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Jiao F, Meng L, Du K, Li X. The autophagy-lysosome pathway: a potential target in the chemical and gene therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:139-158. [PMID: 38767483 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such as α-synuclein in neurons. As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways, the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins. Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance of α-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Thus, this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy. Then, we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson's disease-related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Finally, we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kang Du
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Coukos R, Krainc D. Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:393-413. [PMID: 38600347 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the preferential dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The onset and progression of PD is influenced by a diversity of genetic variants, many of which lack functional characterization. To identify the most high-yield targets for therapeutic intervention, it is important to consider the core cellular compartments and functional pathways upon which the varied forms of pathogenic dysfunction may converge. Here, we review several key PD-linked proteins and pathways, focusing on the mechanisms of their potential convergence in disease pathogenesis. These dysfunctions primarily localize to a subset of subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, lysosomes and synapses. We discuss how these pathogenic mechanisms that originate in different cellular compartments may coordinately lead to cellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Yi S, Wang L, Ho MS, Zhang S. The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1150-1155. [PMID: 37862221 PMCID: PMC10749615 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, and brain accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates called Lewy bodies. Dysfunction in protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy, has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease. However, it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia, the other cell type in the brain. In the present study, we show that autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9), the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery, is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult brain. Results from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network, autophagosomes, and lysosomes in glia. Atg9 is persistently in contact with these organelles. Lacking glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes, and impairs autophagic substrate degradation. This suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy, and hence the control of autophagic degradation. Importantly, loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, locomotion deficits, and glial activation. Our findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson's disease. These results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglong Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Margaret S. Ho
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Kulkarni PG, Mohire VM, Waghmare PP, Banerjee T. Interplay of mitochondria-associated membrane proteins and autophagy: Implications in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101874. [PMID: 38514017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of membrane contact sites between ER and mitochondria called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), several pieces of evidence identified their role in the regulation of different cellular processes such as Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial transport, and dynamics, ER stress, inflammation, glucose homeostasis, and autophagy. The integrity of these membranes was found to be essential for the maintenance of these cellular functions. Accumulating pieces of evidence suggest that MAMs serve as a platform for autophagosome formation. However, the alteration within MAMs structure is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulated autophagy is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. Here, in this review, we highlight the present knowledge on MAMs, their structural composition, and their roles in different cellular functions. We also discuss the association of MAMs proteins with impaired autophagy and their involvement in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007 India
| | - Vaibhavi M Mohire
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Survey No 87/88, Mumbai Bangalore Express Highway, Tathawade, Pune 411 033 India
| | - Pranjal P Waghmare
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Survey No 87/88, Mumbai Bangalore Express Highway, Tathawade, Pune 411 033 India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Survey No 87/88, Mumbai Bangalore Express Highway, Tathawade, Pune 411 033 India; Infosys Ltd., SEZ unit VI, Plot No. 1, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjawadi Phase I, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India.
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5
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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Sharma S, Gupta G, Sivaprasad GV, Deorari M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Shahwan M, Pant K, Ali H, Singh SK, Dua K, Subramaniyan V. Autophagy-associated non-coding RNAs: Unraveling their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14763. [PMID: 38790149 PMCID: PMC11126788 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological condition marked by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The precise etiology of PD remains unclear, but emerging evidence suggests a significant role for disrupted autophagy-a crucial cellular process for maintaining protein and organelle integrity. METHODS This review focuses on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating autophagy in PD. We conducted a comprehensive review of recent studies to explore how ncRNAs influence autophagy and contribute to PD pathophysiology. Special attention was given to the examination of ncRNAs' regulatory impacts in various PD models and patient samples. RESULTS Findings reveal that ncRNAs are pivotal in regulating key processes associated with PD progression, including autophagy, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Dysregulation of specific ncRNAs appears to be closely linked to these pathogenic processes. CONCLUSION ncRNAs hold significant therapeutic potential for addressing autophagy-related mechanisms in PD. The review highlights innovative therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy-related ncRNAs and discusses the challenges and prospective directions for developing ncRNA-based therapies in clinical practice. The insights from this study underline the importance of ncRNAs in the molecular landscape of PD and their potential in novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesJaipur National UniversityJaipurRajasthanIndia
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy ProgramBatterjee Medical CollegeJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of CollegesMohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio‐allied Health Sciences ResearchAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
- Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjabIndia
| | - G. V. Sivaprasad
- Department of Basic Science & HumanitiesRaghu Engineering CollegeVisakhapatnamIndia
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyJouf UniversitySakakaAl‐JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio‐allied Health Sciences ResearchAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)DehradunIndia
- Graphic Era Hill UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Department of PharmacologyKyrgyz State Medical CollegeBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
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6
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Onal G, Yalçın-Çakmaklı G, Özçelik CE, Boussaad I, Şeker UÖŞ, Fernandes HJR, Demir H, Krüger R, Elibol B, Dökmeci S, Salman MM. Variant-specific effects of GBA1 mutations on dopaminergic neuron proteostasis. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38641924 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) mutations are the most important genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinically, mild (e.g., p.N370S) and severe (e.g., p.L444P and p.D409H) GBA1 mutations have different PD phenotypes, with differences in age at disease onset, progression, and the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms. We hypothesize that GBA1 mutations cause the accumulation of α-synuclein by affecting the cross-talk between cellular protein degradation mechanisms, leading to neurodegeneration. Accordingly, we tested whether mild and severe GBA1 mutations differentially affect the degradation of α-synuclein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy and differentially cause accumulation and/or release of α-synuclein. Our results demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and total ubiquitination rates were significantly increased in cells with severe GBA1 mutations. CMA was found to be defective in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic neurons with mild GBA1 mutations, but not in those with severe GBA1 mutations. When examining macroautophagy, we observed reduced formation of autophagosomes in cells with the N370S and D409H GBA1 mutations and impairments in autophagosome-lysosome fusion in cells with the L444P GBA1 mutation. Accordingly, severe GBA1 mutations were found to trigger the accumulation and release of oligomeric α-synuclein in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons, primarily as a result of increased ER stress and defective macroautophagy, while mild GBA1 mutations affected CMA, which is mainly responsible for the degradation of the monomeric form of α-synuclein. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of the clinical variability in PD associated with different GBA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Onal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Yalçın-Çakmaklı
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C E Özçelik
- National Nanotechnology Research Center, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - U Ö Ş Şeker
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, National Nanotechnology Research Center, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugo J R Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Demir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - B Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Dökmeci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Rowlands J, Moore DJ. VPS35 and retromer dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220384. [PMID: 38368930 PMCID: PMC10874700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene encodes a core component of the retromer complex essential for the endosomal sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo. Endo-lysosomal pathway deficits are suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in VPS35 cause a late-onset, autosomal dominant form of PD, with a single missense mutation (D620N) shown to segregate with disease in PD families. Understanding how the PD-linked D620N mutation causes retromer dysfunction will provide valuable insight into the pathophysiology of PD and may advance the identification of therapeutics. D620N VPS35 can induce LRRK2 hyperactivation and impair endosomal recruitment of the WASH complex but is also linked to mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal pathway dysfunction and altered neurotransmitter receptor transport. The clinical similarities between VPS35-linked PD and sporadic PD suggest that defects observed in cellular and animal models with the D620N VPS35 mutation may provide valuable insights into sporadic disease. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge surrounding VPS35 and its role in retromer dysfunction in PD. We provide a critical discussion of the mechanisms implicated in VPS35-mediated neurodegeneration in PD, as well as the interplay between VPS35 and other PD-linked gene products. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rowlands
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Hull A, Atilano ML, Gergi L, Kinghorn KJ. Lysosomal storage, impaired autophagy and innate immunity in Gaucher and Parkinson's diseases: insights for drug discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220381. [PMID: 38368939 PMCID: PMC10874704 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment of autophagic-lysosomal pathways is increasingly being implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the commonest known genetic risk factor for PD. GBA1 mutations have been shown to cause autophagic-lysosomal impairment. Defective autophagic degradation of unwanted cellular constituents is associated with several pathologies, including loss of normal protein homeostasis, particularly of α-synuclein, and innate immune dysfunction. The latter is observed both peripherally and centrally in PD and GD. Here, we will discuss the mechanistic links between autophagy and immune dysregulation, and the possible role of these pathologies in communication between the gut and brain in these disorders. Recent work in a fly model of neuronopathic GD (nGD) revealed intestinal autophagic defects leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction and immune activation. Rapamycin treatment partially reversed the autophagic block and reduced immune activity, in association with increased survival and improved locomotor performance. Alterations in the gut microbiome are a critical driver of neuroinflammation, and studies have revealed that eradication of the microbiome in nGD fly and mouse models of PD ameliorate brain inflammation. Following these observations, lysosomal-autophagic pathways, innate immune signalling and microbiome dysbiosis are discussed as potential therapeutic targets in PD and GD. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hull
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Magda L Atilano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laith Gergi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kerri J Kinghorn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Qian S, He H, Xiong X, Ai R, Wang W, Zhu H, Ye Q, Zhou S, Nilsen H, Xie C. Identification of mitophagy-associated proteins profile as potential plasma biomarkers of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14532. [PMID: 37990436 PMCID: PMC11056850 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive work to identify diagnostic plasma markers for Parkinson's disease (PD), there are still no accepted and validated surrogate biomarkers. Mitophagy-associated proteins (MAPs), including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and phosphorylated-TBK1 (p-TBK1), are, to our best knowledge, not well studied as a panel of biomarkers of neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS The study population comprised 116 age-matched controls (HC), 179 PD patients, alongside and 90 PD syndromes (PDs) divided between two cohorts: (i) the modeling cohort (cohort 1), including 150 PD, 97 HC, and 80 PDs; and (ii) the validated cohort (cohort 2), including 29 PD, 19 HC, and 10 PDs. RESULTS MAPs are elevated in the plasma of PD patients. PINK1, Parkin, and PGAM5 displayed the top three measurable increase trends in amplitude compared to BNIP3 and p-TBK1. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) values of PINK1, PGAM5, and Parkin were ranked the top three MAP candidates in diagnosis accuracy for PD from HC, but the MAPs make it hard to differentiate PD from PDs. In addition, there are higher plasma PINK1-Parkin levels and prominent diagnostic accuracy in A-synuclein (+) subjects than in A-synuclein (-) subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results uncover that plasma MAPs (PINK1, Parkin, and PGAM5) may be potentially useful diagnostic biomarkers for PD diagnosis. Studies on larger cohorts would be required to test whether elevated plasma MAP levels are related to PD risk or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Qian
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Haijun He
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The Center of Traditional Chinese MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of MicrobiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Unit of Precision MedicineAkershus University HospitalNordbyhagenNorway
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute Of Aging, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Medical CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Ferrucci M, Scotto M, Frati A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Busceti CL, Fornai F. Is There a Place for Lewy Bodies before and beyond Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation? Provocative Issues in Need of Solid Explanations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3929. [PMID: 38612739 PMCID: PMC11011529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) assumed a prominent role as a major component and seeding structure of Lewy bodies (LBs). This concept is driving ongoing research on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). In line with this, alpha-syn is considered to be the guilty protein in the disease process, and it may be targeted through precision medicine to modify disease progression. Therefore, designing specific tools to block the aggregation and spreading of alpha-syn represents a major effort in the development of disease-modifying therapies in PD. The present article analyzes concrete evidence about the significance of alpha-syn within LBs. In this effort, some dogmas are challenged. This concerns the question of whether alpha-syn is more abundant compared with other proteins within LBs. Again, the occurrence of alpha-syn compared with non-protein constituents is scrutinized. Finally, the prominent role of alpha-syn in seeding LBs as the guilty structure causing PD is questioned. These revisited concepts may be helpful in the process of validating which proteins, organelles, and pathways are likely to be involved in the damage to meso-striatal dopamine neurons and other brain regions involved in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lenzi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Scotto
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- IRCCS—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy or (A.F.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCCS—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy or (A.F.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy or (A.F.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.); (M.S.)
- IRCCS—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy or (A.F.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
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11
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Fan RZ, Sportelli C, Lai Y, Salehe SS, Pinnell JR, Brown HJ, Richardson JR, Luo S, Tieu K. A partial Drp1 knockout improves autophagy flux independent of mitochondrial function. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:26. [PMID: 38504290 PMCID: PMC10953112 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) plays a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics. Partial inhibition of this protein is protective in experimental models of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The protective mechanism has been attributed primarily to improved mitochondrial function. However, the observations that Drp1 inhibition reduces protein aggregation in such neurological disorders suggest the involvement of autophagy. To investigate this potential novel protective mechanism of Drp1 inhibition, a model with impaired autophagy without mitochondrial involvement is needed. METHODS We characterized the effects of manganese (Mn), which causes parkinsonian-like symptoms in humans, on autophagy and mitochondria by performing dose-response studies in two cell culture models (stable autophagy HeLa reporter cells and N27 rat immortalized dopamine neuronal cells). Mitochondrial function was assessed using the Seahorse Flux Analyzer. Autophagy flux was monitored by quantifying the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, as well as the levels of other autophagy proteins. To strengthen the in vitro data, multiple mouse models (autophagy reporter mice and mutant Drp1+/- mice and their wild-type littermates) were orally treated with a low chronic Mn regimen that was previously reported to increase α-synuclein aggregation and transmission via exosomes. RNAseq, laser captured microdissection, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, stereological cell counting, and behavioural studies were used. RESULTS IN VITRO: data demonstrate that at low non-toxic concentrations, Mn impaired autophagy flux but not mitochondrial function and morphology. In the mouse midbrain, RNAseq data further confirmed autophagy pathways were dysregulated but not mitochondrial related genes. Additionally, Mn selectively impaired autophagy in the nigral dopamine neurons but not the nearby nigral GABA neurons. In cells with a partial Drp1-knockdown and Drp1+/- mice, Mn induced autophagic impairment was significantly prevented. Consistent with these observations, Mn increased the levels of proteinase-K resistant α-synuclein and Drp1-knockdown protected against this pathology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that improved autophagy flux is a separate mechanism conferred by Drp1 inhibition independent of its role in mitochondrial fission. Given that impaired autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction are two prominent features of neurodegenerative diseases, the combined protective mechanisms targeting these two pathways conferred by Drp1 inhibition make this protein an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z Fan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Carolina Sportelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Said S Salehe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Jennifer R Pinnell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Harry J Brown
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
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12
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Rose EP, Osterberg VR, Banga JS, Gorbunova V, Unni VK. Alpha-synuclein regulates the repair of genomic DNA double-strand breaks in a DNA-PK cs-dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582819. [PMID: 38496612 PMCID: PMC10942394 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
α-synuclein (αSyn) is a presynaptic and nuclear protein that aggregates in important neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) and Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). Our past work suggests that nuclear αSyn may regulate forms of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in HAP1 cells after DNA damage induction with the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin1. Here, we report that genetic deletion of αSyn specifically impairs the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DSB repair using an extrachromosomal plasmid-based repair assay in HAP1 cells. Importantly, induction of a single DSB at a precise genomic location using a CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral approach also showed the importance of αSyn in regulating NHEJ in HAP1 cells and primary mouse cortical neuron cultures. This modulation of DSB repair is dependent on the activity of the DNA damage response signaling kinase DNA-PKcs, since the effect of αSyn loss-of-function is reversed by DNA-PKcs inhibition. Using in vivo multiphoton imaging in mouse cortex after induction of αSyn pathology, we find an increase in longitudinal cell survival of inclusion-bearing neurons after Polo-like kinase (PLK) inhibition, which is associated with an increase in the amount of aggregated αSyn within inclusions. Together, these findings suggest that αSyn plays an important physiologic role in regulating DSB repair in both a transformed cell line and in primary cortical neurons. Loss of this nuclear function may contribute to the neuronal genomic instability detected in PD, PDD and DLB and points to DNA-PKcs and PLK as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Rose
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Valerie R. Osterberg
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jovin S. Banga
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14620
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
- OHSU Parkinson Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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13
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Kon T, Lee S, Martinez-Valbuena I, Yoshida K, Tanikawa S, Lang AE, Kovacs GG. Molecular Behavior of α-Synuclein Is Associated with Membrane Transport, Lipid Metabolism, and Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Lewy Body Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2676. [PMID: 38473923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lewy body diseases (LBDs) feature α-synuclein (α-syn)-containing Lewy bodies, with misfolded α-syn potentially propagating as seeds. Using a seeding amplification assay, we previously reported distinct α-syn seeding in LBD cases based on the area under seeding curves. This study revealed that LBD cases showing different α-syn seeding kinetics have distinct proteomics profiles, emphasizing disruptions in mitochondria and lipid metabolism in high-seeder cases. Though the mechanisms underlying LBD development are intricate, the factors influencing α-syn seeding activity remain elusive. To address this and complement our previous findings, we conducted targeted transcriptome analyses in the substantia nigra using the nanoString nCounter assay together with histopathological evaluations in high (n = 4) and low (n = 3) nigral α-syn seeders. Neuropathological findings (particularly the substantia nigra) were consistent between these groups and were characterized by neocortical LBD associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change. Among the 1811 genes assessed, we identified the top 20 upregulated and downregulated genes and pathways in α-syn high seeders compared with low seeders. Notably, alterations were observed in genes and pathways related to transmembrane transporters, lipid metabolism, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the high α-syn seeders. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the molecular behavior of α-syn is the driving force in the neurodegenerative process affecting the substantia nigra through these identified pathways. These insights highlight their potential as therapeutic targets for attenuating LBD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Seojin Lee
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ivan Martinez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanikawa
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
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14
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Bai I, Keyser C, Zhang Z, Rosolia B, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Yan J. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322842. [PMID: 38455054 PMCID: PMC10918468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular mechanism that enables the degradation and recycling of cellular organelles and proteins via the lysosomal pathway. In neurodevelopment and maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, autophagy is required to regulate presynaptic functions, synapse remodeling, and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency of autophagy has been shown to underlie the synaptic and behavioral deficits of many neurological diseases such as autism, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence reveals that dysregulated autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation, a common pathological feature in many neurological disorders leading to defective synaptic morphology and plasticity. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of autophagy and its effects on synapses and neuroinflammation, with emphasis on how autophagy is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Bai
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Keyser
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Breandan Rosolia
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R. Suzanne Zukin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Hegde M, Vasquez V, Kodavati M, Mitra J, Vendula I, Hamilton D, Garruto R, Rao KS. Mitochondria-Targeted Oligomeric α-Synuclein Induces TOM40 Degradation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism-Dementia of Guam. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3970470. [PMID: 38464024 PMCID: PMC10925433 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3970470/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central aspect of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates the link between α-Synuclein (α-Syn) pathology and the loss of translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOM40), unraveling its implications for mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurons. We discovered that TOM40 protein depletion occurs in the brains of patients with Guam Parkinsonism Dementia (Guam PD) and cultured neurons expressing α-Syn proteinopathy, notably, without corresponding changes in TOM40 mRNA levels. Cultured neurons expressing α-Syn mutants, with or without a mitochondria-targeting signal (MTS) underscore the role of α-Syn's mitochondrial localization in inducing TOM40 degradation. Parkinson's Disease related etiological factors, such as 6-hydroxy dopamine or ROS/metal ions stress, which promote α-Syn oligomerization, exacerbate TOM40 depletion in PD patient-derived cells with SNCA gene triplication. Although α-Syn interacts with both TOM40 and TOM20 in the outer mitochondrial membrane, degradation is selective for TOM40, which occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) pathway. Our comprehensive analyses using Seahorse technology, mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and damage assessments, demonstrate that mutant α-Syn-induced TOM40 loss results in mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced membrane potential, accumulation of mtDNA damage, deletion/insertion mutations, and altered oxygen consumption rates. Notably, ectopic supplementation of TOM40 or reducing pathological forms of α-Syn using ADP-ribosylation inhibitors ameliorate these mitochondrial defects, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues. In conclusion, our findings provide crucial mechanistic insights into how α-Syn accumulation leads to TOM40 degradation and mitochondrial dysfunction, offering insights for targeted interventions to alleviate mitochondrial defects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joy Mitra
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | | | - Dale Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute
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16
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Liang Y, Zhong G, Li Y, Ren M, Wang A, Ying M, Liu C, Guo Y, Zhang D. Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Lysosomal Gene ACP2 and Pan-cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10652-x. [PMID: 38310198 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of lysosomal function in preserving neuronal homeostasis is recognized, with its dysfunction being implicated in neurodegenerative processes, notably in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the molecular underpinnings of lysosome-related genes (LRGs) in the context of PD remain partially elucidated. We collected RNA-seq data from the brain substantia nigra of 30 PD patients and 20 normal subjects from the GEO database. We obtained molecular classification clusters from the screened lysosomal expression patterns. The lysosome-related diagnostic model of Parkinson's disease was constructed by XGBoost and Random Forest. And we validated the expression patterns of signature LRGs in the diagnostic model by constructing a PD rat model. Finally, the linkage between PD and cancer through signature genes was explored. The expression patterns of the 33 LRGs screened can be divided into two groups of PD samples, enabling exploration of the variance in biological processes and immune elements. Cluster A had a higher disease severity. Subsequently, critical genes were sieved through the application of machine learning methodologies culminating in the identification of two intersecting feature genes (ACP2 and LRP2). A PD risk prediction model was constructed grounded on these signature genes. The model's validity was assessed through nomogram evaluation, which demonstrated robust confidence validity. Then we analyzed the correlation analysis, immune in-filtration, biological function, and rat expression validation of the two genes with common pathogenic genes in Parkinson's disease, indicating that these two genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. We then selected ACP2, which had a significant immune infiltration correlation, as the entry gene for the pan-cancer analysis. The pan-cancer analysis revealed that ACP2 has profound associations with prognostic indicators, immune infiltration, and tumor-related regulatory processes across various neoplasms, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in a range of human diseases, including PD and cancers. Our study comprehensively analyzed the molecular grouping of LRGs expression patterns in Parkinson's disease, and the disease progression was more severe in cluster A. And the PD diagnosis model related to LRGs is constructed. Finally, ACP2 is a potential target for the relationship between Parkinson's disease and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Guangshang Zhong
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Mingxin Ren
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Mengjiao Ying
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Ding Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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17
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Walker L, Attems J. Prevalence of Concomitant Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Insights into Common Pathogenic Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:35-52. [PMID: 38143370 PMCID: PMC10836576 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques), cardiovascular disease, and limbic predominant TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) often co-exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to Lewy body pathology (α-synuclein). Numerous studies point to a putative synergistic relationship between hyperphosphorylation tau, Aβ, cardiovascular lesions, and TDP-43 with α-synuclein, which may alter the stereotypical pattern of pathological progression and accelerate cognitive decline. Here we discuss the prevalence and relationships between common concomitant pathologies observed in PD. In addition, we highlight shared genetic risk factors and developing biomarkers that may provide better diagnostic accuracy for patients with PD that have co-existing pathologies. The tremendous heterogeneity observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between pathogenic, genetic, and environmental factors, and increasing our understanding of how these relate to idiopathic PD will drive research into finding accurate diagnostic tools and disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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18
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Saramowicz K, Siwecka N, Galita G, Kucharska-Lusina A, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Alpha-Synuclein Contribution to Neuronal and Glial Damage in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:360. [PMID: 38203531 PMCID: PMC10778752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the widespread accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein aggregates. αSyn aggregation disrupts critical cellular processes, including synaptic function, mitochondrial integrity, and proteostasis, which culminate in neuronal cell death. Importantly, αSyn pathology extends beyond neurons-it also encompasses spreading throughout the neuronal environment and internalization by microglia and astrocytes. Once internalized, glia can act as neuroprotective scavengers, which limit the spread of αSyn. However, they can also become reactive, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation and the progression of PD. Recent advances in αSyn research have enabled the molecular diagnosis of PD and accelerated the development of targeted therapies. Nevertheless, despite more than two decades of research, the cellular function, aggregation mechanisms, and induction of cellular damage by αSyn remain incompletely understood. Unraveling the interplay between αSyn, neurons, and glia may provide insights into disease initiation and progression, which may bring us closer to exploring new effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, we provide an overview of recent studies emphasizing the multifaceted nature of αSyn and its impact on both neuron and glial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (N.S.); (G.G.); (A.K.-L.); (W.R.-K.)
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19
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Puri C, Gratian MJ, Rubinsztein DC. Mammalian autophagosomes form from finger-like phagophores. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2746-2760.e5. [PMID: 37683632 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of morphological intermediates that leads to mammalian autophagosome formation and closure is a crucial yet poorly understood issue. Previous studies have shown that yeast autophagosomes evolve from cup-shaped phagophores with only one closure point, and mammalian studies have inferred that mammalian phagophores also have single openings. Our superresolution microscopy studies in different human cell lines in conditions of basal and nutrient-deprivation-induced autophagy identified autophagosome precursors with multifocal origins that evolved into unexpected finger-like phagophores with multiple openings before becoming more spherical structures. Compatible phagophore structures were observed with whole-mount and conventional electron microscopy. This sequence of events was visualized using advanced SIM2 superresolution live microscopy. The finger-shaped phagophore apertures remained open when ESCRT function was compromised. The efficient closure of autophagic structures is important for their release from the recycling endosome. This has important implications for understanding how autophagosomes form and capture various cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Matthew J Gratian
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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20
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Niederberger E, Möller M, Mungo E, Hass M, Wilken-Schmitz A, Manderscheid C, Möser CV, Geisslinger G. Distinct molecular mechanisms contribute to the reduction of melanoma growth and tumor pain after systemic and local depletion of alpha-Synuclein in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23287. [PMID: 37930651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301489r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a coincidence between Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignant melanoma. It has been suggested that this relationship is due, at least in part, to modulation of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn/Snca). αSyn oligomers accumulate in PD, which triggers typical PD symptoms, and in malignant melanoma, which increases the proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, αSyn contributes to non-motor symptoms of PD, including pain. In this study, we investigated the role of αSyn in melanoma growth and melanoma-induced pain in a mouse model using systemic and local depletion of αSyn. B16BL6 wild-type as well as αSyn knock-down melanoma cells were inoculated into the paws of αSyn knock-out mice and wild-type mice, respectively. Tumor growth and tumor-induced pain hypersensitivity were assessed over a period of 21 days. Molecular mechanisms were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western Blot in tumors, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Our results indicate that both global and local ablation of Snca contribute to reduced tumor growth and to a reduction of tumor-induced mechanical allodynia, though mechanisms contributing to these effects differ. While injection of wild-type cells in Snca knock-out mice strongly increased the immune response in the tumor, local Snca knock-down decreased autophagy mechanisms and the inflammatory reaction in the tumor. In conclusion, a knockdown of αSyn might constitute a promising approach to inhibiting the progression of melanoma and reducing tumor-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz Möller
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michelle Hass
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Manderscheid
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine V Möser
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Guan L, Wen X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Yang M, Wang S, Qin Q. Grouper Rab1 inhibits nodovirus infection by affecting virus entry and host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109136. [PMID: 37839541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Rab1, a GTPase, is present in all eukaryotes, and is mainly involved in vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, thereby regulating many cellular activities and pathogenic infections. However, little is known of how Rab1 functions in fish during virus infection. Groupers (Epinephelus spp.) are high in economic value and widely cultivated in China and Southeast Asia, although they often suffer from diseases. Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), a highly pathogenic RNA virus, is a major pathogen in cultured groupers, and causes huge economic losses. A series of host cellular proteins involved in RGNNV infection was identified. However, the impact of Rab1 on RGNNV infection has not yet been reported. In this study, a novel Rab1 homolog (EcRab1) from Epinephelus coioides was cloned, and its roles during virus infection and host immune responses were investigated. EcRab1 encoded a 202 amino acid polypeptide, showing 98% and 78% identity to Epinephelus lanceolatus and Homo sapiens, respectively. After challenge with RGNNV or poly(I:C), the transcription of EcRab1 was altered both in vitro and in vivo, implying that EcRab1 was involved in virus infection. Subcellular localization showed that EcRab1 was displayed as punctate structures in the cytoplasm, which was affected by EcRab1 mutants. The dominant negative (DN) EcRab1, enabling EcRab1 to remain in the GDP-binding state, caused EcRab1 to be diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. Constitutively active (CA) EcRab1, enabling EcRab1 to remain in the GTP-binding state, induced larger cluster structures of EcRab1. During the late stage of RGNNV infection, some EcRab1 co-localized with RGNNV, and the size of EcRab1 clusters was enlarged. Importantly, overexpression of EcRab1 significantly inhibited RGNNV infection, and knockdown of EcRab1 promoted RGNNV infection. Furthermore, EcRab1 inhibited the entry of RGNNV to host cells. Compared with EcRab1, overexpression of DN EcRab1 or CA EcRab1 also promoted RGNNV infection, suggesting that EcRab1 regulated RGNNV infection, depending on the cycles of GTP- and GDP-binding states. In addition, EcRab1 positively regulated interferon (IFN) immune and inflammatory responses. Taken together, these results suggest that EcRab1 affects RGNNV infection, possibly by regulating host immunity. Our study furthers the understanding of Rab1 function during virus infection, thus helping to design new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Guan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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22
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Tan R, Shen J, Xu T, Pan X. Rab1A functioned as a binding protein involved in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109239. [PMID: 37992912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus (MrTV) is a virulent pathogen that mainly threatens M. rosenbergii larvae. Rab proteins, which are essential for controlling intracellular membrane trafficking, are hijacked by multiple viruses to complete their life cycle. In this paper, we studied the function of M. rosenbergii Rab1A (MrRab1A) in the MrTV infection. Upon MrTV infection, the transcription level of MrRab1A was significantly up-regulated, indicating MrRab1A was a MrTV responsive gene and might be important for MrTV infection. Co-IP and co-localization assays revealed that MrRab1A could directly bind with MrTV and its capsid protein VP3. Moreover, the in vivo neutralization assay demonstrated that pre-incubation of MrTV with recombinant MrRab1A could partially block MrTV infection. These findings indicated that MrRab1A functioned as a virus-binding protein involved in MrTV infection, which shed new light on the mechanism of MrTV infection and provided a potential target for developing anti-MrTV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Tan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jinyu Shen
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China.
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23
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Khan MR, Yin X, Kang SU, Mitra J, Wang H, Ryu T, Brahmachari S, Karuppagounder SS, Kimura Y, Jhaldiyal A, Kim HH, Gu H, Chen R, Redding-Ochoa J, Troncoso J, Na CH, Ha T, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in pathologic α-synuclein cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd0499. [PMID: 38019930 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic α-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of proteostasis is thought to be central to pathologic α-synuclein toxicity; however, the molecular mechanism of this deregulation is poorly understood. Complementary proteomic approaches in cellular and animal models of PD were used to identify and characterize the pathologic α-synuclein interactome. We report that the highest biological processes that interacted with pathologic α-synuclein in mice included RNA processing and translation initiation. Regulation of catabolic processes that include autophagy were also identified. Pathologic α-synuclein was found to bind with the tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) and to trigger the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), which augmented mRNA translation and protein synthesis, leading to neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR and protein synthesis rescued the dopamine neuron loss, behavioral deficits, and aberrant biochemical signaling in the α-synuclein preformed fibril mouse model and Drosophila transgenic models of pathologic α-synuclein-induced degeneration. Pathologic α-synuclein furthermore led to a destabilization of the TSC1-TSC2 complex, which plays an important role in mTORC1 activity. Constitutive overexpression of TSC2 rescued motor deficits and neuropathology in α-synuclein flies. Biochemical examination of PD postmortem brain tissues also suggested deregulated mTORC1 signaling. These findings establish a connection between mRNA translation deregulation and mTORC1 pathway activation that is induced by pathologic α-synuclein in cellular and animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Taekyung Ryu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aanishaa Jhaldiyal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hao Gu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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24
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Komori T, Kuwahara T. An Update on the Interplay between LRRK2, Rab GTPases and Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1645. [PMID: 38002327 PMCID: PMC10669493 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research on the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases has greatly evolved, revealing potential targets and mechanisms linked to their pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is no exception, and recent studies point to the involvement of endolysosomal defects in PD. The endolysosomal system, which tightly controls a flow of endocytosed vesicles targeted either for degradation or recycling, is regulated by a number of Rab GTPases. Their associations with leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a major causative and risk protein of PD, has also been one of the hot topics in the field. Understanding their interactions and functions is critical for unraveling their contribution to PD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies on LRRK2 and Rab GTPases and attempt to provide more insight into the interaction of LRRK2 with each Rab and its relationship to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Cecchi C. α-Synuclein oligomers and fibrils: partners in crime in synucleinopathies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2332-2342. [PMID: 37282450 PMCID: PMC10360081 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein is the general hallmark of a group of devastating neurodegenerative pathologies referred to as synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In such conditions, a range of different misfolded aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, are present both in neurons and glial cells. Growing experimental evidence supports the proposition that soluble oligomeric assemblies, formed during the early phases of the aggregation process, are the major culprits of neuronal toxicity; at the same time, fibrillar conformers appear to be the most efficient at propagating among interconnected neurons, thus contributing to the spreading of α-synuclein pathology. Moreover, α-synuclein fibrils have been recently reported to release soluble and highly toxic oligomeric species, responsible for an immediate dysfunction in the recipient neurons. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the plethora of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, both contributing to neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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26
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Peggion C, Barazzuol L, Poggio E, Calì T, Brini M. Ca 2+ signalling: A common language for organelles crosstalk in Parkinson's disease. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102783. [PMID: 37597300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms. Familial PD is linked with genetic mutations in genes whose products are either associated with mitochondrial function or endo-lysosomal pathways. Of note, mitochondria are essential to sustain high energy demanding synaptic activity of neurons and alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegenerative process, although the mechanisms responsible for the selective loss of specific neuronal populations in the different neurodegenerative diseases is still not clear. Here, we specifically discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial communication with the other organelles occurring at regions where their membranes become in close contact. We discuss the nature and the role of contact sites that mitochondria establish with ER, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, and how PD related proteins participate in the regulation/dysregulation of the tethering complexes. Unravelling molecular details of mitochondria tethering could contribute to identify specific therapeutic targets and develop new strategies to counteract the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy.
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27
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Corenblum MJ, McRobbie-Johnson A, Carruth E, Bernard K, Luo M, Mandarino LJ, Peterson S, Sans-Fuentes MA, Billheimer D, Maley T, Eggers ED, Madhavan L. Parallel neurodegenerative phenotypes in sporadic Parkinson's disease fibroblasts and midbrain dopamine neurons. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 229:102501. [PMID: 37451330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms causing Parkinson's disease (PD) is vital to the development of much needed early diagnostics and therapeutics for this debilitating condition. Here, we report cellular and molecular alterations in skin fibroblasts of late-onset sporadic PD subjects, that were recapitulated in matched induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, reprogrammed from the same fibroblasts. Specific changes in growth, morphology, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial function, and autophagy, were seen in both the PD fibroblasts and DA neurons, as compared to their respective controls. Additionally, significant alterations in alpha synuclein expression and electrical activity were also noted in the PD DA neurons. Interestingly, although the fibroblast and neuronal phenotypes were similar to each other, they differed in their nature and scale. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed potential novel associations between various clinical measures of the PD subjects and the different fibroblast and neuronal data. In essence, these findings encapsulate spontaneous, in-tandem, disease-related phenotypes in both sporadic PD fibroblasts and iPSC-based DA neurons, from the same patient, and generates an innovative model to investigate PD mechanisms with a view towards rational disease stratification and precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Corenblum
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - A McRobbie-Johnson
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - E Carruth
- Physiology Undergraduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - K Bernard
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - M Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - L J Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - S Peterson
- Statistical Consulting Lab, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - M A Sans-Fuentes
- Statistical Consulting Lab, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - D Billheimer
- Statistical Consulting Lab, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - T Maley
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - E D Eggers
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - L Madhavan
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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28
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Nechushtai L, Frenkel D, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1435. [PMID: 37892117 PMCID: PMC10604695 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating disease associated with accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) within dopaminergic neurons, leading to neuronal death. PD is characterized by both motor and non-motor clinical symptoms. Several studies indicate that autophagy, an important intracellular degradation pathway, may be involved in different neurodegenerative diseases including PD. The autophagic process mediates the degradation of protein aggregates, damaged and unneeded proteins, and organelles, allowing their clearance, and thereby maintaining cell homeostasis. Impaired autophagy may cause the accumulation of abnormal proteins. Incomplete or impaired autophagy may explain the neurotoxic accumulation of protein aggregates in several neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Indeed, studies have suggested the contribution of impaired autophagy to α-Syn accumulation, the death of dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the involvement of autophagy in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (L.N.); (D.F.)
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29
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Gao M, Xiao H, Liang Y, Cai H, Guo X, Lin J, Zhuang S, Xu J, Ye S. The Hyperproliferation Mechanism of Cholesteatoma Based on Proteomics: SNCA Promotes Autophagy-Mediated Cell Proliferation Through the PI3K/AKT/CyclinD1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100628. [PMID: 37532176 PMCID: PMC10495652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a chronic inflammatory ear disease with abnormal keratinized epithelium proliferation and tissue damage. However, the mechanism of keratinized epithelium hyperproliferation in cholesteatoma remains unknown. Hence, our study sought to shed light on mechanisms affecting the pathology and development of cholesteatoma, which could help develop adjunctive treatments. To investigate molecular changes in cholesteatoma pathogenesis, we analyzed clinical cholesteatoma specimens and paired ear canal skin with mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics. From our screen, alpha-synuclein (SNCA) was overexpressed in middle ear cholesteatoma and might be a key hub protein associated with inflammation, proliferation, and autophagy in cholesteatoma. SNCA was more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, and autophagy marker increase was accompanied by autophagy activation in middle ear cholesteatoma tissues. Overexpression of SNCA activated autophagy and promoted cell proliferation and migration, especially under lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulation. Moreover, inhibiting autophagy impaired SNCA-mediated keratinocyte proliferation and corresponded with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/CyclinD1 pathways. Also, 740Y-P, a PI3K activator reversed the suppression of autophagy and PI3K signaling by siATG5 in SNCA-overexpressing cells, which restored proliferative activity. Besides, knockdown of SNCA in RHEK-1 and HaCaT cells or knockdown of PI3K in RHEK-1 and HaCaT cells overexpressing SNCA both resulted in attenuated cell proliferation. Our studies indicated that SNCA overexpression in cholesteatoma might maintain the proliferative ability of cholesteatoma keratinocytes by promoting autophagy under inflammatory conditions. This suggests that dual inhibition of SNCA and autophagy may be a promising new target for treating cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonglan Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suling Zhuang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Shengnan Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Zhang S, Yi S, Wang L, Li S, Wang H, Song L, Ou J, Zhang M, Wang R, Wang M, Zheng Y, Yang K, Liu T, Ho MS. Cyclin-G-associated kinase GAK/dAux regulates autophagy initiation via ULK1/Atg1 in glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301002120. [PMID: 37428930 PMCID: PMC10629559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301002120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major means for the elimination of protein inclusions in neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the mechanism of autophagy in the other brain cell type, glia, is less well characterized and remains largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that the PD risk factor, Cyclin-G-associated kinase (GAK)/Drosophila homolog Auxilin (dAux), is a component in glial autophagy. The lack of GAK/dAux increases the autophagosome number and size in adult fly glia and mouse microglia, and generally up-regulates levels of components in the initiation and PI3K class III complexes. GAK/dAux interacts with the master initiation regulator UNC-51like autophagy activating kinase 1/Atg1 via its uncoating domain and regulates the trafficking of Atg1 and Atg9 to autophagosomes, hence controlling the onset of glial autophagy. On the other hand, lack of GAK/dAux impairs the autophagic flux and blocks substrate degradation, suggesting that GAK/dAux might play additional roles. Importantly, dAux contributes to PD-like symptoms including dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor function in flies. Our findings identify an autophagy factor in glia; considering the pivotal role of glia under pathological conditions, targeting glial autophagy is potentially a therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Shuanglong Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Jiayao Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yuchen Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Kai Yang
- International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai519087, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Margaret S. Ho
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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Del Vecchio M, Amado L, Cogan AP, Meert E, Rosseels J, Franssens V, Govers SK, Winderickx J, Montoro AG. Multiple tethers of organelle contact sites are involved in α-synuclein toxicity in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar84. [PMID: 37074954 PMCID: PMC10398879 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein α-synuclein (α-syn) is one of the major factors linked to Parkinson's disease, yet how its misfolding and deposition contribute to the pathology remains largely elusive. Recently, contact sites among organelles were implicated in the development of this disease. Here, we used the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which organelle contact sites have been characterized extensively, as a model to investigate their role in α-syn cytotoxicity. We observed that lack of specific tethers that anchor the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane resulted in cells with increased resistance to α-syn expression. Additionally, we found that strains lacking two dual-function proteins involved in contact sites, Mdm10 and Vps39, were resistant to the expression of α-syn. In the case of Mdm10, we found that this is related to its function in mitochondrial protein biogenesis and not to its role as a contact site tether. In contrast, both functions of Vps39, in vesicular transport and as a tether of the vacuole-mitochondria contact site, were required to support α-syn toxicity. Overall, our findings support that interorganelle communication through membrane contact sites is highly relevant for α-syn-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Del Vecchio
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Microbial Systems Cell Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lucia Amado
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexandra P. Cogan
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Els Meert
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joelle Rosseels
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sander K. Govers
- Department of Biology, Microbial Systems Cell Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ayelén González Montoro
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Cellular Communication Laboratory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Fan RZ, Sportelli C, Lai Y, Salehe S, Pinnell JR, Richardson JR, Luo S, Tieu K. A partial Drp1 knockout improves autophagy flux independent of mitochondrial function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547095. [PMID: 37425803 PMCID: PMC10327068 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is typically known for its role in mitochondrial fission. A partial inhibition of this protein has been reported to be protective in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. The protective mechanism has been attributed primarily to improved mitochondrial function. Herein, we provide evidence showing that a partial Drp1-knockout improves autophagy flux independent of mitochondria. First, we characterized in cell and animal models that at low non-toxic concentrations, manganese (Mn), which causes parkinsonian-like symptoms in humans, impaired autophagy flux but not mitochondrial function and morphology. Furthermore, nigral dopaminergic neurons were more sensitive than their neighbouring GABAergic counterparts. Second, in cells with a partial Drp1-knockdown and Drp1 +/- mice, autophagy impairment induced by Mn was significantly attenuated. This study demonstrates that autophagy is a more vulnerable target than mitochondria to Mn toxicity. Furthermore, improving autophagy flux is a separate mechanism conferred by Drp1 inhibition independent of mitochondrial fission.
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Lee J, Sung KW, Bae EJ, Yoon D, Kim D, Lee JS, Park DH, Park DY, Mun SR, Kwon SC, Kim HY, Min JO, Lee SJ, Suh YH, Kwon YT. Targeted degradation of ⍺-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson's disease using the AUTOTAC technology. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37355598 PMCID: PMC10290391 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no disease-modifying therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although extensive efforts were undertaken to develop therapeutic approaches to delay the symptoms of PD, untreated α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates cause cellular toxicity and stimulate further disease progression. PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera) has drawn attention as a therapeutic modality to target α-syn. However, no PROTACs have yet shown to selectively degrade α-syn aggregates mainly owing to the limited capacity of the proteasome to degrade aggregates, necessitating the development of novel approaches to fundamentally eliminate α-syn aggregates. METHODS We employed AUTOTAC (Autophagy-Targeting Chimera), a macroautophagy-based targeted protein degradation (TPD) platform developed in our earlier studies. A series of AUTOTAC chemicals was synthesized as chimeras that bind both α-syn aggregates and p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1, an autophagic receptor. The efficacy of Autotacs was evaluated to target α-syn aggregates to phagophores and subsequently lysosomes for hydrolysis via p62-dependent macroautophagy. The target engagement was monitored by oligomerization and localization of p62 and autophagic markers. The therapeutic efficacy to rescue PD symptoms was characterized in cultured cells and mice. The PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics) profiles were investigated to develop an oral drug for PD. RESULTS ATC161 induced selective degradation of α-syn aggregates at DC50 of ~ 100 nM. No apparent degradation was observed with monomeric α-syn. ATC161 mediated the targeting of α-syn aggregates to p62 by binding the ZZ domain and accelerating p62 self-polymerization. These p62-cargo complexes were delivered to autophagic membranes for lysosomal degradation. In PD cellular models, ATC161 exhibited therapeutic efficacy to reduce cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn and to rescue cells from the damages in DNA and mitochondria. In PD mice established by injecting α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into brain striata via stereotaxic surgery, oral administration of ATC161 at 10 mg/kg induced the degradation of α-syn aggregates and reduced their propagation. ATC161 also mitigated the associated glial inflammatory response and improved muscle strength and locomotive activity. CONCLUSION AUTOTAC provides a platform to develop drugs for PD. ATC161, an oral drug with excellent PK/PD profiles, induces selective degradation of α-syn aggregates in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that ATC161 is a disease-modifying drug that degrades the pathogenic cause of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Lee
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Yoon
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasarang Kim
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Saem Lee
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Youngjae Park
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ok Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04796, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Liu S, Xu S, Liu S, Chen H. Importance of DJ-1 in autophagy regulation and disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109672. [PMID: 37336341 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved biological process that has evolved across evolution. It can be activated by various external stimuli including oxidative stress, amino acid starvation, infection, and hypoxia. Autophagy is the primary mechanism for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, tolerance to starvation conditions, and resistance to aging. As a multifunctional protein, DJ-1 is commonly expressed in vivo and is associated with a variety of biological processes. Its most widely studied role is its function as an oxidative stress sensor that inhibits the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria and subsequently the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In recent years, many studies have identified DJ-1 as another important factor regulating autophagy; it regulates autophagy in various ways, most commonly by regulating the oxidative stress response. In particular, DJ-1-regulated autophagy is involved in cancer progression and plays a key role in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases(NDS) and defective reperfusion diseases. It could serve as a potential target for the regulation of autophagy and participate in disease treatment as a meaningful modality. Therefore, exploring DJ-1-regulated autophagy could provide new avenues for future disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Heping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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35
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Amireddy N, Dulam V, Kaul S, Pakkiri R, Kalivendi SV. The mitochondrial uncoupling effects of nitazoxanide enhances cellular autophagy and promotes the clearance of α-synuclein: Potential role of AMPK-JNK pathway. Cell Signal 2023:110769. [PMID: 37315747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation and aggregation of the pre-synaptic protein, α-synuclein plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and mitochondrial dysfunction was surmised to be an upstream event in the disease pathogenesis. Emerging reports identified the role of nitazoxanide (NTZ), an anti-helminth drug, in enhancing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and autophagy. In the present study, we have examined the mitochondrial effects of NTZ in mediating cellular autophagy and subsequent clearance of both endogenous and pre-formed aggregates of α-synuclein in cellular model of PD. Our results demonstrate that the mitochondrial uncoupling effects of NTZ results in the activation of AMPK and JNK, which in-turn leads to the enhancement of cellular autophagy. Also,1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) mediated decrease in autophagic flux with a concomitant increase in the α-synuclein levels were ameliorated in cells treated with NTZ. However, in cells lacking functional mitochondria (ρ0 cells), NTZ did not mitigate MPP+ mediated alterations in the autophagic clearance of α-synuclein, indicating that the mitochondrial effects of NTZ play a crucial role in the clearance of α-synuclein by autophagy. Also, the ability of AMPK inhibitor, compound C, in abrogating NTZ mediated enhancement in the autophagic flux and α-synuclein clearance highlight the pivotal role of AMPK in NTZ mediated autophagy. Further, NTZ per se enhanced the clearance of preformed α-synuclein aggregates that were exogenously added to the cells. Overall, the results of our present study suggest that NTZ activates macroautophagy in cells due to its uncoupling effects on mitochondrial respiration via activation of AMPK-JNK pathway resulting in the clearance of both endogenous and pre-formed α-synuclein aggregates. As NTZ happens to possess good bioavailability and safety profile, considering this drug for PD based on its mitochondrial uncoupling and autophagy enhancing properties for mitigating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and α-synuclein toxicity appears to be a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Amireddy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vandana Dulam
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shweta Kaul
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajeswari Pakkiri
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shasi V Kalivendi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Carceles-Cordon M, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin AS. Cognitive heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease: A mechanistic view. Neuron 2023; 111:1531-1546. [PMID: 37028431 PMCID: PMC10198897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment occurs in most individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), exacting a high toll on patients, their caregivers, and the healthcare system. In this review, we begin by summarizing the current clinical landscape surrounding cognition in PD. We then discuss how cognitive impairment and dementia may develop in PD based on the spread of the pathological protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) from neurons in brainstem regions to those in the cortical regions of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, as first proposed in the Braak hypothesis. We appraise the Braak hypothesis from molecular (conformations of aSyn), cell biological (cell-to-cell spread of pathological aSyn), and organ-level (region-to-region spread of aSyn pathology at the whole brain level) viewpoints. Finally, we argue that individual host factors may be the most poorly understood aspect of this pathological process, accounting for substantial heterogeneity in the pattern and pace of cognitive decline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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38
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Herrera A, Packer MM, Rosas-Lemus M, Minasov G, Brummel JH, Satchell KJF. Vibrio MARTX toxin processing and degradation of cellular Rab GTPases by the cytotoxic effector Makes Caterpillars Floppy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537381. [PMID: 37131655 PMCID: PMC10153396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus causes life threatening infections dependent upon the effectors released from the Multifunctional-Autoprocessing Repeats-In-Toxin (MARTX) toxin. The Makes Caterpillars Floppy-like (MCF) cysteine protease effector is activated by host ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs), although the targets of processing activity were unknown. In this study we show MCF binds Ras-related proteins in brain (Rab) GTPases at the same interface occupied by ARFs and then cleaves and/or degrades 24 distinct members of the Rab GTPases family. The cleavage occurs in the C-terminal tails of Rabs. We determine the crystal structure of MCF as a swapped dimer revealing the open, activated state of MCF and then use structure prediction algorithms to show that structural composition, rather than sequence or localization, determine Rabs selected as MCF proteolytic targets. Once cleaved, Rabs become dispersed in cells to drive organelle damage and cell death to promote pathogenesis of these rapidly fatal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfa Herrera
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan M. Packer
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica Rosas-Lemus
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John H. Brummel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- SickKids IBD Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karla J. F. Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Themistokleous C, Bagnoli E, Parulekar R, M K Muqit M. Role of autophagy pathway in Parkinson's disease and related Genetic Neurological disorders. J Mol Biol 2023:168144. [PMID: 37182812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided unprecedented understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying Parkinson's disease (PD). We provide a comprehensive overview of the general importance of autophagy in Parkinson's disease and related disorders of the central nervous system. This reveals a critical link between autophagy and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests that strategies to modulate mitophagy may have greater relevance in the CNS beyond PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Themistokleous
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ramaa Parulekar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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40
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Gyurkovska V, Murtazina R, Zhao SF, Shikano S, Okamoto Y, Segev N. Dual function of Rab1A in secretion and autophagy: hypervariable domain dependence. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201810. [PMID: 36781179 PMCID: PMC9939007 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We currently understand how the different intracellular pathways, secretion, endocytosis, and autophagy are regulated by small GTPases. In contrast, it is unclear how these pathways are coordinated to ensure efficient cellular response to stress. Rab GTPases localize to specific organelles through their hypervariable domain (HVD) to regulate discrete steps of individual pathways. Here, we explored the dual role of Rab1A/B (92% identity) in secretion and autophagy. We show that although either Rab1A or Rab1B is required for secretion, Rab1A, but not Rab1B, localizes to autophagosomes and is required early in stress-induced autophagy. Moreover, replacing the HVD of Rab1B with that of Rab1A enables Rab1B to localize to autophagosomes and regulate autophagy. Therefore, Rab1A-HVD is required for the dual functionality of a single Rab in two different pathways: secretion and autophagy. In addition to this mechanistic insight, these findings are relevant to human health because both the pathways and Rab1A/B were implicated in diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Gyurkovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah F Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sojin Shikano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yukari Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nava Segev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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41
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Mitra S, Munni YA, Dash R, Sadhu T, Barua L, Islam MA, Chowdhury D, Bhattacharjee D, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040957. [PMID: 37109487 PMCID: PMC10144697 DOI: 10.3390/life13040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the brain are related via a complex bidirectional interconnective network. Thus, intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for the brain, as it can control the environment of the central nervous system and play a significant role in disease progression. The link between neuropsychological behavior or neurodegeneration and gut dysbiosis is well established, but many involved pathways remain unknown. Accumulating studies showed that metabolites derived from gut microbiota are involved in the autophagy activation of various organs, including the brain, one of the major pathways of the protein clearance system that is essential for protein aggregate clearance. On the other hand, some metabolites are evidenced to disrupt the autophagy process, which can be a modulator of neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanism of autophagy regulation by gut microbiota remains elusive, and little research only focused on that. Here we tried to evaluate the crosstalk between gut microbiota metabolites and impaired autophagy of the central nervous system in neurodegeneration and the key to future research regarding gut dysbiosis and compromised autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Toma Sadhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Largess Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Dipannita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Debpriya Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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Pitcairn C, Murata N, Zalon AJ, Stojkovska I, Mazzulli JR. Impaired Autophagic-Lysosomal Fusion in Parkinson's Patient Midbrain Neurons Occurs through Loss of ykt6 and Is Rescued by Farnesyltransferase Inhibition. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2615-2629. [PMID: 36788031 PMCID: PMC10082462 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0610-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a catabolic process that coordinates with lysosomes to degrade aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles. Loss of macroautophagy preferentially affects neuron viability and is associated with age-related neurodegeneration. We previously found that α-synuclein (α-syn) inhibits lysosomal function by blocking ykt6, a farnesyl-regulated soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein that is essential for hydrolase trafficking in midbrain neurons. Using Parkinson's disease (PD) patient iPSC-derived midbrain cultures, we find that chronic, endogenous accumulation of α-syn directly inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion by impairing ykt6-SNAP-29 complexes. In wild-type (WT) cultures, ykt6 depletion caused a near-complete block of autophagic flux, highlighting its critical role for autophagy in human iPSC-derived neurons. In PD, macroautophagy impairment was associated with increased farnesyltransferase (FTase) activity, and FTase inhibitors restored macroautophagic flux through promoting active forms of ykt6 in human cultures, and male and female mice. Our findings indicate that ykt6 mediates cellular clearance by coordinating autophagic-lysosomal fusion and hydrolase trafficking, and that macroautophagy impairment in PD can be rescued by FTase inhibitors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to the death of neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) are currently unknown. Furthermore, disease modifying treatments for these diseases do not exist. Our study indicates that a cellular clearance pathway termed autophagy is impaired in patient-derived culture models of PD and in vivo We identified a novel druggable target, a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein called ykt6, that rescues autophagy in vitro and in vivo upon blocking its farnesylation. Our work suggests that farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors may be useful therapies for PD and DLB through enhancing autophagic-lysosomal clearance of aggregated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Naomi Murata
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Iva Stojkovska
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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43
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Jasutkar HG, Yamamoto A. Autophagy at the synapse, an early site of dysfunction in neurodegeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 32:100631. [PMID: 36968133 PMCID: PMC10035630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, herein referred to as autophagy, has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, an incomplete understanding of how autophagy contributes to disease pathogenesis has limited progress in acting on this potential target for the development of disease modifying therapeutics. Research in the past few decades has revealed that autophagy plays a specialized role in the synapse, a site of early dysfunction in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we discuss the evidence suggesting that inadequate autophagy at the synapse may contribute to neurodegeneration, and why the functions of autophagy may be particularly relevant for synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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44
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Taban Akça K, Çınar Ayan İ, Çetinkaya S, Miser Salihoğlu E, Süntar İ. Autophagic mechanisms in longevity intervention: role of natural active compounds. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e13. [PMID: 36994671 PMCID: PMC10407225 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The term 'autophagy' literally translates to 'self-eating' and alterations to autophagy have been identified as one of the several molecular changes that occur with aging in a variety of species. Autophagy and aging, have a complicated and multifaceted relationship that has recently come to light thanks to breakthroughs in our understanding of the various substrates of autophagy on tissue homoeostasis. Several studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between autophagy and age-related diseases. The present review looks at a few new aspects of autophagy and speculates on how they might be connected to both aging and the onset and progression of disease. Additionally, we go over the most recent preclinical data supporting the use of autophagy modulators as age-related illnesses including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic dysfunction. It is crucial to discover important targets in the autophagy pathway in order to create innovative therapies that effectively target autophagy. Natural products have pharmacological properties that can be therapeutically advantageous for the treatment of several diseases and they also serve as valuable sources of inspiration for the development of possible new small-molecule drugs. Indeed, recent scientific studies have shown that several natural products including alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics, have the ability to alter a number of important autophagic signalling pathways and exert therapeutic effects, thus, a wide range of potential targets in various stages of autophagy have been discovered. In this review, we summarised the naturally occurring active compounds that may control the autophagic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Taban Akça
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İlknur Çınar Ayan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sümeyra Çetinkaya
- Biotechnology Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ece Miser Salihoğlu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İpek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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45
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Tryphena KP, Singh G, Jain N, Famta P, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Integration of miRNA's Theranostic Potential with Nanotechnology: Promises and Challenges for Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111800. [PMID: 36958539 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide research going on in Parkinson's disease (PD), the burden of PD still remains high and continues to increase. The current drugs available for the treatment of PD are only aimed at symptomatic control. Hence, research is mainly focused on identifying the novel therapeutic targets that can be effectively targeted in order to slow down or culminate the disease progression. Recently the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of various pathological mechanisms of PD has been thoroughly explored and many of them were found to be dysregulated in the biological samples of PD patients. These miRNAs can be used as diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic options to manage PD. The delivery of miRNAs to the target site in brain is a challenging job owing to their nature of degradability by endonucleases as well as poor blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Nanoparticles appear to be the best solution to effectively encase the miRNA in their core as well as cross the BBB to deliver them into brain. Functionalisation of these nanoparticles further enhances the site-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Naitik Jain
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad.
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46
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Diab R, Pilotto F, Saxena S. Autophagy and neurodegeneration: Unraveling the role of C9ORF72 in the regulation of autophagy and its relationship to ALS-FTD pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1086895. [PMID: 37006471 PMCID: PMC10060823 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1086895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the cell clearance machinery is critical for neuronal health within the central nervous system (CNS). In normal physiological conditions, the cell clearance machinery is actively involved in the elimination of misfolded and toxic proteins throughout the lifetime of an organism. The highly conserved and regulated pathway of autophagy is one of the important processes involved in preventing and neutralizing pathogenic buildup of toxic proteins that could eventually lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a hexanucleotide expansion consisting of GGGGCC (G4C2) repeats in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 gene (C9ORF72). These abnormally expanded repeats have been implicated in leading to three main modes of disease pathology: loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein, the generation of RNA foci, and the production of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). In this review, we discuss the normal physiological role of C9ORF72 in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), and present recent research deciphering how dysfunction of the ALP synergizes with C9ORF72 haploinsufficiency, which together with the gain of toxic mechanisms involving hexanucleotide repeat expansions and DPRs, drive the disease process. This review delves further into the interactions of C9ORF72 with RAB proteins involved in endosomal/lysosomal trafficking, and their role in regulating various steps in autophagy and lysosomal pathways. Lastly, the review aims to provide a framework for further investigations of neuronal autophagy in C9ORF72-linked ALS-FTD as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Diab
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federica Pilotto
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Smita Saxena,
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47
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Vargas JNS, Hamasaki M, Kawabata T, Youle RJ, Yoshimori T. The mechanisms and roles of selective autophagy in mammals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:167-185. [PMID: 36302887 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that targets various intracellular elements for degradation. Autophagy can be non-selective - associated with the indiscriminate engulfment of cytosolic components - occurring in response to nutrient starvation and is commonly referred to as bulk autophagy. By contrast, selective autophagy degrades specific targets, such as damaged organelles (mitophagy, lysophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy), aggregated proteins (aggrephagy) or invading bacteria (xenophagy), thereby being importantly involved in cellular quality control. Hence, not surprisingly, aberrant selective autophagy has been associated with various human pathologies, prominently including neurodegeneration and infection. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding mechanisms governing selective cargo engulfment in mammals, including the identification of ubiquitin-dependent selective autophagy receptors such as p62, NBR1, OPTN and NDP52, which can bind cargo and ubiquitin simultaneously to initiate pathways leading to autophagy initiation and membrane recruitment. This progress opens the prospects for enhancing selective autophagy pathways to boost cellular quality control capabilities and alleviate pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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48
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Lin S, Leitão ADG, Fang S, Gu Y, Barber S, Gilliard-Telefoni R, Castro A, Sung K, Shen R, Florio JB, Mante ML, Ding J, Spencer B, Masliah E, Rissman RA, Wu C. Overexpression of alpha synuclein disrupts APP and Endolysosomal axonal trafficking in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106010. [PMID: 36702318 PMCID: PMC10754494 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations or triplication of the alpha synuclein (ASYN) gene contribute to synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Recent evidence suggests that ASYN also plays an important role in amyloid-induced neurotoxicity, although the mechanism(s) remains unknown. One hypothesis is that accumulation of ASYN alters endolysosomal pathways to impact axonal trafficking and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). To define an axonal function for ASYN, we used a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy that expresses a GFP-human ASYN (GFP-hASYN) transgene and an ASYN knockout (ASYN-/-) mouse model. Our results demonstrate that expression of GFP-hASYN in primary neurons derived from a transgenic mouse impaired axonal trafficking and processing of APP. In addition, axonal transport of BACE1, Rab5, Rab7, lysosomes and mitochondria were also reduced in these neurons. Interestingly, axonal transport of these organelles was also affected in ASYN-/- neurons, suggesting that ASYN plays an important role in maintaining normal axonal transport function. Therefore, selective impairment of trafficking and processing of APP by ASYN may act as a potential mechanism to induce pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Lin
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - André D G Leitão
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Savannah Fang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingli Gu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Barber
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Castro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kijung Sung
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruinan Shen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jazmin B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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49
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Corenblum MJ, McRobbie-Johnson A, Carruth E, Bernard K, Luo M, Mandarino LJ, Peterson S, Billheimer D, Maley T, Eggers ED, Madhavan L. Parallel Neurodegenerative Phenotypes in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Fibroblasts and Midbrain Dopamine Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.527867. [PMID: 36798207 PMCID: PMC9934693 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.527867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms causing Parkinson's disease (PD) is vital to the development of much needed early diagnostics and therapeutics for this debilitating condition. Here, we report cellular and molecular alterations in skin fibroblasts of late-onset sporadic PD subjects, that were recapitulated in matched induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, reprogrammed from the same fibroblasts. Specific changes in growth, morphology, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial function, and autophagy, were seen in both the PD fibroblasts and DA neurons, as compared to their respective controls. Additionally, significant alterations in alpha synuclein expression and electrical activity were also noted in the PD DA neurons. Interestingly, although the fibroblast and neuronal phenotypes were similar to each other, they also differed in their nature and scale. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed novel associations between various clinical measures of the PD subjects and the different fibroblast and neuronal data. In essence, these findings encapsulate spontaneous, in-tandem, disease-related phenotypes in both sporadic PD fibroblasts and iPSC-based DA neurons, from the same patient, and generates an innovative model to investigate PD mechanisms with a view towards rational disease stratification and precision treatments.
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50
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Vos M, Klein C, Hicks AA. Role of Ceramides and Sphingolipids in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023:168000. [PMID: 36764358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, including the basic ceramide, are a subset of bioactive lipids that consist of many different species. Sphingolipids are indispensable for proper neuronal function, and an increasing number of studies have emerged on the complexity and importance of these lipids in (almost) all biological processes. These include regulation of mitochondrial function, autophagy, and endosomal trafficking, which are affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Currently, PD cannot be cured due to the lack of knowledge of the exact pathogenesis. Nonetheless, important advances have identified molecular changes in mitochondrial function, autophagy, and endosomal function. Furthermore, recent studies have identified ceramide alterations in patients suffering from PD, and in PD models, suggesting a critical interaction between sphingolipids and related cellular processes in PD. For instance, autosomal recessive forms of PD cause mitochondrial dysfunction, including energy production or mitochondrial clearance, that is directly influenced by manipulating sphingolipids. Additionally, endo-lysosomal recycling is affected by genes that cause autosomal dominant forms of the disease, such as VPS35 and SNCA. Furthermore, endo-lysosomal recycling is crucial for transporting sphingolipids to different cellular compartments where they will execute their functions. This review will discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and abnormal endosomal activity in PD and the role sphingolipids play in these vital molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany), Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. https://twitter.com/andrewhicks
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