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Colleselli K, Ebeyer-Masotta M, Neuditschko B, Stierschneider A, Pollhammer C, Potocnjak M, Hundsberger H, Herzog F, Wiesner C. Beyond Pattern Recognition: TLR2 Promotes Chemotaxis, Cell Adhesion, and Migration in THP-1 Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1425. [PMID: 37408259 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells in inflammation is central to chemoattraction, adhesion, and transendothelial migration. Key players, such as selectins and their ligands, integrins, and other adhesion molecules, and their functions in these processes are well studied. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), expressed in monocytes, is critical for sensing invading pathogens and initiating a rapid and effective immune response. However, the extended role of TLR2 in monocyte adhesion and migration has only been partially elucidated. To address this question, we performed several functional cell-based assays using monocyte-like wild type (WT), TLR2 knock-out (KO), and TLR2 knock-in (KI) THP-1 cells. We found that TLR2 promotes the faster and stronger adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium and a more intense endothelial barrier disruption after endothelial activation. In addition, we performed quantitative mass spectrometry, STRING protein analysis, and RT-qPCR, which not only revealed the association of TLR2 with specific integrins but also uncovered novel proteins affected by TLR2. In conclusion, we show that unstimulated TLR2 influences cell adhesion, endothelial barrier disruption, migration, and actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Colleselli
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Institute Krems Bioanalytics, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Anna Stierschneider
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Christopher Pollhammer
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Mia Potocnjak
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Franz Herzog
- Institute Krems Bioanalytics, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Christoph Wiesner
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
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2
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Vining KH, Marneth AE, Adu-Berchie K, Grolman JM, Tringides CM, Liu Y, Wong WJ, Pozdnyakova O, Severgnini M, Stafford A, Duda GN, Hodi FS, Mullally A, Wucherpfennig KW, Mooney DJ. Mechanical checkpoint regulates monocyte differentiation in fibrotic niches. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:939-950. [PMID: 35817965 PMCID: PMC10197159 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a progressive bone marrow malignancy associated with monocytosis, and is believed to promote the pathological remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Here we show that the mechanical properties of myelofibrosis, namely the liquid-to-solid properties (viscoelasticity) of the bone marrow, contribute to aberrant differentiation of monocytes. Human monocytes cultured in stiff, elastic hydrogels show proinflammatory polarization and differentiation towards dendritic cells, as opposed to those cultured in a viscoelastic matrix. This mechanically induced cell differentiation is blocked by inhibiting a myeloid-specific isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PI3K-γ. We further show that murine bone marrow with myelofibrosis has a significantly increased stiffness and unveil a positive correlation between myelofibrosis grading and viscoelasticity. Treatment with a PI3K-γ inhibitor in vivo reduced frequencies of monocyte and dendritic cell populations in murine bone marrow with myelofibrosis. Moreover, transcriptional changes driven by viscoelasticity are consistent with transcriptional profiles of myeloid cells in other human fibrotic diseases. These results demonstrate that a fibrotic bone marrow niche can physically promote a proinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Vining
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna E Marneth
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Grolman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Waihay J Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology Immune Assessment Laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg N Duda
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration at Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Xu R, Du S. Overexpression of Lifeact-GFP Disrupts F-Actin Organization in Cardiomyocytes and Impairs Cardiac Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:746818. [PMID: 34765602 PMCID: PMC8576398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.746818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifeact-GFP is a frequently used molecular probe to study F-actin structure and dynamic assembly in living cells. In this study, we generated transgenic zebrafish models expressing Lifeact-GFP specifically in cardiac muscles to investigate the effect of Lifeact-GFP on heart development and its application to study cardiomyopathy. The data showed that transgenic zebrafish with low to moderate levels of Lifeact-GFP expression could be used as a good model to study contractile dynamics of actin filaments in cardiac muscles in vivo. Using this model, we demonstrated that loss of Smyd1b, a lysine methyltransferase, disrupted F-actin filament organization in cardiomyocytes of zebrafish embryos. Our studies, however, also demonstrated that strong Lifeact-GFP expression in cardiomyocytes was detrimental to actin filament organization in cardiomyocytes that led to pericardial edema and early embryonic lethality of zebrafish embryos. Collectively, these data suggest that although Lifeact-GFP is a good probe for visualizing F-actin dynamics, transgenic models need to be carefully evaluated to avoid artifacts induced by Lifeact-GFP overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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4
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Kihara T, Matsumoto T, Nakahashi Y, Tachibana K. Mechanical stiffness softening and cell adhesion are coordinately regulated by ERM dephosphorylation in KG-1 cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1709-1716. [PMID: 34312810 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stiffness is closely related to cell adhesion and rounding in some cells. In leukocytes, dephosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins is linked to cell adhesion events. To elucidate the relationship between surface stiffness, cell adhesion, and ERM dephosphorylation in leukocytes, we examined the relationship in the myelogenous leukemia line, KG-1, by treatment with modulation drugs. KG-1 cells have ring-shaped cortical actin with microvilli as the only F-actin cytoskeleton, and the actin structure constructs the mechanical stiffness of the cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and staurosporine, which induced cell adhesion to fibronectin surface and ERM dephosphorylation, caused a decrease in surface stiffness in KG-1 cells. Calyculin A, which inhibited ERM dephosphorylation and had no effect on cell adhesion, did not affect surface stiffness. To clarify whether decreasing cell surface stiffness and inducing cell adhesion are equivalent, we examined KG-1 cell adhesion by treatment with actin-attenuated cell softening reagents. Cytochalasin D clearly diminished cell adhesion, and high concentrations of Y27632 slightly induced cell adhesion. Only Y27632 slightly decreased ERM phosphorylation in KG-1 cells. Thus, decreasing cell surface stiffness and inducing cell adhesion are not equivalent, but these phenomena are coordinately regulated by ERM dephosphorylation in KG-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kihara
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Teru Matsumoto
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahashi
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tachibana
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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5
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Tracz J, Handschuh L, Lalowski M, Marczak Ł, Kostka-Jeziorny K, Perek B, Wanic-Kossowska M, Podkowińska A, Tykarski A, Formanowicz D, Luczak M. Proteomic Profiling of Leukocytes Reveals Dysregulation of Adhesion and Integrin Proteins in Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Atherosclerosis. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3053-3067. [PMID: 33939431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A progressive loss of functional nephrons defines chronic kidney disease (CKD). Complications related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the principal causes of mortality in CKD; however, the acceleration of CVD in CKD remains unresolved. Our study used a complementary proteomic approach to assess mild and advanced CKD patients with different atherosclerosis stages and two groups of patients with different classical CVD progression but without renal dysfunction. We utilized a label-free approach based on LC-MS/MS and functional bioinformatic analyses to profile CKD and CVD leukocyte proteins. We revealed dysregulation of proteins involved in different phases of leukocytes' diapedesis process that is very pronounced in CKD's advanced stage. We also showed an upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins in CKD as compared to CVD. The differential abundance of selected proteins was validated by multiple reaction monitoring, ELISA, Western blotting, and at the mRNA level by ddPCR. An increased rate of apoptosis was then functionally confirmed on the cellular level. Hence, we suggest that the disturbances in leukocyte extravasation proteins may alter cell integrity and trigger cell death, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and microscopy analyses. Our proteomics data set has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE repository with the data set identifier PXD018596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tracz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Luiza Handschuh
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.,Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kostka-Jeziorny
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Disease, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Wanic-Kossowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alina Podkowińska
- Dialysis Station Dravis sp. z o.o., Dojazd 34, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Disease, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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7
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Onken MD, Blumer KJ, Cooper JA. Uveal melanoma cells use ameboid and mesenchymal mechanisms of cell motility crossing the endothelium. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:413-421. [PMID: 33405963 PMCID: PMC8098856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanomas (UMs) are malignant cancers arising from the pigmented layers of the eye. UM cells spread through the bloodstream, and circulating UM cells are detectable in patients before metastases appear. Extravasation of UM cells is necessary for formation of metastases, and transendothelial migration (TEM) is a key step in extravasation. UM cells execute TEM via a stepwise process involving the actin-based processes of ameboid blebbing and mesenchymal lamellipodial protrusion. UM cancers are driven by oncogenic mutations that activate Gαq/11, and this activates TRIO, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1. We found that pharmacologic inhibition of Gαq/11 in UM cells reduced TEM. Inhibition of the RhoA pathway blocked amoeboid motility but led to enhanced TEM; in contrast, inhibition of the Rac1 pathway decreased mesenchymal motility and reduced TEM. Inhibition of Arp2/3 complex allowed cells to transmigrate without intercalation, a direct mechanism similar to the one often displayed by immune cells. BAP1-deficient (+/–) UM subclones displayed motility behavior and increased levels of TEM, similar to the effects of RhoA inhibitors. We conclude that RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways, downstream of oncogenic Gαq/11, combine with pathways regulated by BAP1 to control the motility and transmigration of UM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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8
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Du Y, Montoya C, Orrego S, Wei X, Ling J, Lelkes PI, Yang M. Topographic cues of a novel bilayered scaffold modulate dental pulp stem cells differentiation by regulating YAP signalling through cytoskeleton adjustments. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12676. [PMID: 31424140 PMCID: PMC6869304 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Topographic cues can modulate morphology and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. This study aimed to determine how topographic cues of a novel bilayered poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold affect osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods The surface morphology of the scaffolds was visualized by scanning electron microscope, and the surface roughness was measured by profilometry. DPSCs were cultured on each side of the scaffolds. Cell morphology, expression of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation were analysed by immunohistochemistry, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, cytochalasin D (CytoD), an F‐actin disruptor, was used to examine the effects of F‐actin on intracellular YAP localisation. Verteporfin, a YAP transcriptional inhibitor, was used to explore the effects of YAP signalling on osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Results The closed side of our scaffold showed smaller pores and less roughness than the open side. On the closed side, DPSCs exhibited enhanced F‐actin stress fibre alignment, larger spreading area, more elongated appearance, predominant nuclear YAP localization and spontaneous osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of F‐actin alignments was correlated with nuclear YAP exclusion of DPSCs. Verteporfin restricted YAP localisation to the cytoplasm, down‐regulated expression of early osteogenic/odontogenic markers and inhibited mineralization of DPSCs cultures. Conclusions The surface topographic cues changed F‐actin alignment and morphology of DPSCs, which in turn regulated YAP signalling to control osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Regenerative Health Research Laboratory, Department of Endodontology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolina Montoya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Regenerative Health Research Laboratory, Department of Endodontology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maobin Yang
- Regenerative Health Research Laboratory, Department of Endodontology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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9
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Regulation of cell migration by α4 and α9 integrins. Biochem J 2019; 476:705-718. [PMID: 30819933 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play an essential role in enabling cells to sense and bind to extracellular ligands. Activation and clustering of integrins leads to the formation of focal adhesions at the plasma membrane that subsequently initiate signalling pathways to control a broad range of functional endpoints including cell migration, proliferation and survival. The α4 and α9 integrins form a small sub-family of receptors that share some specific ligands and binding partners. Although relatively poorly studied compared with other integrin family members, emerging evidence suggests that despite restricted cell and tissue expression profiles, these integrins play a key role in the regulation of signalling pathways controlling cytoskeletal remodelling and migration in both adherent and non-adherent cell types. This review summarises the known shared and specific roles for α4 and α9 integrins and highlights the importance of these receptors in controlling cell migration within both homeostatic and disease settings.
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10
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Ivanusic D, Madela K, Denner J. Easy and low-cost stable positioning of suspension cells during live-cell imaging. J Biol Methods 2017; 4:e80. [PMID: 31453234 PMCID: PMC6706139 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic processes of cells can be best monitored when living cells are analyzed by imaging. While it is easy to observe adherent living cells it has been extremely challenging to analyze suspension cells. This cell type floats freely in the culture dish, and it is only a question of time when the focus or the observation field is lost. In order to keep the cells in focus, an easy and inexpensive method allowing the observation of living suspension cells during confocal laser scanning microscope imaging was developed.
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11
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Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, Zdunek K, Chodun R, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7241-7254. [PMID: 29042773 PMCID: PMC5634373 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma is one of the most significant problems regarding the treatment of this tumor. Diamond nanoparticles (ND), graphite nanoparticles (NG), and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) have been explored for their biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. The objective of this research was to assess changes in the adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U118, after ND, NG, and nGO treatment. All treatments affected the cell surface structure, adhesion-dependent EGFR/AKT/mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, decreasing the migration and invasiveness of both glioblastoma cell lines. The examined nanoparticles did not show strong toxicity but effectively deregulated cell migration. ND was effectively taken up by cells, whereas nGO and NG strongly interacted with the cell surface. These results indicate that nanoparticles could be used in biomedical applications as a low toxicity active compound for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | | | - Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
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12
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Abstract
During an innate immune response, myeloid cells undergo complex morphological adaptations in response to inflammatory cues, which allow them to exit the vasculature, enter the tissues, and destroy invading pathogens. The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are central to many of the most essential cellular functions including cell division, cell morphology, migration, intracellular trafficking, and signaling. Cytoskeletal structure and regulation are crucial for many myeloid cell functions, which require rapid and dynamic responses to extracellular signals. In this chapter, we review the roles of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in myeloid cells, focusing primarily on their roles in chemotaxis and phagocytosis. The role of myeloid cell cytoskeletal defects in hematological disorders is highlighted throughout.
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13
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Abstract
Actin functions in a multitude of cellular processes owing to its ability to polymerize into filaments, which can be further organized into higher-order structures by an array of actin-binding and regulatory proteins. Therefore, research on actin and actin-related functions relies on the visualization of actin structures without interfering with the cycles of actin polymerization and depolymerization that underlie cellular actin dynamics. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we briefly evaluate the different techniques and approaches currently applied to analyze and visualize cellular actin structures, including in the nuclear compartment. Referring to the gold standard F-actin marker phalloidin to stain actin in fixed samples and tissues, we highlight methods for visualization of actin in living cells, which mostly apply the principle of genetically fusing fluorescent proteins to different actin-binding domains, such as LifeAct, utrophin and F-tractin, as well as anti-actin-nanobody technology. In addition, the compound SiR-actin and the expression of GFP-actin are also applicable for various types of live-cell analyses. Overall, the visualization of actin within a physiological context requires a careful choice of method, as well as a tight control of the amount or the expression level of a given detection probe in order to minimize its influence on endogenous actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Matthias Plessner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35043, Germany
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14
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Basu R, Huse M. Mechanical Communication at the Immunological Synapse. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:241-254. [PMID: 27986534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes communicate by forming immunological synapses with antigen-presenting target cells. These highly dynamic contacts are characterized by continuous cytoskeletal remodeling events, which not only structure the interface but also exert a considerable amount of mechanical force. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that synaptic forces influence information transfer both into and out of the lymphocyte. Here, we review our current understanding of synapse mechanics, focusing on its role as an avenue for intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Basu
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Marki A, Gutierrez E, Mikulski Z, Groisman A, Ley K. Microfluidics-based side view flow chamber reveals tether-to-sling transition in rolling neutrophils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28870. [PMID: 27357741 PMCID: PMC4928115 DOI: 10.1038/srep28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress (above 6 dyn/cm2) form tethers in the rear and slings in the front. Here, we developed a novel photo-lithographically fabricated, silicone(PDMS)-based side-view flow chamber to dynamically visualize tether and sling formation. Fluorescently membrane-labeled mouse neutrophils rolled on P-selectin substrate at 10 dyn/cm2. Most rolling cells formed 5 tethers that were 2–30 μm long. Breaking of a single tether caused a reproducible forward microjump of the cell, showing that the tether was load-bearing. About 15% of all tether-breaking events resulted in slings. The tether-to-sling transition was fast (<100 ms) with no visible material extending above the rolling cell, suggesting a very low bending modulus of the tether. The sling downstream of the rolling cell aligned according to the streamlines before landing on the flow chamber. These new observations explain how slings form from tethers and provide insight into their biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Foster GA, Xu L, Chidambaram AA, Soderberg SR, Armstrong EJ, Wu H, Simon SI. CD11c/CD18 Signals Very Late Antigen-4 Activation To Initiate Foamy Monocyte Recruitment during the Onset of Hypercholesterolemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5380-92. [PMID: 26519532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of foamy monocytes to inflamed endothelium expressing VCAM-1 contributes to the development of plaque during atherogenesis. Foamy CD11c(+) monocytes arise in the circulation during the onset of hypercholesterolemia and recruit to nascent plaque, but the mechanism of CD11c/CD18 and very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) activation and cooperation in shear-resistant cell arrest on VCAM-1 are ill defined. Within 1 wk of the onset of a Western high-fat diet (WD) in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, an inflammatory subset of foamy monocytes emerged that made up one fourth of the circulating population. These cells expressed ∼3-fold more CD11c/CD18 and 50% higher chemokine receptors than nonfoamy monocytes. Recruitment from blood to a VCAM-1 substrate under shear stress was assessed ex vivo using a unique artery-on-a-chip microfluidic assay. It revealed that foamy monocytes from mice on a WD increased their adhesiveness over 5 wk, rising to twice that of mice on a normal diet or CD11c(-/-) mice fed a WD. Shear-resistant capture of foamy human or mouse monocytes was initiated by high-affinity CD11c, which directly activated VLA-4 adhesion via phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase and paxillin within focal adhesion complexes. Lipid uptake and activation of CD11c are early and critical events in signaling VLA-4 adhesive function on foamy monocytes competent to recruit to VCAM-1 on inflamed arterial endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Lu Xu
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alagu A Chidambaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephanie R Soderberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ehrin J Armstrong
- Division of Cardiology, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80220; and
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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17
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Mukovozov I, Huang YW, Zhang Q, Liu GY, Siu A, Sokolskyy Y, Patel S, Hyduk SJ, Kutryk MJB, Cybulsky MI, Robinson LA. The Neurorepellent Slit2 Inhibits Postadhesion Stabilization of Monocytes Tethered to Vascular Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:3334-44. [PMID: 26297762 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The secreted neurorepellent Slit2, acting through its transmembrane receptor, Roundabout (Robo)-1, inhibits chemotaxis of varied cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, toward diverse attractants. The role of Slit2 in regulating the steps involved in recruitment of monocytes in vascular inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we showed that Slit2 inhibited adhesion of monocytic cells to activated human endothelial cells, as well as to immobilized ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Microfluidic live cell imaging showed that Slit2 inhibited the ability of monocytes tethered to endothelial cells to stabilize their actin-associated anchors and to resist detachment in response to increasing shear forces. Transfection of constitutively active plasmids revealed that Slit2 inhibited postadhesion stabilization of monocytes on endothelial cells by preventing activation of Rac1. We further found that Slit2 inhibited chemotaxis of monocytes toward CXCL12 and CCL2. To determine whether Slit2 and Robo-1 modulate pathologic monocyte recruitment associated with vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease, we tested PBMC from patients with coronary artery disease. PBMC from these patients had reduced surface levels of Robo-1 compared with healthy age- and sex-matched subjects, and Slit2 failed to inhibit chemotaxis of PBMC of affected patients, but not healthy control subjects, toward CCL2. Furthermore, administration of Slit2 to atherosclerosis-prone LDL receptor-deficient mice inhibited monocyte recruitment to nascent atherosclerotic lesions. These results demonstrate that Slit2 inhibits chemotaxis of monocytes, as well as their ability to stabilize adhesions and resist detachment forces. Slit2 may represent a powerful new tool to inhibit pathologic monocyte recruitment in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Mukovozov
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Qiuwang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; and
| | - Guang Ying Liu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan Siu
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Yaroslav Sokolskyy
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael J B Kutryk
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; and
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;
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18
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L-selectin shedding is activated specifically within transmigrating pseudopods of monocytes to regulate cell polarity in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1461-70. [PMID: 25775539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that tethers free-flowing leukocytes from the blood to luminal vessel walls, facilitating the initial stages of their emigration from the circulation toward an extravascular inflammatory insult. Following shear-resistant adhesion to the vessel wall, L-selectin has frequently been reported to be rapidly cleaved from the plasma membrane (known as ectodomain shedding), with little knowledge of the timing or functional consequence of this event. Using advanced imaging techniques, we observe L-selectin shedding occurring exclusively as primary human monocytes actively engage in transendothelial migration (TEM). Moreover, the shedding was localized to transmigrating pseudopods within the subendothelial space. By capturing monocytes in midtransmigration, we could monitor the subcellular distribution of L-selectin and better understand how ectodomain shedding might contribute to TEM. Mechanistically, L-selectin loses association with calmodulin (CaM; a negative regulator of shedding) specifically within transmigrating pseudopods. In contrast, L-selectin/CaM interaction remained intact in nontransmigrated regions of monocytes. We show phosphorylation of L-selectin at Ser 364 is critical for CaM dissociation, which is also restricted to the transmigrating pseudopod. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of L-selectin shedding significantly increased pseudopodial extensions in transmigrating monocytes, which potentiated invasive behavior during TEM and prevented the establishment of front/back polarity for directional migration persistence once TEM was complete. We conclude that L-selectin shedding directly regulates polarity in transmigrated monocytes, which affirms an active role for this molecule in driving later stages of the multistep adhesion cascade.
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19
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Dehoux T, Abi Ghanem M, Zouani OF, Ducousso M, Chigarev N, Rossignol C, Tsapis N, Durrieu MC, Audoin B. Probing single-cell mechanics with picosecond ultrasonics. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:160-71. [PMID: 25172112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells play a key role in several fundamental biological processes, such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. The complexity of the inner cell composition and the intricate meshwork formed by transmembrane cell-substrate interactions demands a non-invasive technique to probe cell mechanics and cell adhesion at a subcell scale. In this paper we review the use of laser-generated GHz acoustic waves--a technique called picosecond ultrasonics (PU)--to probe the mechanical properties of single cells. We first describe applications to vegetal cells and biomimetic systems. We show how these systems can be used as simple models to understand more complex animal cells. We then present an opto-acoustic bio-transducer designed for in vivo measurements in physiological conditions. We illustrate the use of this transducer through the simultaneous probing of the density and compressibility of Allium cepa cells. Finally, we demonstrate that this technique can quantify animal-cell adhesion on metallic surfaces by analyzing the acoustic pulses reflected off the cell-metal interface. This innovative approach allows investigating quantitatively cell mechanics without fluorescent labels or mechanical contact to the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dehoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Maroun Abi Ghanem
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Omar F Zouani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Mathieu Ducousso
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Nikolay Chigarev
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Clément Rossignol
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Physicochimie-Pharmacotechnie-Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Bertrand Audoin
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France.
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20
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Brown WS, Khalili JS, Rodriguez-Cruz TG, Lizee G, McIntyre BW. B-Raf regulation of integrin α4β1-mediated resistance to shear stress through changes in cell spreading and cytoskeletal association in T cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23141-23153. [PMID: 24936068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.562918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion is of vital importance to adaptive and innate immunity. Integrins are versatile proteins and mediate T cell migration and trafficking by binding to extracellular matrix or other cells as well as initiating intracellular signaling cascades promoting survival or activation. The MAPK pathway is known to be downstream from integrins and to regulate survival, differentiation, and motility. However, secondary roles for canonical MAPK pathway members are being discovered. We show that chemical inhibition of RAF by sorafenib or shRNA-mediated knockdown of B-Raf reduces T cell resistance to shear stress to α4β1 integrin ligands vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and fibronectin, whereas inhibition of MEK/ERK by U0126 had no effect. Microscopy showed that RAF inhibition leads to significant inhibition of T cell spreading on VCAM-1. The association of α4β1 integrin with the actin cytoskeleton was shown to be dependent on B-Raf activity or expression, whereas α4β1 integrin affinity for soluble VCAM-1 was not. These effects were shown to be specific for α4β1 integrin and not other integrins, such as α5β1 or LFA-1, or a variety of membrane proteins. We demonstrate a novel role for B-Raf in the selective regulation of α4β1 integrin-mediated adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells S Brown
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Jahan S Khalili
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tania G Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Greg Lizee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bradley W McIntyre
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and.
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21
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Chinnadurai R, Garcia M, Sakurai Y, Lam W, Kirk A, Galipeau J, Copland I. Actin cytoskeletal disruption following cryopreservation alters the biodistribution of human mesenchymal stromal cells in vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:60-72. [PMID: 25068122 PMCID: PMC4110775 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have shown clinical promise; however, variations in treatment responses are an ongoing concern. We previously demonstrated that MSCs are functionally stunned after thawing. Here, we investigated whether this cryopreservation/thawing defect also impacts the postinfusion biodistribution properties of MSCs. Under both static and physiologic flow, compared with live MSCs in active culture, MSCs thawed from cryopreservation bound poorly to fibronectin (40% reduction) and human endothelial cells (80% reduction), respectively. This reduction correlated with a reduced cytoskeletal F-actin content in post-thaw MSCs (60% reduction). In vivo, live human MSCs could be detected in murine lung tissues for up to 24 hr, whereas thawed MSCs were undetectable. Similarly, live MSCs whose actin cytoskeleton was chemically disrupted were undetectable at 24 hr postinfusion. Our data suggest that post-thaw cryopreserved MSCs are distinct from live MSCs. This distinction could significantly affect the utility of MSCs as a cellular therapeutic. Immediately after thawing, MSCs display attenuated binding and engraftment potential Immediately after thawing, MSCs display defective actin polymerization Disrupting actin cytoskeleton in MSCs replicates post-thaw MSC engraftment defect A 48 hr culture recovery of MSCs post-thaw restores in vivo engraftment potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ian B. Copland
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Corresponding author
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22
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Abi Ghanem M, Dehoux T, Zouani OF, Gadalla A, Durrieu MC, Audoin B. Remote opto-acoustic probing of single-cell adhesion on metallic surfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:453-459. [PMID: 24132947 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The reflection of picosecond ultrasonic pulses from a cell-substrate interface is used to probe cell-biomaterial adhesion with a subcell resolution. We culture monocytes on top of a thin biocompatible Ti metal film, supported by a transparent sapphire substrate. Low-energy femtosecond pump laser pulses are focused at the bottom of the Ti film to a micron spot. The subsequent ultrafast thermal expansion launches a longitudinal acoustic pulse in Ti, with a broad spectrum extending up to 100 GHz. We measure the acoustic echoes reflected from the Ti-cell interface through the transient optical reflectance changes. The time-frequency analysis of the reflected acoustic pulses gives access to a map of the cell acoustic impedance Zc and to a map of the film-cell interfacial stiffness K simultaneously. Variations in Zc across the cell are attributed to rigidity and density fluctuations within the cell, whereas variations in K are related to interfacial intermolecular forces and to the nano-architecture of the transmembrane bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Abi Ghanem
- Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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23
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Lam Hui K, Kwak SI, Upadhyaya A. Adhesion-dependent modulation of actin dynamics in Jurkat T cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 71:119-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- King Lam Hui
- Department of Physics; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
| | - Sae In Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
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24
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Islam MN, Gusarova GA, Monma E, Das SR, Bhattacharya J. F-actin scaffold stabilizes lamellar bodies during surfactant secretion. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L50-7. [PMID: 24213916 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells secrete surfactant that forms a protective layer on the lung's alveolar epithelium. Vesicles called lamellar bodies (LBs) store surfactant. Failure of surfactant secretion, which causes severe lung disease, relates to the manner in which LBs undergo exocytosis during the secretion. However, the dynamics of LBs during the secretion process are not known in intact alveoli. Here, we addressed this question through real-time confocal microscopy of single AT2 cells in live alveoli of mouse lungs. Using a combination of phospholipid and aqueous fluorophores that localize to LBs, we induced surfactant secretion by transiently hyperinflating the lung, and we quantified the secretion in terms of loss of bulk LB fluorescence. In addition, we quantified inter-LB phospholipid flow through determinations of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Furthermore, we determined the role of F-actin in surfactant secretion through expression of the fluorescent F-actin probe Lifeact. Our findings indicate that, in AT2 cells in situ, LBs are held in an F-actin scaffold. Although F-actin transiently decreases during surfactant secretion, the LBs remain stationary, forming a chain of vesicles connected by intervesicular channels that convey surfactant to the secretion site on the plasma membrane. This is the first instance of a secretory process in which the secretory vesicles are immobile, but form a conduit for the secretory material.
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25
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N-cadherin regulates spatially polarized signals through distinct p120ctn and β-catenin-dependent signalling pathways. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1589. [PMID: 23481397 PMCID: PMC3602931 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of molecular signals within cells is crucial for cellular functions. Here, as a model to study the polarized spatial distribution of molecular activities, we used cells on micro-patterned strips of fibronectin with one end free and the other end contacting a neighboring cell. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the small GTPase Rac display greater activity at the free end, whereas myosin II light chain (MLC) and actin filaments are enriched near the intercellular junction. PI3K and Rac polarization depend specifically on the N-cadherin-p120ctn complex, whereas MLC and actin filament polarization depend on the N-cadherin-β-catenin complex. Integrins promote high PI3K/Rac activities at the free end, and the N-cadherin–p120ctn complex excludes integrin α5 at the junctions to suppress local PI3K and Rac activity. We hence conclude that N-cadherin couples with distinct effectors to polarize PI3K/Rac and MLC/actin filaments in migrating cells.
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26
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Chu C, Celik E, Rico F, Moy VT. Elongated membrane tethers, individually anchored by high affinity α4β1/VCAM-1 complexes, are the quantal units of monocyte arrests. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64187. [PMID: 23691169 PMCID: PMC3656870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The α4β1 integrin facilitates both monocyte rolling and adhesion to the vascular endothelium and is physiologically activated by monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). The current study investigated the initial events in the adhesion of THP-1 cells to immobilized Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Using AFM force measurements, cell adhesion was shown to be mediated by two populations of α4β1/VCAM-1 complexes. A low affinity form of α4β1 was anchored to the elastic elements of the cytoskeleton, while a higher affinity conformer was coupled to the viscous elements of the cell membrane. Within 100 ms of contact, THP-1 cells, stimulated by co-immobilized MCP-1, exhibited a tremendous increase in adhesion to VCAM-1. Enhanced cell adhesion was accompanied by a local decoupling of the cell membrane from the cytoskeleton and the formation of long membrane tethers. The tethers were individually anchored by multiple α4β1/VCAM-1 complexes that prolonged the extension of the viscous tethers. In vivo, the formation of these membrane tethers may provide the quantal structural units for the arrest of rolling monocytes within the blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Chu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Emrah Celik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Felix Rico
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vincent T. Moy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndromes are rare genetically determined conditions with challenging clinical features. These immunodeficiencies also provide insights that are broadly relevant to the biology of leukocytes, platelets, intercellular interactions, and intracellular signaling. Recent discoveries merit their review in the context of existing knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS New activities of β(2) integrins, which are deficient or absent in LAD-I, and new β(2) integrin-dependent functions of neutrophils and other leukocytes have recently been identified. Genetic defects and mechanisms accounting for impaired fucosylation of selectin ligands and defective selectin binding and signaling in LAD-II are now apparent. LAD-III, which presents with bleeding similar to that in Glanzmann thrombasthenia and platelet dysfunction in addition to impaired leukocyte adhesion, is now known to be due to absence of KINDLIN-3, a cytoplasmic protein that acts cooperatively with TALIN-1 in activating β(1), β(2), and β(3) integrins. Understanding of the leukocyte adhesion cascade and interactions of leukocytes with inflamed endothelium, which are impaired in each of the LAD syndromes, continues to be refined. SUMMARY Although LAD syndromes are rare maladies, their investigation is generating new knowledge directly applicable to the diagnosis and care of patients and to fundamental paradigms in immunobiology and hemostasis.
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Harker KS, Ueno N, Wang T, Bonhomme C, Liu W, Lodoen MB. Toxoplasma gondii modulates the dynamics of human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium under fluidic shear stress. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:789-800. [PMID: 23485448 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1012517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii actively infects circulating immune cells, including monocytes and DCs, and is thought to use these cells as Trojan horses for parasite dissemination. To investigate the interactions of T. gondii-infected human monocytes with vascular endothelium under conditions of shear stress, we developed a fluidic and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy system. Both uninfected and infected monocytes rolled, decelerated, and firmly adhered on TNF-α-activated endothelium. Interestingly, T. gondii-infected primary human monocytes and THP-1 cells exhibited altered adhesion dynamics compared with uninfected monocytes: infected cells rolled at significantly higher velocities (2.5- to 4.6-fold) and over greater distances (2.6- to 4.8-fold) than uninfected monocytes, before firmly adhering. During monocyte searching, 29-36% of infected monocytes compared with 0-11% of uninfected monocytes migrated >10 μm from the point where they initiated searching, and these "wandering" searches were predominantly in the direction of flow. As infected monocytes appeared delayed in their transition to firm adhesion, we examined the effects of infection on integrin expression and function. T. gondii did not affect the expression of LFA-1, VLA-4, or MAC-1 or the ability of Mn(2+) to activate these integrins. However, T. gondii infection impaired LFA-1 and VLA-4 clustering and pseudopod extension in response to integrin ligands. Surprisingly, a single intracellular parasite was sufficient to mediate these effects. This research has established a system for studying pathogen modulation of human leukocyte adhesion under conditions of physiological shear stress and has revealed a previously unappreciated effect of T. gondii infection on ligand-dependent integrin clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Harker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Sundd P, Pospieszalska MK, Ley K. Neutrophil rolling at high shear: flattening, catch bond behavior, tethers and slings. Mol Immunol 2012; 55:59-69. [PMID: 23141302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation involves neutrophil rolling along the inflamed endothelium in the presence of shear stress imposed by blood flow. Neutrophil rolling in post-capillary venules in vivo is primarily mediated by P-selectin on the endothelium binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) constitutively expressed on neutrophils. Blood flow exerts a hydrodynamic drag on the rolling neutrophil which is partially or fully balanced by the adhesive forces generated in the P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds. Rolling is the result of rapid formation and dissociation of P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds at the center and rear of the rolling cell, respectively. Neutrophils roll stably on P-selectin in post-capillary venules in vivo and flow chambers in vitro at wall shear stresses greater than 6 dyn cm(-2). However, the mechanisms that enable neutrophils to roll at such high shear stress are not completely understood. In vitro and in vivo studies have led to the discovery of four potential mechanisms, viz. cell flattening, catch bond behavior, membrane tethers, and slings. Rolling neutrophils undergo flattening at high shear stress, which not only increases the size of the cell footprint but also reduces the hydrodynamic drag experienced by the rolling cell. P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds behave as catch bonds at small detachment forces and thus become stronger with increasing force. Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress form membrane tethers which can be longer than the cell diameter and promote the survival of P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds. Finally, neutrophils rolling at high shear stress form 'slings', which act as cell autonomous adhesive substrates and support step-wise peeling. Tethers and slings act together and contribute to the forces balancing the hydrodynamic drag. How the synergy between the four mechanisms leads to stable rolling at high shear stress is an area that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Rullo J, Becker H, Hyduk SJ, Wong JC, Digby G, Arora PD, Cano AP, Hartwig J, McCulloch CA, Cybulsky MI. Actin polymerization stabilizes a4b1 integrin anchors that mediate monocyte adhesion. J Exp Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1084/jem2094oia4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Short B. Leukocytes drop anchor. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2012. [PMCID: PMC3317793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.1971iti3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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