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De Velasco MA, Kura Y, Fujita K, Uemura H. Moving toward improved immune checkpoint immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2024; 31:307-324. [PMID: 38167824 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human prostate cancer is a heterogenous malignancy that responds poorly to immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that is typical of human prostate cancer has been the main obstacle to these treatments. The effectiveness of these therapies is also hindered by acquired resistance, leading to slow progress in prostate cancer immunotherapy. Results from the highly anticipated late-stage clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced prostate cancer have highlighted some of the obstacles to immunotherapy. Despite the setbacks, there is much that has been learned about the mechanisms that drive resistance, and new strategies are being developed and tested. Here, we review the status of immune checkpoint blockade and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and discuss factors contributing to innate and adaptive resistance to immune checkpoint blockade within the context of prostate cancer. We then examine current strategies aiming to overcome these challenges as well as prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yurie Kura
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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2
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Miao H, Meng H, Zhang Y, Chen T, Zhang L, Cheng W. FSP1 inhibition enhances olaparib sensitivity in BRCA-proficient ovarian cancer patients via a nonferroptosis mechanism. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:497-510. [PMID: 38374229 PMCID: PMC11043371 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) exhibit promising efficacy in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous repair deficiency (HRD) in ovarian cancer (OC). However, less than 40% of patients have HRD, it is vital to expand the indications for PARPis in BRCA-proficient patients. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) is a key protein in a newly identified ferroptosis-protective mechanism that occurs in parallel with the GPX4-mediated pathway and is associated with chemoresistance in several cancers. Herein, FSP1 is reported to be negatively correlated with the prognosis in OC patients. Combination therapy comprising olaparib and iFSP1 (a FSP1 inhibitor) strongly inhibited tumour proliferation in BRCA-proficient OC cell lines, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenograft mouse models. Surprisingly, the synergistic killing effect could not be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors, indicating that mechanisms other than ferroptosis were responsible for the synergistic lethality. In addition, cotreatment was shown to induce increased γH2A.X foci and to impair nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) activity to a greater extent than did any single drug. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that FSP1 interacted with Ku70, a classical component recruited to and occupying the end of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the NHEJ process. FSP1 inhibition decreased Ku70 PARylation, impaired subsequent DNA-PKcs recruitment to the Ku complex at DSB sites and was rescued by restoring PARylation. These findings unprecedentedly reveal a novel role of FSP1 in DNA damage repair and provide new insights into how to sensitize OC patients to PARPi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Miao
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huangyang Meng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yashuang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Pan Q, Luo P, Shi C. PC4-mediated Ku complex PARylation facilitates NHEJ-dependent DNA damage repair. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105032. [PMID: 37437887 PMCID: PMC10406618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstay treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial number of patients with HCC develop radioresistance and eventually suffer from tumor progression or relapse, which is a major impediment to the use of radiotherapy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and identifying novel therapeutic targets to improve patient prognosis are important in HCC management. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo models, laser microirradiation and live cell imaging methods, and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we report that a DNA repair enhancer, human positive cofactor 4 (PC4), promotes nonhomologous end joining-based DNA repair and renders HCC cells resistant to radiation. Mechanistically, PC4 interacts with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and directs Ku complex PARylation, resulting in the successful recruitment of the Ku complex to damaged chromatin and increasing the efficiency of nonhomologous end joining repair. Clinically, PC4 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Taken together, our data suggest that PC4 is a DNA repair driver that can be targeted to radiosensitize HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Lu T, Li T, Wu MK, Zheng CC, He XM, Zhu HL, Li L, Man RJ. Molecular simulations required to target novel and potent inhibitors of cancer invasion. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1367-1377. [PMID: 37676052 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2254695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a computational approach used to discover, develop, and analyze drugs and active molecules with similar biochemical properties. Molecular simulation technology has significantly accelerated drug research and reduced manufacturing costs. It is an optimized drug discovery method that greatly improves the efficiency of novel drug development processes. AREASCOVERED This review discusses the development of molecular simulations of effective cancer inhibitors and traces the main outcomes of in silico studies by introducing representative categories of six important anticancer targets. The authors provide views on this topic from the perspective of both medicinal chemistry and artificial intelligence, indicating the major challenges and predicting trends. EXPERT OPINION The goal of introducing CADD into cancer treatment is to realize a highly efficient, accurate, and desired approach with a high success rate for identifying potent drug candidates. However, the major challenge is the lack of a sophisticated data-filtering mechanism to verify bottom data from mixed-quality references. Consequently, despite the continuous development of algorithms, computer power, and interface optimization, specific data filtering mechanisms will become an urgent and crucial issue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Meng-Ke Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Chi-Chong Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Ruo-Jun Man
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
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Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Klonisch T, Nicolas H, Thanasupawat T, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Hombach-Klonisch S. Nuclear High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) Interactome Revealed by Biotin Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044246. [PMID: 36835656 PMCID: PMC9966875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-histone chromatin binding protein High Mobility Group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) has important functions in chromatin remodeling, and genome maintenance and protection. Expression of HMGA2 is highest in embryonic stem cells, declines during cell differentiation and cell aging, but it is re-expressed in some cancers, where high HMGA2 expression frequently coincides with a poor prognosis. The nuclear functions of HMGA2 cannot be explained by binding to chromatin alone but involve complex interactions with other proteins that are incompletely understood. The present study used biotin proximity labeling, followed by proteomic analysis, to identify the nuclear interaction partners of HMGA2. We tested two different biotin ligase HMGA2 constructs (BioID2 and miniTurbo) with similar results, and identified known and new HMGA2 interaction partners, with functionalities mainly in chromatin biology. These HMGA2 biotin ligase fusion constructs offer exciting new possibilities for interactome discovery research, enabling the monitoring of nuclear HMGA2 interactomes during drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hannah Nicolas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3982; Fax: +1-204-789-3920
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225633. [PMID: 36428727 PMCID: PMC9688455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, which can both enhance sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Despite the recent approval of ICIs for a number of advanced cancer types based on their ability to reinvigorate T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, a consistent percentage of treated patients fail to respond, strongly encouraging the identification of combination therapies to overcome resistance. In the present review, we analyzed both established and unexplored mechanisms that may be elicited by PARPi, supporting immune reactivation and their potential synergism with currently used ICIs. This analysis may indicate novel and possibly patient-specific immune features that might represent new pharmacological targets of PARPi, potentially leading to the identification of predictive biomarkers of response to their combination with ICIs.
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8
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A Double-Edged Sword: The Two Faces of PARylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179826. [PMID: 36077221 PMCID: PMC9456079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification process. Following the discovery of PARP-1, numerous studies have demonstrated the role of PARylation in the DNA damage and repair responses for cellular stress and DNA damage. Originally, studies on PARylation were confined to PARP-1 activation in the DNA repair pathway. However, the interplay between PARylation and DNA repair suggests that PARylation is important for the efficiency and accuracy of DNA repair. PARylation has contradicting roles; however, recent evidence implicates its importance in inflammation, metabolism, and cell death. These differences might be dependent on specific cellular conditions or experimental models used, and suggest that PARylation may play two opposing roles in cellular homeostasis. Understanding the role of PARylation in cellular function is not only important for identifying novel therapeutic approaches; it is also essential for gaining insight into the mechanisms of unexplored diseases. In this review, we discuss recent reports on the role of PARylation in mediating diverse cellular functions and homeostasis, such as DNA repair, inflammation, metabolism, and cell death.
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Hebert KA, Bonnen MD, Ghebre YT. Proton pump inhibitors and sensitization of cancer cells to radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937166. [PMID: 35992826 PMCID: PMC9388769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article outlines six molecular pathways that confer resistance of cancer cells to ionizing radiation, and describes how proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be used to overcome radioresistance induced by alteration of one or more of these signaling pathways. The inflammatory, adaptive, hypoxia, DNA damage repair, cell adhesion, and developmental pathways have all been linked to the resistance of cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Here we describe the molecular link between alteration of these pathways in cancer cells and development of resistance to ionizing radiation, and discuss emerging data on the use of PPIs to favorably modify one or more components of these pathways to sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Understanding the relationship between altered signaling pathways, radioresistance, and biological activity of PPIs may serve as a basis to repurpose PPIs to restore key biological processes that are involved in cancer progression and to sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy A. Hebert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark D. Bonnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yohannes T. Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yohannes T. Ghebre,
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Du T, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Sheng L, Yao H, Ji M, Xu B, Chen X. A Novel PARP Inhibitor YHP-836 For the Treatment of BRCA-Deficiency Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865085. [PMID: 35910366 PMCID: PMC9326368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have clinically demonstrated good antitumor activity in patients with BRCA mutations. Here, we described YHP-836, a novel PARP inhibitor, YHP-836 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity for both PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes. It also allosterically regulated PARP1 and PARP2 via DNA trapping. YHP-836 showed cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines with BRCA mutations and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. YHP-836 also sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy agents in vitro. Oral administration of YHP-836 elicited remarkable antitumor activity either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy agents in vivo. These results indicated that YHP-836 is a well-defined PARP inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
| | - Bailing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
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Wang X, Mi S, Zhao M, Lu C, Jia C, Chen Y. Quantitative Analysis of the Protein Methylome Reveals PARP1 Methylation is involved in DNA Damage Response. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:878646. [PMID: 35847980 PMCID: PMC9277342 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.878646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation plays important roles in DNA damage response. To date, proteome-wide profiling of protein methylation upon DNA damage has been not reported yet. In this study, using HILIC affinity enrichment combined with MS analysis, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the methylated proteins in HEK293T cells in response to IR treatment. In total, 235 distinct methylation sites responding to IR treatment were identified, and 38% of them were previously unknown. Multiple RNA-binding proteins were differentially methylated upon DNA damage stress. Furthermore, we identified 14 novel methylation sites in DNA damage response-related proteins. Moreover, we validated the function of PARP1 K23 methylation in repairing IR-induced DNA lesions. K23 methylation deficiency sensitizes cancer cells to radiation and HU-induced replication stress. In addition, PARP1 K23 methylation participates in the resolution of stalled replication forks by regulating PARP1 binding to damaged forks. Taken together, this study generates a data resource for global protein methylation in response to IR-induced DNA damage and reveals a critical role of PARP1 K23 methylation in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences—Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shaojie Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences—Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences—Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Lu, ; Chenxi Jia, ; Yali Chen,
| | - Chenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences—Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Lu, ; Chenxi Jia, ; Yali Chen,
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences—Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Lu, ; Chenxi Jia, ; Yali Chen,
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12
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Kawanishi M, Fujita M, Karasawa K. Combining Carbon-Ion Irradiation and PARP Inhibitor, Olaparib Efficiently Kills BRCA1-Mutated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2022; 16:11782234221080553. [PMID: 35340889 PMCID: PMC8950024 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221080553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits poor prognosis due to the lack of targets for hormonal or antibody-based therapies, thereby leading to limited success in the treatment of this cancer subtype. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a critical factor for DNA repair, and using PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is one of the promising treatments for BRCA-mutated (BRCA mut) tumors where homologous recombination repair is impaired due to BRCA1 mutation. Carbon ion (C-ion) radiotherapy effectively induces DNA damages in cancer cells. Thus, the combination of C-ion radiation with PARPi would be an attractive treatment for BRCA mut TNBC, wherein DNA repair systems can be severely impaired on account of the BRCA mutation. Till date, the effectiveness of C-ion radiation with PARPi in BRCA mut TNBC cell killing remains unknown. Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer cell lines carrying either wild type BRCA1, BRCA wt, (MDA-MB-231), or the BRCA1 mutation (HCC1937) were used, and the effectiveness of PARPi, olaparib, combined with C-ion beam or the conventional radiation, or X-ray, on TNBC cell killing were investigated. Methods: First, effective concentrations of olaparib for BRCA mut (HCC1937) cell killing were identified. Using these concentrations of olaparib, we then investigated their radio-sensitizing effects by examining the surviving fraction of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 upon X-ray or C-ion irradiation. In addition, the number of γH2AX (DSB marker) positive cells as well as their expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry, and results were compared between X-ray irradiated or C-ion irradiated cells. Furthermore, PARP activities in these cells were also observed by performing immunohistochemistry staining for poly (ADP-ribose) polymer (marker for PARP activity), and their expression differences were determined. Results: Treatment of cells with 25 nM olaparib enhanced radio-sensitivity of X-ray irradiated HCC1937, whereas lower dose (5 nM) olaparib showed drastic effects on increasing radio-sensitivity of C-ion irradiated HCC1937. Similar effect was not observed in MDA-MB-231, not possessing the BRCA1 mutation. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that X-ray or C-ion irradiation induced similar number of γH2AX-positive HCC1937 cells, but these induction levels were higher in C-ion irradiated HCC1937 with increased PARP activity compared to that of X-ray irradiated HCC1937. Elevated induction of DSB in C-ion irradiated HCC937 may fully activate DSB repair pathways leading to downstream activation of PARP, subsequently enhancing the effectiveness of PARPi, olaparib, with lower doses of olaparib exerting noticeable effects in cell killing of C-ion irradiated HCC1937. Conclusions: From this study, we demonstrate that C-ion irradiation can exert significant DSB in BRCA mut TNBC, HCC1937, with high PARP activation. Thus, PARPi, olaparib, would be a promising candidate as a radio-sensitizer for BRCA mut TNBC treatment, especially for C-ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kawanishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kumiko Karasawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kieffer SR, Lowndes NF. Immediate-Early, Early, and Late Responses to DNA Double Stranded Breaks. Front Genet 2022; 13:793884. [PMID: 35173769 PMCID: PMC8841529 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.793884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or rearrangement of genetic information can result from incorrect responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). The cellular responses to DSBs encompass a range of highly coordinated events designed to detect and respond appropriately to the damage, thereby preserving genomic integrity. In analogy with events occurring during viral infection, we appropriate the terms Immediate-Early, Early, and Late to describe the pre-repair responses to DSBs. A distinguishing feature of the Immediate-Early response is that the large protein condensates that form during the Early and Late response and are resolved upon repair, termed foci, are not visible. The Immediate-Early response encompasses initial lesion sensing, involving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), KU70/80, and MRN, as well as rapid repair by so-called ‘fast-kinetic’ canonical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ). Initial binding of PARPs and the KU70/80 complex to breaks appears to be mutually exclusive at easily ligatable DSBs that are repaired efficiently by fast-kinetic cNHEJ; a process that is PARP-, ATM-, 53BP1-, Artemis-, and resection-independent. However, at more complex breaks requiring processing, the Immediate-Early response involving PARPs and the ensuing highly dynamic PARylation (polyADP ribosylation) of many substrates may aid recruitment of both KU70/80 and MRN to DSBs. Complex DSBs rely upon the Early response, largely defined by ATM-dependent focal recruitment of many signalling molecules into large condensates, and regulated by complex chromatin dynamics. Finally, the Late response integrates information from cell cycle phase, chromatin context, and type of DSB to determine appropriate pathway choice. Critical to pathway choice is the recruitment of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) and breast cancer associated 1 (BRCA1). However, additional factors recruited throughout the DSB response also impact upon pathway choice, although these remain to be fully characterised. The Late response somehow channels DSBs into the appropriate high-fidelity repair pathway, typically either ‘slow-kinetic’ cNHEJ or homologous recombination (HR). Loss of specific components of the DSB repair machinery results in cells utilising remaining factors to effect repair, but often at the cost of increased mutagenesis. Here we discuss the complex regulation of the Immediate-Early, Early, and Late responses to DSBs proceeding repair itself.
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14
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Brustel J, Muramoto T, Fumimoto K, Ellins J, Pears CJ, Lakin ND. Linking DNA repair and cell cycle progression through serine ADP-ribosylation of histones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:185. [PMID: 35027540 PMCID: PMC8758696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although serine ADP-ribosylation (Ser-ADPr) by Poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerases is a cornerstone of the DNA damage response, how this regulates DNA repair and genome stability is unknown. Here, we exploit the ability to manipulate histone genes in Dictyostelium to identify that ADPr of the histone variant H3b at S10 and S28 maintains genome stability by integrating double strand break (DSB) repair with mitotic entry. Given the critical requirement for mitotic H3S10/28 phosphorylation, we develop separation of function mutations that maintain S10 phosphorylation whilst disrupting ADPr. Mechanistically, this reveals a requirement for H3bS10/28 ADPr in non-homologous end-joining by recruiting Ku to DSBs. Moreover, this also identifies H3bS10/S28 ADPr is critical to prevent premature mitotic entry with unresolved DNA damage, thus maintaining genome stability. Together, these data demonstrate how serine ADPr of histones coordinates DNA repair with cell cycle progression to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Brustel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Tetsuya Muramoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fumimoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jessica Ellins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Williams RSB, Chubb JR, Insall R, King JS, Pears CJ, Thompson E, Weijer CJ. Moving the Research Forward: The Best of British Biology Using the Tractable Model System Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells 2021; 10:3036. [PMID: 34831258 PMCID: PMC8616412 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum provides an excellent model for research across a broad range of disciplines within biology. The organism diverged from the plant, yeast, fungi and animal kingdoms around 1 billion years ago but retains common aspects found in these kingdoms. Dictyostelium has a low level of genetic complexity and provides a range of molecular, cellular, biochemical and developmental biology experimental techniques, enabling multidisciplinary studies to be carried out in a wide range of areas, leading to research breakthroughs. Numerous laboratories within the United Kingdom employ Dictyostelium as their core research model. This review introduces Dictyostelium and then highlights research from several leading British research laboratories, covering their distinct areas of research, the benefits of using the model, and the breakthroughs that have arisen due to the use of Dictyostelium as a tractable model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. B. Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Chubb
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Robert Insall
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Jason S. King
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Catherine J. Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Elinor Thompson
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Cornelis J. Weijer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
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16
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Wu J, Crowe DL. PARP5B is required for nonhomologous end joining during tumorigenesis in vivo. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:85-98. [PMID: 34710250 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) act as DNA damage sensors that produce poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains at double-strand breaks, facilitating the recruitment of repair factors. Cancers with homologous recombination defects are sensitive to small molecule PARP inhibitors. Despite PARP5B gene copy number changes in many cancers, the effects of this genetic alteration on tumor phenotype are largely unknown. To better understand this clinical finding, we characterized a PARP5B null mutation in a carcinogen-induced in vivo head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model. Reduced PARP5B expression inhibited tumor growth, induced primary tumor differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis. Loss of PARP5B expression-induced ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) activation and depleted the cancer stem cell fraction. PARP5B null tumor cells lacked 53BP1+ double-strand break foci, ATM activation, and p53 induction compared to PARP5B+/+ cancers. PARP5B null SCC expresses a multiprotein complex containing PML, pRPA, Rad50, Rad51, XRCC1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Mcm2, suggesting an HR-mediated repair mechanism at DNA replication foci. Low doses of etoposide combined with the PARP5B inhibitor XAV939 induced senescence and apoptosis in human SCC lines. NBS1 overexpression in these cells inhibited the effects of low-dose etoposide/XAV939 treatment. Our results indicate that PARP5B inhibition is new targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David L Crowe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Pears CJ, Brustel J, Lakin ND. Dictyostelium discoideum as a Model to Assess Genome Stability Through DNA Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752175. [PMID: 34692705 PMCID: PMC8529158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving genome integrity through repair of DNA damage is critical for human health and defects in these pathways lead to a variety of pathologies, most notably cancer. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is remarkably resistant to DNA damaging agents and genome analysis reveals it contains orthologs of several DNA repair pathway components otherwise limited to vertebrates. These include the Fanconi Anemia DNA inter-strand crosslink and DNA strand break repair pathways. Loss of function of these not only results in malignancy, but also neurodegeneration, immune-deficiencies and congenital abnormalities. Additionally, D. discoideum displays remarkable conservations of DNA repair factors that are targets in cancer and other therapies, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that are targeted to treat breast and ovarian cancers. This, taken together with the genetic tractability of D. discoideum, make it an attractive model to assess the mechanistic basis of DNA repair to provide novel insights into how these pathways can be targeted to treat a variety of pathologies. Here we describe progress in understanding the mechanisms of DNA repair in D. discoideum, and how these impact on genome stability with implications for understanding development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Campillo-Marcos I, Monte-Serrano E, Navarro-Carrasco E, García-González R, Lazo PA. Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitors Impair H4K20me2 and 53BP1 Foci in Response to DNA Damage in Sarcomas, a Synthetic Lethality Strategy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715126. [PMID: 34540832 PMCID: PMC8446283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromatin is dynamically remodeled to adapt to all DNA-related processes, including DNA damage responses (DDR). This adaptation requires DNA and histone epigenetic modifications, which are mediated by several types of enzymes; among them are lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). Methods KMT inhibitors, chaetocin and tazemetostat (TZM), were used to study their role in the DDR induced by ionizing radiation or doxorubicin in two human sarcoma cells lines. The effect of these KMT inhibitors was tested by the analysis of chromatin epigenetic modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me2. DDR was monitored by the formation of γH2AX, MDC1, NBS1 and 53BP1 foci, and the induction of apoptosis. Results Chaetocin and tazemetostat treatments caused a significant increase of H4K16 acetylation, associated with chromatin relaxation, and increased DNA damage, detected by the labeling of free DNA-ends. These inhibitors significantly reduced H4K20 dimethylation levels in response to DNA damage and impaired the recruitment of 53BP1, but not of MDC1 and NBS1, at DNA damaged sites. This modification of epigenetic marks prevents DNA repair by the NHEJ pathway and leads to cell death. Conclusion KMT inhibitors could function as sensitizers to DNA damage-based therapies and be used in novel synthetic lethality strategies for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Campillo-Marcos
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Monte-Serrano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Carrasco
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl García-González
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Visnes T, Benítez-Buelga C, Cázares-Körner A, Sanjiv K, Hanna BMF, Mortusewicz O, Rajagopal V, Albers JJ, Hagey DW, Bekkhus T, Eshtad S, Baquero JM, Masuyer G, Wallner O, Müller S, Pham T, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Suman S, Torres-Ruiz R, Sarno A, Wiita E, Homan EJ, Karsten S, Marimuthu K, Michel M, Koolmeister T, Scobie M, Loseva O, Almlöf I, Unterlass JE, Pettke A, Boström J, Pandey M, Gad H, Herr P, Jemth AS, El Andaloussi S, Kalderén C, Rodriguez-Perales S, Benítez J, Krokan HE, Altun M, Stenmark P, Berglund UW, Helleday T. Targeting OGG1 arrests cancer cell proliferation by inducing replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12234-12251. [PMID: 33211885 PMCID: PMC7708037 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered oncogene expression in cancer cells causes loss of redox homeostasis resulting in oxidative DNA damage, e.g. 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), repaired by base excision repair (BER). PARP1 coordinates BER and relies on the upstream 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) to recognise and excise 8-oxoG. Here we hypothesize that OGG1 may represent an attractive target to exploit reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation in cancer. Although OGG1 depletion is well tolerated in non-transformed cells, we report here that OGG1 depletion obstructs A3 T-cell lymphoblastic acute leukemia growth in vitro and in vivo, validating OGG1 as a potential anti-cancer target. In line with this hypothesis, we show that OGG1 inhibitors (OGG1i) target a wide range of cancer cells, with a favourable therapeutic index compared to non-transformed cells. Mechanistically, OGG1i and shRNA depletion cause S-phase DNA damage, replication stress and proliferation arrest or cell death, representing a novel mechanistic approach to target cancer. This study adds OGG1 to the list of BER factors, e.g. PARP1, as potential targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, N-7465 Trondheim,Norway
| | - Carlos Benítez-Buelga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Cázares-Körner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bishoy M F Hanna
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian J Albers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saeed Eshtad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Miguel Baquero
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Masuyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation. University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Müller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharda Suman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, N-7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert J Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stella Karsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karthick Marimuthu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith Edda Unterlass
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Pettke
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Boström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Pandey
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Helge Gad
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Patrick Herr
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Kalderén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans E Krokan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikael Altun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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20
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The molecular basis and disease relevance of non-homologous DNA end joining. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:765-781. [PMID: 33077885 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism of any type of DNA double-strand break (DSB) during most of the cell cycle and is essential for the development of antigen receptors. Defects in NHEJ result in sensitivity to ionizing radiation and loss of lymphocytes. The most critical step of NHEJ is synapsis, or the juxtaposition of the two DNA ends of a DSB, because all subsequent steps rely on it. Recent findings show that, like the end processing step, synapsis can be achieved through several mechanisms. In this Review, we first discuss repair pathway choice between NHEJ and other DSB repair pathways. We then integrate recent insights into the mechanisms of NHEJ synapsis with updates on other steps of NHEJ, such as DNA end processing and ligation. Finally, we discuss NHEJ-related human diseases, including inherited disorders and neoplasia, which arise from rare failures at different NHEJ steps.
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21
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Spiegel JO, Durrant JD. AutoGrow4: an open-source genetic algorithm for de novo drug design and lead optimization. J Cheminform 2020; 12:25. [PMID: 33431021 PMCID: PMC7165399 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-020-00429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present AutoGrow4, an open-source program for semi-automated computer-aided drug discovery. AutoGrow4 uses a genetic algorithm to evolve predicted ligands on demand and so is not limited to a virtual library of pre-enumerated compounds. It is a useful tool for generating entirely novel drug-like molecules and for optimizing preexisting ligands. By leveraging recent computational and cheminformatics advancements, AutoGrow4 is faster, more stable, and more modular than previous versions. It implements new docking-program compatibility, chemical filters, multithreading options, and selection methods to support a wide range of user needs. To illustrate both de novo design and lead optimization, we here apply AutoGrow4 to the catalytic domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), a well characterized DNA-damage-recognition protein. AutoGrow4 produces drug-like compounds with better predicted binding affinities than FDA-approved PARP-1 inhibitors (positive controls). The predicted binding modes of the AutoGrow4 compounds mimic those of the known inhibitors, even when AutoGrow4 is seeded with random small molecules. AutoGrow4 is available under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0. A copy can be downloaded free of charge from http://durrantlab.com/autogrow4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob O. Spiegel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
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22
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Munnur D, Somers J, Skalka G, Weston R, Jukes-Jones R, Bhogadia M, Dominguez C, Cain K, Ahel I, Malewicz M. NR4A Nuclear Receptors Target Poly-ADP-Ribosylated DNA-PKcs Protein to Promote DNA Repair. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2028-2036.e6. [PMID: 30784586 PMCID: PMC6381605 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of DNA repair factors had been well documented, its role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is poorly understood. NR4A nuclear orphan receptors were previously linked to DSB repair; however, their function in the process remains elusive. Classically, NR4As function as transcription factors using a specialized tandem zinc-finger DNA-binding domain (DBD) for target gene induction. Here, we show that NR4A DBD is bi-functional and can bind poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) through a pocket localized in the second zinc finger. Separation-of-function mutants demonstrate that NR4A PAR binding, while dispensable for transcriptional activity, facilitates repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in G1. Moreover, we define DNA-PKcs protein as a prominent target of ionizing radiation-induced PARylation. Mechanistically, NR4As function by directly targeting poly-ADP-ribosylated DNA-PKcs to facilitate its autophosphorylation-promoting DNA-PK kinase assembly at DNA lesions. Selective targeting of the PAR-binding pocket of NR4A presents an opportunity for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ria Weston
- Centre for Biomedicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Bhogadia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Cyril Dominguez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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23
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Han B, Meng X, Wu P, Li Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Zha C, Ye Q, Jiang C, Cai J, Jiang T. ATRX/EZH2 complex epigenetically regulates FADD/PARP1 axis, contributing to TMZ resistance in glioma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3351-3365. [PMID: 32194873 PMCID: PMC7053195 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Chemoresistance of temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapeutic agent, is a major issue in the management of patients with glioma. Alterations of alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene constitute one of the most prevalent genetic abnormalities in gliomas. Therefore, elucidation of the role of ATRX contributing to TMZ resistance in glioma is urgently needed. Methods: We performed the bioinformatics analysis of gene expression, and DNA methylation profiling, as well as RNA and ChIP-seq data sets. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system was used to achieve the ATRX knockout in TMZ resistant cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to investigate the role of ATRX contributing to TMZ resistance in glioma. Results: We found that ATRX expression was upregulated via DNA demethylation mediated by STAT5b/TET2 complex and strengthened DNA damage repair by stabilizing PARP1 protein in TMZ resistant cells. ATRX elicited PARP1 stabilization by the down-regulating of FADD expression via the H3K27me3 enrichment, which was dependent on ATRX/EZH2 complex in TMZ resistant cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the PARP inhibitor together with TMZ inhibited glioma growth in ATRX wild type TMZ resistant intracranial xenograft models. Conclusions: The present study further illustrated the novel mechanism of the ATRX/PARP1 axis contributing to TMZ resistance. Our results provided substantial new evidence that PARP inhibitor might be a potential adjuvant agent in overcoming ATRX mediated TMZ resistance in glioma.
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24
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) mediated by poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Suppression of PARylation by PARP inhibitors impairs DNA damage repair and induces apoptosis of tumor cells with repair defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors have been approved by the US FDA for various types of cancer treatment. However, recent studies suggest that dePARylation also plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Instead of antagonizing PARylation, dePARylation acts as a downstream step of PARylation in DNA damage repair. Moreover, several types of dePARylation inhibitors have been developed and examined in the preclinical studies for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress on the role of dePARylation in DNA damage repair and cancer suppression. We expect that targeting dePARylation could be a promising approach for cancer chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Lily L. Yu
- Westridge School, 324 Madeline Dr., Pasadena, CA 91105 USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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25
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Ning J, Wakimoto H. Therapeutic Application of PARP Inhibitors in Neuro-Oncology. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:147-159. [PMID: 32061304 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to a variety of cellular stresses, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has vital roles in orchestrating DNA damage repair and preserving genomic integrity. Clinical activity of PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in BRCA1/2 mutant cancers validated the concept of synthetic lethality between PARP inhibition and deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations, leading to clinical approval of several PARPis. Preclinical and clinical studies aiming to broaden the therapeutic application of PARPis identified sensitivity biomarkers and rationale combination strategies that can target BRCA wild-type and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-proficient cancers, including central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we summarize recent progress in PARPi therapy in brain tumors, and discuss current opportunities for, and challenges to, the use of PARPis in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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26
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Ma L, Herren AW, Espinal G, Randol J, McLaughlin B, Martinez-Cerdeño V, Pessah IN, Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ. Composition of the Intranuclear Inclusions of Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:143. [PMID: 31481131 PMCID: PMC6720097 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a premutation repeat expansion (55-200 CGG repeats) in the 5' noncoding region of the FMR1 gene. Solitary intranuclear inclusions within FXTAS neurons and astrocytes constitute a hallmark of the disorder, yet our understanding of how and why these bodies form is limited. Here, we have discovered that FXTAS inclusions emit a distinct autofluorescence spectrum, which forms the basis of a novel, unbiased method for isolating FXTAS inclusions by preparative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using a combination of autofluorescence-based FACS and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics, we have identified more than two hundred proteins that are enriched within the inclusions relative to FXTAS whole nuclei. Whereas no single protein species dominates inclusion composition, highly enriched levels of conjugated small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO 2) protein and p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1) protein were found within the inclusions. Many additional proteins involved with RNA binding, protein turnover, and DNA damage repair were enriched within inclusions relative to total nuclear protein. The current analysis has also allowed the first direct detection, through peptide sequencing, of endogenous FMRpolyG peptide, the product of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of the FMR1 mRNA. However, this peptide was found only at extremely low levels and not within whole FXTAS nuclear preparations, raising the question whether endogenous RAN products exist at quantities sufficient to contribute to FXTAS pathogenesis. The abundance of the inclusion-associated ubiquitin- and SUMO-based modifiers supports a model for inclusion formation as the result of increased protein loads and elevated oxidative stress leading to maladaptive autophagy. These results highlight the need to further investigate FXTAS pathogenesis in the context of endogenous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenda Espinal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Randol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital of Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.
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27
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Caron MC, Sharma AK, O'Sullivan J, Myler LR, Ferreira MT, Rodrigue A, Coulombe Y, Ethier C, Gagné JP, Langelier MF, Pascal JM, Finkelstein IJ, Hendzel MJ, Poirier GG, Masson JY. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 antagonizes DNA resection at double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2954. [PMID: 31273204 PMCID: PMC6609622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 is rapidly recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Upon activation, PARP-1 synthesizes a structurally complex polymer composed of ADP-ribose units that facilitates local chromatin relaxation and the recruitment of DNA repair factors. Here, we identify a function for PARP-1 in DNA DSB resection. Remarkably, inhibition of PARP-1 leads to hyperresected DNA DSBs. We show that loss of PARP-1 and hyperresection are associated with loss of Ku, 53BP1 and RIF1 resection inhibitors from the break site. DNA curtains analysis show that EXO1-mediated resection is blocked by PARP-1. Furthermore, PARP-1 abrogation leads to increased DNA resection tracks and an increase of homologous recombination in cellulo. Our results, therefore, place PARP-1 activation as a critical early event for DNA DSB repair activation and regulation of resection. Hence, our work has direct implications for the clinical use and effectiveness of PARP inhibition, which is prescribed for the treatment of various malignancies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) facilitates local chromatin relaxation and the recruitment of DNA repair factors at double strand breaks site (DSBs). Here the authors reveal that PARP-1 acts as a critical regulator of DNA end resection of DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Caron
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ajit K Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AL, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Julia O'Sullivan
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Logan R Myler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maria Tedim Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Amélie Rodrigue
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yan Coulombe
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Chantal Ethier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - John M Pascal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AL, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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28
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Chen MK, Du Y, Sun L, Hsu JL, Wang YH, Gao Y, Huang J, Hung MC. H 2O 2 induces nuclear transport of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET in breast cancer cells via a membrane-bound retrograde trafficking mechanism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8516-8528. [PMID: 30962283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular by-products produced from metabolism and also anticancer agents, such as ionizing irradiation and chemotherapy drugs. The ROS H2O2 has high rates of production in cancer cells because of their rapid proliferation. ROS oxidize DNA, protein, and lipids, causing oxidative stress in cancer cells and making them vulnerable to other stresses. Therefore, cancer cell survival relies on maintaining ROS-induced stress at tolerable levels. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in malignant cancer types, including breast cancer. Full-length c-MET triggers a signal transduction cascade from the plasma membrane that, through downstream signaling proteins, up-regulates cell proliferation and migration. Recently, c-MET was shown to interact and phosphorylate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in the nucleus and to induce poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance. However, it remains unclear how c-MET moves from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2 induces retrograde transport of membrane-associated full-length c-MET into the nucleus of human MCF10A and MCF12A or primary breast cancer cells. We further show that knocking down either coatomer protein complex subunit γ1 (COPG1) or Sec61 translocon β subunit (SEC61β) attenuates the accumulation of full-length nuclear c-MET. However, a c-MET kinase inhibitor did not block nuclear c-MET transport. Moreover, nuclear c-MET interacted with KU proteins in breast cancer cells, suggesting a role of full-length nuclear c-MET in ROS-induced DNA damage repair. We conclude that a membrane-bound retrograde vesicle transport mechanism facilitates membrane-to-nucleus transport of c-MET in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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29
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Begum R. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulates developmental morphogenesis and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biol Cell 2019; 111:187-197. [PMID: 30866055 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been attributed to varied roles in DNA repair, cell cycle, cell death, etc. Our previous reports demonstrate the role of PARP-1 during Dictyostelium discoideum development by its constitutive downregulation as well as by PARP-1 ortholog, ADP ribosyl transferase 1 A (ADPRT1A) overexpression. The current study analyses and strengthens the function of ADPRT1A in multicellular morphogenesis of D. discoideum. ADPRT1A was knocked out, and its effect was studied on cAMP signalling, chemotaxis and development of D. discoideum. RESULTS We report that ADPRT1A is essential in multicellular development of D. discoideum, particularly at the aggregation stage. Genetic alterations of ADPRT1A and chemical inhibition of its activity affects the intracellular and extracellular cAMP levels during aggregation along with chemotaxis. Exogenous cAMP pulses could rescue this defect in the ADPRT1A knockout (ADPRT1A KO). Expression analysis of genes involved in cAMP signalling reveals altered transcript levels of four essential genes (PDSA, REGA, ACAA and CARA). Moreover, ADPRT1A KO affects prespore- and prestalk-specific gene expression and prestalk tendency is favoured in the ADPRT1A KO. CONCLUSION ADPRT1A plays a definite role in regulating developmental morphogenesis via cAMP signalling. SIGNIFICANCE This study helps in understanding the role of PARP-1 in multicellular development and differentiation in higher complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India
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30
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Kolb AL, Hsu DW, Wallis ABA, Ura S, Rakhimova A, Pears CJ, Lakin ND. Dictyostelium as a Model to Assess Site-Specific ADP-Ribosylation Events. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1813:125-148. [PMID: 30097865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a single-cell organism that can undergo a simple developmental program, making it an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms of cell motility, signal transduction, and cell-type differentiation. A variety of human genes that are absent or show limited conservation in other invertebrate models have been identified in this organism. This includes ADP-ribosyltransferases, also known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), a family of proteins that catalyze the addition of single or poly-ADP-ribose moieties onto target proteins. The genetic tractability of Dictyostelium and its relatively simple genome structure makes it possible to disrupt PARP gene combinations, in addition to specific ADP-ribosylation sites at endogenous loci. Together, this makes Dictyostelium an attractive model to assess how ADP-ribosylation regulates a variety of cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and cell-type specification. Here we describe a range of techniques to study ADP-ribosylation in Dictyostelium, including analysis of ADP-ribosylation events in vitro and in vivo, in addition to approaches to assess the functional roles of this modification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Kolb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duen-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana B A Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seiji Ura
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alina Rakhimova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Saran S, Begum R. Crucial role of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP‐1) in cellular proliferation of
Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7539-7547. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara India
| | - Shweta Saran
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara India
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32
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DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 29925418 PMCID: PMC6011341 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications. A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents. Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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33
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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35
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Ronson GE, Piberger AL, Higgs MR, Olsen AL, Stewart GS, McHugh PJ, Petermann E, Lakin ND. PARP1 and PARP2 stabilise replication forks at base excision repair intermediates through Fbh1-dependent Rad51 regulation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:746. [PMID: 29467415 PMCID: PMC5821833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 regulates the repair of DNA single-strand breaks generated directly, or during base excision repair (BER). However, the role of PARP2 in these and other repair mechanisms is unknown. Here, we report a requirement for PARP2 in stabilising replication forks that encounter BER intermediates through Fbh1-dependent regulation of Rad51. Whereas PARP2 is dispensable for tolerance of cells to SSBs or homologous recombination dysfunction, it is redundant with PARP1 in BER. Therefore, combined disruption of PARP1 and PARP2 leads to defective BER, resulting in elevated levels of replication-associated DNA damage owing to an inability to stabilise Rad51 at damaged replication forks and prevent uncontrolled DNA resection. Together, our results demonstrate how PARP1 and PARP2 regulate two independent, but intrinsically linked aspects of DNA base damage tolerance by promoting BER directly, and by stabilising replication forks that encounter BER intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Ronson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ann Liza Piberger
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna L Olsen
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eva Petermann
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Kolb AL, Gunn AR, Lakin ND. Redundancy between nucleases required for homologous recombination promotes PARP inhibitor resistance in the eukaryotic model organism Dictyostelium. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10056-10067. [PMID: 28973445 PMCID: PMC5622368 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases promote repair of DNA single strand breaks and disruption of this pathway by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) is toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that this relationship is conserved in the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium and exploit this organism to define mechanisms that drive resistance of the HR-deficient cells to PARPi. Dictyostelium cells disrupted in exonuclease I, a critical factor for HR, are sensitive to PARPi. Deletion of exo1 prevents the accumulation of Rad51 in chromatin induced by PARPi, resulting in DNA damage being channelled through repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Inactivation of NHEJ supresses the sensitivity of exo1− cells to PARPi, indicating this pathway drives synthetic lethality and that in its absence alternative repair mechanisms promote cell survival. This resistance is independent of alternate-NHEJ and is instead achieved by re-activation of HR. Moreover, inhibitors of Mre11 restore sensitivity of dnapkcs−exo1− cells to PARPi, indicating redundancy between nucleases that initiate HR can drive PARPi resistance. These data inform on mechanism of PARPi resistance in HR-deficient cells and present Dictyostelium as a convenient genetic model to characterize these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Kolb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alasdair R Gunn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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37
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Liu C, Vyas A, Kassab MA, Singh AK, Yu X. The role of poly ADP-ribosylation in the first wave of DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8129-8141. [PMID: 28854736 PMCID: PMC5737498 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze massive protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) within seconds after the induction of DNA single- or double-strand breaks. PARylation occurs at or near the sites of DNA damage and promotes the recruitment of DNA repair factors via their poly ADP-ribose (PAR) binding domains. Several novel PAR-binding domains have been recently identified. Here, we summarize these and other recent findings suggesting that PARylation may be the critical event that mediates the first wave of the DNA damage response. We also discuss the potential for functional crosstalk with other DNA damage-induced post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Aditi Vyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Muzaffer A. Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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38
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McCormick A, Donoghue P, Dixon M, O'Sullivan R, O'Donnell RL, Murray J, Kaufmann A, Curtin NJ, Edmondson RJ. Ovarian Cancers Harbor Defects in Nonhomologous End Joining Resulting in Resistance to Rucaparib. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 27702817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0564] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage defects are common in ovarian cancer and can be used to stratify treatment. Although most work has focused on homologous recombination (HR), DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in NHEJ have been shown to contribute to genomic instability and have been associated with the development of chemoresistance.Experimental Design: NHEJ was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and 47 primary ascetic-derived ovarian cancer cultures, by measuring the ability of cell extracts to end-join linearized plasmid monomers into multimers. mRNA and protein expression of components of NHEJ was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. HR function was assessed using γH2AX/RAD51 foci assay.Results: NHEJ was defective (D) in four of six cell lines and 20 of 47 primary cultures. NHEJ function was independent of HR competence (C). NHEJD cultures were resistant to rucaparib (P = 0.0022). When HR and NHEJ functions were taken into account, only NHEJC/HRD cultures were sensitive to rucaparib (compared with NHEJC/HRC P = 0.034, NHEJD/HRC P = 0.0002, and NHEJD/HRD P = 0.0045). The DNA-PK inhibitor, NU7441, induced resistance to rucaparib (P = 0.014) and HR function recovery in a BRCA1-defective cell line.Conclusions: This study has shown that NHEJ is defective in 40% of ovarian cancers, which is independent of HR function and associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors in ex vivo primary cultures. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2050-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Donoghue
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dixon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Raschellà G, Melino G, Malewicz M. New factors in mammalian DNA repair-the chromatin connection. Oncogene 2017; 36:4673-4681. [PMID: 28394347 PMCID: PMC5562846 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage mammalian cells activate a complex network of stress response pathways collectively termed DNA damage response (DDR). DDR involves a temporary arrest of the cell cycle to allow for the repair of the damage. DDR also attenuates gene expression by silencing global transcription and translation. Main function of DDR is, however, to prevent the fixation of debilitating changes to DNA by activation of various DNA repair pathways. Proper execution of DDR requires careful coordination between these interdependent cellular responses. Deregulation of some aspects of DDR orchestration is potentially pathological and could lead to various undesired outcomes such as DNA translocations, cellular transformation or acute cell death. It is thus critical to understand the regulation of DDR in cells especially in the light of a strong linkage between the DDR impairment and the occurrence of common human diseases such as cancer. In this review we focus on recent advances in understanding of mammalian DNA repair regulation and a on the function of PAXX/c9orf142 and ZNF281 proteins that recently had been discovered to play a role in that process. We focus on regulation of double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair via the non-homologous end joining pathway, as unrepaired DSBs are the primary cause of pathological cellular states after DNA damage. Interestingly these new factors operate at the level of chromatin, which reinforces a notion of a central role of chromatin structure in the regulation of cellular DDR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine &Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
| | - M Malewicz
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
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40
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Site-specific ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B in response to DNA double strand breaks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43750. [PMID: 28252050 PMCID: PMC5333086 DOI: 10.1038/srep43750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) modify proteins with single units or polymers of ADP-ribose to regulate DNA repair. However, the substrates for these enzymes are ill-defined. For example, although histones are modified by ARTs, the sites on these proteins ADP-ribosylated following DNA damage and the ARTs that catalyse these events are unknown. This, in part, is due to the lack of a eukaryotic model that contains ARTs, in addition to histone genes that can be manipulated to assess ADP-ribosylation events in vivo. Here we exploit the model Dictyostelium to identify site-specific histone ADP-ribosylation events in vivo and define the ARTs that mediate these modifications. Dictyostelium histones are modified in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in vivo by the ARTs Adprt1a and Adprt2. Adprt1a is a mono-ART that modifies H2BE18 in vitro, although disruption of this site allows ADP-ribosylation at H2BE19. Although redundancy between H2BE18 and H2BE19 ADP-ribosylation is also apparent following DSBs in vivo, by generating a strain with mutations at E18/E19 in the h2b locus we demonstrate these are the principal sites modified by Adprt1a/Adprt2. This identifies DNA damage induced histone mono-ADP-ribosylation sites by specific ARTs in vivo, providing a unique platform to assess how histone ADP-ribosylation regulates DNA repair.
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41
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Gani AR, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1: Beyond transcription and towards differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 63:167-179. [PMID: 27476447 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation mediates the processes of cellular development and differentiation leading to the origin of different cell types each having their own signature gene expression profile. However, the compact chromatin structure and the timely recruitment of molecules involved in various signaling pathways are of prime importance for temporal and spatial gene regulation that eventually contribute towards cell type and specificity. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a 116-kDa nuclear multitasking protein is involved in modulation of chromatin condensation leading to altered gene expression. In response to activation signals, it adds ADP-ribose units to various target proteins including itself, thus regulating various key cellular processes like DNA repair, cell death, transcription, mRNA splicing etc. This review provides insights into the role of PARP-1 in gene regulation, cell differentiation and multicellular morphogenesis. In addition, the review also explores involvement of PARP-1 in immune cells development and therapeutic possibilities to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina Rafath Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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FASN regulates cellular response to genotoxic treatments by increasing PARP-1 expression and DNA repair activity via NF-κB and SP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6965-E6973. [PMID: 27791122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609934113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the sole cytosolic mammalian enzyme for de novo lipid synthesis, is crucial for cancer cell survival and associates with poor prognosis. FASN overexpression has been found to cause resistance to genotoxic insults. Here we tested the hypothesis that FASN regulates DNA repair to facilitate survival against genotoxic insults and found that FASN suppresses NF-κB but increases specificity protein 1 (SP1) expression. NF-κB and SP1 bind to a composite element in the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) promoter in a mutually exclusive manner and regulate PARP-1 expression. Up-regulation of PARP-1 by FASN in turn increases Ku protein recruitment and DNA repair. Furthermore, lipid deprivation suppresses SP1 expression, which is able to be rescued by palmitate supplementation. However, lipid deprivation or palmitate supplementation has no effect on NF-κB expression. Thus, FASN may regulate NF-κB and SP1 expression using different mechanisms. Altogether, we conclude that FASN regulates cellular response against genotoxic insults by up-regulating PARP-1 and DNA repair via NF-κB and SP1.
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Ishak L, Moretton A, Garreau-Balandier I, Lefebvre M, Alziari S, Lachaume P, Morel F, Farge G, Vernet P, Dubessay P. DNA maintenance following bleomycin-induced strand breaks does not require poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activation in Drosophila S2 cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 48:8-16. [PMID: 27793508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) is a post translational modification, catalyzed by Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) family. In Drosophila, PARP-I (human PARP-1 ortholog) is considered to be the only enzymatically active isoform. PARylation is involved in various cellular processes such as DNA repair in case of base excision and strand-breaks. OBSERVATIONS Strand-breaks (SSB and DSB) are detrimental to cell viability and, in Drosophila, that has a unique PARP family organization, little is known on PARP involvement in the control of strand-breaks repair process. In our study, strands-breaks (SSB and DSB) are chemically induced in S2 Drosophila cells using bleomycin. These breaks are efficiently repaired in S2 cells. During the bleomycin treatment, changes in PARylation levels are only detectable in a few cells, and an increase in PARP-I and PARP-II mRNAs is only observed during the recovery period. These results differ strongly from those obtained with Human cells, where PARylation is strongly activating when DNA breaks are generated. Finally, in PARP knock-down cells, DNA stability is altered but no change in strand-breaks repair can be observed. CONCLUSIONS PARP responses in DNA strands-breaks context are functional in Drosophila model as demonstrated by PARP-I and PARP-II mRNA increases. However, no modification of the global PARylation profile is observed during strand-breaks generation, only changes at cellular levels are detectable. Taking together, these results demonstrate that PARylation process in Drosophila is tightly regulated in the context of strands-breaks repair and that PARP is essential during the maintenance of DNA integrity but dispensable in the DNA repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Ishak
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Moretton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Garreau-Balandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Lefebvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Serge Alziari
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Lachaume
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Géraldine Farge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrick Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 4645, Réparation du Génome Mitochondrial Normal et Pathologique, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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McCormick A, Donoghue P, Dixon M, O'Sullivan R, O'Donnell RL, Murray J, Kaufmann A, Curtin NJ, Edmondson RJ. Ovarian Cancers Harbor Defects in Nonhomologous End Joining Resulting in Resistance to Rucaparib. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2050-2060. [PMID: 27702817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage defects are common in ovarian cancer and can be used to stratify treatment. Although most work has focused on homologous recombination (HR), DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in NHEJ have been shown to contribute to genomic instability and have been associated with the development of chemoresistance.Experimental Design: NHEJ was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and 47 primary ascetic-derived ovarian cancer cultures, by measuring the ability of cell extracts to end-join linearized plasmid monomers into multimers. mRNA and protein expression of components of NHEJ was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. HR function was assessed using γH2AX/RAD51 foci assay.Results: NHEJ was defective (D) in four of six cell lines and 20 of 47 primary cultures. NHEJ function was independent of HR competence (C). NHEJD cultures were resistant to rucaparib (P = 0.0022). When HR and NHEJ functions were taken into account, only NHEJC/HRD cultures were sensitive to rucaparib (compared with NHEJC/HRC P = 0.034, NHEJD/HRC P = 0.0002, and NHEJD/HRD P = 0.0045). The DNA-PK inhibitor, NU7441, induced resistance to rucaparib (P = 0.014) and HR function recovery in a BRCA1-defective cell line.Conclusions: This study has shown that NHEJ is defective in 40% of ovarian cancers, which is independent of HR function and associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors in ex vivo primary cultures. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2050-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Donoghue
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dixon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Gunn AR, Banos-Pinero B, Paschke P, Sanchez-Pulido L, Ariza A, Day J, Emrich M, Leys D, Ponting CP, Ahel I, Lakin ND. The role of ADP-ribosylation in regulating DNA interstrand crosslink repair. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3845-3858. [PMID: 27587838 PMCID: PMC5087659 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.193375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) has a well-established role in DNA strand break repair by promoting enrichment of repair factors at damage sites through ADP-ribose interaction domains. Here, we exploit the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium to uncover a role for ADP-ribosylation in regulating DNA interstrand crosslink repair and redundancy of this pathway with non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In silico searches were used to identify a protein that contains a permutated macrodomain (which we call aprataxin/APLF-and-PNKP-like protein; APL). Structural analysis reveals that this permutated macrodomain retains features associated with ADP-ribose interactions and that APL is capable of binding poly(ADP-ribose) through this macrodomain. APL is enriched in chromatin in response to cisplatin treatment, an agent that induces DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). This is dependent on the macrodomain of APL and the ART Adprt2, indicating a role for ADP-ribosylation in the cellular response to cisplatin. Although adprt2− cells are sensitive to cisplatin, ADP-ribosylation is evident in these cells owing to redundant signalling by the double-strand break (DSB)-responsive ART Adprt1a, promoting NHEJ-mediated repair. These data implicate ADP-ribosylation in DNA ICL repair and identify that NHEJ can function to resolve this form of DNA damage in the absence of Adprt2. Summary: Here, we identify a role for post-translational modification ADP-ribosylation in the response to DNA interstrand crosslinks in the model Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair R Gunn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Benito Banos-Pinero
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Peggy Paschke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Luis Sanchez-Pulido
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Antonio Ariza
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Joseph Day
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mehera Emrich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street 131, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Jariwala M, Bhatt S, Sutariya S, Gani AR, Gautam S, Begum R. The PARP family: insights into functional aspects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cell growth and survival. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:421-37. [PMID: 27329285 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP family members can be found spread across all domains and continue to be essential molecules from lower to higher eukaryotes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), newly termed ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1), is a ubiquitously expressed ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzyme involved in key cellular processes such as DNA repair and cell death. This review assesses current developments in PARP-1 biology and activation signals for PARP-1, other than conventional DNA damage activation. Moreover, many essential functions of PARP-1 still remain elusive. PARP-1 is found to be involved in a myriad of cellular events via conservation of genomic integrity, chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. This article briefly focuses on its other equally important overlooked functions during growth, metabolic regulation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, epigenetics and differentiation. Understanding the role of PARP-1, its multidimensional regulatory mechanisms in the cell and its dysregulation resulting in diseased states, will help in harnessing its true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - M Jariwala
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sutariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Saran S, Begum R. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 regulates growth and multicellularity in D. discoideum. Differentiation 2016; 92:10-23. [PMID: 27021638 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 regulates various biological processes like DNA repair, cell death etc. However, the role of PARP-1 in growth and differentiation still remains elusive. The present study has been undertaken to understand the role of PARP-1 in growth and development of a unicellular eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum. In silico analysis demonstrates ADPRT1A as the ortholog of human PARP-1 in D. discoideum. The present study shows that ADPRT1A overexpression (A OE) led to slow growth of D. discoideum and significant population of AOE cells were in S and G2/M phase. Also, AOE cells exhibited high endogenous PARP activity, significant NAD(+) depletion and also significantly lower ADPRT1B and ADPRT2 transcript levels. Moreover, AOE cells are intrinsically stressed and also exhibited susceptibility to oxidative stress. AOE also affected development of D. discoideum predominantly streaming, aggregation and formation of early culminant which are concomitant with reports on PARP's role in D. discoideum development. In addition, under developmental stimuli, increased PARP activity was seen along with developmentally regulated transcript levels of ADPRT1A during D. discoideum multicellularity. Thus the present study suggests that PARP-1 regulates growth as well as the developmental morphogenesis of D. discoideum, thereby opening new avenues to understand the same in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
| | - Shweta Saran
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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Dickreuter E, Eke I, Krause M, Borgmann K, van Vugt MA, Cordes N. Targeting of β1 integrins impairs DNA repair for radiosensitization of head and neck cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:1353-62. [PMID: 26073085 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β1 Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix interactions allow cancer cell survival and confer therapy resistance. It was shown that inhibition of β1 integrins sensitizes cells to radiotherapy. Here, we examined the impact of β1 integrin targeting on the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). β1 Integrin inhibition was accomplished using the monoclonal antibody AIIB2 and experiments were performed in three-dimensional cell cultures and tumor xenografts of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. AIIB2, X-ray irradiation, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown and Olaparib treatment were performed and residual DSB number, protein and gene expression, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) activity as well as clonogenic survival were determined. β1 Integrin targeting impaired repair of radiogenic DSB (γH2AX/53BP1, pDNA-PKcs T2609 foci) in vitro and in vivo and reduced the protein expression of Ku70, Rad50 and Nbs1. Further, we identified Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PKcs but not poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 to reside in the β1 integrin pathway. Intriguingly, combined inhibition of β1 integrin and PARP using Olaparib was significantly more effective than either treatment alone in non-irradiated and irradiated HNSCC cells. Here, we support β1 integrins as potential cancer targets and highlight a regulatory role for β1 integrins in the repair of radiogenic DNA damage via classical NHEJ. Further, the data suggest combined targeting of β1 integrin and PARP as promising approach for radiosensitization of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dickreuter
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - I Eke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Maes K, De Smedt E, Lemaire M, De Raeve H, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, McClue S, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The role of DNA damage and repair in decitabine-mediated apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3115-29. [PMID: 24833108 PMCID: PMC4102796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are under investigation for the treatment of cancer, including the plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM). Evidence exists that DNA damage and repair contribute to the cytotoxicity mediated by the DNMTi decitabine. Here, we investigated the DNA damage response (DDR) induced by decitabine in MM using 4 human MM cell lines and the murine 5T33MM model. In addition, we explored how the HDACi JNJ-26481585 affects this DDR. Decitabine induced DNA damage (gamma-H2AX foci formation), followed by a G0/G1- or G2/M-phase arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis. JNJ-26481585 enhanced the anti-MM effect of decitabine both in vitro and in vivo. As JNJ-26481585 did not enhance decitabine-mediated gamma-H2AX foci formation, we investigated the DNA repair response towards decitabine and/or JNJ-26481585. Decitabine augmented RAD51 foci formation (marker for homologous recombination (HR)) and/or 53BP1 foci formation (marker for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)). Interestingly, JNJ-26481585 negatively affected basal or decitabine-induced RAD51 foci formation. Finally, B02 (RAD51 inhibitor) enhanced decitabine-mediated apoptosis. Together, we report that decitabine-induced DNA damage stimulates HR and/or NHEJ. JNJ-26481585 negatively affects RAD51 foci formation, thereby providing an additional explanation for the combinatory effect between decitabine and JNJ-26481585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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