1
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Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Doobin DJ, Helmer P, Carabalona A, Bertipaglia C, Vallee RB. The Role of Nde1 phosphorylation in interkinetic nuclear migration and neural migration during cortical development. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar129. [PMID: 39167527 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-05-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nde1 is a cytoplasmic dynein regulatory protein with important roles in vertebrate brain development. One noteworthy function is in the nuclear oscillatory behavior in neural progenitor cells, the control and mechanism of which remain poorly understood. Nde1 contains multiple phosphorylation sites for the cell cycle-dependent protein kinase CDK1, though the function of these sites is not well understood. To test their role in brain development, we expressed phosphorylation-state mutant forms of Nde1 in embryonic rat brains using in utero electroporation. We find that Nde1 T215 and T243 phosphomutants block apical interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and, consequently, mitosis in radial glial progenitor cells. Another Nde1 phosphomutant at T246 also interfered with mitotic entry without affecting INM, suggesting a more direct role for Nde1 T246 in mitotic regulation. We also found that the Nde1 S214F mutation, which is associated with schizophrenia, inhibits Cdk5 phosphorylation at an adjacent residue which causes alterations in neuronal lamination. These results together identify important new roles for Nde1 phosphorylation in neocortical development and disease, and represent the first evidence for Nde1 phosphorylation roles in INM and neuronal lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paige Helmer
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Aurelie Carabalona
- Institute of Mediterranean Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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3
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Lima JT, Pereira AJ, Ferreira JG. The LINC complex ensures accurate centrosome positioning during prophase. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302404. [PMID: 38228373 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate centrosome separation and positioning during early mitosis relies on force-generating mechanisms regulated by a combination of extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear cues. The identity of the nuclear cues involved in this process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how the prophase nucleus contributes to centrosome positioning during the initial stages of mitosis, using a combination of cell micropatterning, high-resolution live-cell imaging, and quantitative 3D cellular reconstruction. We show that in untransformed RPE-1 cells, centrosome positioning is regulated by a nuclear signal, independently of external cues. This nuclear mechanism relies on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex that controls the timely loading of dynein on the nuclear envelope (NE), providing spatial cues for robust centrosome positioning on the shortest nuclear axis, before nuclear envelope permeabilization. Our results demonstrate how nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling maintains a robust centrosome positioning mechanism to ensure efficient mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Hannaford MR, Rusan NM. Positioning centrioles and centrosomes. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311140. [PMID: 38512059 PMCID: PMC10959756 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the primary microtubule organizer in eukaryotic cells. In addition to shaping the intracellular microtubule network and the mitotic spindle, centrosomes are responsible for positioning cilia and flagella. To fulfill these diverse functions, centrosomes must be properly located within cells, which requires that they undergo intracellular transport. Importantly, centrosome mispositioning has been linked to ciliopathies, cancer, and infertility. The mechanisms by which centrosomes migrate are diverse and context dependent. In many cells, centrosomes move via indirect motor transport, whereby centrosomal microtubules engage anchored motor proteins that exert forces on those microtubules, resulting in centrosome movement. However, in some cases, centrosomes move via direct motor transport, whereby the centrosome or centriole functions as cargo that directly binds molecular motors which then walk on stationary microtubules. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of centrosome motility and the consequences of centrosome mispositioning and identify key questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hannaford
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Wang Y, Risteski P, Yang Y, Chen H, Droby G, Walens A, Jayaprakash D, Troester M, Herring L, Chernoff J, Tolić I, Bowser J, Vaziri C. The TRIM69-MST2 signaling axis regulates centrosome dynamics and chromosome segregation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10568-10589. [PMID: 37739411 PMCID: PMC10602929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringent control of centrosome duplication and separation is important for preventing chromosome instability. Structural and numerical alterations in centrosomes are hallmarks of neoplastic cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. We show that a Centrosome Amplification 20 (CA20) gene signature is associated with high expression of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family member E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM69. TRIM69-ablation in cancer cells leads to centrosome scattering and chromosome segregation defects. We identify Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (MST2) as a new direct binding partner of TRIM69. TRIM69 redistributes MST2 to the perinuclear cytoskeleton, promotes its association with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and stimulates MST2 phosphorylation at S15 (a known PLK1 phosphorylation site that is critical for centrosome disjunction). TRIM69 also promotes microtubule bundling and centrosome segregation that requires PRC1 and DYNEIN. Taken together, we identify TRIM69 as a new proximal regulator of distinct signaling pathways that regulate centrosome dynamics and promote bipolar mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gaith Droby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepika Jayaprakash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adam’s School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jessica Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Gibson JM, Zhao X, Ali MY, Solmaz SR, Wang C. A Structural Model for the Core Nup358-BicD2 Interface. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1445. [PMID: 37892127 PMCID: PMC10604712 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein motors facilitate the majority of minus-end-directed transport events on microtubules. The dynein adaptor Bicaudal D2 (BicD2) recruits the dynein machinery to several cellular cargo for transport, including Nup358, which facilitates a nuclear positioning pathway that is essential for the differentiation of distinct brain progenitor cells. Previously, we showed that Nup358 forms a "cargo recognition α-helix" upon binding to BicD2; however, the specifics of the BicD2-Nup358 interface are still not well understood. Here, we used AlphaFold2, complemented by two additional docking programs (HADDOCK and ClusPro) as well as mutagenesis, to show that the Nup358 cargo-recognition α-helix binds to BicD2 between residues 747 and 774 in an anti-parallel manner, forming a helical bundle. We identified two intermolecular salt bridges that are important to stabilize the interface. In addition, we uncovered a secondary interface mediated by an intrinsically disordered region of Nup358 that is directly N-terminal to the cargo-recognition α-helix and binds to BicD2 between residues 774 and 800. This is the same BicD2 domain that binds to the competing cargo adapter Rab6, which is important for the transport of Golgi-derived and secretory vesicles. Our results establish a structural basis for cargo recognition and selection by the dynein adapter BicD2, which facilitates transport pathways that are important for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - M. Yusuf Ali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Sozanne R. Solmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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7
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Theile L, Li X, Dang H, Mersch D, Anders S, Schiebel E. Centrosome linker diversity and its function in centrosome clustering and mitotic spindle formation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109738. [PMID: 37401899 PMCID: PMC10476278 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome linker joins the two interphase centrosomes of a cell into one microtubule organizing center. Despite increasing knowledge on linker components, linker diversity in different cell types and their role in cells with supernumerary centrosomes remained unexplored. Here, we identified Ninein as a C-Nap1-anchored centrosome linker component that provides linker function in RPE1 cells while in HCT116 and U2OS cells, Ninein and Rootletin link centrosomes together. In interphase, overamplified centrosomes use the linker for centrosome clustering, where Rootletin gains centrosome linker function in RPE1 cells. Surprisingly, in cells with centrosome overamplification, C-Nap1 loss prolongs metaphase through persistent activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint indicated by BUB1 and MAD1 accumulation at kinetochores. In cells lacking C-Nap1, the reduction of microtubule nucleation at centrosomes and the delay in nuclear envelop rupture in prophase probably cause mitotic defects like multipolar spindle formation and chromosome mis-segregation. These defects are enhanced when the kinesin HSET, which normally clusters multiple centrosomes in mitosis, is partially inhibited indicating a functional interplay between C-Nap1 and centrosome clustering in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Theile
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS)Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory for Cell Polarity RegulationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Simon Anders
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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8
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de Oya IG, Manzano-López J, Álvarez-Llamas A, Vázquez-Aroca MDLP, Cepeda-García C, Monje-Casas F. Characterization of a novel interaction of the Nup159 nucleoporin with asymmetrically localized spindle pole body proteins and its link with autophagy. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002224. [PMID: 37535687 PMCID: PMC10437821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the spindle microtubule-organizing centers and the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are convoluted structures where many signaling pathways converge to coordinate key events during cell division. Interestingly, despite their distinct molecular conformation and overall functions, these structures share common components and collaborate in the regulation of essential processes. We have established a new link between microtubule-organizing centers and nuclear pores in budding yeast by unveiling an interaction between the Bfa1/Bub2 complex, a mitotic exit inhibitor that localizes on the spindle pole bodies, and the Nup159 nucleoporin. Bfa1/Bub2 association with Nup159 is reduced in metaphase to not interfere with proper spindle positioning. However, their interaction is stimulated in anaphase and assists the Nup159-dependent autophagy pathway. The asymmetric localization of Bfa1/Bub2 during mitosis raises the possibility that its interaction with Nup159 could differentially promote Nup159-mediated autophagic processes, which might be relevant for the maintenance of the replicative lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés García de Oya
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Manzano-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandra Álvarez-Llamas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María de la Paz Vázquez-Aroca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Cepeda-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Monje-Casas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Li P, Messina G, Lehner CF. Nuclear elongation during spermiogenesis depends on physical linkage of nuclear pore complexes to bundled microtubules by Drosophila Mst27D. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010837. [PMID: 37428798 PMCID: PMC10359004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa in animal species are usually highly elongated cells with a long motile tail attached to a head that contains the haploid genome in a compact and often elongated nucleus. In Drosophila melanogaster, the nucleus is compacted two hundred-fold in volume during spermiogenesis and re-modeled into a needle that is thirty-fold longer than its diameter. Nuclear elongation is preceded by a striking relocalization of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). While NPCs are initially located throughout the nuclear envelope (NE) around the spherical nucleus of early round spermatids, they are later confined to one hemisphere. In the cytoplasm adjacent to this NPC-containing NE, the so-called dense complex with a strong bundle of microtubules is assembled. While this conspicuous proximity argued for functional significance of NPC-NE and microtubule bundle, experimental confirmation of their contributions to nuclear elongation has not yet been reported. Our functional characterization of the spermatid specific Mst27D protein now resolves this deficit. We demonstrate that Mst27D establishes physical linkage between NPC-NE and dense complex. The C-terminal region of Mst27D binds to the nuclear pore protein Nup358. The N-terminal CH domain of Mst27D, which is similar to that of EB1 family proteins, binds to microtubules. At high expression levels, Mst27D promotes bundling of microtubules in cultured cells. Microscopic analyses indicated co-localization of Mst27D with Nup358 and with the microtubule bundles of the dense complex. Time-lapse imaging revealed that nuclear elongation is accompanied by a progressive bundling of microtubules into a single elongated bundle. In Mst27D null mutants, this bundling process does not occur and nuclear elongation is abnormal. Thus, we propose that Mst27D permits normal nuclear elongation by promoting the attachment of the NPC-NE to the microtubules of the dense complex, as well as the progressive bundling of these microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian F Lehner
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Garrott SR, Gillies JP, Siva A, Little SR, El Jbeily R, DeSantis ME. Ndel1 disfavors dynein-dynactin-adaptor complex formation in two distinct ways. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104735. [PMID: 37086789 PMCID: PMC10248797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein is the primary minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein. To achieve activation, dynein binds to the dynactin complex and an adaptor to form the "activated dynein complex." The protein Lis1 aids activation by binding to dynein and promoting its association with dynactin and the adaptor. Ndel1 and its paralog Nde1 are dynein- and Lis1-binding proteins that help control dynein localization within the cell. Cell-based assays suggest that Ndel1-Nde1 also work with Lis1 to promote dynein activation, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Using purified proteins and quantitative binding assays, here we found that the C-terminal region of Ndel1 contributes to dynein binding and negatively regulates binding to Lis1. Using single-molecule imaging and protein biochemistry, we observed that Ndel1 inhibits dynein activation in two distinct ways. First, Ndel1 disfavors the formation of the activated dynein complex. We found that phosphomimetic mutations in the C-terminal domain of Ndel1 increase its ability to inhibit dynein-dynactin-adaptor complex formation. Second, we observed that Ndel1 interacts with dynein and Lis1 simultaneously and sequesters Lis1 away from its dynein-binding site. In doing this, Ndel1 prevents Lis1-mediated dynein activation. Together, our work suggests that in vitro, Ndel1 is a negative regulator of dynein activation, which contrasts with cellular studies where Ndel1 promotes dynein activity. To reconcile our findings with previous work, we posit that Ndel1 functions to scaffold dynein and Lis1 together while keeping dynein in an inhibited state. We speculate that Ndel1 release can be triggered in cellular settings to allow for timed dynein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Garrott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aravintha Siva
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Saffron R Little
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rita El Jbeily
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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11
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Wimmer R, Baffet AD. The microtubule cytoskeleton of radial glial progenitor cells. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102709. [PMID: 37003105 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
A high number of genetic mutations associated with cortical malformations are found in genes coding for microtubule-related factors. This has stimulated research to understand how the various microtubule-based processes are regulated to build a functional cerebral cortex. Here, we focus our review on the radial glial progenitor cells, the stem cells of the developing neocortex, summarizing research mostly performed in rodents and humans. We highlight how the centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubule networks are organized during interphase to support polarized transport and proper attachment of the apical and basal processes. We describe the molecular mechanism for interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), a microtubule-dependent oscillation of the nucleus. Finally, we describe how the mitotic spindle is built to ensure proper chromosome segregation, with a strong focus on factors mutated in microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Wimmer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France. https://twitter.com/RyWim
| | - Alexandre D Baffet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), France.
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12
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Mitic K, Meyer I, Gräf R, Grafe M. Temporal Changes in Nuclear Envelope Permeability during Semi-Closed Mitosis in Dictyostelium Amoebae. Cells 2023; 12:1380. [PMID: 37408214 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum exhibits a semi-closed mitosis in which the nuclear membranes remain intact but become permeabilized to allow tubulin and spindle assembly factors to access the nuclear interior. Previous work indicated that this is accomplished at least by partial disassembly of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Further contributions by the insertion process of the duplicating, formerly cytosolic, centrosome into the nuclear envelope and nuclear envelope fenestrations forming around the central spindle during karyokinesis were discussed. We studied the behavior of several Dictyostelium nuclear envelope, centrosomal, and nuclear pore complex (NPC) components tagged with fluorescence markers together with a nuclear permeabilization marker (NLS-TdTomato) by live-cell imaging. We could show that permeabilization of the nuclear envelope during mitosis occurs in synchrony with centrosome insertion into the nuclear envelope and partial disassembly of nuclear pore complexes. Furthermore, centrosome duplication takes place after its insertion into the nuclear envelope and after initiation of permeabilization. Restoration of nuclear envelope integrity usually occurs long after re-assembly of NPCs and cytokinesis has taken place and is accompanied by a concentration of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) components at both sites of nuclear envelope fenestration (centrosome and central spindle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mitic
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Irene Meyer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marianne Grafe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Gallisà-Suñé N, Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa P, Zimmermann F, Serna M, Regué L, Paz J, Llorca O, Lüders J, Roig J. BICD2 phosphorylation regulates dynein function and centrosome separation in G2 and M. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2434. [PMID: 37105961 PMCID: PMC10140047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of dynein is regulated by a number of adaptors that mediate its interaction with dynactin, effectively activating the motor complex while also connecting it to different cargos. The regulation of adaptors is consequently central to dynein physiology but remains largely unexplored. We now describe that one of the best-known dynein adaptors, BICD2, is effectively activated through phosphorylation. In G2, phosphorylation of BICD2 by CDK1 promotes its interaction with PLK1. In turn, PLK1 phosphorylation of a single residue in the N-terminus of BICD2 results in a structural change that facilitates the interaction with dynein and dynactin, allowing the formation of active motor complexes. Moreover, modified BICD2 preferentially interacts with the nucleoporin RanBP2 once RanBP2 has been phosphorylated by CDK1. BICD2 phosphorylation is central for dynein recruitment to the nuclear envelope, centrosome tethering to the nucleus and centrosome separation in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. This work reveals adaptor activation through phosphorylation as crucial for the spatiotemporal regulation of dynein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gallisà-Suñé
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Aging and Metabolism Programme, IRB Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Zimmermann
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Serna
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Regué
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Paz
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Roig
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Romero DM, Zaidi D, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Maillard C, Grannec G, Selloum M, Birling MC, Bahi-Buisson N, Francis F. A human dynein heavy chain mutation impacts cortical progenitor cells causing developmental defects, reduced brain size and altered brain architecture. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106085. [PMID: 36933672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) mutations can either lead to severe cerebral cortical malformations, or alternatively may be associated with the development of spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMA-LED). To assess the origin of such differences, we studied a new Dync1h1 knock-in mouse carrying the cortical malformation p.Lys3334Asn mutation. Comparing with an existing neurodegenerative Dync1h1 mutant (Legs at odd angles, Loa, +/p.Phe580Tyr), we assessed Dync1h1's roles in cortical progenitor and especially radial glia functions during embryogenesis, and assessed neuronal differentiation. p.Lys3334Asn /+ mice exhibit reduced brain and body size. Embryonic brains show increased and disorganized radial glia: interkinetic nuclear migration occurs in mutants, however there are increased basally positioned cells and abventricular mitoses. The ventricular boundary is disorganized potentially contributing to progenitor mislocalization and death. Morphologies of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are perturbed in vitro, with different effects also in Loa mice. Perturbations of neuronal migration and layering are also observed in p.Lys3334Asn /+ mutants. Overall, we identify specific developmental effects due to a severe cortical malformation mutation in Dync1h1, highlighting the differences with a mutation known instead to primarily affect motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina M Romero
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Maillard
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR-S 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gael Grannec
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR-S 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology APHP- Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.; Centre de Référence, Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP- Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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15
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Abstract
The microtubule minus-end-directed motility of cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), arguably the most complex and versatile cytoskeletal motor, is harnessed for diverse functions, such as long-range organelle transport in neuronal axons and spindle assembly in dividing cells. The versatility of dynein raises a number of intriguing questions, including how is dynein recruited to its diverse cargo, how is recruitment coupled to activation of the motor, how is motility regulated to meet different requirements for force production and how does dynein coordinate its activity with that of other microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) present on the same cargo. Here, these questions will be discussed in the context of dynein at the kinetochore, the supramolecular protein structure that connects segregating chromosomes to spindle microtubules in dividing cells. As the first kinetochore-localized MAP described, dynein has intrigued cell biologists for more than three decades. The first part of this Review summarizes current knowledge about how kinetochore dynein contributes to efficient and accurate spindle assembly, and the second part describes the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlights emerging commonalities with dynein regulation at other subcellular sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Garrott SR, Gillies JP, Siva A, Little SR, Jbeily REI, DeSantis ME. Ndel1 modulates dynein activation in two distinct ways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525437. [PMID: 36747695 PMCID: PMC9900795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynein is the primary minus-end-directed microtubule motor [1]. To achieve activation, dynein binds to the dynactin complex and an adaptor to form the "activated dynein complex" [2, 3]. The protein Lis1 aids activation by binding to dynein and promoting its association with dynactin and adaptor [4, 5]. Ndel1 and its orthologue Nde1 are dynein and Lis1 binding proteins that help control where dynein localizes within the cell [6]. Cell-based assays suggest that Ndel1/Nde1 also work with Lis1 to promote dynein activation, although the underlying mechanism is unclear [6]. Using purified proteins and quantitative binding assays, we found that Ndel1's C-terminal region contributes to binding to dynein and negatively regulates binding to Lis1. Using single-molecule imaging and protein biochemistry, we observed that Ndel1 inhibits dynein activation in two distinct ways. First, Ndel1 disfavors the formation of the activated dynein complex. We found that phosphomimetic mutations in Ndel1's C-terminal domain increase its ability to inhibit dynein-dynactin-adaptor complex formation. Second, we observed that Ndel1 interacts with dynein and Lis1 simultaneously and sequesters Lis1 away from its dynein binding site. In doing this, Ndel1 prevents Lis1-mediated dynein activation. Our work suggests that in vitro, Ndel1 is a negative regulator of dynein activation, which contrasts with cellular studies where Ndel1 promotes dynein activity. To reconcile our findings with previous work, we posit that Ndel1 functions to scaffold dynein and Lis1 together while keeping dynein in an inhibited state. We speculate that Ndel1 release can be triggered in cellular settings to allow for timed dynein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Garrott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aravintha Siva
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saffron R Little
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rita EI Jbeily
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Duplication and Segregation of Centrosomes during Cell Division. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152445. [PMID: 35954289 PMCID: PMC9367774 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During its division the cell must ensure the equal distribution of its genetic material in the two newly created cells, but it must also distribute organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, the mitochondria and the centrosome. DNA, the carrier of heredity, located in the nucleus of the cell, has made it possible to define the main principles that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. The cell cycle, which includes interphase and mitosis, is essentially a nuclear cycle, or a DNA cycle, since the interphase stages names (G1, S, G2) phases are based on processes that occur exclusively with DNA. However, centrosome duplication and segregation are two equally important events for the two new cells that must inherit a single centrosome. The centrosome, long considered the center of the cell, is made up of two small cylinders, the centrioles, made up of microtubules modified to acquire a very high stability. It is the main nucleation center of microtubules in the cell. Apart from a few exceptions, each cell in G1 phase has only one centrosome, consisting in of two centrioles and pericentriolar materials (PCM), which must be duplicated before the cell divides so that the two new cells formed inherit a single centrosome. The centriole is also the origin of the primary cilia, motile cilia and flagella of some cells.
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18
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Kim JM. Molecular Link between DNA Damage Response and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136986. [PMID: 35805981 PMCID: PMC9266319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major components of the cytoskeleton that play important roles in cellular processes such as intracellular transport and cell division. In recent years, it has become evident that microtubule networks play a role in genome maintenance during interphase. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of microtubule dynamics in DNA damage response and repair. We first describe how DNA damage checkpoints regulate microtubule organization and stability. We then highlight how microtubule networks are involved in the nuclear remodeling following DNA damage, which leads to changes in chromosome organization. Lastly, we discuss how microtubule dynamics participate in the mobility of damaged DNA and promote consequent DNA repair. Together, the literature indicates the importance of microtubule dynamics in genome organization and stability during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea
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19
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Garrott SR, Gillies JP, DeSantis ME. Nde1 and Ndel1: Outstanding Mysteries in Dynein-Mediated Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871935. [PMID: 35493069 PMCID: PMC9041303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is the primary microtubule minus-end directed molecular motor in most eukaryotes. As such, dynein has a broad array of functions that range from driving retrograde-directed cargo trafficking to forming and focusing the mitotic spindle. Dynein does not function in isolation. Instead, a network of regulatory proteins mediate dynein’s interaction with cargo and modulate dynein’s ability to engage with and move on the microtubule track. A flurry of research over the past decade has revealed the function and mechanism of many of dynein’s regulators, including Lis1, dynactin, and a family of proteins called activating adaptors. However, the mechanistic details of two of dynein’s important binding partners, the paralogs Nde1 and Ndel1, have remained elusive. While genetic studies have firmly established Nde1/Ndel1 as players in the dynein transport pathway, the nature of how they regulate dynein activity is unknown. In this review, we will compare Ndel1 and Nde1 with a focus on discerning if the proteins are functionally redundant, outline the data that places Nde1/Ndel1 in the dynein transport pathway, and explore the literature supporting and opposing the predominant hypothesis about Nde1/Ndel1’s molecular effect on dynein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R. Garrott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John P. Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan E. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Morgan E. DeSantis,
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20
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Gibson JM, Cui H, Ali MY, Zhao X, Debler EW, Zhao J, Trybus KM, Solmaz SR, Wang C. Coil-to-α-helix transition at the Nup358-BicD2 interface activates BicD2 for dynein recruitment. eLife 2022; 11:74714. [PMID: 35229716 PMCID: PMC8956292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nup358, a protein of the nuclear pore complex, facilitates a nuclear positioning pathway that is essential for many biological processes, including neuromuscular and brain development. Nup358 interacts with the dynein adaptor Bicaudal D2 (BicD2), which in turn recruits the dynein machinery to position the nucleus. However, the molecular mechanisms of the Nup358/BicD2 interaction and the activation of transport remain poorly understood. Here for the first time, we show that a minimal Nup358 domain activates dynein/dynactin/BicD2 for processive motility on microtubules. Using nuclear magnetic resonance titration and chemical exchange saturation transfer, mutagenesis, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, a Nup358 α-helix encompassing residues 2162–2184 was identified, which transitioned from a random coil to an α-helical conformation upon BicD2 binding and formed the core of the Nup358-BicD2 interface. Mutations in this region of Nup358 decreased the Nup358/BicD2 interaction, resulting in decreased dynein recruitment and impaired motility. BicD2 thus recognizes Nup358 through a ‘cargo recognition α-helix,’ a structural feature that may stabilize BicD2 in its activated state and promote processive dynein motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Heying Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - M Yusuf Ali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Xioaxin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - Erik W Debler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Sozanne R Solmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
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21
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Cunningham NHJ, Bouhlel IB, Conduit PT. Daughter centrioles assemble preferentially towards the nuclear envelope in Drosophila syncytial embryos. Open Biol 2022; 12:210343. [PMID: 35042404 PMCID: PMC8767211 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are important organizers of microtubules within animal cells. They comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material, which nucleates and organizes the microtubules. To maintain centrosome numbers, centrioles must duplicate once and only once per cell cycle. During S-phase, a single new ‘daughter’ centriole is built orthogonally on one side of each radially symmetric ‘mother’ centriole. Mis-regulation of duplication can result in the simultaneous formation of multiple daughter centrioles around a single mother centriole, leading to centrosome amplification, a hallmark of cancer. It remains unclear how a single duplication site is established. It also remains unknown whether this site is pre-defined or randomly positioned around the mother centriole. Here, we show that within Drosophila syncytial embryos daughter centrioles preferentially assemble on the side of the mother facing the nuclear envelope, to which the centrosomes are closely attached. This positional preference is established early during duplication and remains stable throughout daughter centriole assembly, but is lost in centrosomes forced to lose their connection to the nuclear envelope. This shows that non-centrosomal cues influence centriole duplication and raises the possibility that these external cues could help establish a single duplication site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil H J Cunningham
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Imène B Bouhlel
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Paul T Conduit
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75006 Paris, France
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22
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Cheng J, Allgeyer ES, Richens JH, Dzafic E, Palandri A, Lewków B, Sirinakis G, St Johnston D. A single-molecule localization microscopy method for tissues reveals nonrandom nuclear pore distribution in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259570. [PMID: 34806753 PMCID: PMC8729783 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can provide nanoscale resolution in thin samples but has rarely been applied to tissues because of high background from out-of-focus emitters and optical aberrations. Here, we describe a line scanning microscope that provides optical sectioning for SMLM in tissues. Imaging endogenously-tagged nucleoporins and F-actin on this system using DNA- and peptide-point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) routinely gives 30 nm resolution or better at depths greater than 20 µm. This revealed that the nuclear pores are nonrandomly distributed in most Drosophila tissues, in contrast to what is seen in cultured cells. Lamin Dm0 shows a complementary localization to the nuclear pores, suggesting that it corrals the pores. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the tissue-specific Lamin C causes the nuclear pores to distribute more randomly, whereas lamin C mutants enhance nuclear pore clustering, particularly in muscle nuclei. Given that nucleoporins interact with specific chromatin domains, nuclear pore clustering could regulate local chromatin organization and contribute to the disease phenotypes caused by human lamin A/C laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Cheng
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Edward S. Allgeyer
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Richens
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Edo Dzafic
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Amandine Palandri
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Bohdan Lewków
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - George Sirinakis
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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23
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Pergu R, Kumar M, Mahale SP, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Phosphorylation and Pin1 binding to the LIC1 subunit selectively regulate mitotic dynein functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212736. [PMID: 34709360 PMCID: PMC8562849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor performs multiple functions in mitosis by engaging with a wide cargo spectrum. One way to regulate dynein's cargo-binding selectivity is through the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its light intermediate chain 1 subunit (LIC1), which binds directly with cargo adaptors. Here we show that mitotic phosphorylation of LIC1-CTD at its three cdk1 sites is required for proper mitotic progression, for dynein loading onto prometaphase kinetochores, and for spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation in human cells. Mitotic LIC1-CTD phosphorylation also engages the prolyl isomerase Pin1 predominantly to Hook2-dynein-Nde1-Lis1 complexes, but not to dynein-spindly-dynactin complexes. LIC1-CTD dephosphorylation abrogates dynein-Pin1 binding, promotes prophase centrosome-nuclear envelope detachment, and impairs metaphase chromosome congression and mitotic Golgi fragmentation, without affecting interphase membrane transport. Phosphomutation of a conserved LIC1-CTD SP site in zebrafish leads to early developmental defects. Our work reveals that LIC1-CTD phosphorylation differentially regulates distinct mitotic dynein pools and suggests the evolutionary conservation of this phosphoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar P Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
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24
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Holzer G, De Magistris P, Gramminger C, Sachdev R, Magalska A, Schooley A, Scheufen A, Lennartz B, Tatarek‐Nossol M, Lue H, Linder MI, Kutay U, Preisinger C, Moreno‐Andres D, Antonin W. The nucleoporin Nup50 activates the Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 to promote NPC assembly at the end of mitosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108788. [PMID: 34725842 PMCID: PMC8634129 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitotic exit, thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) assemble concomitant with the nuclear envelope to build a transport-competent nucleus. Here, we show that Nup50 plays a crucial role in NPC assembly independent of its well-established function in nuclear transport. RNAi-mediated downregulation in cells or immunodepletion of Nup50 protein in Xenopus egg extracts interferes with NPC assembly. We define a conserved central region of 46 residues in Nup50 that is crucial for Nup153 and MEL28/ELYS binding, and for NPC interaction. Surprisingly, neither NPC interaction nor binding of Nup50 to importin α/β, the GTPase Ran, or chromatin is crucial for its function in the assembly process. Instead, an N-terminal fragment of Nup50 can stimulate the Ran GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 and NPC assembly, indicating that Nup50 acts via the Ran system in NPC reformation at the end of mitosis. In support of this conclusion, Nup50 mutants defective in RCC1 binding and stimulation cannot replace the wild-type protein in in vitro NPC assembly assays, whereas excess RCC1 can compensate the loss of Nup50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Holzer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Paola De Magistris
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyTübingenGermany
- Present address:
Department of BionanoscienceKavli Institute of NanoscienceDelftthe Netherlands
| | | | - Ruchika Sachdev
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyTübingenGermany
| | - Adriana Magalska
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyTübingenGermany
| | - Allana Schooley
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyTübingenGermany
| | - Anja Scheufen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Birgitt Lennartz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Marianna Tatarek‐Nossol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Hongqi Lue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Monika I Linder
- Institute of BiochemistryETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of PediatricsDr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Gene CenterUniversity Hospital, LMUMunichGermany
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Institute of BiochemistryETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Proteomics FacilityInterdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF)Medical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Daniel Moreno‐Andres
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyMedical SchoolRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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25
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Klim J, Zielenkiewicz U, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A, Kurlandzka A, Kaczanowski S. Genetic interaction network has a very limited impact on the evolutionary trajectories in continuous culture-grown populations of yeast. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:99. [PMID: 34039270 PMCID: PMC8157726 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of genetic interaction networks on evolution is a fundamental issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that the topology of the network is determined by the properties of the cellular machinery. Functionally related genes frequently interact with one another, and they establish modules, e.g., modules of protein complexes and biochemical pathways. In this study, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that compensatory evolutionary modifications, such as mutations and transcriptional changes, occur frequently in genes from perturbed modules of interacting genes. Results Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid deletion mutants as a model, we investigated two modules lacking COG7 or NUP133, which are evolutionarily conserved genes with many interactions. We performed laboratory evolution experiments with these strains in two genetic backgrounds (with or without additional deletion of MSH2), subjecting them to continuous culture in a non-limiting minimal medium. Next, the evolved yeast populations were characterized through whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analyses. No obvious compensatory changes resulting from inactivation of genes already included in modules were identified. The supposedly compensatory inactivation of genes in the evolved strains was only rarely observed to be in accordance with the established fitness effect of the genetic interaction network. In fact, a substantial majority of the gene inactivations were predicted to be neutral in the experimental conditions used to determine the interaction network. Similarly, transcriptome changes during continuous culture mostly signified adaptation to growth conditions rather than compensation of the absence of the COG7, NUP133 or MSH2 genes. However, we noticed that for genes whose inactivation was deleterious an upregulation of transcription was more common than downregulation. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the genetic interactions and the modular structure of the network described by others have very limited effects on the evolutionary trajectory following gene deletion of module elements in our experimental conditions and has no significant impact on short-term compensatory evolution. However, we observed likely compensatory evolution in functionally related (albeit non-interacting) genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01830-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klim
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Zielenkiewicz
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kurlandzka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kaczanowski
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Dantas M, Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Nucleus-Cytoskeleton Crosstalk During Mitotic Entry. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649899. [PMID: 33816500 PMCID: PMC8014196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In preparation for mitosis, cells undergo extensive reorganization of the cytoskeleton and nucleus, so that chromosomes can be efficiently segregated into two daughter cells. Coordination of these cytoskeletal and nuclear events occurs through biochemical regulatory pathways, orchestrated by Cyclin-CDK activity. However, recent studies provide evidence that physical forces are also involved in the early steps of spindle assembly. Here, we will review how the crosstalk of physical forces and biochemical signals coordinates nuclear and cytoplasmic events during the G2-M transition, to ensure efficient spindle assembly and faithful chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Dantas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,BiotechHealth Ph.D. Programme, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana T Lima
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Nunes V, Ferreira JG. From the cytoskeleton to the nucleus: An integrated view on early spindle assembly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:42-51. [PMID: 33726956 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation requires a complete restructuring of cellular organization. Microtubules remodel to assemble a mitotic spindle and the actin cytoskeleton rearranges to form a stiff actomyosin cortex. These cytoplasmic events must be spatially and temporally coordinated with mitotic chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope permeabilization, in order to ensure mitotic timing and fidelity. Here, we discuss the main cytoskeletal and nuclear events that occur during mitotic entry in proliferating animal cells, focusing on their coordinated contribution for early mitotic spindle assembly. We will also explore recent progress in understanding their regulatory biochemical and mechanical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nunes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; BiotechHealth PhD Programe, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Wu Q, Yu X, Liu L, Sun S, Sun S. Centrosome-phagy: implications for human diseases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:49. [PMID: 33663596 PMCID: PMC7934278 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00557-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a prominent mechanism to preserve homeostasis and the response to intracellular or extracellular stress. Autophagic degradation can be selectively targeted to dysfunctional subcellular compartments. Centrosome homeostasis is pivotal for healthy proliferating cells, but centrosome aberration is a hallmark of diverse human disorders. Recently, a process called centrosome-phagy has been identified. The process involves a panel of centrosomal proteins and centrosome-related pathways that mediate the specific degradation of centrosomal components via the autophagic machinery. Although autophagy normally mediates centrosome homeostasis, autophagy defects facilitate ageing and multiple human diseases, such as ciliopathies and cancer, which benefit from centrosome aberration. Here, we discuss the molecular systems that trigger centrosome-phagy and its role in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Liu
- Center of Ultramicroscopic Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Priyanga J, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Microtubule motors in centrosome homeostasis: A target for cancer therapy? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188524. [PMID: 33582170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a grievous concern to human health, owing to a massive heterogeneity in its cause and impact. Dysregulation (numerical, positional and/or structural) of centrosomes is one of the notable factors among those that promote onset and progression of cancers. In a normal dividing cell, a pair of centrosomes forms two poles, thereby governing the formation of a bipolar spindle assembly. A large number of cancer cells, however, harbor supernumerary centrosomes, which mimic the bipolar arrangement in normal cells by centrosome clustering (CC) into two opposite poles, thus developing a pseudo-bipolar spindle assembly. Manipulation of centrosome homeostasis is the paramount pre-requisite for the evasive strategy of CC in cancers. Out of the varied factors that uphold centrosome integrity, microtubule motors (MiMos) play a critical role. Categorized as dyneins and kinesins, MiMos are involved in cohesion of centrosomes, and also facilitate the maintenance of the numerical, positional and structural integrity of centrosomes. Herein, we elucidate the decisive mechanisms undertaken by MiMos to mediate centrosome homeostasis, and how dysregulation of the same might lead to CC in cancer cells. Understanding the impact of MiMos on CC might open up avenues toward a credible therapeutic target against diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Priyanga
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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30
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Castro D, Nunes V, Lima JT, Ferreira JG, Aguiar P. Trackosome: a computational toolbox to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.252254. [PMID: 33199521 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the initial stages of mitosis, multiple mechanisms drive centrosome separation and positioning. How they are coordinated to promote centrosome migration to opposite sides of the nucleus remains unclear. Here, we present Trackosome, an open-source image analysis software for tracking centrosomes and reconstructing nuclear and cellular membranes, based on volumetric live-imaging data. The toolbox runs in MATLAB and provides a graphical user interface for easy access to the tracking and analysis algorithms. It provides detailed quantification of the spatiotemporal relationships between centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane, and can also be used to measure the dynamic fluctuations of the nuclear envelope. These fluctuations are important because they are related to the mechanical forces exerted on the nucleus by its adjacent cytoskeletal structures. Unlike previous algorithms based on circular or elliptical approximations, Trackosome measures membrane movement in a model-free condition, making it viable for irregularly shaped nuclei. Using Trackosome, we demonstrate significant correlations between the movements of the centrosomes, and identify specific oscillation modes of the nuclear envelope. Overall, Trackosome is a powerful tool that can be used to help unravel new elements in the spatiotemporal dynamics of subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos Castro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Nunes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana T Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal .,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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31
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Soto-Perez J, Baumgartner M, Kanadia RN. Role of NDE1 in the Development and Evolution of the Gyrified Cortex. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:617513. [PMID: 33390896 PMCID: PMC7775536 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.617513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanded cortex is a hallmark of human neurodevelopment and endows increased cognitive capabilities. Recent work has shown that the cell cycle-related gene NDE1 is essential for proper cortical development. Patients who have mutations in NDE1 exhibit congenital microcephaly as a primary phenotype. At the cellular level, NDE1 is essential for interkinetic nuclear migration and mitosis of radial glial cells, which translates to an indispensable role in neurodevelopment. The nuclear migration function of NDE1 is well conserved across Opisthokonta. In mammals, multiple isoforms containing alternate terminal exons, which influence the functionality of NDE1, have been reported. It has been noted that the pattern of terminal exon usage mirrors patterns of cortical complexity in mammals. To provide context to these findings, here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding NDE1, its molecular biology and physiological relevance at the cellular and organismal levels. In particular, we outline the potential roles of NDE1 in progenitor cell behavior and explore the spectrum of NDE1 pathogenic variants. Moreover, we assessed the evolutionary conservation of NDE1 and interrogated whether the usage of alternative terminal exons is characteristic of species with gyrencephalic cortices. We found that gyrencephalic species are more likely to express transcripts that use the human-associated terminal exon, whereas lissencephalic species tend to express transcripts that use the mouse-associated terminal exon. Among gyrencephalic species, the human-associated terminal exon was preferentially expressed by those with a high order of gyrification. These findings underscore phylogenetic relationships between the preferential usage of NDE1 terminal exon and high-order gyrification, which provide insight into cortical evolution underlying high-order brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaseph Soto-Perez
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Rahul N. Kanadia
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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32
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Biedzinski S, Agsu G, Vianay B, Delord M, Blanchoin L, Larghero J, Faivre L, Théry M, Brunet S. Microtubules control nuclear shape and gene expression during early stages of hematopoietic differentiation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103957. [PMID: 33089509 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) can differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages to support hematopoiesis. Cells from the myeloid and lymphoid lineages fulfill distinct functions with specific shapes and intra-cellular architectures. The role of cytokines in the regulation of HSPC differentiation has been intensively studied but our understanding of the potential contribution of inner cell architecture is relatively poor. Here, we show that large invaginations are generated by microtubule constraints on the swelling nucleus of human HSPC during early commitment toward the myeloid lineage. These invaginations are associated with a local reduction of lamin B density, local loss of heterochromatin H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks, and changes in expression of specific hematopoietic genes. This establishes the role of microtubules in defining the unique lobulated nuclear shape observed in myeloid progenitor cells and suggests that this shape is important to establish the gene expression profile specific to this hematopoietic lineage. It opens new perspectives on the implications of microtubule-generated forces, in the early commitment to the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Biedzinski
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gökçe Agsu
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Vianay
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Recherche Clinique et Investigation, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jerome Larghero
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Faivre
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Brunet
- INSERM, CEA, U976 - HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CEA, INRA, CNRS, UMR5168 - LPCV, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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33
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Gonçalves JC, Quintremil S, Yi J, Vallee RB. Nesprin-2 Recruitment of BicD2 to the Nuclear Envelope Controls Dynein/Kinesin-Mediated Neuronal Migration In Vivo. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3116-3129.e4. [PMID: 32619477 PMCID: PMC9670326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate brain development depends on a complex program of cell proliferation and migration. Post-mitotic neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex involves Nesprin-2, which recruits cytoplasmic dynein, kinesin, and actin to the nuclear envelope (NE) in other cell types. However, the relative importance of these interactions in neurons has remained poorly understood. To address these issues, we performed in utero electroporation into the developing rat brain to interfere with Nesprin-2 function. We find that an ∼100-kDa "mini" form of the ∼800-kDa Nesprin-2 protein, which binds dynein and kinesin, is sufficient, remarkably, to support neuronal migration. In contrast to dynein's role in forward nuclear migration in these cells, we find that kinesin-1 inhibition accelerates neuronal migration, suggesting a novel role for the opposite-directed motor proteins in regulating migration velocity. In contrast to studies in fibroblasts, the actin-binding domain of Nesprin-2 was dispensable for neuronal migration. We find further that, surprisingly, the motor proteins interact with Nesprin-2 through the dynein/kinesin "adaptor" BicD2, both in neurons and in non-mitotic fibroblasts. Furthermore, mutation of the Nesprin-2 LEWD sequence, implicated in nuclear envelope kinesin recruitment in other systems, interferes with BicD2 binding. Although disruption of the Nesprin-2/BicD2 interaction severely inhibited nuclear movement, centrosome advance proceeded unimpeded, supporting an independent mechanism for centrosome advance. Our data together implicate Nesprin-2 as a novel and fundamentally important form of BicD2 cargo and help explain BicD2's role in neuronal migration and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Quintremil
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie Yi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
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34
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Agote-Aran A, Schmucker S, Jerabkova K, Jmel Boyer I, Berto A, Pacini L, Ronchi P, Kleiss C, Guerard L, Schwab Y, Moine H, Mandel JL, Jacquemont S, Bagni C, Sumara I. Spatial control of nucleoporin condensation by fragile X-related proteins. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104467. [PMID: 32706158 PMCID: PMC7560220 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins (Nups) build highly organized nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear envelope (NE). Several Nups assemble into a sieve‐like hydrogel within the central channel of the NPCs. In the cytoplasm, the soluble Nups exist, but how their assembly is restricted to the NE is currently unknown. Here, we show that fragile X‐related protein 1 (FXR1) can interact with several Nups and facilitate their localization to the NE during interphase through a microtubule‐dependent mechanism. Downregulation of FXR1 or closely related orthologs FXR2 and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leads to the accumulation of cytoplasmic Nup condensates. Likewise, models of fragile X syndrome (FXS), characterized by a loss of FMRP, accumulate Nup granules. The Nup granule‐containing cells show defects in protein export, nuclear morphology and cell cycle progression. Our results reveal an unexpected role for the FXR protein family in the spatial regulation of nucleoporin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Agote-Aran
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephane Schmucker
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Inès Jmel Boyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Berto
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale SDSV, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kleiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Guerard
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hervé Moine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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35
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Markus SM, Marzo MG, McKenney RJ. New insights into the mechanism of dynein motor regulation by lissencephaly-1. eLife 2020; 9:59737. [PMID: 32692650 PMCID: PMC7373426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly (‘smooth brain’) is a severe brain disease associated with numerous symptoms, including cognitive impairment, and shortened lifespan. The main causative gene of this disease – lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) – has been a focus of intense scrutiny since its first identification almost 30 years ago. LIS1 is a critical regulator of the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein, which transports numerous cargoes throughout the cell, and is a key effector of nuclear and neuronal transport during brain development. Here, we review the role of LIS1 in cellular dynein function and discuss recent key findings that have revealed a new mechanism by which this molecule influences dynein-mediated transport. In addition to reconciling prior observations with this new model for LIS1 function, we also discuss phylogenetic data that suggest that LIS1 may have coevolved with an autoinhibitory mode of cytoplasmic dynein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Matthew G Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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36
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Tsai MH, Cheng HY, Nian FS, Liu C, Chao NH, Chiang KL, Chen SF, Tsai JW. Impairment in dynein-mediated nuclear translocation by BICD2 C-terminal truncation leads to neuronal migration defect and human brain malformation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 32665036 PMCID: PMC7362644 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, the nucleus of migrating neurons follows the centrosome and translocates into the leading process. Defects in these migratory events, which affect neuronal migration, cause lissencephaly and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanism of nuclear translocation remains elusive. Using whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel nonsense BICD2 variant p.(Lys775Ter) (K775X) from a lissencephaly patient. Interestingly, most BICD2 missense variants have been associated with human spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) without obvious brain malformations. By in utero electroporation, we showed that BicD2 knockdown in mouse embryos inhibited neuronal migration. Surprisingly, we observed severe blockage of neuronal migration in cells overexpressing K775X but not in those expressing wild-type BicD2 or SMA-associated missense variants. The centrosome of the mutant was, on average, positioned farther away from the nucleus, indicating a failure in nuclear translocation without affecting the centrosome movement. Furthermore, BicD2 localized at the nuclear envelope (NE) through its interaction with NE protein Nesprin-2. K775X variant disrupted this interaction and further interrupted the NE recruitment of BicD2 and dynein. Remarkably, fusion of BicD2-K775X with NE-localizing domain KASH resumed neuronal migration. Our results underscore impaired nuclear translocation during neuronal migration as an important pathomechanism of lissencephaly.
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37
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Stiff T, Echegaray-Iturra FR, Pink HJ, Herbert A, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Hochegger H. Prophase-Specific Perinuclear Actin Coordinates Centrosome Separation and Positioning to Ensure Accurate Chromosome Segregation. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107681. [PMID: 32460023 PMCID: PMC7262599 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome separation in late G2/ early prophase requires precise spatial coordination that is determined by a balance of forces promoting and antagonizing separation. The major effector of centrosome separation is the kinesin Eg5. However, the identity and regulation of Eg5-antagonizing forces is less well characterized. By manipulating candidate components, we find that centrosome separation is reversible and that separated centrosomes congress toward a central position underneath the flat nucleus. This positioning mechanism requires microtubule polymerization, as well as actin polymerization. We identify perinuclear actin structures that form in late G2/early prophase and interact with microtubules emanating from the centrosomes. Disrupting these structures by breaking the interactions of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex with perinuclear actin filaments abrogates this centrosome positioning mechanism and causes an increase in subsequent chromosome segregation errors. Our results demonstrate how geometrical cues from the cell nucleus coordinate the orientation of the emanating spindle poles before nuclear envelope breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Stiff
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK
| | - Fabio R Echegaray-Iturra
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK
| | - Harry J Pink
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK
| | - Alex Herbert
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK
| | | | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK.
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38
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Auckland P, Roscioli E, Coker HLE, McAinsh AD. CENP-F stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments and limits dynein stripping of corona cargoes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201905018. [PMID: 32207772 PMCID: PMC7199848 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation demands efficient capture of microtubules by kinetochores and their conversion to stable bioriented attachments that can congress and then segregate chromosomes. An early event is the shedding of the outermost fibrous corona layer of the kinetochore following microtubule attachment. Centromere protein F (CENP-F) is part of the corona, contains two microtubule-binding domains, and physically associates with dynein motor regulators. Here, we have combined CRISPR gene editing and engineered separation-of-function mutants to define how CENP-F contributes to kinetochore function. We show that the two microtubule-binding domains make distinct contributions to attachment stability and force transduction but are dispensable for chromosome congression. We further identify a specialized domain that functions to limit the dynein-mediated stripping of corona cargoes through a direct interaction with Nde1. This antagonistic activity is crucial for maintaining the required corona composition and ensuring efficient kinetochore biorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Auckland
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emanuele Roscioli
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Helena Louise Elvidge Coker
- Computing and Advanced Microscopy Development Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andrew D. McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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39
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Nunes V, Dantas M, Castro D, Vitiello E, Wang I, Carpi N, Balland M, Piel M, Aguiar P, Maiato H, Ferreira JG. Centrosome-nuclear axis repositioning drives the assembly of a bipolar spindle scaffold to ensure mitotic fidelity. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1675-1690. [PMID: 32348198 PMCID: PMC7521851 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the initial stages of cell division, the cytoskeleton is extensively reorganized so that a bipolar mitotic spindle can be correctly assembled. This process occurs through the action of molecular motors, cytoskeletal networks, and the nucleus. How the combined activity of these different components is spatiotemporally regulated to ensure efficient spindle assembly remains unclear. To investigate how cell shape, cytoskeletal organization, and molecular motors cross-talk to regulate initial spindle assembly, we use a combination of micropatterning with high-resolution imaging and 3D cellular reconstruction. We show that during prophase, centrosomes and nucleus reorient so that centrosomes are positioned on the shortest nuclear axis at nuclear envelope (NE) breakdown. We also find that this orientation depends on a combination of centrosome movement controlled by Arp2/3-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics and Dynein-generated forces on the NE that regulate nuclear reorientation. Finally, we observe this centrosome configuration favors the establishment of an initial bipolar spindle scaffold, facilitating chromosome capture and accurate segregation, without compromising division plane orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nunes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,BiotechHealth PhD program, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Dantas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,BiotechHealth PhD program, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Castro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Vitiello
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1) 38058, France
| | - Irène Wang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1) 38058, France
| | - Nicolas Carpi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1) 38058, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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40
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Vitre B, Taulet N, Guesdon A, Douanier A, Dosdane A, Cisneros M, Maurin J, Hettinger S, Anguille C, Taschner M, Lorentzen E, Delaval B. IFT proteins interact with HSET to promote supernumerary centrosome clustering in mitosis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49234. [PMID: 32270908 PMCID: PMC7271317 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer, and centrosome clustering is essential for cancer cell survival. The mitotic kinesin HSET is an essential contributor to this process. Recent studies have highlighted novel functions for intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins in regulating motors and mitotic processes. Here, using siRNA knock‐down of various IFT proteins or AID‐inducible degradation of endogenous IFT88 in combination with small‐molecule inhibition of HSET, we show that IFT proteins together with HSET are required for efficient centrosome clustering. We identify a direct interaction between the kinesin HSET and IFT proteins, and we define how IFT proteins contribute to clustering dynamics during mitosis using high‐resolution live imaging of centrosomes. Finally, we demonstrate the requirement of IFT88 for efficient centrosome clustering in a variety of cancer cell lines naturally harboring supernumerary centrosomes and its importance for cancer cell proliferation. Overall, our data unravel a novel role for the IFT machinery in centrosome clustering during mitosis in cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vitre
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Taulet
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Guesdon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Douanier
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Dosdane
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Melanie Cisneros
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Hettinger
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Anguille
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Taschner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
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41
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Remo A, Li X, Schiebel E, Pancione M. The Centrosome Linker and Its Role in Cancer and Genetic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:380-393. [PMID: 32277932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome cohesion, the joining of the two centrosomes of a cell, is increasingly appreciated as a major regulator of cell functions such as Golgi organization and cilia positioning. One major element of centrosome cohesion is the centrosome linker that consists of a growing number of proteins. The timely disassembly of the centrosome linker enables centrosomes to separate and assemble a functional bipolar mitotic spindle that is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Exciting new findings link centrosome linker defects to cell transformation and genetic disorders. We review recent data on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly and disassembly of the centrosome linker, and discuss how defects in the proper execution of these processes cause DNA damage and genomic instability leading to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Diaz U, Bergman ZJ, Johnson BM, Edington AR, de Cruz MA, Marshall WF, Riggs B. Microtubules are necessary for proper Reticulon localization during mitosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226327. [PMID: 31877164 PMCID: PMC6932760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) displays a dramatic reorganization and remodeling, however, the mechanism driving these changes is poorly understood. Hairpin-containing ER transmembrane proteins that stabilize ER tubules have been identified as possible factors to promote these drastic changes in ER morphology. Recently, the Reticulon and REEP family of ER shaping proteins have been shown to heavily influence ER morphology by driving the formation of ER tubules, which are known for their close proximity with microtubules. Here, we examine the role of microtubules and other cytoskeletal factors in the dynamics of a Drosophila Reticulon, Reticulon-like 1 (Rtnl1), localization to spindle poles during mitosis in the early embryo. At prometaphase, Rtnl1 is enriched to spindle poles just prior to the ER retention motif KDEL, suggesting a possible recruitment role for Rtnl1 in the bulk localization of ER to spindle poles. Using image analysis-based methods and precise temporal injections of cytoskeletal inhibitors in the early syncytial Drosophila embryo, we show that microtubules are necessary for proper Rtnl1 localization to spindles during mitosis. Lastly, we show that astral microtubules, not microfilaments, are necessary for proper Rtnl1 localization to spindle poles, and is largely independent of the minus-end directed motor protein dynein. This work highlights the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in Rtnl1 localization to spindles during mitosis and sheds light on a pathway towards inheritance of this major organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Diaz
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF Mission Bay, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zane J. Bergman
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brittany M. Johnson
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alia R. Edington
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. de Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wallace F. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF Mission Bay, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Blake Riggs
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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The Mitotic Apparatus and Kinetochores in Microcephaly and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010049. [PMID: 31878213 PMCID: PMC7016623 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of mitotic division, when dysfunctional or expressed in a deregulated manner (over- or underexpressed) in somatic cells, cause chromosome instability, which is a predisposing condition to cancer that is associated with unrestricted proliferation. Genes encoding mitotic regulators are growingly implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we briefly summarize existing knowledge on how microcephaly-related mitotic genes operate in the control of chromosome segregation during mitosis in somatic cells, with a special focus on the role of kinetochore factors. Then, we review evidence implicating mitotic apparatus- and kinetochore-resident factors in the origin of congenital microcephaly. We discuss data emerging from these works, which suggest a critical role of correct mitotic division in controlling neuronal cell proliferation and shaping the architecture of the central nervous system.
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44
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Cui H, Noell CR, Behler RP, Zahn JB, Terry LR, Russ BB, Solmaz SR. Adapter Proteins for Opposing Motors Interact Simultaneously with Nuclear Pore Protein Nup358. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5085-5097. [PMID: 31756096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nup358 is a protein subunit of the nuclear pore complex that recruits the opposing microtubule motors kinesin-1 and dynein [via the dynein adaptor Bicaudal D2 (BicD2)] to the nuclear envelope. This pathway is important for positioning of the nucleus during the early steps of mitotic spindle assembly and also essential for an important process in brain development. It is unknown whether dynein and kinesin-1 interact with Nup358 simultaneously or whether they compete. Here, we have reconstituted and characterized a minimal complex of kinesin-1 light chain 2 (KLC2) and Nup358. The proteins interact through a W-acidic motif in Nup358, which is highly conserved among vertebrates but absent in insects. While Nup358 and KLC2 form predominantly monomers, their interaction results in the formation of 2:2 complexes, and the W-acidic motif is required for the oligomerization. In active motor complexes, BicD2 and KLC2 each form dimers. Notably, we show that the dynein adaptor BicD2 and KLC2 interact simultaneously with Nup358, resulting in the formation of 2:2:2 complexes. Mutation of the W-acidic motif results in the formation of 1:1:1 complexes. On the basis of our data, we propose that Nup358 recruits simultaneously one kinesin-1 motor and one dynein motor via BicD2 to the nucleus. We hypothesize that the binding sites are close enough to promote direct interactions between these motor recognition domains, which may be important for the regulation of the motility of these opposing motors. Our data provide important insights into a nuclear positioning pathway that is crucial for brain development and faithful chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Crystal R Noell
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Rachael P Behler
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Jacqueline B Zahn
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Lynn R Terry
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Blaine B Russ
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Sozanne R Solmaz
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University , P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
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45
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Abstract
DNA repair proteins have been found to localize to the centrosomes and defects in these proteins cause centrosome abnormality. Centrobin is a centriole-associated protein that is required for centriole duplication and microtubule stability. A recent study revealed that centrobin is a candidate substrate for ATM/ATR kinases. However, whether centrobin is involved in DNA damage response (DDR) remains unexplored. Here we show that centrobin is phosphorylated after UV exposure and that the phosphorylation is detected exclusively in the detergent/DNase I-resistant nuclear matrix. UV-induced phosphorylation of centrobin is largely dependent on ATR activity. Centrobin-depleted cells show impaired DNA damage-induced microtubule stabilization and increased sensitivity to UV radiation. Interestingly, depletion of centrobin leads to defective homologous recombination (HR) repair, which is reversed by expression of wild-type centrobin. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that centrobin plays an important role in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Mi Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School , Jellanamdo , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School , Jellanamdo , Republic of Korea
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46
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Alvarado-Kristensson M, Rosselló CA. The Biology of the Nuclear Envelope and Its Implications in Cancer Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2586. [PMID: 31137762 PMCID: PMC6566445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent compartmentalization of the genome is a defining feature of eukaryotes. Traditionally, the nuclear envelope was purely viewed as a physical barrier to preserve genetic material in eukaryotic cells. However, in the last few decades, it has been revealed to be a critical cellular component in controlling gene expression and has been implicated in several human diseases. In cancer, the relevance of the cell nucleus was first reported in the mid-1800s when an altered nuclear morphology was observed in tumor cells. This review aims to give a current and comprehensive view of the role of the nuclear envelope on cancer first by recapitulating the changes of the nuclear envelope during cell division, second, by reviewing the role of the nuclear envelope in cell cycle regulation, signaling, and the regulation of the genome, and finally, by addressing the nuclear envelope link to cell migration and metastasis and its use in cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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47
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Al Jord A, Spassky N, Meunier A. Motile ciliogenesis and the mitotic prism. Biol Cell 2019; 111:199-212. [PMID: 30905068 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia of epithelial multiciliated cells transport vital fluids along organ lumens to promote essential respiratory, reproductive and brain functions. Progenitors of multiciliated cells undergo massive and coordinated organelle remodelling during their differentiation for subsequent motile ciliogenesis. Defects in multiciliated cell differentiation lead to severe cilia-related diseases by perturbing cilia-based flows. Recent work designated the machinery of mitosis as the orchestrator of the orderly progression of differentiation associated with multiple motile cilia formation. By examining the events leading to motile ciliogenesis with a methodological prism of mitosis, we contextualise and discuss the recent findings to broaden the spectrum of questions related to the differentiation of mammalian multiciliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al Jord
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS 7241 INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France
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48
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Peterka M, Kornmann B. Miro-dependent mitochondrial pool of CENP-F and its farnesylated C-terminal domain are dispensable for normal development in mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008050. [PMID: 30856164 PMCID: PMC6428352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-F is a large, microtubule-binding protein that regulates multiple cellular processes including chromosome segregation and mitochondrial trafficking at cytokinesis. This multiplicity of functions is mediated through the binding of various partners, like Bub1 at the kinetochore and Miro at mitochondria. Due to the multifunctionality of CENP-F, the cellular phenotypes observed upon its depletion are difficult to interpret and there is a need to genetically separate its different functions by preventing binding to selected partners. Here we engineer a CENP-F point-mutant that is deficient in Miro binding and thus is unable to localize to mitochondria, but retains other localizations. We introduce this mutation in cultured human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system and show it causes a defect in mitochondrial spreading similar to that observed upon Miro depletion. We further create a mouse model carrying this CENP-F variant, as well as truncated CENP-F mutants lacking the farnesylated C-terminus of the protein. Importantly, one of these truncations leads to ~80% downregulation of CENP-F expression. We observe that, despite the phenotypes apparent in cultured cells, mutant mice develop normally. Taken together, these mice will serve as important models to study CENP-F biology at organismal level. In addition, because truncations of CENP-F in humans cause a lethal disease termed Strømme syndrome, they might also be relevant disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Peterka
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Program, Zurich Life-Science Graduate School, Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Som S, Chatterjee S, Paul R. Mechanistic three-dimensional model to study centrosome positioning in the interphase cell. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:012409. [PMID: 30780383 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.012409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the interphase in mammalian cells, the position of the centrosome is actively maintained at a small but finite distance away from the nucleus. The perinuclear positioning of the centrosome is crucial for cellular trafficking and progression into mitosis. Although the literature suggests that the contributions of the microtubule-associated forces bring the centrosome to the center of the cell, the position of the centrosome was merely investigated in the absence of the nucleus. Upon performing a coarse-grained simulation study with mathematical analysis, we show that the combined effect of the forces due to the cell cortex and the nucleus facilitate the centrosome positioning. Our study also demonstrates that in the absence of nucleus-based forces, the centrosome collapses on the nucleus due to cortical forces. Depending upon the magnitudes of the cortical forces and the nucleus-based forces, the centrosome appears to stay at various distances away from the nucleus. Such null force regions are found to be stable as well as unstable fixed points. This study uncovers a set of redundant schemes that the cell may adopt to produce the required cortical and nucleus-based forces stabilizing the centrosome at a finite distance away from the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Som
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | | | - Raja Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata - 700032, India
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50
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Dwivedi D, Kumari A, Rathi S, Mylavarapu SVS, Sharma M. The dynein adaptor Hook2 plays essential roles in mitotic progression and cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:871-894. [PMID: 30674580 PMCID: PMC6400558 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hook proteins are evolutionarily conserved dynein adaptors that promote assembly of highly processive dynein-dynactin motor complexes. Mammals express three Hook paralogs, namely Hook1, Hook2, and Hook3, that have distinct subcellular localizations and expectedly, distinct cellular functions. Here we demonstrate that Hook2 binds to and promotes dynein-dynactin assembly specifically during mitosis. During the late G2 phase, Hook2 mediates dynein-dynactin localization at the nuclear envelope (NE), which is required for centrosome anchoring to the NE. Independent of its binding to dynein, Hook2 regulates microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; accordingly, Hook2-depleted cells have reduced astral microtubules and spindle positioning defects. Besides the centrosome, Hook2 localizes to and recruits dynactin and dynein to the central spindle. Dynactin-dependent targeting of centralspindlin complex to the midzone is abrogated upon Hook2 depletion; accordingly, Hook2 depletion results in cytokinesis failure. We find that the zebrafish Hook2 homologue promotes dynein-dynactin association and was essential for zebrafish early development. Together, these results suggest that Hook2 mediates assembly of the dynein-dynactin complex and regulates mitotic progression and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Siddhi Rathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India
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