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Albano GA, Hackam AS. Repurposing development genes for axonal regeneration following injury: Examining the roles of Wnt signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1417928. [PMID: 38882059 PMCID: PMC11176474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the connections between developmental embryology and axonal regeneration. Genes that regulate embryogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) development are discussed for their therapeutic potential to induce axonal and cellular regeneration in adult tissues after neuronal injury. Despite substantial differences in the tissue environment in the developing CNS compared with the injured CNS, recent studies have identified multiple molecular pathways that promote axonal growth in both scenarios. We describe various molecular cues and signaling pathways involved in neural development, with an emphasis on the versatile Wnt signaling pathway. We discuss the capacity of developmental factors to initiate axonal regrowth in adult neural tissue within the challenging environment of the injured CNS. Our discussion explores the roles of Wnt signaling and also examines the potential of other embryonic genes including Pax, BMP, Ephrin, SOX, CNTF, PTEN, mTOR and STAT3 to contribute to axonal regeneration in various CNS injury model systems, including spinal cord and optic crush injuries in mice, Xenopus and zebrafish. Additionally, we describe potential contributions of Müller glia redifferentiation to neuronal regeneration after injury. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the field, and highlights promising research directions for the potential therapeutic applications of specific embryologic molecular pathways in axonal regeneration in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Albano
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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2
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Bonnet C, Ruiz M, Gonzalez S, Tseng CH, Bourges JL, Behar-Cohen F, Deng SX. Single mRNA detection of Wnt signaling pathway in the human limbus. Exp Eye Res 2023; 229:109337. [PMID: 36702232 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) are adult stem cells located at the limbus, tightly regulated by their close microenvironment. It has been shown that Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for LSCs regulation. Previous differential gene profiling studies confirmed the preferential expression of specific Wnt ligands (WNT2, WNT6, WNT11, WNT16) and Wnt inhibitors (DKK1, SFRP5, WIF1, FRZB) in the limbal region compared to the cornea. Among all frizzled receptors, frizzled7 (Fzd7) was found to be preferentially expressed in the basal limbal epithelium. However, the exact localization of Wnt signaling molecules-producing cells in the limbus remains unknown. The current study aims to evaluate the in situ spatial expression of these 4 Wnt ligands, 4 Wnt inhibitors, and Fzd7. Wnt ligands, DKK1, and Fzd7 expression were scattered within the limbal epithelium, at a higher abundance in the basal layer than the superficial layer. SFRP5 expression was diffuse among the limbal epithelium, whereas WIF1 and FRZB expression was clustered at the basal limbal epithelial layer corresponding to the areas of high levels of Fzd7 expression. Quantitation of the fluorescence intensity showed that all 4 Wnt ligands, 3 Wnt inhibitors (WIF1, DKK1, FRZB), and Fzd7 were highly expressed at the basal layer of the limbus, then in a decreasing gradient toward the superficial layer (P < 0.05). The expression levels of all 4 Wnt ligands, FRZB, and Fzd7 in the basal epithelial layer were higher in the limbus than the central cornea (P < 0.05). All 4 Wnt ligands, 4 Wnt inhibitors, and Fzd7 were also highly expressed in the limbal stroma immediately below the epithelium but not in the corneal stroma (P < 0.05). In addition, Fzd7 had a preferential expression in the superior limbus compared to other limbal quadrants (P < 0.05). Taken together, the unique expression patterns of the Wnt molecules in the limbus suggests the involvement of both paracrine and autocrine effects in LSCs regulation, and a fine balance between Wnt activators and inhibitors to govern LSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris University, And Cornea Departement, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheyla Gonzalez
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Bourges
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris University, And Cornea Departement, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris University, And Cornea Departement, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ju J, Lee HN, Ning L, Ryu H, Zhou XX, Chun H, Lee YW, Lee-Richerson AI, Jeong C, Lin MZ, Seong J. Optical regulation of endogenous RhoA reveals selection of cellular responses by signal amplitude. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111080. [PMID: 35830815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How protein signaling networks respond to different input strengths is an important but poorly understood problem in cell biology. For example, RhoA can promote focal adhesion (FA) growth or disassembly, but how RhoA activity mediates these opposite outcomes is not clear. Here, we develop a photoswitchable RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), psRhoGEF, to precisely control endogenous RhoA activity. Using this optical tool, we discover that peak FA disassembly selectively occurs upon activation of RhoA to submaximal levels. We also find that Src activation at FAs selectively occurs upon submaximal RhoA activation, identifying Src as an amplitude-dependent RhoA effector. Finally, a pharmacological Src inhibitor reverses the direction of the FA response to RhoA activation from disassembly to growth, demonstrating that Src functions to suppress FA growth upon RhoA activation. Thus, rheostatic control of RhoA activation by psRhoGEF reveals that cells can use signal amplitude to produce multiple responses to a single biochemical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin Ning
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyunjoo Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin X Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyeyeon Chun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Nowaczyk A, Szwedowski D, Dallo I, Nowaczyk J. Overview of First-Line and Second-Line Pharmacotherapies for Osteoarthritis with Special Focus on Intra-Articular Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031566. [PMID: 35163488 PMCID: PMC8835883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be defined as the result of pathological processes of various etiologies leading to damage to the articular structures. Although the mechanism of degenerative changes has become better understood due to the plethora of biochemical and genetic studies, the drug that could stop the degenerative cascade is still unknown. All available forms of OA therapy are based on symptomatic treatment. According to actual guidelines, comprehensive treatment of OA should always include a combination of various therapeutic options aimed at common goals, which are pain relief in the first place, and then the improvement of function. Local treatment has become more common practice, which takes place between rehabilitation and pharmacological treatment in the hierarchy of procedures. Only in the case of no improvement and the presence of advanced lesions visible in imaging tests, should surgery be considered. Currently, an increasing number of studies are being published suggesting that intra-articular injections may be as effective or even more effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and result in fewer systemic adverse events. The most commonly used preparations are hyaluronic acid (HA), glucocorticosteroids (GS), and also platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in recent years. This review aims to present the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of different pharmacological options in relieving pain and improving functions in OA as well as the emerging approach in intra-articular treatment with PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, LudwikRydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (J.N.); Tel.: +48-52-585-3904 (A.N.); +48-56-6114838 (J.N.)
| | - Dawid Szwedowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Dallo
- Unit of Biological Therapies, SportMe Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (J.N.); Tel.: +48-52-585-3904 (A.N.); +48-56-6114838 (J.N.)
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Ashry M, Folger JK, Rajput SK, Baroni J, Smith GW. FSH stimulated bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis involves both canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106678. [PMID: 34607220 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotrophins play key roles in follicular development; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) regulation of aromatase and subsequent estradiol (E2) production relies on β-catenin, a key effector of WNT signaling. We previously demonstrated that treatment with the canonical WNT inhibitor, IWR-1, reduced FSH induced bovine granulosa cell E2 production in vitro. Here we demonstrated that intrafollicular injection in vivo with IWR-1 alters steroidogenesis and triggers a significant decrease in estrogen to progesterone ratio in the IWR-1 treated follicles compared to diluent injected control follicles. We next examined markers of canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling in dominant and subordinate follicles collected at different stages of follicular development and showed that protein for both CTNNB1 (canonical pathway) and phosphorylated (p)-LEF1 (noncanonical pathway) was significantly elevated in dominant compared to subordinate follicles at the early dominance stage of development. Therefore, we hypothesized that canonical and/or noncanonical WNT ligands modulate FSH stimulated E2 production. Hence, we examined the effects of specific WNT ligands on FSH stimulated E2 production in the absence of endogenous WNT production in vitro. Universal WNT signaling inhibitor, LGK-974 was able to inhibit FSH stimulation of E2 and reduce the abundance of proteins linked to canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway activation. Supplementation with the canonical ligand WNT2b did not affect the inhibitory effects of LGK-974 on FSH stimulated E2 production but rescued the LGK-974 mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 (canonical pathway) but not p-LEF1, p-JNK or p-P38 abundance (noncanonical pathway) abundance. In contrast, WNT5a treatment rescued FSH stimulated estradiol production and indices of activation of both the canonical (CTNNB1) and noncanonical (p-LEF1, p-JNK and p-P38) WNT signaling pathways in LGK-974 treated granulosa cells. Taken together, these results suggest that both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathways activation is linked to FSH stimulation of E2 production by bovine granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - J K Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S K Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Baroni
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G W Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Robertson SYT, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Importance of the Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11975. [PMID: 34769405 PMCID: PMC8584795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) reside in a niche that contains finely tuned balances of various signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, BMP, Shh, YAP, and TGFβ. The activation or inhibition of these pathways is frequently dependent on the interactions of LSCs with various niche cell types and extracellular substrates. In addition to receiving molecular signals from growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, LSCs also respond to their surrounding physical structure via mechanotransduction, interaction with the ECM, and interactions with other cell types. Damage to LSCs or their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The field of LSCD treatment would greatly benefit from an understanding of the molecular regulation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo. This review synthesizes current literature around the niche factors and signaling pathways that influence LSC function. Future development of LSCD therapies should consider all these niche factors to achieve improved long-term restoration of the LSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie X. Deng
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94143, USA; (S.Y.T.R.); (J.S.R.)
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Wnt6 plays a complex role in maintaining human limbal stem/progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20948. [PMID: 34686698 PMCID: PMC8536737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is consistently regenerated by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a very small population of adult stem cells residing in the limbus. Several Wnt ligands, including Wnt6, are preferentially expressed in the limbus. To investigate the role of Wnt6 in regulating proliferation and maintenance of human LSCs in an in vitro LSC expansion setting, we generated NIH-3T3 feeder cells to overexpress different levels of Wnt6. Characterization of LSCs cultured on Wnt6 expressing 3T3 cells showed that high level of Wnt6 increased proliferation of LSCs. Medium and high levels of Wnt6 also increased the percentage of small cells (diameter ≤ 12 µm), a feature of the stem cell population. Additionally, the percentage of cells expressing the differentiation marker K12 was significantly reduced in the presence of medium and high Wnt6 levels. Although Wnt6 is mostly known as a canonical Wnt ligand, our data showed that canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways were activated in the Wnt6-supplemented LSC cultures, a finding suggesting that interrelationships between both pathways are required for LSC regulation.
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Siracusa R, Monaco F, D’Amico R, Genovese T, Cordaro M, Interdonato L, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D, Fusco R, Di Paola R. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Modulates Postoperative Pain by Regulating Biochemical and Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136879. [PMID: 34206850 PMCID: PMC8268037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating postoperative (PO) pain is a clinical challenge. Inadequate PO pain management can lead to worse outcomes, for example chronic post-surgical pain. Therefore, acquiring new information on the PO pain mechanism would increase the therapeutic options available. In this paper, we evaluated the role of a natural substance, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on pain and neuroinflammation induced by a surgical procedure in an animal model of PO pain. We performed an incision of the hind paw and EGCG was administered for five days. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and motor dysfunction were assessed 24 h, and three and five days after surgery. At the same time points, animals were sacrificed, and sera and lumbar spinal cord tissues were harvested for molecular analysis. EGCG administration significantly alleviated hyperalgesia and allodynia, and reduced motor disfunction. From the molecular point of view, EGCG reduced the activation of the WNT pathway, reducing WNT3a, cysteine-rich domain frizzled (FZ)1 and FZ8 expressions, and both cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin expression, and the noncanonical β-catenin–independent signaling pathways, reducing the activation of the NMDA receptor subtype NR2B (pNR2B), pPKC and cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) expressions at all time points. Additionally, EGCG reduced spinal astrocytes and microglia activation, cytokines overexpression and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) pathway, downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Thus, EGCG administration managing the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways modulates PO pain related neurochemical and inflammatory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5208
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (T.G.); (L.I.); (A.F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
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Cherifi C, Monteagudo S, Lories RJ. Promising targets for therapy of osteoarthritis: a review on the Wnt and TGF-β signalling pathways. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211006959. [PMID: 33948125 PMCID: PMC8053758 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disorder worldwide, with a high personal burden for the patients and an important socio-economic impact. Current therapies are largely limited to pain management and rehabilitation and exercise strategies. For advanced cases, joint replacement surgery may be the only option. Hence, there is an enormous need for the development of effective and safe disease-modifying anti-OA drugs. A strong focus in OA research has been on the identification and role of molecular signalling pathways that contribute to the balance between anabolism and catabolism in the articular cartilage. In this context, most insights have been gained in understanding the roles of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the Wingless-type (Wnt) signalling cascades. The emerging picture demonstrates a high degree of complexity with context-dependent events. TGF-β appears to protect cartilage under healthy conditions, but shifts in its receptor use and subsequent downstream signalling may be deleterious in aged individuals or in damaged cartilage. Likewise, low levels of Wnt activity appear important to sustain chondrocyte viability but excessive activation is associated with progressive joint damage. Emerging clinical data suggest some potential for the use of sprifermin, a recombinant forms of fibroblast growth factor 18, a distant TGF-β superfamily member, and for lorecivivint, a Wnt pathway modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazad Cherifi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik J Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Box 813 O&N, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Engelbrecht E, MacRae CA, Hla T. Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:564-584. [PMID: 33327749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.305565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Summers ME, Richmond BW, Menon S, Sheridan RM, Kropski JA, Majka SA, Taketo MM, Bastarache JA, West JD, De Langhe S, Geraghty P, Klemm DJ, Chu HW, Friedman RS, Tao YK, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Resident mesenchymal vascular progenitors modulate adaptive angiogenesis and pulmonary remodeling via regulation of canonical Wnt signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:10267-10285. [PMID: 32533805 PMCID: PMC7496763 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000629r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive angiogenesis is necessary for tissue repair, however, it may also be associated with the exacerbation of injury and development of chronic disease. In these studies, we demonstrate that lung mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells (MVPC) modulate adaptive angiogenesis via lineage trace, depletion of MVPC, and modulation of β-catenin expression. Single cell sequencing confirmed MVPC as multipotential vascular progenitors, thus, genetic depletion resulted in alveolar simplification with reduced adaptive angiogenesis. Following vascular endothelial injury, Wnt activation in MVPC was sufficient to elicit an emphysema-like phenotype characterized by increased MLI, fibrosis, and MVPC driven adaptive angiogenesis. Lastly, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling skewed the profile of human and murine MVPC toward an adaptive phenotype. These data suggest that lung MVPC drive angiogenesis in response to injury and regulate the microvascular niche as well as subsequent distal lung tissue architecture via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Summers
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Ryan M. Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsRNA Bioscience InitiativeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Sarah A. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Julie A. Bastarache
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - James D. West
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | | | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Biomedical ResearchNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
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12
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Catalano A, Bellone F, Morabito N, Corica F. Sclerostin and Vascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134779. [PMID: 32640551 PMCID: PMC7370046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is cumulating evidence for a contribution of Wnt signaling pathways in multiple processes involved in atherosclerosis and vascular aging. Wnt signaling plays a role in endothelial dysfunction, in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and intimal thickening. Moreover, it interferes with inflammation processes, monocyte adhesion and migration, as well as with foam cell formation and vascular calcification progression. Sclerostin is a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and, accordingly, the consequence of increased sclerostin availability can be disruption of the Wnt signalling cascade. Sclerostin is becoming a marker for clinical and subclinical vascular diseases and several lines of evidence illustrate its role in the pathophysiology of the vascular system. Sclerostin levels increase with aging and persist higher in some diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease) that are known to precipitate atherosclerosis and enhance cardiovascular risk. Current knowledge on the association between sclerostin and vascular diseases is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.B.); (N.M.); (F.C.)
- A.O.U. Policlinico “G.Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3946; Fax: +39-090-221-7176
| | - Federica Bellone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.B.); (N.M.); (F.C.)
- A.O.U. Policlinico “G.Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziata Morabito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.B.); (N.M.); (F.C.)
- A.O.U. Policlinico “G.Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Corica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.B.); (N.M.); (F.C.)
- A.O.U. Policlinico “G.Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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13
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Fernandes V, Sharma D, Vaidya S, P A S, Guan Y, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neuropathic pain: recent advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:131-142. [PMID: 29285962 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1420781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current pharmacotherapeutics for neuropathic pain offer only symptomatic relief without treating the underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, they are associated with various dose-limiting side effects. Pain research in the past few decades has revolved around the role of oxidative-nitrosative stress, protein kinases, glial cell activation, and inflammatory signaling cascades but has failed to produce specific and effective therapies. Areas covered: This review focuses on recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain that may be translated into future therapies. We discuss emerging targets such as WNT signaling mechanisms, the tetrahydrobiopterin pathway, Mrg receptors, endogenous lipid mediators, micro-RNAs and their roles in pain regulation. Recent evidence is also presented regarding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of pain modulation. Expert opinion: During chronic neuropathic pain, maladaptation occurs in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including a shift in microglial phenotype from a surveillance state to an activated state. Microglial activation leads to an altered expression of cell surface proteins, growth factors, and intracellular signaling molecules that contribute to development of a neuroinflammatory cascade and chronic pain sensitization. Specific targeting of these cellular and molecular mechanisms may provide the key to development of effective neuropathic pain therapies that have minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Fernandes
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shivani Vaidya
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Shantanu P A
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Yun Guan
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , India.,b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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14
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Pfister AS, Kühl M. Of Wnts and Ribosomes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:131-155. [PMID: 29389514 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins that activate different intracellular signal transduction pathways. They regulate cell proliferation and are required for proper embryonic development. Misregulation of Wnt signaling can result in various diseases including cancer. In most circumstances, cell growth is essential for cell division and thus cell proliferation. Therefore, several reports have highlighted the key role of Wnt proteins for cell growth. Ribosomes represent the cellular protein synthesis machinery and cells need to be equipped with an appropriate number of ribosomes to allow cell growth. Recent findings suggest a role for Wnt proteins in regulating ribosome biogenesis and we here summarize these findings representing a previously unknown function of Wnt proteins. Understanding this role of Wnt signaling might open new avenues to slow down proliferation by drugs for instance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Sträng JE, Schuler R, Kühl M, Kestler HA. Switch-like behavior enables Wnt11 concentration specific response during dorso-ventral axis formation in Xenopus laevis. J Theor Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Pre-45s rRNA promotes colon cancer and is associated with poor survival of CRC patients. Oncogene 2017; 36:6109-6118. [PMID: 28692053 PMCID: PMC5671943 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One characteristic of cancer cells is the abnormally high rate of cell metabolism to sustain their enhanced proliferation. However, the behind mechanism of this phenomenon is still elusive. Here we find that enhanced precursor 45s ribosomal RNA (pre-45s rRNA) is one of the core mechanisms in promoting the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Pre-45s rRNA expression is significantly higher in primary CRC tumor tissues samples and cancer cell lines compared with the non-tumorous colon tissues, and is associated with tumor sizes. Knockdown of pre-45s rRNA inhibits G1/S cell-cycle transition by stabilizing p53 through inducing murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and ribosomal protein L11 (RpL11) interaction. In addition, we revealed that high rate of cancer cell metabolism triggers the passive release of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm. The elevated calcium ion in the cytoplasm activates the signaling cascade of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and ribosomal S6K (CaMKII-S6K-UBF). The activated UBF promotes the transcription of rDNA, which therefore increases pre-45s rRNA. Disruption of CaMKII-S6K-UBF axis by either RNAi or pharmaceutical approaches leads to reduction of pre-45s rRNA expression, which subsequently suppresses cell proliferation in colon cancer cells by causing cell-cycle arrest. Knockdown of APC activates CaMKII-S6K-UBF cascade and thus enhances pre-45s rRNA expression. Moreover, the high expression level of pre-45s rRNA is associated with poor survival of CRC patients in two independent cohorts. Our study identifies a novel mechanism in CRC pathogenesis mediated by pre-45s rRNA and a prognostic factor of pre-45s rRNA in CRC patients.
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17
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Gaskill C, Marriott S, Pratap S, Menon S, Hedges LK, Fessel JP, Kropski JA, Ames D, Wheeler L, Loyd JE, Hemnes AR, Roop DR, Klemm DJ, Austin ED, Majka SM. Shared gene expression patterns in mesenchymal progenitors derived from lung and epidermis in pulmonary arterial hypertension: identifying key pathways in pulmonary vascular disease. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:483-497. [PMID: 28090290 PMCID: PMC5210051 DOI: 10.1086/688314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid access to lung-derived cells from stable subjects is a major challenge in the pulmonary hypertension field, given the relative contraindication of lung biopsy. In these studies, we sought to demonstrate the importance of evaluating a cell type that actively participates in disease processes, as well as the potential to translate these findings to vascular beds in other nonlung tissues, in this instance perivascular skin mesenchymal cells (MCs). We utilized posttransplant or autopsy lung explant-derived cells (ABCG2-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells [MPCs], fibroblasts) and skin-derived MCs to test the hypothesis that perivascular ABCG2 MPCs derived from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patient lung and skin would express a gene profile reflective of ongoing vascular dysfunction. By analyzing the genetic signatures and pathways associated with abnormal ABCG2 lung MPC phenotypes during PAH and evaluating them in lung- and skin-derived MCs, we have identified potential predictor genes for detection of PAH as well as a targetable mechanism to restore MPCs and microvascular function. These studies are the first to explore the utility of expanding the study of ABCG2 MPC regulation of the pulmonary microvasculature to the epidermis, in order to identify potential markers for adult lung vascular disease, such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Gaskill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shennea Marriott
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sidd Pratap
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, Kochi; and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Lora K. Hedges
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua P. Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - DeWayne Ames
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Loyd
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna R. Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Department of Dermatology; and Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Wnt/Ryk signaling contributes to neuropathic pain by regulating sensory neuron excitability and spinal synaptic plasticity in rats. Pain 2015; 156:2572-2584. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Song JL, Nigam P, Tektas SS, Selva E. microRNA regulation of Wnt signaling pathways in development and disease. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1380-91. [PMID: 25843779 PMCID: PMC4437805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of development. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathways and miRNA levels lead to developmental defects and diverse human pathologies including but not limited to cancer. Wnt signaling pathways regulate a plethora of cellular processes during embryonic development and maintain homeostasis of adult tissues. A majority of Wnt signaling components are regulated by miRNAs which are small noncoding RNAs that are expressed in both animals and plants. In animal cells, miRNAs fine tune gene expression by pairing primarily to the 3'untranslated region of protein coding mRNAs to repress target mRNA translation and/or induce target degradation. miRNA-mediated regulation of signaling transduction pathways is important in modulating dose-sensitive response of cells to signaling molecules. This review discusses components of the Wnt signaling pathways that are regulated by miRNAs in the context of development and diseases. A fundamental understanding of miRNA functions in Wnt signaling transduction pathways may yield new insight into crosstalks of regulatory mechanisms essential for development and disease pathophysiology leading to novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Priya Nigam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Senel S Tektas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Erica Selva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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20
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Sherwood JC, Bertrand J, Eldridge SE, Dell'Accio F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cartilage damage and repair. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1172-7. [PMID: 24880104 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage breakdown is the disabling outcome of rheumatic diseases, whether prevalently inflammatory such as rheumatoid arthritis or prevalently mechanical such as osteoarthritis (OA). Despite the differences between immune-mediated arthritides and OA, common mechanisms drive cartilage breakdown. Inflammation, chondrocyte phenotype and homeostatic mechanisms have recently been the focus of research and will be summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Sherwood
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK.
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21
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Barthold JS, Wang Y, Robbins A, Pike J, McDowell E, Johnson KJ, McCahan SM. Transcriptome analysis of the dihydrotestosterone-exposed fetal rat gubernaculum identifies common androgen and insulin-like 3 targets. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:143. [PMID: 24174575 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) are required for development of the fetal gubernaculum and testicular descent. Previous studies suggested that the INSL3-exposed fetal gubernacular transcriptome is enriched for genes involved in neural pathways. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of fetal gubernaculum explants exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and compared this response to that with INSL3. We exposed fetal (Embryonic Day 17) rat gubernacula to DHT for 24 h (10 and 30 nM) or 6 h (1 and 10 nM) in organ culture and analyzed gene expression relative to that of vehicle-treated controls using Affymetrix arrays. Results were annotated using functional, pathway, and promoter analyses and independently validated for selected transcripts using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcripts were differentially expressed after 24 h but not 6 h. Most highly overrepresented functional categories included those related to gene expression, skeletal and muscular development and function, and Wnt signaling. Promoter response elements enriched in the DHT-specific transcriptome included consensus sequences for c-ETS1, ELK1, CREB, CRE-BP1/c-June, NRF2, and USF. We observed that 55% of DHT probe sets were also differentially expressed after INSL3 exposure and that the direction of change was the same in 96%. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that DHT increased expression of the INSL3-responsive genes Crlf1 and Chrdl2 but reduced expression of Wnt4. We also validated reduced Tgfb2 and Cxcl12 and increased Slit3 expression following DHT exposure. These data suggest a robust overlap in the DHT- and INSL3-regulated transcriptome that may be mediated in part by CREB signaling and a common Wnt pathway response for both hormones in the fetal gubernaculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Barthold
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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22
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23
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Zhang YK, Huang ZJ, Liu S, Liu YP, Song AA, Song XJ. WNT signaling underlies the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in rodents. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2268-86. [PMID: 23585476 DOI: 10.1172/jci65364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating neuropathic pain is a major clinical challenge, and the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain remain elusive. We hypothesized that neuropathic pain-inducing nerve injury may elicit neuronal alterations that recapitulate events that occur during development. Here, we report that WNT signaling, which is important in developmental processes of the nervous system, plays a critical role in neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve injury and bone cancer in rodents. Nerve injury and bone cancer caused a rapid-onset and long-lasting expression of WNTs, as well as activation of WNT/frizzled/β-catenin signaling in the primary sensory neurons, the spinal dorsal horn neurons, and astrocytes. Spinal blockade of WNT signaling pathways inhibited the production and persistence of neuropathic pain and the accompanying neurochemical alterations without affecting normal pain sensitivity and locomotor activity. WNT signaling activation stimulated production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and TNF-α and regulated the NR2B glutamate receptor and Ca2+-dependent signals through the β-catenin pathway in the spinal cord. These findings indicate a critical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and suggest that targeting the WNT signaling pathway may be an effective approach for treating neuropathic pain, including bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Parker University Research Institute, Dallas, Texas 75229, USA
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24
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Dwivedi PP, Lam N, Powell BC. Boning up on glypicans-opportunities for new insights into bone biology. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:91-114. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Lam
- Craniofacial Research Group; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute; North Adelaide; South Australia; Australia
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25
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Köthe A, Marciniak-Czochra A. Multistability and Hysteresis-Based Mechanism of Pattern Formation in Biology. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN MATHEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20164-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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High-affinity Dkk1 receptor Kremen1 is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52190. [PMID: 23251700 PMCID: PMC3522622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kremens are high-affinity receptors for Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) and regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by down-regulating the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Dkk1 competes with Wnt for binding to LRP6; binding of Dkk1 inhibits canonical signaling through formation of a ternary complex with Kremen. The majority of down-regulated clathrin-mediated endocytic receptors contain short conserved regions that recognize tyrosine or dileucine sorting motifs. In this study, we found that Kremen1 is internalized from the cell surface in a clathrin-dependent manner. Kremen1 contains an atypical dileucine motif with the sequence DXXXLV. Mutation of LV to AA in this motif blocked Kremen1 internalization; as reported previously for other proteins, the aspartic acid residue in Kremen1 is not critical. Inhibition of expression of the adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) or inhibition of clathrin by pitstop 2 also blocked Kremen1 internalization. The novel amino acid sequence identified in Kremen1 is similar to the motif previously identified in hydra, yeast, and other organisms known to signal from the trans-Golgi network to the endosomal compartment.
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27
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Marinou K, Christodoulides C, Antoniades C, Koutsilieris M. Wnt signaling in cardiovascular physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:628-36. [PMID: 22902904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways play a key role in cardiac development, angiogenesis, and cardiac hypertrophy; emerging evidence suggests that they are also involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Specifically, an important role for Wnts has been described in the regulation of endothelial inflammation, vascular calcification, and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Wnt signaling also induces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and is crucial for the regulation of vascular smooth-muscle cell (VSMC) behavior. We discuss how the Wnt pathways are implicated in vascular biology and outline the role of Wnt signaling in atherosclerosis. Dissecting Wnt pathways involved in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease may provide crucial insights into novel mechanisms with therapeutic potential for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Marinou
- Department of Physiology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Herrmann F, Groß A, Zhou D, Kestler HA, Kühl M. A boolean model of the cardiac gene regulatory network determining first and second heart field identity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46798. [PMID: 23056457 PMCID: PMC3462786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of distinct cardiac progenitor cell populations can be identified during early heart development: the first heart field (FHF) and second heart field (SHF) lineage that later form the mature heart. They can be characterized by differential expression of transcription and signaling factors. These regulatory factors influence each other forming a gene regulatory network. Here, we present a core gene regulatory network for early cardiac development based on published temporal and spatial expression data of genes and their interactions. This gene regulatory network was implemented in a Boolean computational model. Simulations reveal stable states within the network model, which correspond to the regulatory states of the FHF and the SHF lineages. Furthermore, we are able to reproduce the expected temporal expression patterns of early cardiac factors mimicking developmental progression. Additionally, simulations of knock-down experiments within our model resemble published phenotypes of mutant mice. Consequently, this gene regulatory network retraces the early steps and requirements of cardiogenic mesoderm determination in a way appropriate to enhance the understanding of heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Herrmann
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute for Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Groß
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute for Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dao Zhou
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute for Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute for Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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