing tumor progression such as metastases and relapses. Extensive studies demonstrate the development of chemoresistance in high-CIN tumors, which poses significant therapeutic challenges. Given the association of CIN with poorer prognosis and suppressed immune microenvironment observed in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), here we aimed to discover chemotherapeutic drugs exhibiting increased inhibition against high-CIN CRC cells. By using machine learning methods, we screened out two BCL-XL inhibitors Navitoclax and WEHI-539 as CIN-sensitive reagents in CRC. Subsequent analyses using a CIN-aneuploidy cell model confirmed the vulnerability of high-CIN CRC cells to these drugs. We further revealed the critical role of BCL-XL in the viability of high-CIN CRC cells. In addition, to ease the evaluation of CIN levels in clinic, we developed a three-gene signature as a CIN surrogate to predict prognosis, chemotherapeutic and immune responses in CRC samples. Our results demonstrate the potential value of CIN as a therapeutic target in CRC treatment and the importance of BCL-XL in regulating survival of high-CIN CRC cells, therefore representing a valuable attempt to translate a common trait of heterogeneous tumor cells into an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Chun-Miao Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Li-Jie Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xi-Ran Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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5
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Zhakula-Kostadinova N, Taylor AM. Patterns of Aneuploidy and Signaling Consequences in Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2575-2587. [PMID: 38924459 PMCID: PMC11325152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, or a change in the number of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms, is a near-universal feature of cancer. Chromosomes affected by aneuploidy are not random, with observed cancer-specific and tissue-specific patterns. Recent advances in genome engineering methods have allowed the creation of models with targeted aneuploidy events. These models can be used to uncover the downstream effects of individual aneuploidies on cancer phenotypes including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune signaling. Here, we review the current state of research into the patterns of aneuploidy in cancer and their impact on signaling pathways and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zhakula-Kostadinova
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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6
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Johnson BA, Liu AZ, Bi T, Dong Y, Li T, Zhou D, Narkar A, Wu Y, Sun SX, Larman TC, Zhu J, Li R. Simple aneuploidy evades p53 surveillance and promotes niche factor-independent growth in human intestinal organoids. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:br15. [PMID: 38985518 PMCID: PMC11321050 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is nearly ubiquitous in tumor genomes, but the role of aneuploidy in the early stages of cancer evolution remains unclear. Here, by inducing heterogeneous aneuploidy in non-transformed human colon organoids (colonoids), we investigated how the effects of aneuploidy on cell growth and differentiation may promote malignant transformation. Previous work implicated p53 activation as a downstream response to aneuploidy induction. We found that simple aneuploidy, characterized by 1-3 gained or lost chromosomes, resulted in little or modest p53 activation and cell cycle arrest when compared with more complex aneuploid cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the degree of p53 activation was strongly correlated with karyotype complexity. Single-cell tracking showed that cells could continue to divide despite the observation of one to a few lagging chromosomes. Unexpectedly, colonoids with simple aneuploidy exhibited impaired differentiation after niche factor withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that simple aneuploid cells can escape p53 surveillance and may contribute to niche factor-independent growth of cancer-initiating colon stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Albert Z. Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Tianhao Bi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Taibo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Dingjingyu Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yufei Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Tatianna C. Larman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Gastrointestinal/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jin Zhu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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7
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Chen X, Agustinus AS, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Chromosomal instability as a driver of cancer progression. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7. [PMID: 39075192 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased propensity of cells to acquire structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities during cell division, which contributes to tumour genetic heterogeneity. CIN has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, and evidence over the past decade has strongly linked CIN to tumour evolution, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Until recently, the mechanisms by which CIN propels cancer progression have remained elusive. Beyond the generation of genomic copy number heterogeneity, recent work has unveiled additional tumour-promoting consequences of abnormal chromosome segregation. These mechanisms include complex chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic reprogramming and the induction of cancer cell-intrinsic inflammation, emphasizing the multifaceted role of CIN in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S Agustinus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Sanchez-Vasquez E, Bronner ME, Zernicka-Goetz M. HIF1A contributes to the survival of aneuploid and mosaic pre-implantation embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.04.556218. [PMID: 39071426 PMCID: PMC11275769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.556218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Human fertility is suboptimal, partly due to error-prone divisions in early cleavage-stages that result in aneuploidy. Most human pre-implantation are mosaics of euploid and aneuploid cells, however, mosaic embryos with a low proportion of aneuploid cells have a similar likelihood of developing to term as fully euploid embryos. How embryos manage aneuploidy during development is poorly understood. This knowledge is crucial for improving fertility treatments and reducing developmental defects. To explore these mechanisms, we established a new mouse model of chromosome mosaicism to study the fate of aneuploid cells during pre-implantation development. We previously used the Mps1 inhibitor reversine to generate aneuploidy in embryos. Here, we found that treatment with the more specific Mps1 inhibitor AZ3146 induced chromosome segregation defects in pre-implantation embryos, similar to reversine. However, AZ3146-treated embryos showed a higher developmental potential than reversine-treated embryos. Unlike reversine-treated embryos, AZ3146-treated embryos exhibited transient upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible-Factor-1A (HIF1A) and lacked p53 upregulation. Pre-implantation embryos develop in a hypoxic environment in vivo, and hypoxia exposure in vitro reduced DNA damage in response to Mps1 inhibition and increased the proportion of euploid cells in the mosaic epiblast. Inhibiting HIF1A in mosaic embryos also decreased the proportion of aneuploid cells in mosaic embryos. Our work illuminates potential strategies to improve the developmental potential of mosaic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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McPherson A, Vázquez-García I, Myers MA, Zatzman M, Al-Rawi D, Weiner A, Freeman S, Mohibullah N, Satas G, Williams MJ, Ceglia N, Zhang AW, Li J, Lim JLP, Wu M, Choi S, Havasov E, Grewal D, Shi H, Kim M, Schwarz R, Kaufmann T, Dinh KN, Uhlitz F, Tran J, Wu Y, Patel R, Ramakrishnan S, Kim D, Clarke J, Green H, Ali E, DiBona M, Varice N, Kundra R, Broach V, Gardner GJ, Roche KL, Sonoda Y, Zivanovic O, Kim SH, Grisham RN, Liu YL, Viale A, Rusk N, Lakhman Y, Ellenson LH, Tavaré S, Aparicio S, Chi DS, Aghajanian C, Abu-Rustum NR, Friedman CF, Zamarin D, Weigelt B, Bakhoum SF, Shah SP. Ongoing genome doubling promotes evolvability and immune dysregulation in ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602772. [PMID: 39071261 PMCID: PMC11275742 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a critical driver of tumor development and is linked to drug resistance and metastasis in solid malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that WGD is an ongoing mutational process in tumor evolution. Using single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we measured and modeled how WGD events are distributed across cellular populations within tumors and associated WGD dynamics with properties of genome diversification and phenotypic consequences of innate immunity. We studied WGD evolution in 65 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissue samples from 40 patients, yielding 29,481 tumor cell genomes. We found near-ubiquitous evidence of WGD as an ongoing mutational process promoting cell-cell diversity, high rates of chromosomal missegregation, and consequent micronucleation. Using a novel mutation-based WGD timing method, doubleTime , we delineated specific modes by which WGD can drive tumor evolution: (i) unitary evolutionary origin followed by significant diversification, (ii) independent WGD events on a pre-existing background of copy number diversity, and (iii) evolutionarily late clonal expansions of WGD populations. Additionally, through integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that inflammatory signaling and cGAS-STING pathway activation result from ongoing chromosomal instability and are restricted to tumors that remain predominantly diploid. This contrasted with predominantly WGD tumors, which exhibited significant quiescent and immunosuppressive phenotypic states. Together, these findings establish WGD as an evolutionarily 'active' mutational process that promotes evolvability and dysregulated immunity in late stage ovarian cancer.
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10
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Zhang M, He D, Zhang Y, Cheng K, Li H, Zhou Y, Long Q, Liu R, Liu J. Chromothripsis is a novel biomarker for prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e623. [PMID: 38988495 PMCID: PMC11234462 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role of chromothripsis as a novel biomarker in the prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). We conducted next-generation gene sequencing in a cohort of 30 patients with high-grade (G3) pNENs. As a reference, a similar analysis was also performed on 25 patients with low-grade (G1/G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Chromothripsis and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. The results showed that DNA damage response and repair gene alteration and TP53 mutation were found in 29 and 11 patients, respectively. A total of 14 out of 55 patients had chromothripsis involving different chromosomes. Chromothripsis had a close relationship with TP53 alteration and higher grade. In the entire cohort, chromothripsis was associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis; both chromothripsis and metastasis (ENETS Stage IV) suggested a significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Importantly, in the high-grade pNENs group, chromothripsis was the only independent prognostic indicator significantly associated with a shorter OS, other than TP53 alteration or pathological pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) diagnosis. Chromothripsis can guide worse prognosis in pNENs, and help differentiate pNECs from high-grade (G3) pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Yi Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Du He
- Department of Pathology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hong‐Shuai Li
- Department of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu‐Wen Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiong‐Xian Long
- Department of Pathology, Nan Chong Central Hospitalthe Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Rui‐Zhi Liu
- School of Medical and Life SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ji‐Yan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of ZiyangZiyangSichuanChina
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11
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Hosea R, Duan W, Meliala ITS, Li W, Wei M, Hillary S, Zhao H, Miyagishi M, Wu S, Kasim V. YY2/BUB3 Axis promotes SAC Hyperactivation and Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression via Regulating Chromosomal Instability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308690. [PMID: 38682484 PMCID: PMC11234461 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a crucial safeguard mechanism of mitosis fidelity that ensures equal division of duplicated chromosomes to the two progeny cells. Impaired SAC can lead to chromosomal instability (CIN), a well-recognized hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumor progression; paradoxically, high CIN levels are associated with better therapeutic response and prognosis. However, the mechanism by which CIN determines tumor cell survival and therapeutic response remains poorly understood. Here, using a cross-omics approach, YY2 is identified as a mitotic regulator that promotes SAC activity by activating the transcription of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 3 (BUB3), a component of SAC. While both conditions induce CIN, a defect in YY2/SAC activity enhances mitosis and tumor growth. Meanwhile, hyperactivation of SAC mediated by YY2/BUB3 triggers a delay in mitosis and suppresses growth. Furthermore, it is revealed that YY2/BUB3-mediated excessive CIN causes higher cell death rates and drug sensitivity, whereas residual tumor cells that survived DNA damage-based therapy have moderate CIN and increased drug resistance. These results provide insights into the role of SAC activity and CIN levels in influencing tumor cell survival and drug response, as well as suggest a novel anti-tumor therapeutic strategy that combines SAC activity modulators and DNA-damage agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Wei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Ian Timothy Sembiring Meliala
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Mankun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Hezhao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
| | - Makoto Miyagishi
- Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305‐0006Japan
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400045P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
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12
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Harrold E, Keane F, Walch H, Chou JF, Sinopoli J, Palladino S, Al-Rawi DH, Chadalavada K, Manca P, Chalasani S, Yang J, Cercek A, Shia J, Capanu M, Bakhoum SF, Schultz N, Chatila WK, Yaeger R. Molecular and Clinical Determinants of Acquired Resistance and Treatment Duration for Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2672-2683. [PMID: 38502113 PMCID: PMC11176917 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, but their impact is limited by rapid emergence of resistance. We hypothesized that an understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms and intrinsic tumor features that mediate resistance to therapy will guide new therapeutic strategies and ultimately allow the prevention of resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assembled a series of 52 patients with paired pretreatment and progression samples who received therapy targeting EGFR (n = 17), BRAF V600E (n = 17), KRAS G12C (n = 15), or amplified HER2 (n = 3) to identify molecular and clinical factors associated with time on treatment (TOT). RESULTS All patients stopped treatment for progression and TOT did not vary by oncogenic driver (P = 0.5). Baseline disease burden (≥3 vs. <3 sites, P = 0.02), the presence of hepatic metastases (P = 0.02), and gene amplification on baseline tissue (P = 0.03) were each associated with shorter TOT. We found evidence of chromosomal instability (CIN) at progression in patients with baseline MAPK pathway amplifications and those with acquired gene amplifications. At resistance, copy-number changes (P = 0.008) and high number (≥5) of acquired alterations (P = 0.04) were associated with shorter TOT. Patients with hepatic metastases demonstrated both higher number of emergent alterations at resistance and enrichment of mutations involving receptor tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSIONS Our genomic analysis suggests that high baseline CIN or effective induction of enhanced mutagenesis on targeted therapy underlies rapid progression. Longer response appears to result from a progressive acquisition of genomic or chromosomal instability in the underlying cancer or from the chance event of a new resistance alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harrold
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fergus Keane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Henry Walch
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanne F. Chou
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jenna Sinopoli
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Silvia Palladino
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Duaa H. Al-Rawi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Manca
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sree Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Yang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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13
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Ya A, Deng C, Godek KM. Cell Competition Eliminates Aneuploid Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593217. [PMID: 38766106 PMCID: PMC11100710 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) maintain diploid populations for generations despite a persistently high rate of mitotic errors that cause aneuploidy, or chromosome imbalances. Consequently, to maintain genome stability, aneuploidy must inhibit hPSC proliferation, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we surprisingly find that homogeneous aneuploid populations of hPSCs proliferate unlike aneuploid non-transformed somatic cells. Instead, in mosaic populations, cell non-autonomous competition between neighboring diploid and aneuploid hPSCs eliminates less fit aneuploid cells. Aneuploid hPSCs with lower Myc or higher p53 levels relative to diploid neighbors are outcompeted but conversely gain a selective advantage when Myc and p53 relative abundance switches. Thus, although hPSCs frequently missegregate chromosomes and inherently tolerate aneuploidy, Myc- and p53-driven cell competition preserves their genome integrity. These findings have important implications for the use of hPSCs in regenerative medicine and for how diploid human embryos are established despite the prevalence of aneuploidy during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Chenhui Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kristina M. Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Lead contact
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14
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Yamamoto Y, Takahashi RU, Kinehara M, Yano K, Kuramoto T, Shimamoto A, Tahara H. Downregulation of Histone H3.3 Induces p53-Dependent Cellular Senescence in Human Diploid Fibroblasts. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:543. [PMID: 38790171 PMCID: PMC11121134 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest that acts as a barrier to cancer initiation and progression. Histone alteration is one of the major events during replicative senescence. However, little is known about the function of H3.3 in cellular senescence. Here we found that the downregulation of H3.3 induced growth suppression with senescence-like phenotypes such as senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Furthermore, H3.3 depletion induced senescence-like phenotypes with the p53/p21-depedent pathway. In addition, we identified miR-22-3p, tumor suppressive miRNA, as an upstream regulator of the H3F3B (H3 histone, family 3B) gene which is the histone variant H3.3 and replaces conventional H3 in active genes. Therefore, our results reveal for the first time the molecular mechanisms for cellular senescence which are regulated by H3.3 abundance. Taken together, our studies suggest that H3.3 exerts functional roles in regulating cellular senescence and is a promising target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.Y.); (R.-u.T.)
| | - Ryou-u Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.Y.); (R.-u.T.)
| | - Masaki Kinehara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.Y.); (R.-u.T.)
| | - Kimiyoshi Yano
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Kuramoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.Y.); (R.-u.T.)
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo Onoda 756-0884, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (Y.Y.); (R.-u.T.)
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15
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Boyd SS, Robarts DR, Nguyen K, Villar M, Alghusen I, Kotulkar M, Denson A, Fedosyuk H, Whelan SA, Lee NCY, Hanover J, Dias WB, Tan EP, McGreal SR, Artigues A, Swerdlow RH, Thompson JA, Apte U, Slawson C. Multi-Omics after O-GlcNAc Alteration Identifies Cellular Processes Working Synergistically to Promote Aneuploidy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589379. [PMID: 38659829 PMCID: PMC11042281 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacologic or genetic manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation, an intracellular, single sugar post-translational modification, are difficult to interpret due to the pleotropic nature of O-GlcNAc and the vast signaling pathways it regulates. To address this issue, we employed either OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), OGA (O-GlcNAcase) liver knockouts, or pharmacological inhibition of OGA coupled with multi-Omics analysis and bioinformatics. We identified numerous genes, proteins, phospho-proteins, or metabolites that were either inversely or equivalently changed between conditions. Moreover, we identified pathways in OGT knockout samples associated with increased aneuploidy. To test and validate these pathways, we induced liver growth in OGT knockouts by partial hepatectomy. OGT knockout livers showed a robust aneuploidy phenotype with disruptions in mitosis, nutrient sensing, protein metabolism/amino acid metabolism, stress response, and HIPPO signaling demonstrating how OGT is essential in controlling aneuploidy pathways. Moreover, these data show how a multi-Omics platform can discern how OGT can synergistically fine-tune multiple cellular pathways.
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16
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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17
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Luo Y, Feng X, Lang W, Xu W, Wang W, Mei C, Ye L, Zhu S, Wang L, Zhou X, Zeng H, Ma L, Ren Y, Jin J, Xu R, Huang G, Tong H. Ectopic expression of the transcription factor ONECUT3 drives a complex karyotype in myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172468. [PMID: 38386414 PMCID: PMC11014670 DOI: 10.1172/jci172468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a prominent biological feature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), with over 50% of patients with MDS harboring chromosomal abnormalities or a complex karyotype (CK). Despite this observation, the mechanisms underlying mitotic and chromosomal defects in MDS remain elusive. In this study, we identified ectopic expression of the transcription factor ONECUT3, which is associated with CKs and poorer survival outcomes in MDS. ONECUT3-overexpressing cell models exhibited enrichment of several notable pathways, including signatures of sister chromosome exchange separation and mitotic nuclear division with the upregulation of INCENP and CDCA8 genes. Notably, dysregulation of chromosome passenger complex (CPC) accumulation, besides the cell equator and midbody, during mitotic phases consequently caused cytokinesis failure and defective chromosome segregation. Mechanistically, the homeobox (HOX) domain of ONECUT3, serving as the DNA binding domain, occupied the unique genomic regions of INCENP and CDCA8 and transcriptionally activated these 2 genes. We identified a lead compound, C5484617, that functionally targeted the HOX domain of ONECUT3, inhibiting its transcriptional activity on downstream genes, and synergistically resensitized MDS cells to hypomethylating agents. This study revealed that ONECUT3 promoted chromosomal instability by transcriptional activation of INCENP and CDCA8, suggesting potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for targeting high-risk MDS patients with a CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwan Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Lang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Nansha District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Zeng
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, and
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Pati D. Role of chromosomal cohesion and separation in aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:100. [PMID: 38388697 PMCID: PMC10884101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cell division is a crucial process, and one of its essential steps involves copying the genetic material, which is organized into structures called chromosomes. Before a cell can divide into two, it needs to ensure that each newly copied chromosome is paired tightly with its identical twin. This pairing is maintained by a protein complex known as cohesin, which is conserved in various organisms, from single-celled ones to humans. Cohesin essentially encircles the DNA, creating a ring-like structure to handcuff, to keep the newly synthesized sister chromosomes together in pairs. Therefore, chromosomal cohesion and separation are fundamental processes governing the attachment and segregation of sister chromatids during cell division. Metaphase-to-anaphase transition requires dissolution of cohesins by the enzyme Separase. The tight regulation of these processes is vital for safeguarding genomic stability. Dysregulation in chromosomal cohesion and separation resulting in aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal chromosome count in a cell, is strongly associated with cancer. Aneuploidy is a recurring hallmark in many cancer types, and abnormalities in chromosomal cohesion and separation have been identified as significant contributors to various cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, colorectal, bladder, and other solid cancers. Mutations within the cohesin complex have been associated with these cancers, as they interfere with chromosomal segregation, genome organization, and gene expression, promoting aneuploidy and contributing to the initiation of malignancy. In summary, chromosomal cohesion and separation processes play a pivotal role in preserving genomic stability, and aberrations in these mechanisms can lead to aneuploidy and cancer. Gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular intricacies of chromosomal cohesion and separation offers promising prospects for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Pati
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Lynch A, Bradford S, Burkard ME. The reckoning of chromosomal instability: past, present, future. Chromosome Res 2024; 32:2. [PMID: 38367036 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-024-09746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative measures of CIN are crucial to our understanding of its role in cancer. Technological advances have changed the way CIN is quantified, offering increased accuracy and insight. Here, we review measures of CIN through its rise as a field, discuss considerations for its measurement, and look forward to future quantification of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lynch
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shermineh Bradford
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E Burkard
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Joy J, Fusari E, Milán M. Aneuploidy-induced cellular behaviors: Insights from Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:295-307. [PMID: 38320484 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A balanced gene complement is crucial for proper cell function. Aneuploidy, the condition of having an imbalanced chromosome set, alters the stoichiometry of gene copy numbers and protein complexes and has dramatic consequences at the cellular and organismal levels. In humans, aneuploidy is associated with different pathological conditions including cancer, microcephaly, mental retardation, miscarriages, and aging. Over the last century, Drosophila has provided a valuable system for studying the consequences of systemic aneuploidies. More recently, it has contributed to the identification and molecular dissection of aneuploidy-induced cellular behaviors and their impact at the tissue and organismal levels. In this perspective, we review this active field of research, first by comparing knowledge from yeast, mouse, and human cells, then by highlighting the contributions of Drosophila. The aim of these discussions was to further our understanding of the functional interplay between aneuploidy, cell physiology, and tissue homeostasis in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jery Joy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Fusari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Ren C, Wang Q, Xu Z, Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X. Upregulation of CCNB2 and a novel lncRNAs-related risk model predict prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:64. [PMID: 38300330 PMCID: PMC10834599 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the main type of renal cell carcinoma. Cyclin B2 (CCNB2) is a subtype of B-type cyclin that is associated with the prognosis of several cancers. This study aimed to identify the relationship between CCNB2 and progression of ccRCC and construct a novel lncRNAs-related model to predict prognosis of ccRCC patients. METHODS The data were obtained from public databases. We identified CCNB2 in ccRCC using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and Gene Ontology analysis. External validation was then performed. The risk model was constructed based on prognostic lncRNAs by the LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the model. Consensus clustering analysis was performed to re-stratify the patients. Finally, we analyzed the tumor-immune microenvironment and performed screening of potential drugs. RESULTS CCNB2 associated with late clinicopathological parameters and poor prognosis in ccRCC and was an independent predictor for disease-free survival. In addition, CCNB2 shared the same expression pattern with known suppressive immune checkpoints. A risk model dependent on the expression of three prognostic CCNB2-related lncRNAs (SNHG17, VPS9D1-AS1, and ZMIZ1-AS1) was constructed. The risk signature was an independent predictor of ccRCC. The area under the ROC (AUC) curve for overall survival at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year was 0.704, 0.702, 0.741, and 0.763. The high-risk group and cluster 2 had stronger immunogenicity and were more sensitive to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION CCNB2 could be an important biomarker for predicting prognosis in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, we developed a novel lncRNAs-related risk model and identified two CCNB2-related molecular clusters. The risk model performed well in predicting overall survival and immunological microenvironment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhe Ren
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhunan Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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22
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Payton M, Belmontes B, Hanestad K, Moriguchi J, Chen K, McCarter JD, Chung G, Ninniri MS, Sun J, Manoukian R, Chambers S, Ho SM, Kurzeja RJM, Edson KZ, Dahal UP, Wu T, Wannberg S, Beltran PJ, Canon J, Boghossian AS, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Minocherhomji S, Bourbeau MP, Allen JR, Coxon A, Tamayo NA, Hughes PE. Small-molecule inhibition of kinesin KIF18A reveals a mitotic vulnerability enriched in chromosomally unstable cancers. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:66-84. [PMID: 38151625 PMCID: PMC10824666 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, caused by persistent errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Aggressive cancers like high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high frequency of CIN and TP53 mutations. Here, we show that inhibitors of the KIF18A motor protein activate the mitotic checkpoint and selectively kill chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition is enriched in TP53-mutant HGSOC and TNBC cell lines with CIN features, including in a subset of CCNE1-amplified, CDK4-CDK6-inhibitor-resistant and BRCA1-altered cell line models. Our KIF18A inhibitors have minimal detrimental effects on human bone marrow cells in culture, distinct from other anti-mitotic agents. In mice, inhibition of KIF18A leads to robust anti-cancer effects with tumor regression observed in human HGSOC and TNBC models at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, our results provide a rational therapeutic strategy for selective targeting of CIN cancers via KIF18A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kelly Hanestad
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jodi Moriguchi
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Kui Chen
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - John D McCarter
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Sun
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Seok-Man Ho
- Research Biomics, Amgen Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tian Wu
- Pre-Pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Process Development, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jude Canon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Nuria A Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Fulton-Ward T, Middleton G. The impact of genomic context on outcomes of solid cancer patients treated with genotype-matched targeted therapies: a comprehensive review. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:1113-1130. [PMID: 37875224 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A critical need in the field of genotype-matched targeted therapy in cancer is to identify patients unlikely to respond to precision medicines. This will manage expectations of individualised therapies and avoid clinical progression to a point where institution of alternative treatments might not be possible. We examined the evidence base of the impact of genomic context on which targeted alterations are inscribed to identify baseline biomarkers distinguishing those obtaining the expected response from those with less benefit from targeted therapies. METHODS A comprehensive narrative review was conducted: scoping searches were undertaken in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PROSPERO. Outcomes included in meta-analysis were progression-free and overall survival. Data were extracted from Kaplan-Meier and used to calculate hazard ratios. Studies presenting data on two molecular subcohorts (e.g. co-mutation versus no co-mutation) were included in fixed meta-analysis. Other studies were used for descriptive purposes. RESULTS The presence of concomitant driver mutations, higher tumour mutational burden (TMB), greater copy number burden, and APOBEC signatures significantly reduces benefits of targeted therapy in lung cancers in never smokers (LCINS - less than 100 cigarettes per lifetime) and breast cancer, cancers with low TMB. LCINS have significantly poorer outcomes if their cancers harbour p53 co-mutations, an effect also seen in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients (trastuzumab) and head and neck cancer patients [phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition]. PI3K co-alterations have less impact when targeting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions, but significantly reduce the impact of targeting HER2 and MET amplifications. SMARCA4 co-mutations predict for poor outcome in patients treated with osimertinib and sotorasib. In BRAF-mutant melanoma, whilst there are no genomic features distinguishing exceptional responders from primary progressors, there are clear transcriptomic features dichotomising these outcomes. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive review to date of the impact of genomic context on outcomes with targeted therapy. It represents a valuable resource informing progress towards contextualised precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fulton-Ward
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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25
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Marques JF, Kops GJPL. Permission to pass: on the role of p53 as a gatekeeper for aneuploidy. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:31. [PMID: 37864038 PMCID: PMC10589155 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy-the karyotype state in which the number of chromosomes deviates from a multiple of the haploid chromosome set-is common in cancer, where it is thought to facilitate tumor initiation and progression. However, it is poorly tolerated in healthy cells: during development and tissue homeostasis, aneuploid cells are efficiently cleared from the population. It is still largely unknown how cancer cells become, and adapt to being, aneuploid. P53, the gatekeeper of the genome, has been proposed to guard against aneuploidy. Aneuploidy in cancer genomes strongly correlates with mutations in TP53, and p53 is thought to prevent the propagation of aneuploid cells. Whether p53 also participates in preventing the mistakes in cell division that lead to aneuploidy is still under debate. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of p53 in protecting cells from aneuploidy, and we explore the consequences of functional p53 loss for the propagation of aneuploidy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Marques
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Johnson BA, Liu AZ, Bi T, Dong Y, Li T, Zhou D, Narkar A, Wu Y, Sun SX, Larman TC, Zhu J, Li R. Differential effects of aneuploidy on growth and differentiation in human intestinal stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.559117. [PMID: 37790420 PMCID: PMC10542480 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.559117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, a near ubiquitous genetic feature of tumors, is a context-dependent driver of cancer evolution; however, the mechanistic basis of this role remains unclear. Here, by inducing heterogeneous aneuploidy in non-transformed human colon organoids (colonoids), we investigate how the effects of aneuploidy on cell growth and differentiation may promote malignant transformation. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that the gene expression signature across over 100 unique aneuploid karyotypes is enriched with p53 responsive genes. The primary driver of p53 activation is karyotype complexity. Complex aneuploid cells with multiple unbalanced chromosomes activate p53 and undergo G1 cell-cycle arrest, independent of DNA damage and without evidence of senescence. By contrast, simple aneuploid cells with 1-3 chromosomes gained or lost continue to proliferate, demonstrated by single cell tracking in colonoids. Notably, simple aneuploid cells exhibit impaired differentiation when niche factors are withdrawn. These findings suggest that while complex aneuploid cells are eliminated from the normal epithelium due to p53 activation, simple aneuploid cells can escape this checkpoint and may contribute to niche factor-independent growth of cancer-initiating cells.
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27
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Capece M, Tessari A, Mills J, Vinciguerra GLR, Louke D, Lin C, McElwain BK, Miles WO, Coppola V, Davies AE, Palmieri D, Croce CM. A novel auxin-inducible degron system for rapid, cell cycle-specific targeted proteolysis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2078-2091. [PMID: 37537305 PMCID: PMC10482871 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of protein biological functions in different phases of the cell cycle is limited by the lack of experimental approaches that do not require pre-treatment with compounds affecting the cell cycle progression. Therefore, potential cycle-specific biological functions of a protein of interest could be biased by the effects of cell treatments. The OsTIR1/auxin-inducible degron (AID) system allows "on demand" selective and reversible protein degradation upon exposure to the phytohormone auxin. In the current format, this technology does not allow to study the effect of acute protein depletion selectively in one phase of the cell cycle, as auxin similarly affects all the treated cells irrespectively of their proliferation status. Therefore, the AID system requires coupling with cell synchronization techniques, which can alter the basal biological status of the studied cell population, as with previously available approaches. Here, we introduce a new AID system to Regulate OsTIR1 Levels based on the Cell Cycle Status (ROLECCS system), which induces proteolysis of both exogenously transfected and endogenous gene-edited targets in specific phases of the cell cycle. We validated the ROLECCS technology by down regulating the protein levels of TP53, one of the most studied tumor suppressor genes, with a widely known role in cell cycle progression. By using our novel tool, we observed that TP53 degradation is associated with increased number of micronuclei, and this phenotype is specifically achieved when TP53 is lost in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, but not in G1. Therefore, we propose the use of the ROLECCS system as a new improved way of studying the differential roles that target proteins may have in specific phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Capece
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darian Louke
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Gene Editing Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
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28
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Chan Y, Xu W, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Geng Z, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Zhu B. Association of TP53 rs1042522 G > C, MDM2 rs2279744 T > G, and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T > C polymorphisms with aneuploidy pregnancy susceptibility. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:624. [PMID: 37648962 PMCID: PMC10469955 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneuploidy pregnancy is a severe major birth defect and causes about 50% spontaneous miscarriages with unknown etiology. To date, only a few epidemiological studies with small sample sizes have investigated the risk factors for aneuploidy pregnancy. TP53, MDM2, and miR-34b/c genes are implicated in tumorigenesis with aneuploidy, yet the function of their polymorphisms in aneuploidy pregnancy susceptibility needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the association of TP53 rs1042522 G > C, MDM2 rs2279744 309 T > G, and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T > C specific polymorphisms with aneuploidy pregnancy. METHODS In the retrospective case-control study, 330 aneuploidies pregnancy women and 813 normal pregnancy controls were recruited between January 2018 and April 2022 at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. Three functional polymorphisms, the TP53 rs1042522 G > C (Arg72Pro), MDM2 rs2279744 309 T > G, and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T > C, were genotyped using the snapshot method. RESULTS The frequency distribution of three genotypic variants was not different between case and control pregnant women and was similar to with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). However, in the younger subgroup (less than 35 years old), a significant difference was detected in allele and recessive model (p = 0.01). In the advanced age subgroup (more than or equal to 35 years old), G of MDM2 rs2279744 T > G revealed a significantly higher frequency in cases than controls (p = 0.045), and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T > C revealed a significant difference under the dominant model (p = 0.03), but no significant differences were observed in other models and in both younger and older subgroup (p > 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that individual polymorphisms were not associated with aneuploidy pregnancy, combined with age, they may serve as a risk factor for aneuploidy pregnancy. CONCLUSION Combination of TP53 rs1042522 G > C, MDM2 rs2279744 T > G, and miR-34b/c rs4938723 T > C polymorphisms with maternal age may be related to aneuploidy pregnancy susceptibility. These findings might elaborate on the genetic etiology of aneuploidy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chan
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical Faculty & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Medical Faculty & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zibiao Geng
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhijiao Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qingfen Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jinman Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical Faculty & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Medical Faculty & Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Photodynamic therapy induced cell cycle arrest and cancer cell synchronization: review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225694. [PMID: 37503319 PMCID: PMC10369002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest (CCA) is seen as a prime candidate for effective cancer therapy. This mechanism can help researchers to create new treatments to target cancer cells at particular stages of the cell cycle (CC). The CCA is a characteristic of various therapeutic modalities, including radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), which synchronizes the cells and facilitates the standardization of radio-chemotherapy protocols. Although it was discovered that photodynamic treatment (PDT) had a biological effect on CCA in cancer cells, the mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, besides conventional forms of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, various unconventional types of cell death including pyroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos after PDT have been reported. Thus, a variety of elements, such as oxygen, the tumor's microenvironment, the characteristics of light, and photosensitizer (PS), influence the effectiveness of the PDT treatment, which have not yet been studied clearly. This review focuses on CCA induced by PDT for a variety of PSs agents on various cell lines. The CCA by PDT can be viewed as a remarkable effect and instructive for the management of the PDT protocol. Regarding the relationship between the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its biological consequences, we have proposed two mathematical models in PDT. Finally, we have gathered recent in vitro and in vivo studies about CCA post-PDT at various stages and made suggestions about how it can standardize, potentiate, and customize the PDT methodology.
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30
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Towards prevention of aneuploidy-associated cellular senescence and aging: more questions than answers? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108474. [PMID: 37866738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss how aneuploidy contributes to the aging process, and to identify plausible strategies for its prevention. After an overview of mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and the major features of cellular senescence, we discuss the link between (i) aneuploidy and cellular senescence; (ii) aneuploidy and aging; and (iii) cellular senescence and aging. We also consider (i) interactions between aneuploidy, micronuclei, cellular senescence and aging, (ii) the potential of nutritional treatments to prevent aneuploidy-associated senescence and aging, and (iii) knowledge and technological gaps. Evidence for a causal link between aneuploidy, senescence and aging is emerging. In vitro, aneuploidy accompanies the entry into cellular senescence and can itself induce senescence. How aneuploidy contributes in vivo to cellular senescence is less clear. Several routes depending on aneuploidy and/or senescence converge towards chronic inflammation, the major driver of unhealthy aging. Aneuploidy can induce the pro-inflammatory Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), either directly or as a result of micronucleus (MN) induction leading to leakage of DNA into the cytoplasm and triggering of the cGAS-STING pathway of innate immune response. A major difficulty in understanding the impact of aneuploidy on senescence and aging in vivo, results from the heterogeneity of cellular senescence in different tissues at the cytological and molecular level. Due to this complexity, there is at the present time no biomarker or biomarker combination characteristic for all types of senescent cells. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the critical role aneuploidy plays in cellular senescence and aging is essential to devise practical strategies to protect human populations from aneuploidy-associated pathologies. We discuss emerging evidence, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that adequate amounts of specific micronutrients are essential for prevention of aneuploidy in humans and that precise nutritional intervention may be essential to help avoid the scourge of aneuploidy-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
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Li M, Basile JR, Mallya S, Lin YL. The impact and outcomes of cancer-macrophage fusion. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37264310 PMCID: PMC10236829 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer's hallmark feature is its ability to evolve, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Although genetic mutations and epigenetic changes have been implicated, they don't fully explain the leukocytic traits that many cancers develop. Cell fusion between cancer and somatic cells, particularly macrophages, has been suggested as an alternative pathway for cancer cells to obtain new traits by acquiring exogenous genetic material. METHODS This study aims to investigate the potential biological outcomes of tumor-myeloid cell fusion by generating tumor-macrophage hybrid cells. Two clones with markedly different tumorigenicity were selected, and RNA-seq was used to compare their RNA expressions with that of the control cells. Based on the results that the hybrid cells showed differential activation in several upstream regulator pathways that impact their biological behaviors, the hybrid cells' abilities to recruit stromal cells and establish angiogenesis as well as their cell cycle distributions were investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Although both hybrid clones demonstrated p53 activation and reduced growth rates, they exhibited distinct cell cycle distributions and ability to grow in vivo. Notably, while one clone was highly tumorigenic, the other showed little tumorigenicity. Despite these differences, both hybrid clones were potent environmental modifiers, exhibiting significant abilities to recruit stromal and immune cells and establish angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that tumor-somatic cell fusion is a potent environmental modifier that can modulate tumor survival and evolution, despite its relatively low occurrence. These findings suggest that tumor-somatic cell fusion could be a promising target for developing new cancer therapies. Furthermore, this study provides an experimental animal platform to investigate cancer-myeloid fusion and highlights the potential role of tumor-somatic cell fusion in modulating the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Li
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John R Basile
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 7261, 21201, USA
| | - Sanjay Mallya
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, CHS 23-068B. 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Gene regulation program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Gong L, Huang W, Li P, Zhai Z, Ling E. Regulation of intestinal stem cell activity by a mitotic cell cycle regulator Polo in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad084. [PMID: 37154439 PMCID: PMC10234410 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a definite and stable pool of dividing stem cells plays an important role in organ development. This process requires an appropriate progression of mitosis for proper spindle orientation and polarity to ensure the ability of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate correctly. Polo-like kinases (Plks)/Polo are the highly conserved serine/threonine kinases involved in the initiation of mitosis as well as in the progression of the cell cycle. Although numerous studies have investigated the mitotic defects upon loss of Plks/Polo in cells, little is known about the in vivo consequences of stem cells with abnormal Polo activity in the context of tissue and organism development. The current study aimed to investigate this question using the Drosophila intestine, an organ dynamically maintained by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The results indicated that the polo depletion caused a reduction in the gut size due to a gradual decrease in the number of functional ISCs. Interestingly, the polo-deficient ISCs showed an extended G2/M phase and aneuploidy and were subsequently eliminated by premature differentiation into enterocytes (ECs). In contrast, the constitutively active Polo (poloT182D) suppressed ISC proliferation, induced abnormal accumulation of β-tubulin in cells, and drove ISC loss via apoptosis. Therefore, Polo activity should be properly maintained for optimal stem cell function. Further analysis suggested that polo was a direct target gene of Sox21a, a Sox transcription factor that critically regulates stem cell activity. Together, this study provided a novel perspective on the correlation between the progression of mitosis and the ISC function in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rongbing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liyuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Erjun Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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Comaills V, Castellano-Pozo M. Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:671. [PMID: 37237485 PMCID: PMC10215859 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the genome is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. However, genomes need to adapt to survive certain pressures, and for this purpose use several mechanisms to diversify. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the main mechanisms leading to the creation of genomic heterogeneity by altering the number of chromosomes and changing their structures. In this review, we will discuss the different chromosomal patterns and changes observed in speciation, in evolutional biology as well as during tumor progression. By nature, the human genome shows an induction of diversity during gametogenesis but as well during tumorigenesis that can conclude in drastic changes such as the whole genome doubling to more discrete changes as the complex chromosomal rearrangement chromothripsis. More importantly, changes observed during speciation are strikingly similar to the genomic evolution observed during tumor progression and resistance to therapy. The different origins of CIN will be treated as the importance of double-strand breaks (DSBs) or the consequences of micronuclei. We will also explain the mechanisms behind the controlled DSBs, and recombination of homologous chromosomes observed during meiosis, to explain how errors lead to similar patterns observed during tumorigenesis. Then, we will also list several diseases associated with CIN, resulting in fertility issues, miscarriage, rare genetic diseases, and cancer. Understanding better chromosomal instability as a whole is primordial for the understanding of mechanisms leading to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine—CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide—University of Seville—CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Maikel Castellano-Pozo
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine—CABIMER, University of Pablo de Olavide—University of Seville—CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41080 Seville, Spain
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Dhital B, Rodriguez-Bravo V. Mechanisms of chromosomal instability (CIN) tolerance in aggressive tumors: surviving the genomic chaos. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:15. [PMID: 37058263 PMCID: PMC10104937 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a pervasive feature of human cancers involved in tumor initiation and progression and which is found elevated in metastatic stages. CIN can provide survival and adaptation advantages to human cancers. However, too much of a good thing may come at a high cost for tumor cells as excessive degree of CIN-induced chromosomal aberrations can be detrimental for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Thus, aggressive tumors adapt to cope with ongoing CIN and most likely develop unique susceptibilities that can be their Achilles' heel. Determining the differences between the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects of CIN at the molecular level has become one of the most exciting and challenging aspects in cancer biology. In this review, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms reported to contribute to the adaptation and perpetuation of aggressive tumor cells carrying CIN. The use of genomics, molecular biology, and imaging techniques is significantly enhancing the understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved in the generation of and adaptation to CIN in experimental models and patients, which were not possible to observe decades ago. The current and future research opportunities provided by these advanced techniques will facilitate the repositioning of CIN exploitation as a feasible therapeutic opportunity and valuable biomarker for several types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittiny Dhital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University Graduate School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Deng C, Ya A, Compton DA, Godek KM. A pluripotent developmental state confers a low fidelity of chromosome segregation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:475-488. [PMID: 36638786 PMCID: PMC9968987 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During in vitro propagation, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) frequently become aneuploid with incorrect chromosome numbers due to mitotic chromosome segregation errors. Yet, it is not understood why hPSCs exhibit a low mitotic fidelity. Here, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for mitotic errors in hPSCs and show that the primary cause is lagging chromosomes in anaphase with improper merotelic microtubule attachments. Accordingly, short-term treatment (<24 h) with small molecules that prolong mitotic duration or destabilize chromosome microtubule attachments reduces merotelic errors and lagging chromosome rates, although hPSCs adapt and lagging chromosome rates rebound upon long-term (>24 h) microtubule destabilization. Strikingly, we also demonstrate that mitotic error rates correlate with developmental potential decreasing or increasing upon loss or gain of pluripotency, respectively. Thus, a low mitotic fidelity is an inherent and conserved phenotype of hPSCs. Moreover, chromosome segregation fidelity depends on developmental state in normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Amanda Ya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kristina M Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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37
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Lau TY, Poon RY. Whole-Genome Duplication and Genome Instability in Cancer Cells: Double the Trouble. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043733. [PMID: 36835147 PMCID: PMC9959281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is one of the most common genomic abnormalities in cancers. WGD can provide a source of redundant genes to buffer the deleterious effect of somatic alterations and facilitate clonal evolution in cancer cells. The extra DNA and centrosome burden after WGD is associated with an elevation of genome instability. Causes of genome instability are multifaceted and occur throughout the cell cycle. Among these are DNA damage caused by the abortive mitosis that initially triggers tetraploidization, replication stress and DNA damage associated with an enlarged genome, and chromosomal instability during the subsequent mitosis in the presence of extra centrosomes and altered spindle morphology. Here, we chronicle the events after WGD, from tetraploidization instigated by abortive mitosis including mitotic slippage and cytokinesis failure to the replication of the tetraploid genome, and finally, to the mitosis in the presence of supernumerary centrosomes. A recurring theme is the ability of some cancer cells to overcome the obstacles in place for preventing WGD. The underlying mechanisms range from the attenuation of the p53-dependent G1 checkpoint to enabling pseudobipolar spindle formation via the clustering of supernumerary centrosomes. These survival tactics and the resulting genome instability confer a subset of polyploid cancer cells proliferative advantage over their diploid counterparts and the development of therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Yin Lau
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-8718
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Andersson N, Saba KH, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Karlsson J, Nord KH, Gisselsson D. Inactivation of RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 have distinct effects on genomic stability at side-by-side comparison in karyotypically normal cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:93-100. [PMID: 36124964 PMCID: PMC10091693 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a common feature in malignant tumors. Previous studies have indicated that inactivation of the classical tumor suppressor genes RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 may contribute to chromosomal aberrations in cancer by disrupting different aspects of the cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint machinery. We performed a side-by-side comparison of how inactivation of each of these genes affected chromosomal stability in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, RB1, CDKN2A, and TP53 were independently knocked out in karyotypically normal immortalized cells, after which these cells were followed over time. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a distinct phenotype with upregulation of pathways related to cell cycle control and proliferation in all three knockouts. Surprisingly, the RB1 and CDKN2A knocked out cell lines did not harbor more copy number aberrations than wild-type cells, despite culturing for months. The TP53-knocked out cells, in contrast, showed a massive amount of copy number alterations and saltatory evolution through whole genome duplication. This side-by-side comparison indicated that the effects on chromosomal stability from inactivation of RB1 and CDKN2A are negligible compared to inactivation of TP53, under the same conditions in a nonstressful environment, even though partly overlapping regulatory pathways are affected. Our data suggest that loss of RB1 and CDKN2A alone is not enough to trigger surviving detectable aneuploid clones while inactivation of TP53 on its own caused massive CIN leading to saltatory clonal evolution in vitro and clonal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim H Saba
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolin H Nord
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Gisselsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Skåne Healthcare Region, Lund, Sweden
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Intra-tumor heterogeneity, turnover rate and karyotype space shape susceptibility to missegregation-induced extinction. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010815. [PMID: 36689467 PMCID: PMC9917311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic efficacy of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) stems from their incidence per base pair of the genome, which is orders of magnitudes greater than that of point mutations. One mitotic event stands out in its potential to significantly change a cell's SCNA burden-a chromosome missegregation. A stochastic model of chromosome mis-segregations has been previously developed to describe the evolution of SCNAs of a single chromosome type. Building upon this work, we derive a general deterministic framework for modeling missegregations of multiple chromosome types. The framework offers flexibility to model intra-tumor heterogeneity in the SCNAs of all chromosomes, as well as in missegregation- and turnover rates. The model can be used to test how selection acts upon coexisting karyotypes over hundreds of generations. We use the model to calculate missegregation-induced population extinction (MIE) curves, that separate viable from non-viable populations as a function of their turnover- and missegregation rates. Turnover- and missegregation rates estimated from scRNA-seq data are then compared to theoretical predictions. We find convergence of theoretical and empirical results in both the location of MIE curves and the necessary conditions for MIE. When a dependency of missegregation rate on karyotype is introduced, karyotypes associated with low missegregation rates act as a stabilizing refuge, rendering MIE impossible unless turnover rates are exceedingly high. Intra-tumor heterogeneity, including heterogeneity in missegregation rates, increases as tumors progress, rendering MIE unlikely.
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Prime SS, Cirillo N, Parkinson EK. Escape from Cellular Senescence Is Associated with Chromosomal Instability in Oral Pre-Malignancy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010103. [PMID: 36671795 PMCID: PMC9855962 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An escape from cellular senescence through the development of unlimited growth potential is one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is thought to be an early event in carcinogenesis. In this review, we propose that the molecular effectors of senescence, particularly the inactivation of TP53 and CDKN2A, together with telomere attrition and telomerase activation, all lead to aneuploidy in the keratinocytes from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Premalignant keratinocytes, therefore, not only become immortal but also develop genotypic and phenotypic cellular diversity. As a result of these changes, certain clonal cell populations likely gain the capacity to invade the underlying connective tissue. We review the clinical implications of these changes and highlight a new PCR-based assay to identify aneuploid cell in fluids such as saliva, a technique that is extremely sensitive and could facilitate the regular monitoring of OPMD without the need for surgical biopsies and may avoid potential biopsy sampling errors. We also draw attention to recent studies designed to eliminate aneuploid tumour cell populations that, potentially, is a new therapeutic approach to prevent malignant transformations in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Prime
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanson Street, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - E. Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (E.K.P.)
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Scotto di Carlo F, Russo S, Muyas F, Mangini M, Garribba L, Pazzaglia L, Genesio R, Biamonte F, De Luca AC, Santaguida S, Scotlandi K, Cortés-Ciriano I, Gianfrancesco F. Profilin 1 deficiency drives mitotic defects and reduces genome stability. Commun Biol 2023; 6:9. [PMID: 36599901 PMCID: PMC9813376 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1-encoded by PFN1-is a small actin-binding protein with a tumour suppressive role in various adenocarcinomas and pagetic osteosarcomas. However, its contribution to tumour development is not fully understood. Using fix and live cell imaging, we report that Profilin 1 inactivation results in multiple mitotic defects, manifested prominently by anaphase bridges, multipolar spindles, misaligned and lagging chromosomes, and cytokinesis failures. Accordingly, next-generation sequencing technologies highlighted that Profilin 1 knock-out cells display extensive copy-number alterations, which are associated with complex genome rearrangements and chromothripsis events in primary pagetic osteosarcomas with Profilin 1 inactivation. Mechanistically, we show that Profilin 1 is recruited to the spindle midzone at anaphase, and its deficiency reduces the supply of actin filaments to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The mitotic defects are also observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells deriving from a newly generated knock-in mouse model harbouring a Pfn1 loss-of-function mutation. Furthermore, nuclear atypia is also detected in histological sections of mutant femurs. Thus, our results indicate that Profilin 1 has a role in regulating cell division, and its inactivation triggers mitotic defects, one of the major mechanisms through which tumour cells acquire chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scotto di Carlo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Sharon Russo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy ,grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesc Muyas
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Mangini
- grid.429047.c0000 0004 6477 0469Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Garribba
- grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- grid.419038.70000 0001 2154 6641IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy ,grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- grid.429047.c0000 0004 6477 0469Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- grid.419038.70000 0001 2154 6641IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
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42
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Weiss JG, Gallob F, Rieder P, Villunger A. Apoptosis as a Barrier against CIN and Aneuploidy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010030. [PMID: 36612027 PMCID: PMC9817872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is the gain or loss of entire chromosomes, chromosome arms or fragments. Over 100 years ago, aneuploidy was described to be a feature of cancer and is now known to be present in 68-90% of malignancies. Aneuploidy promotes cancer growth, reduces therapy response and frequently worsens prognosis. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is recognized as the main cause of aneuploidy. CIN itself is a dynamic but stochastic process consisting of different DNA content-altering events. These can include impaired replication fidelity and insufficient clearance of DNA damage as well as chromosomal mis-segregation, micronuclei formation, chromothripsis or cytokinesis failure. All these events can disembogue in segmental, structural and numerical chromosome alterations. While low levels of CIN can foster malignant disease, high levels frequently trigger cell death, which supports the "aneuploidy paradox" that refers to the intrinsically negative impact of a highly aberrant karyotype on cellular fitness. Here, we review how the cellular response to CIN and aneuploidy can drive the clearance of karyotypically unstable cells through the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we discuss the different modes of p53 activation triggered in response to mitotic perturbations that can potentially trigger CIN and/or aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G. Weiss
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Filip Gallob
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Rieder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43–512-9003-70380; Fax: +43–512-9003-73960
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43
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Rani B, Gupta DK, Johansson S, Kamranvar SA. Contribution of integrin adhesion to cytokinetic abscission and genomic integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1048717. [PMID: 36578785 PMCID: PMC9791049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that integrin-mediated adhesion contributes to the regulation of cell division at two key steps: the formation of the mitotic spindle at the mitotic entry and the final cytokinetic abscission at the mitotic exit. Failure in either of these processes will have a direct impact on the other in each round of the cell cycle and on the genomic integrity. This review aims to present how integrin signals are involved at these cell cycle stages under normal conditions and some safety mechanisms that may counteract the generation of aneuploid cells in cases of defective integrin signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Rani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepesh K. Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
| | - Siamak A. Kamranvar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
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44
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Krivega M, Stiefel CM, Storchova Z. Consequences of chromosome gain: A new view on trisomy syndromes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:2126-2140. [PMID: 36459979 PMCID: PMC9808507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome gains are detrimental for the development of the human embryo. As such, autosomal trisomies almost always result in spontaneous abortion, and the rare embryos surviving until live birth suffer from a plethora of pathological defects. There is no treatment currently available to ameliorate the consequences of trisomies, such as Down syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21). Identifying the source of the phenotypes observed in cells with extra chromosomes is crucial for understanding the underlying molecular causes of trisomy syndromes. Although increased expression of the genes localized on the extra chromosome triggers several pathological phenotypes, an alternative model suggests that global, aneuploidy-associated changes in cellular physiology also contribute to the pathology. Here, we compare the molecular consequences of trisomy syndromes in vivo against engineered cell lines carrying various chromosome gains in vitro. We point out several phenotypes that are shared by variable trisomies and, therefore, might be caused by the presence of an extra chromosome per se, independent of its identity. This alternative view may provide useful insights for understanding Down syndrome pathology and open additional opportunities for diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krivega
- Reproduction Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Clara M Stiefel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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45
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Klaasen SJ, Kops GJPL. Chromosome Inequality: Causes and Consequences of Non-Random Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis. Cells 2022; 11:3564. [PMID: 36428993 PMCID: PMC9688425 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and a major cause of miscarriages in humans. It is caused by chromosome segregation errors during cell divisions. Evidence is mounting that the probability of specific chromosomes undergoing a segregation error is non-random. In other words, some chromosomes have a higher chance of contributing to aneuploid karyotypes than others. This could have important implications for the origins of recurrent aneuploidy patterns in cancer and developing embryos. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the prevalence and causes of non-random chromosome segregation errors in mammalian mitosis and meiosis. We evaluate its potential impact on cancer and human reproduction and discuss possible research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Klaasen
- Hubrecht Institute—KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J. P. L. Kops
- Hubrecht Institute—KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Gomes AM, Orr B, Novais-Cruz M, De Sousa F, Macário-Monteiro J, Lemos C, Ferrás C, Maiato H. Micronuclei from misaligned chromosomes that satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint in cancer cells. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4240-4254.e5. [PMID: 36057259 PMCID: PMC9559752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome alignment to the spindle equator is a hallmark of mitosis thought to promote chromosome segregation fidelity in metazoans. Yet chromosome alignment is only indirectly supervised by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) as a byproduct of chromosome bi-orientation, and the consequences of defective chromosome alignment remain unclear. Here, we investigated how human cells respond to chromosome alignment defects of distinct molecular nature by following the fate of live HeLa cells after RNAi-mediated depletion of 125 proteins previously implicated in chromosome alignment. We confirmed chromosome alignment defects upon depletion of 108/125 proteins. Surprisingly, in all confirmed cases, depleted cells frequently entered anaphase after a delay with misaligned chromosomes. Using depletion of prototype proteins resulting in defective chromosome alignment, we show that misaligned chromosomes often satisfy the SAC and directly missegregate without lagging behind in anaphase. In-depth analysis of specific molecular perturbations that prevent proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments revealed that misaligned chromosomes that missegregate frequently result in micronuclei. Higher-resolution live-cell imaging indicated that, contrary to most anaphase lagging chromosomes that correct and reintegrate the main nuclei, misaligned chromosomes are a strong predictor of micronuclei formation in a cancer cell model of chromosomal instability, but not in non-transformed near-diploid cells. We provide evidence supporting that intrinsic differences in kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability on misaligned chromosomes account for this distinct outcome. Thus, misaligned chromosomes that satisfy the SAC may represent a previously overlooked mechanism driving chromosomal/genomic instability during cancer cell division, and we unveil genetic conditions predisposing for these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Gomes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Novais-Cruz
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe De Sousa
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Macário-Monteiro
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UnIGENe, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferrás
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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47
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Zhang F, Wei M, Chen H, Ji L, Nie Y, Kang J. The genomic stability regulator PTIP is required for proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. Cell Div 2022; 17:5. [PMID: 36153541 PMCID: PMC9509598 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-022-00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pax transcription activation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) is a nuclear protein that is an essential component of H3K4 methylation for gene activation in vascular, kidney, B cell, and adipocyte development. Furthermore, it plays a key role in genomic stability in higher eukaryotic cells. It binds to 53BP1 and antagonizes inappropriate homologous recombination for a proper DNA damage response. Interestingly, an early study reported mitotic defects after PTIP inactivation, but it is not clear whether PTIP directly facilitates mitotic processes. Results Here, we showed that PTIP is essential for the mitotic integrity of HeLa cells. PTIP inactivation increases cell death during mitotic exit, which appears to result from direct mitotic defects. PTIP inactivation did not affect the G2M DNA damage checkpoint during interphase upon etoposide treatment. However, in mitosis, PTIP inactivation results in prolonged mitotic time, inefficient chromosome alignment, and increased cell death. Furthermore, PTIP localizes to the mitotic centrosome via BRCT domains at the C-terminus. Conclusion This study reveals a novel function of PTIP in maintaining the genomic stability of higher eukaryotes during mitosis. Therefore, its deregulation, which occurs in various tumors, may destabilize the genome by introducing an abnormal DNA damage response, as well as erroneous chromosome segregation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-022-00081-4.
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48
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Du M, Zhang S, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang X. Nondiploid cancer cells: Stress, tolerance and therapeutic inspirations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188794. [PMID: 36075287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant ploidy status is a prominent characteristic in malignant neoplasms. Approximately 90% of solid tumors and 75% of haematopoietic malignancies contain aneuploidy cells, and 30%-60% of tumors undergo whole-genome doubling, indicating that nondiploidy might be a prevalent genomic aberration in cancer. Although the role of aneuploid and polyploid cells in cancer remains to be elucidated, recent studies have suggested that nondiploid cells might be a dangerous minority that severely challenges cancer management. Ploidy shifts cause multiple fitness coasts for cancer cells, mainly including genomic, proteotoxic, metabolic and immune stresses. However, nondiploid comprises a well-adopted subpopulation, with many tolerance mechanisms evident in cells along with ploidy shifts. Aneuploid and polyploid cells elegantly maintain an autonomous balance between the stress and tolerance during adaptive evolution in cancer. Breaking the balance might provide some inspiration for ploidy-selective cancer therapy and alleviation of ploidy-related chemoresistance. To understand of the complex role and therapeutic potential of nondiploid cells better, we reviewed the survival stresses and adaptive tolerances within nondiploid cancer cells and summarized therapeutic ploidy-selective alterations for potential use in developing future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Konishi I, Abiko K, Hayashi T, Yamanoi K, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Baba T, Matsumura N, Mandai M. Peritoneal dissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: pivotal roles of chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e83. [PMID: 36032027 PMCID: PMC9428305 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The representative histotype is high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), and most patients with HGSC present at advanced stages with peritoneal dissemination. Since the peritoneal dissemination is the most important factor for poor prognosis of the patients, complete exploration for its molecular mechanisms is mandatory. In this narrative review, being based on the clinical, pathologic, and genomic findings of HGSC, chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics have been discussed as the potential drivers for cancer development in the fallopian tube, acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, and peritoneal metastasis of HGSC. The natural history of carcinogenesis with clonal evolution, and adaptation to microenvironment of peritoneal dissemination of HGSC should be targeted in the novel development of strategies for prevention, early detection, and precision treatment for patients with HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Hayashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Negoto T, Jo M, Nakayama I, Morioka M, Takeuchi K, Kawachi H, Hirota T. Profiling chromosomal-level variations in gastric malignancies. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3864-3876. [PMID: 36002148 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy arises from persistent chromosome segregation errors, or chromosomal instability. Although it has long been known as a hallmark of cancer cells, reduced cellular fitness upon induced ploidy alterations hinders the understanding of how aneuploidy relates to cancer development in the body. In this study, we employed the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis targeting centromeres to indicate ploidy changes, and quantitatively evaluated the ploidy statuses of gastric tumors derived from a total of 214 patients, ranging from early to advanced diseases. We found that cancer cells reveal a marked elevation of aneuploid population, increasingly in cases diagnosed in advanced stages. The expansion of aneuploid population is well associated with p53 deficiency, consistent with its essential role in genome maintenance. Comparisons among multiple locations within the tumor, or between the primary and metastatic tumors, indicated that cancer cells mostly remain their ploidy alterations throughout the primary tumors, but metastatic tumors may be consisted of cells with either increased or decreased levels of aneuploidy. We also found that a notable proportion of polyploid cells are often present already in chronic gastritis epithelia. These observations underscore that the chromosome-level variations are widespread in gastric cancers, shaping their genetic heterogeneity and malignant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Negoto
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minji Jo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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