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Thakur NS, Rus I, Herbert A, Zallocchi M, Chakrabarty B, Joshi AD, Lomeo J, Agrahari V. Crosslinked-hybrid nanoparticle embedded in thermogel for sustained co-delivery to inner ear. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:482. [PMID: 39135039 PMCID: PMC11321169 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment-induced ototoxicity and accompanying hearing loss are a great concern associated with chemotherapeutic or antibiotic drug regimens. Thus, prophylactic cure or early treatment is desirable by local delivery to the inner ear. In this study, we examined a novel way of intratympanically delivered sustained nanoformulation by using crosslinked hybrid nanoparticle (cHy-NPs) in a thermoresponsive hydrogel i.e. thermogel that can potentially provide a safe and effective treatment towards the treatment-induced or drug-induced ototoxicity. The prophylactic treatment of the ototoxicity can be achieved by using two therapeutic molecules, Flunarizine (FL: T-type calcium channel blocker) and Honokiol (HK: antioxidant) co-encapsulated in the same delivery system. Here we investigated, FL and HK as cytoprotective molecules against cisplatin-induced toxic effects in the House Ear Institute - Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and in vivo assessments on the neuromast hair cell protection in the zebrafish lateral line. We observed that cytotoxic protective effect can be enhanced by using FL and HK in combination and developing a robust drug delivery formulation. Therefore, FL-and HK-loaded crosslinked hybrid nanoparticles (FL-cHy-NPs and HK-cHy-NPs) were synthesized using a quality-by-design approach (QbD) in which design of experiment-central composite design (DoE-CCD) following the standard least-square model was used for nanoformulation optimization. The physicochemical characterization of FL and HK loaded-NPs suggested the successful synthesis of spherical NPs with polydispersity index < 0.3, drugs encapsulation (> 75%), drugs loading (~ 10%), stability (> 2 months) in the neutral solution, and appropriate cryoprotectant selection. We assessed caspase 3/7 apopototic pathway in vitro that showed significantly reduced signals of caspase 3/7 activation after the FL-cHy-NPs and HK-cHy-NPs (alone or in combination) compared to the CisPt. The final formulation i.e. crosslinked-hybrid-nanoparticle-embedded-in-thermogel was developed by incorporating drug-loaded cHy-NPs in poloxamer-407, poloxamer-188, and carbomer-940-based hydrogel. A combination of artificial intelligence (AI)-based qualitative and quantitative image analysis determined the particle size and distribution throughout the visible segment. The developed formulation was able to release the FL and HK for at least a month. Overall, a highly stable nanoformulation was successfully developed for combating treatment-induced or drug-induced ototoxicity via local administration to the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj S Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Iulia Rus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Aidan Herbert
- DigiM Solution LLC, 500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3650, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Marisa Zallocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Brototi Chakrabarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Aditya D Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Joshua Lomeo
- DigiM Solution LLC, 500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3650, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Vibhuti Agrahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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2
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Sulpiana, Amalia R, Atik N. The Roles of Endocytosis and Autophagy at the Cellular Level During Influenza Virus Infection: A Mini-Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3199-3208. [PMID: 39070720 PMCID: PMC11283801 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s471204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The common cause of this deadly disease is a virus, and one of the most commonly found is the influenza virus. Influenza viruses have several capabilities in infection, including utilizing the host's machinery to survive within cells and replicate safely. This review aims to examine the literature on how influenza viruses use host machinery, including endocytosis and autophagy, for their internalization and replication within cells. This review method involves a literature search by examining articles published in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The keywords used were "Endocytosis" OR "Autophagy" AND "Influenza Virus". Eighteen articles were included due to inclusion and exclusion criteria. GTPases switch, and V-ATPase plays a key role in the endocytic machinery hijacked by influenza viruses to enter host cells. On the other hand, LC3 and Atg5 facilitate influenza-induced apoptosis via the autophagic pathway. In conclusion, influenza viruses primarily use clathrin-mediated endocytosis to enter cells and avoid degradation during endosomal maturation by exiting endosomes for transfer to the nucleus for replication. It also uses autophagy to induce apoptosis to continue replication. The capability of the influenza viruses to hijack endocytosis and autophagy mechanisms could be critical points for further research. Therefore, we discuss how the influenza virus utilizes both endocytosis and autophagy and the approach for a new strategic therapy targeting those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulpiana
- Biomedical Science Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 54211, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia
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3
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Elias MG, Fatima S, Mann TJ, Karan S, Mikhael M, de Souza P, Gordon CP, Scott KF, Aldrich-Wright JR. Anticancer Effect of Pt IIPHEN SS, Pt II5ME SS, Pt II56ME SS and Their Platinum(IV)-Dihydroxy Derivatives against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cisplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2544. [PMID: 39061185 PMCID: PMC11274883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin remains a challenge for their use as chemotherapies, particularly in breast and colorectal cancer. Here, we compare the anticancer effect of novel complexes [Pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtIIPHENSS), [Pt(5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtII5MESS) and [Pt(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtII56MESS) and their platinum(IV)-dihydroxy derivatives with cisplatin. Complexes are greater than 11-fold more potent than cisplatin in both 2D and 3D cell line cultures with increased selectivity for cancer cells over genetically stable cells. ICP-MS studies showed cellular uptake occurred through an active transport mechanism with considerably altered platinum concentrations found in the cytoskeleton across all complexes after 24 h. Significant reactive oxygen species generation was observed, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential at 72 h of treatment. Late apoptosis/necrosis was shown by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry assay, accompanied by increased sub-G0/G1 cells compared with untreated cells. An increase in S and G2+M cells was seen with all complexes. Treatment resulted in significant changes in actin and tubulin staining. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis markers, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT activation markers, together with autophagy markers showed significant activation of these pathways by Western blot. The proteomic profile investigated post-72 h of treatment identified 1597 MDA-MB-231 and 1859 HT29 proteins quantified by mass spectroscopy, with several differentially expressed proteins relative to no treatment. GO enrichment analysis revealed a statistically significant enrichment of RNA/DNA-associated proteins in both the cell lines and specific additional processes for individual drugs. This study shows that these novel agents function as multi-mechanistic chemotherapeutics, offering promising anticancer potential, and thereby supporting further research into their application as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria George Elias
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Shadma Fatima
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Mann
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shawan Karan
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Paul de Souza
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Kieran F. Scott
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
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4
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Kok M, Brodsky JL. The biogenesis of potassium transporters: implications of disease-associated mutations. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024:1-45. [PMID: 38946646 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2369986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of intracellular and extracellular potassium is tightly regulated due to the action of various ion transporters, channels, and pumps, which reside primarily in the kidney. Yet, potassium transporters and cotransporters play vital roles in all organs and cell types. Perhaps not surprisingly, defects in the biogenesis, function, and/or regulation of these proteins are linked to range of catastrophic human diseases, but to date, few drugs have been approved to treat these maladies. In this review, we discuss the structure, function, and activity of a group of potassium-chloride cotransporters, the KCCs, as well as the related sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters, the NKCCs. Diseases associated with each of the four KCCs and two NKCCs are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on how these complex membrane proteins fold and mature in the endoplasmic reticulum, how non-native forms of the cotransporters are destroyed in the cell, and which cellular factors oversee their maturation and transport to the cell surface. When known, we also outline how the levels and activities of each cotransporter are regulated. Open questions in the field and avenues for future investigations are further outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Kok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Cowan DB, Wu H, Chen H. Epsin Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041165. [PMID: 37217282 PMCID: PMC10759987 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands and receptors are central regulators of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. In response to VEGF ligand binding, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases initiate the chain of events that transduce extracellular signals into endothelial cell responses such as survival, proliferation, and migration. These events are controlled by intricate cellular processes that include the regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, interactions of numerous proteins, and intracellular trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes. Endocytic uptake and transport of macromolecular complexes through the endosome-lysosome system helps fine-tune endothelial cell responses to VEGF signals. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis remains the best understood means of macromolecular entry into cells, although the importance of non-clathrin-dependent pathways is increasingly recognized. Many of these endocytic events rely on adaptor proteins that coordinate internalization of activated cell-surface receptors. In the endothelium of both blood and lymphatic vessels, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant adaptors involved in receptor endocytosis and intracellular sorting. These proteins are capable of binding both lipids and proteins and are important for promoting curvature of the plasma membrane as well as binding ubiquitinated cargo. Here, we discuss the role of epsin proteins and other endocytic adaptors in governing VEGF signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and discuss their therapeutic potential as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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6
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Kawak P, Sawaftah NMA, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Transferrin-Targeted Liposomes in Glioblastoma Therapy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13262. [PMID: 37686065 PMCID: PMC10488197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor, and its treatment is further complicated by the high selectivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The scientific community is urgently seeking innovative and effective therapeutic solutions. Liposomes are a promising new tool that has shown potential in addressing the limitations of chemotherapy, such as poor bioavailability and toxicity to healthy cells. However, passive targeting strategies based solely on the physicochemical properties of liposomes have proven ineffective due to a lack of tissue specificity. Accordingly, the upregulation of transferrin receptors (TfRs) in brain tissue has led to the development of TfR-targeted anticancer therapeutics. Currently, one of the most widely adopted methods for improving drug delivery in the treatment of GBM and other neurological disorders is the utilization of active targeting strategies that specifically target this receptor. In this review, we discuss the role of Tf-conjugated liposomes in GBM therapy and present some recent studies investigating the drug delivery efficiency of Tf-liposomes; in addition, we address some challenges currently facing this approach to treatment and present some potential improvement possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kawak
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nour M. Al Sawaftah
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - William G. Pitt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
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7
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Capella P, Asensio J, Troncoso M, Sosa MA, Seltzer AM. Evidence on differential role for alpha 1 and alpha 2 subtypes of AP-2 adaptin in the Central Nervous System. Neurosci Lett 2023; 808:137282. [PMID: 37127089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two subtypes of alpha (α)subunits , α1and α2, belonging to AP-2 complex have been described in the central nervous system (CNS). The specific role of each subtype is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression and interaction with cell membranes of both subtypes in the postnatal developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum in two rat strains that display distinct developmental features. We observed that α2 displays higher variations than α1 during development, and at lesser extent in the rats with delayed rate of development. Additionally, by in vitro binding assays we evaluated the interaction of α subunits with bovine brain membranes. Both subtypes displayed clear differences in their performance, maximum binding of α1 was higher and α2 reached it faster than α1. In addition, both subtypes displayed different binding to membranes when bivalent cations or nucleotides were added. We conclude that both subtypes interact differently with membranes and that they may play different roles in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Capella
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Francisco Bertini"- Instituto de Histología y Embriología - FCM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - J Asensio
- Plataforma de Neurobiología- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (CONICET), Mendoza. Argentina
| | - M Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Francisco Bertini"- Instituto de Histología y Embriología - FCM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M A Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Francisco Bertini"- Instituto de Histología y Embriología - FCM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A M Seltzer
- Plataforma de Neurobiología- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (CONICET), Mendoza. Argentina.
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8
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Wu X, Qiu H, Zhang M. Interactions between Membraneless Condensates and Membranous Organelles at the Presynapse: A Phase Separation View of Synaptic Vesicle Cycle. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167629. [PMID: 35595170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Action potential-induced neurotransmitter release in presynaptic boutons involves coordinated actions of a large list of proteins that are associated directly or indirectly with membrane structures including synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes. These proteins are often highly abundant in different synaptic bouton sub-compartments, and they rarely act alone. Instead, these proteins interact with each other forming intricate and distinct molecular complexes. Many of these complexes form condensed clusters on membrane surfaces. This review summarizes findings in recent years showing that many of presynaptic protein complex assemblies are formed via phase separation. These protein condensates extensively interact with lipid membranes via distinct modes, forming various mesoscale structures by different mode of organizations between membraneless condensates and membranous organelles. We discuss that such mesoscale interactions could have deep implications on mobilization, exocytosis, and retrieval of synaptic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China; School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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9
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Kozak M, Kaksonen M. Condensation of Ede1 promotes the initiation of endocytosis. eLife 2022; 11:72865. [PMID: 35412456 PMCID: PMC9064294 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by a network of weakly interacting proteins through a poorly understood mechanism. Ede1, the yeast homolog of mammalian Eps15, is an early-arriving endocytic protein and a key initiation factor. In the absence of Ede1, most other early endocytic proteins lose their punctate localization and endocytic uptake is decreased. We show that in yeast cells, cytosolic concentration of Ede1 is buffered at a critical level. Excess amounts of Ede1 form large condensates which recruit other endocytic proteins and exhibit properties of phase-separated liquid droplets. We demonstrate that the central region of Ede1, containing a coiled-coil and a prion-like region, is essential for both the condensate formation and the function of Ede1 in endocytosis. The functionality of Ede1 mutants lacking the central region can be partially rescued by an insertion of heterologous prion-like domains. Conversely, fusion of a heterologous lipid-binding domain with the central region of Ede1 can promote clustering into stable plasma membrane domains. We propose that the ability of Ede1 to form condensed networks supports the clustering of early endocytic proteins and promotes the initiation of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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El Alaoui F, Casuso I, Sanchez-Fuentes D, Arpin-Andre C, Rathar R, Baecker V, Castro A, Lorca T, Viaud J, Vassilopoulos S, Carretero-Genevrier A, Picas L. Structural organization and dynamics of FCHo2 docking on membranes. eLife 2022; 11:e73156. [PMID: 35044298 PMCID: PMC8798043 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a central trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells regulated by phosphoinositides. The plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) plays an instrumental role in driving CME initiation. The F-BAR domain-only protein 1 and 2 complex (FCHo1/2) is among the early proteins that reach the plasma membrane, but the exact mechanisms triggering its recruitment remain elusive. Here, we show the molecular dynamics of FCHo2 self-assembly on membranes by combining minimal reconstituted in vitro and cellular systems. Our results indicate that PI(4,5)P2 domains assist FCHo2 docking at specific membrane regions, where it self-assembles into ring-like-shaped protein patches. We show that the binding of FCHo2 on cellular membranes promotes PI(4,5)P2 clustering at the boundary of cargo receptors and that this accumulation enhances clathrin assembly. Thus, our results provide a mechanistic framework that could explain the recruitment of early PI(4,5)P2-interacting proteins at endocytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Alaoui
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - David Sanchez-Fuentes
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Charlotte Arpin-Andre
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Raissa Rathar
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Volker Baecker
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Anna Castro
- Centre de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR UMR 5237, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Centre de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR UMR 5237, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier UniversityToulouseFrance
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974ParisFrance
| | - Adrian Carretero-Genevrier
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Laura Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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11
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Prichard KL, O'Brien NS, Murcia SR, Baker JR, McCluskey A. Role of Clathrin and Dynamin in Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis/Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and Implications in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:754110. [PMID: 35115907 PMCID: PMC8805674 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.754110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a process essential to the health and well-being of cell. It is required for the internalisation and sorting of “cargo”—the macromolecules, proteins, receptors and lipids of cell signalling. Clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the key processes required for cellular well-being and signalling pathway activation. CME is key role to the recycling of synaptic vesicles [synaptic vesicle recycling (SVR)] in the brain, it is pivotal to signalling across synapses enabling intracellular communication in the sensory and nervous systems. In this review we provide an overview of the general process of CME with a particular focus on two key proteins: clathrin and dynamin that have a central role to play in ensuing successful completion of CME. We examine these two proteins as they are the two endocytotic proteins for which small molecule inhibitors, often of known mechanism of action, have been identified. Inhibition of CME offers the potential to develop therapeutic interventions into conditions involving defects in CME. This review will discuss the roles and the current scope of inhibitors of clathrin and dynamin, providing an insight into how further developments could affect neurological disease treatments.
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12
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Ramesh ST, Navyasree KV, Sah S, Ashok AB, Qathoon N, Mohanty S, Swain RK, Umasankar PK. BMP2K phosphorylates AP-2 and regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:377-396. [PMID: 34480404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the central adaptor protein complex, AP-2 is pivotal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, we uncover the role of an uncharacterized kinase (BMP-2 inducible kinase-BMP2K) in AP-2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that BMP2K can phosphorylate AP-2 in vitro and in vivo. Functional impairment of BMP2K impedes AP-2 phosphorylation leading to defects in clathrin-coated pit (CCP) morphology and cargo internalization. BMP2K engages AP-2 via its extended C-terminus and this interaction is important for its CCP localization and function. Notably, endogenous BMP2K levels decline upon functional impairment of AP-2 indicating AP-2 dependent BMP2K stabilization in cells. Further, functional inactivation of BMP2K in zebrafish embryos yields gastrulation phenotypes which mirror AP-2 loss-of-function suggesting physiological relevance of BMP2K in vertebrates. Together, our findings propose involvement of a novel kinase in AP-2 phosphorylation and in the operation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha T Ramesh
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolaparamba V Navyasree
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Sah
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anjitha B Ashok
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nishada Qathoon
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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LMBD1 protein participates in cell mitosis by regulating microtubule assembly. Biochem J 2021; 478:2321-2337. [PMID: 34076705 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LMBD1 was previously demonstrated to regulate the endocytosis of insulin receptor on the cell surface and to mediate the export of cobalamin from the lysosomes to the cytosol, but little is known about its function in mitosis. In this study, interactome analysis data indicate that LMBD1 is involved in cytoskeleton regulation. Both immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays demonstrated the association of LMBD1 with tubulin. Immunofluorescence staining also showed the colocalization of LMBD1 with microtubule in both interphase and mitotic cells. LMBD1 specifically accelerates microtubule assembly dynamics in vitro and antagonizes the microtubule-disruptive effect of vinblastine. In addition, LMBRD1-knockdown impairs mitotic spindle formation, inhibits tubulin polymerization, and diminishes the mitosis-associated tubulin acetylation. The reduced acetylation can be reversed by ectopic expression of LMBD1 protein. These results suggest that LMBD1 protein stabilizes microtubule intermediates. Furthermore, embryonic fibroblasts derived from Lmbrd1 heterozygous knockout mice showed abnormality in microtubule formation, mitosis, and cell growth. Taken together, LMBD1 plays a pivotal role in regulating microtubule assembly that is essential for the process of cell mitosis.
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14
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Chen Z, Mino RE, Mettlen M, Michaely P, Bhave M, Reed DK, Schmid SL. Wbox2: A clathrin terminal domain-derived peptide inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151850. [PMID: 32520988 PMCID: PMC7480105 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) occurs via the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles from clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Clathrin is recruited to CCPs through interactions between the AP2 complex and its N-terminal domain, which in turn recruits endocytic accessory proteins. Inhibitors of CME that interfere with clathrin function have been described, but their specificity and mechanisms of action are unclear. Here we show that overexpression of the N-terminal domain with (TDD) or without (TD) the distal leg inhibits CME and CCP dynamics by perturbing clathrin interactions with AP2 and SNX9. TDD overexpression does not affect clathrin-independent endocytosis or, surprisingly, AP1-dependent lysosomal trafficking from the Golgi. We designed small membrane–permeant peptides that encode key functional residues within the four known binding sites on the TD. One peptide, Wbox2, encoding residues along the W-box motif binding surface, binds to SNX9 and AP2 and potently and acutely inhibits CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Rosa E Mino
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Peter Michaely
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Madhura Bhave
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Dana Kim Reed
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX
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15
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Hanley SE, Cooper KF. Sorting Nexins in Protein Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010017. [PMID: 33374212 PMCID: PMC7823608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is maintained by removing misfolded, damaged, or excess proteins and damaged organelles from the cell by three major pathways; the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and the endo-lysosomal pathway. The requirement for ubiquitin provides a link between all three pathways. Sorting nexins are a highly conserved and diverse family of membrane-associated proteins that not only traffic proteins throughout the cells but also provide a second common thread between protein homeostasis pathways. In this review, we will discuss the connections between sorting nexins, ubiquitin, and the interconnected roles they play in maintaining protein quality control mechanisms. Underlying their importance, genetic defects in sorting nexins are linked with a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, and cancer. This serves to emphasize the critical roles sorting nexins play in many aspects of cellular function.
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16
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Pedersen RTA, Hassinger JE, Marchando P, Drubin DG. Spatial regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis through position-dependent site maturation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:211446. [PMID: 33053166 PMCID: PMC7545360 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), over 50 different proteins assemble on the plasma membrane to reshape it into a cargo-laden vesicle. It has long been assumed that cargo triggers local CME site assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on the discovery that cortical actin patches, which cluster near exocytic sites, are CME sites. Quantitative imaging data reported here lead to a radically different view of which CME steps are regulated and which steps are deterministic. We quantitatively and spatially describe progression through the CME pathway and pinpoint a cargo-sensitive regulatory transition point that governs progression from the initiation phase of CME to the internalization phase. Thus, site maturation, rather than site initiation, accounts for the previously observed polarized distribution of actin patches in this organism. While previous studies suggested that cargo ensures its own internalization by regulating either CME initiation rates or frequency of abortive events, our data instead identify maturation through a checkpoint in the pathway as the cargo-sensitive step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross T A Pedersen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Julian E Hassinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Paul Marchando
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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17
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Sansen T, Sanchez-Fuentes D, Rathar R, Colom-Diego A, El Alaoui F, Viaud J, Macchione M, de Rossi S, Matile S, Gaudin R, Bäcker V, Carretero-Genevrier A, Picas L. Mapping Cell Membrane Organization and Dynamics Using Soft Nanoimprint Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29000-29012. [PMID: 32464046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane shape is a key feature of many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, division, migration, and trafficking. The development of nanostructured surfaces allowing for the in situ manipulation of membranes in living cells is crucial to understand these processes, but this requires complicated and limited-access technologies. Here, we investigate the self-organization of cellular membranes by using a customizable and benchtop method allowing one to engineer 1D SiO2 nanopillar arrays of defined sizes and shapes on high-performance glass compatible with advanced microscopies. As a result of this original combination, we provide a mapping of the morphology-induced modulation of the cell membrane mechanics, dynamics and steady-state organization of key protein complexes implicated in cellular trafficking and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - D Sanchez-Fuentes
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - R Rathar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - A Colom-Diego
- Biochemistry Department and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F El Alaoui
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - J Viaud
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC-UMR1048), Inserm and Université Toulouse 3, Avenue Jean Poulhès BP84225, 31432 Cedex 04 Toulouse, France
| | - M Macchione
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S de Rossi
- MRI Imaging Facility, UMS BioCampus Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - S Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Gaudin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - V Bäcker
- MRI Imaging Facility, UMS BioCampus Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A Carretero-Genevrier
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - L Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
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18
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Abstract
Transcytosis of macromolecules through lung endothelial cells is the primary route of transport from the vascular compartment into the interstitial space. Endothelial transcytosis is mostly a caveolae-dependent process that combines receptor-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking via actin-cytoskeletal remodeling, and SNARE protein directed vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Herein, we review the current literature on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, the role of actin cytoskeleton in caveolae stabilization at the plasma membrane, actin remodeling during vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis of caveolar vesicles. Next, we provide a concise summary of experimental methods employed to assess transcytosis. Finally, we review evidence that transcytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:491-508, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
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19
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Wasnik VH, Lipp P, Kruse K. Positional Information Readout in Ca^{2+} Signaling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:058102. [PMID: 31491303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.058102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Living cells respond to spatially confined signals. Intracellular signal transmission often involves the release of second messengers like Ca^{2+}. They eventually trigger a physiological response, for example, by activating kinases that in turn activate target proteins through phosphorylation. Here, we investigate theoretically how positional information can be accurately read out by protein phosphorylation in spite of rapid second messenger diffusion. We find that accuracy is increased by binding of kinases to the cell membrane prior to phosphorylation and by increasing the rate of Ca^{2+} loss from the cell interior. These findings could explain some salient features of the conventional protein kinase Cα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav H Wasnik
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403401, India
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karsten Kruse
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Zhang J, Yun Y, Lou Y, Abubakar YS, Guo P, Wang S, Li C, Feng Y, Adnan M, Zhou J, Lu G, Zheng W. FgAP‐2 complex is essential for pathogenicity and polarised growth and regulates the apical localisation of membrane lipid flippases in
Fusarium graminearum. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13041. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yi Lou
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | | | - Pusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Chunling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Guo‐dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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21
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Fratini M, Wiegand T, Funaya C, Jiang Z, Shah PNM, Spatz JP, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Boulant S. Surface Immobilization of Viruses and Nanoparticles Elucidates Early Events in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1585-1600. [PMID: 30200751 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an important entry pathway for viruses. Here, we applied click chemistry to covalently immobilize reovirus on surfaces to study CME during early host-pathogen interactions. To uncouple chemical and physical properties of viruses and determine their impact on CME initiation, we used the same strategy to covalently immobilize nanoparticles of different sizes. Using fluorescence live microscopy and electron microscopy, we confirmed that clathrin recruitment depends on particle size and discovered that the maturation into clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) is independent from cargo internalization. Surprisingly, we found that the final size of CCVs appears to be imprinted on the clathrin coat at early stages of cargo-cell interactions. Our approach has allowed us to unravel novel aspects of early interactions between viruses and the clathrin machinery that influence late stages of CME and CCVs formation. This method can be easily and broadly applied to the field of nanotechnology, endocytosis, and virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fratini
- Heidelberg University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tina Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Heidelberg University, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhongxiang Jiang
- Leica Microsystems GmbH, Am Friedensplatz 3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pranav N. M. Shah
- Heidelberg University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Heidelberg University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Preparation and anticancer effect of pegylated-chlorambucil prodrug nanoparticle for enhanced therapeutic efficiency. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Dergai O, Dergai M, Rynditch A. Ubiquitin-ligase AIP4 controls differential ubiquitination and stability of isoforms of the scaffold protein ITSN1. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2259-2267. [PMID: 29851086 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
At present, the role of ubiquitination of cargoes internalized from the plasma membrane is better understood than the consequences of ubiquitination of proteins comprising the endocytic machinery. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4/ITCH contributes to the differential ubiquitination of isoforms of the endocytic scaffold protein intersectin1 (ITSN1). The major isoform ITSN1-s is monoubiquitinated, whereas the minor one, ITSN1-22a undergoes a combination of mono- and oligoubiquitination. The monoubiquitination is required for ITSN1-s stability, whereas the oligoubiquitination of ITSN1-22a causes its proteasomal degradation. This explains the observed low abundance of the minor isoform in cells. Thus, different modes of ubiquitination regulated by AIP4 have opposite effects on ITSN1 isoform stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Dergai
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Dergai
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Rynditch
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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24
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25
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Wong NKY, Shenoi RA, Abbina S, Chafeeva I, Kizhakkedathu JN, Khan MK. Nontransformed and Cancer Cells Can Utilize Different Endocytic Pathways To Internalize Dendritic Nanoparticle Variants: Implications on Nanocarrier Design. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2427-2438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson K. Y. Wong
- Department
of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre;
Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency − Vancouver Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Rajesh A. Shenoi
- Centre
for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre
for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Irina Chafeeva
- Centre
for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre
for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Mohamed K. Khan
- Department
of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre;
Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency − Vancouver Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Radiation
Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ 85234, USA
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26
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Gormal R, Valmas N, Fath T, Meunier F. A role for tropomyosins in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis? Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:112-118. [PMID: 28545680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk endocytosis allows stimulated neurons to take up a large portion of the presynaptic plasma membrane in order to regenerate synaptic vesicle pools. Actin, one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, plays an important role in this process, but a detailed mechanistic understanding of the involvement of the cortical actin network is still lacking, in part due to the relatively small size of nerve terminals and the limitation of optical microscopy. We recently discovered that neurosecretory cells display a similar, albeit much larger, form of bulk endocytosis in response to secretagogue stimulation. This allowed us to identify a novel highly dynamic role for the acto-myosin II cortex in generating constricting rings that precede the fission of nascent bulk endosomes. In this review we focus on the mechanism underpinning this dramatic switch in the organization and function of the cortical actin network. We provide additional experimental data that suggest a role of tropomyosin Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 in this process, together with an emerging model of how actin controls bulk endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gormal
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Frederic Meunier
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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27
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Abstract
Newly synthesized transmembrane proteins undergo a series of steps to ensure that only the required amount of correctly folded protein is localized to the membrane. The regulation of protein quality and its abundance at the membrane are often controlled by ubiquitination, a multistep enzymatic process that results in the attachment of ubiquitin, or chains of ubiquitin to the target protein. Protein ubiquitination acts as a signal for sorting, trafficking, and the removal of membrane proteins via endocytosis, a process through which multiple ubiquitin ligases are known to specifically regulate the functions of a number of ion channels, transporters, and signaling receptors. Endocytic removal of these proteins through ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis provides a way to rapidly downregulate the physiological outcomes, and defects in such controls are directly linked to human pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination is also involved in the shedding of membranes and associated proteins as extracellular vesicles, thereby not only controlling the cell surface levels of some membrane proteins, but also their potential transport to neighboring cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and functions of ubiquitination of membrane proteins and provide specific examples of ubiquitin-dependent regulation of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Foot
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya Henshall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Ailte I, Lingelem ABD, Kvalvaag AS, Kavaliauskiene S, Brech A, Koster G, Dommersnes PG, Bergan J, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Exogenous lysophospholipids with large head groups perturb clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2017; 18:176-191. [PMID: 28067430 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated how clathrin-dependent endocytosis is affected by exogenously added lysophospholipids (LPLs). Addition of LPLs with large head groups strongly inhibits transferrin (Tf) endocytosis in various cell lines, while LPLs with small head groups do not. Electron and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (EM and TIRF) reveal that treatment with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) with the fatty acyl group C18:0 leads to reduced numbers of invaginated clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) at the plasma membrane, fewer endocytic events per membrane area and increased lifetime of CCPs. Also, endocytosis of Tf becomes dependent on actin upon LPI treatment. Thus, our results demonstrate that one can regulate the kinetics and properties of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by addition of LPLs in a head group size- and fatty acyl-dependent manner. Furthermore, studies performed with optical tweezers show that less force is required to pull membrane tubules outwards from the plasma membrane when LPI is added to the cells. The results are in agreement with the notion that insertion of LPLs with large head groups creates a positive membrane curvature which might have a negative impact on events that require plasma membrane invagination, while it may facilitate membrane bending toward the cell exterior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Ailte
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Berit D Lingelem
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun S Kvalvaag
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Kavaliauskiene
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paul G Dommersnes
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Bergan
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Skotland
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lu R, Drubin DG. Selection and stabilization of endocytic sites by Ede1, a yeast functional homologue of human Eps15. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:567-575. [PMID: 28057762 PMCID: PMC5328616 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), endocytic-site maturation can be divided into two stages corresponding to the arrival of the early and late proteins at the plasma membrane. The early proteins are required to capture cargo and position the late machinery, which includes proteins involved in actin assembly and membrane scission. However, the mechanism by which early-arriving proteins select and stabilize endocytic sites is not known. Ede1, one of the earliest proteins recruited to endocytic sites, facilitates site initiation and stabilization. Deletion of EDE1 results in fewer CME initiations and defects in the timing of vesicle maturation. Here we made truncation mutants of Ede1 to better understand how different domains contribute to its recruitment to CME sites, site selection, and site maturation. We found that the minimal domains required for efficient Ede1 localization at CME sites are the third EH domain, the proline-rich region, and the coiled-coil region. We also found that many strains expressing ede1 truncations could support a normal rate of site initiation but still had defects in site-maturation timing, indicating separation of Ede1 functions. When expressed in yeast, human Eps15 localized to the plasma membrane, where it recruited late-phase CME proteins and supported productive endocytosis, identifying it as an Ede1 functional homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Abstract
The precise sequence of events promoting clathrin-coated vesicle assembly is still debated. In this issue, Kadlecova et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201608071) test structural models using quantitative microscopy in living cells to investigate the hierarchy and temporal importance of molecular events required for clathrin-coated pit initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Frazier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lauren P Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 .,Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Kadlecova Z, Spielman SJ, Loerke D, Mohanakrishnan A, Reed DK, Schmid SL. Regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by hierarchical allosteric activation of AP2. J Cell Biol 2016; 216:167-179. [PMID: 28003333 PMCID: PMC5223608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical initiation phase of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) determines where and when endocytosis occurs. Heterotetrameric adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes, which initiate clathrin-coated pit (CCP) assembly, are activated by conformational changes in response to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cargo binding at multiple sites. However, the functional hierarchy of interactions and how these conformational changes relate to distinct steps in CCP formation in living cells remains unknown. We used quantitative live-cell analyses to measure discrete early stages of CME and show how sequential, allosterically regulated conformational changes activate AP2 to drive both nucleation and subsequent stabilization of nascent CCPs. Our data establish that cargoes containing Yxxφ motif, but not dileucine motif, play a critical role in the earliest stages of AP2 activation and CCP nucleation. Interestingly, these cargo and PIP2 interactions are not conserved in yeast. Thus, we speculate that AP2 has evolved as a key regulatory node to coordinate CCP formation and cargo sorting and ensure high spatial and temporal regulation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kadlecova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Stephanie J Spielman
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Dinah Loerke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - Aparna Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dana Kim Reed
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Barar J, Rafi MA, Pourseif MM, Omidi Y. Blood-brain barrier transport machineries and targeted therapy of brain diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:225-248. [PMID: 28265539 PMCID: PMC5326671 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Desired clinical outcome of pharmacotherapy of brain diseases largely depends upon the safe drug delivery into the brain parenchyma. However, due to the robust blockade function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug transport into the brain is selectively controlled by the BBB formed by brain capillary endothelial cells and supported by astrocytes and pericytes.
Methods: In the current study, we have reviewed the most recent literature on the subject to provide an insight upon the role and impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting.
Results: All drugs, either small molecules or macromolecules, designated to treat brain diseases must adequately cross the BBB to provide their therapeutic properties on biological targets within the central nervous system (CNS). However, most of these pharmaceuticals do not sufficiently penetrate into CNS, failing to meet the intended therapeutic outcomes. Most lipophilic drugs capable of penetrating BBB are prone to the efflux functionality of BBB. In contrast, all hydrophilic drugs are facing severe infiltration blockage imposed by the tight cellular junctions of the BBB. Hence, a number of strategies have been devised to improve the efficiency of brain drug delivery and targeted therapy of CNS disorders using multimodal nanosystems (NSs).
Conclusions: In order to improve the therapeutic outcomes of CNS drug transfer and targeted delivery, the discriminatory permeability of BBB needs to be taken under control. The carrier-mediated transport machineries of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) can be exploited for the discovery, development and delivery of small molecules into the brain. Further, the receptor-mediated transport systems can be recruited for the delivery of macromolecular biologics and multimodal NSs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Rafi
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad M Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Intelligent substance delivery into cells using cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:121-130. [PMID: 27956345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are oligopeptides that can permeate the cell membrane. The use of a CPP-mediated transport system could be an excellent method for delivering cell-impermeable substances such as proteins, antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, plasmids, drugs, fluorescent compounds, and nanoparticles as covalently or noncovalently conjugated cargo into cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms through which CPPs are internalized remain unclear. Endocytosis and direct translocation through the membrane are the generally accepted routes. Internalization via both pathways can occur simultaneously, depending on cellular conditions. However, the peculiar property of CPPs has attracted many researchers, especially in drug discovery or development, who intend to deliver impermeable substances into cells through the cell membrane. The delivery of drugs using CPPs may non-invasively solve the problem of drug penetration into cells with the added benefit of low cytotoxicity. Moreover, macromolecules can also be delivered by this transport system. In this review, I discuss the possibilities and advantages of substance delivery into cells using CPPs.
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Ma L, Umasankar PK, Wrobel AG, Lymar A, McCoy AJ, Holkar SS, Jha A, Pradhan-Sundd T, Watkins SC, Owen DJ, Traub LM. Transient Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 Nanoclusters Prime the AP-2 Clathrin Adaptor for Cargo Binding. Dev Cell 2016; 37:428-43. [PMID: 27237791 PMCID: PMC4921775 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles form by rapid assembly of discrete coat constituents into a cargo-sorting lattice. How the sequential phases of coat construction are choreographed is unclear, but transient protein-protein interactions mediated by short interaction motifs are pivotal. We show that arrayed Asp-Pro-Phe (DPF) motifs within the early-arriving endocytic pioneers Eps15/R are differentially decoded by other endocytic pioneers Fcho1/2 and AP-2. The structure of an Eps15/R⋅Fcho1 μ-homology domain complex reveals a spacing-dependent DPF triad, bound in a mechanistically distinct way from the mode of single DPF binding to AP-2. Using cells lacking FCHO1/2 and with Eps15 sequestered from the plasma membrane, we establish that without these two endocytic pioneers, AP-2 assemblies are fleeting and endocytosis stalls. Thus, distinct DPF-based codes within the unstructured Eps15/R C terminus direct the assembly of temporary Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 ternary complexes to facilitate conformational activation of AP-2 by the Fcho1/2 interdomain linker to promote AP-2 cargo engagement. The endocytic pioneer protein Eps15 engages AP-2 and Fcho1/2 noncompetitively Structural analysis shows arrayed DPF motif triad in Eps15 for Fcho1/2 μHD binding DPF-based codes direct transient Fcho1/2⋅Eps15/R⋅AP-2 ternary complex formation In ternary complex, Fcho1 interdomain linker primes AP-2 for cargo capture
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anastasia Lymar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Airlie J McCoy
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sachin S Holkar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anupma Jha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Linton M Traub
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, S312 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Mata-Cantero L, Azkargorta M, Aillet F, Xolalpa W, LaFuente MJ, Elortza F, Carvalho AS, Martin-Plaza J, Matthiesen R, Rodriguez MS. New insights into host-parasite ubiquitin proteome dynamics in P. falciparum infected red blood cells using a TUBEs-MS approach. J Proteomics 2016; 139:45-59. [PMID: 26972027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), ranks as one of the most baleful infectious diseases worldwide. New antimalarial treatments are needed to face existing or emerging drug resistant strains. Protein degradation appears to play a significant role during the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) of P. falciparum. Inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a major intracellular proteolytic pathway, effectively reduces infection and parasite replication. P. falciparum and erythrocyte UPS coexist during IDC but the nature of their relationship is largely unknown. We used an approach based on Tandem Ubiquitin-Binding Entities (TUBEs) and 1D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry to identify major components of the TUBEs-associated ubiquitin proteome of both host and parasite during ring, trophozoite and schizont stages. Ring-exported protein (REX1), a P. falciparum protein located in Maurer's clefts and important for parasite nutrient import, was found to reach a maximum level of ubiquitylation in trophozoites stage. The Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) TUBEs associated ubiquitin proteome decreased during the infection, whereas the equivalent P. falciparum TUBEs-associated ubiquitin proteome counterpart increased. Major cellular processes such as DNA repair, replication, stress response, vesicular transport and catabolic events appear to be regulated by ubiquitylation along the IDC P. falciparum infection. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this work we analyze for the first time the interconnection between Plasmodium and human red blood cells ubiquitin-regulated proteins in the context of infection. We identified a number of human and Plasmodium proteins whose ubiquitylation pattern changes during the asexual infective stage. We demonstrate that ubiquitylation of REX1, a P. falciparum protein located in Maurer's clefts and important for parasite nutrient import, peaks in trophozoites stage. The ubiquitin-proteome from P. falciparum infected red blood cells (iRBCs) revealed a significant host-parasite crosstalk, underlining the importance of ubiquitin-regulated proteolytic activities during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) of P. falciparum. Major cellular processes defined from gene ontology such as DNA repair, replication, stress response, vesicular transport and catabolic events appear to be regulated by ubiquitylation along the IDC P. falciparum infection. Given the importance of ubiquitylation in the development of infectious diseases, this work provides a number of potential drug-target candidates that should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Mata-Cantero
- Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain; Proteomics Platform CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain; Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Fabienne Aillet
- Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Proteomics Platform CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Maria J LaFuente
- Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julio Martin-Plaza
- Centro de Investigación Básica, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Manuel S Rodriguez
- Proteomics Platform CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain; Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France; University of Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
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de León N, Hoya M, Curto MA, Moro S, Yanguas F, Doncel C, Valdivieso MH. The AP-2 complex is required for proper temporal and spatial dynamics of endocytic patches in fission yeast. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:409-24. [PMID: 26749213 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In metazoans the AP-2 complex has a well-defined role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. By contrast, its direct role in endocytosis in unicellular eukaryotes has been questioned. Here, we report co- immunoprecipitation between the fission yeast AP-2 component Apl3p and clathrin, as well as the genetic interactions between apl3Δ and clc1 and sla2Δ/end4Δ mutants. Furthermore, a double clc1 apl3Δ mutant was found to be defective in FM4-64 uptake. In an otherwise wild-type strain, apl3Δ cells exhibit altered dynamics of the endocytic sites, with a heterogeneous and extended lifetime of early and late markers at the patches. Additionally, around 50% of the endocytic patches exhibit abnormal spatial dynamics, with immobile patches and patches that bounce backwards to the cell surface, showing a pervasive effect of the absence of AP-2. These alterations in the endocytic machinery result in abnormal cell wall synthesis and morphogenesis. Our results complement those found in budding yeast and confirm that a direct role of AP-2 in endocytosis has been conserved throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore de León
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Hoya
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M-Angeles Curto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Moro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Yanguas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Doncel
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M-Henar Valdivieso
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), University of Salamanca/CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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Lin YH, Currinn H, Pocha SM, Rothnie A, Wassmer T, Knust E. AP-2-complex-mediated endocytosis of Drosophila Crumbs regulates polarity by antagonizing Stardust. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4538-49. [PMID: 26527400 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.174573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of epithelial polarity depends on the correct localization and levels of polarity determinants. The evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein Crumbs is crucial for the size and identity of the apical membrane, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the amount of Crumbs at the surface. Here, we show that Crumbs levels on the apical membrane depend on a well-balanced state of endocytosis and stabilization. The adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex binds to a motif in the cytoplasmic tail of Crumbs that overlaps with the binding site of Stardust, a protein known to stabilize Crumbs on the surface. Preventing endocytosis by mutation of AP-2 causes expansion of the Crumbs-positive plasma membrane domain and polarity defects, which can be partially rescued by removing one copy of crumbs. Strikingly, knocking down both AP-2 and Stardust leads to the retention of Crumbs on the membrane. This study provides evidence for a molecular mechanism, based on stabilization and endocytosis, to adjust surface levels of Crumbs, which are essential for maintaining epithelial polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huei Lin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Heather Currinn
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Shirin Meher Pocha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Alice Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Dmitrieff S, Nédélec F. Membrane Mechanics of Endocytosis in Cells with Turgor. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004538. [PMID: 26517669 PMCID: PMC4627814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential process by which cells internalize a piece of plasma membrane and material from the outside. In cells with turgor, pressure opposes membrane deformations, and increases the amount of force that has to be generated by the endocytic machinery. To determine this force, and calculate the shape of the membrane, we used physical theory to model an elastic surface under pressure. Accurate fits of experimental profiles are obtained assuming that the coated membrane is highly rigid and preferentially curved at the endocytic site. The forces required from the actin machinery peaks at the onset of deformation, indicating that once invagination has been initiated, endocytosis is unlikely to stall before completion. Coat proteins do not lower the initiation force but may affect the process by the curvature they induce. In the presence of isotropic curvature inducers, pulling the tip of the invagination can trigger the formation of a neck at the base of the invagination. Hence direct neck constriction by actin may not be required, while its pulling role is essential. Finally, the theory shows that anisotropic curvature effectors stabilize membrane invaginations, and the loss of crescent-shaped BAR domain proteins such as Rvs167 could therefore trigger membrane scission. Cells use endocytosis to intake molecules and to recycle components of their membrane. Even in its simplest form, endocytosis involves a large number of proteins with often redundant functions that are organized into a microscopic force-producing “machine”. Knowing how much force is needed to induce a membrane invagination is essential to understand how this endocytic machine may operate. We show that experimental membrane shapes are well described theoretically by a thin sheet elastic model including a difference of pressure across the membrane due to turgor. This allows us to integrate the different contributions that shape the membrane, and to compute the forces opposing membrane deformation. This calculation provides an estimate of the pulling force that must be generated by the actin machinery in yeast. We also identify a membrane instability that could lead to vesicle budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Dmitrieff
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Nédélec
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Plattner H. Signalling in ciliates: long- and short-range signals and molecular determinants for cellular dynamics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:60-107. [PMID: 26487631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In ciliates, unicellular representatives of the bikont branch of evolution, inter- and intracellular signalling pathways have been analysed mainly in Paramecium tetraurelia, Paramecium multimicronucleatum and Tetrahymena thermophila and in part also in Euplotes raikovi. Electrophysiology of ciliary activity in Paramecium spp. is a most successful example. Established signalling mechanisms include plasmalemmal ion channels, recently established intracellular Ca2+ -release channels, as well as signalling by cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ . Ca2+ -binding proteins (calmodulin, centrin) and Ca2+ -activated enzymes (kinases, phosphatases) are involved. Many organelles are endowed with specific molecules cooperating in signalling for intracellular transport and targeted delivery. Among them are recently specified soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), monomeric GTPases, H+ -ATPase/pump, actin, etc. Little specification is available for some key signal transducers including mechanosensitive Ca2+ -channels, exocyst complexes and Ca2+ -sensor proteins for vesicle-vesicle/membrane interactions. The existence of heterotrimeric G-proteins and of G-protein-coupled receptors is still under considerable debate. Serine/threonine kinases dominate by far over tyrosine kinases (some predicted by phosphoproteomic analyses). Besides short-range signalling, long-range signalling also exists, e.g. as firmly installed microtubular transport rails within epigenetically determined patterns, thus facilitating targeted vesicle delivery. By envisaging widely different phenomena of signalling and subcellular dynamics, it will be shown (i) that important pathways of signalling and cellular dynamics are established already in ciliates, (ii) that some mechanisms diverge from higher eukaryotes and (iii) that considerable uncertainties still exist about some essential aspects of signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Plattner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, PO Box M625, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan Li
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pei Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Crupi MJF, Yoganathan P, Bone LN, Lian E, Fetz A, Antonescu CN, Mulligan LM. Distinct Temporal Regulation of RET Isoform Internalization: Roles of Clathrin and AP2. Traffic 2015; 16:1155-73. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Piriya Yoganathan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Leslie N. Bone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Eric Lian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Andrew Fetz
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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Fernández-Acero T, Rodríguez-Escudero I, Molina M, Cid VJ. The yeast cell wall integrity pathway signals from recycling endosomes upon elimination of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate by mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2272-84. [PMID: 26261079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] is essential for recognition of the plasma membrane inner leaf by protein complexes. We expressed mammalian class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to eliminate PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by its conversion into PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), a lipid naturally missing in this yeast. This led to loss of actin function and endocytosis defects, causing a blockage in polarized secretion. Also, the cell wall integrity (CWI) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was activated, triggering a typical transcriptional response. In the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) at the plasma membrane, the Pkc1 protein kinase upstream the CWI MAPK module localized to post-Golgi endosomes marked by SNARE Snc1 and Rab GTPases Ypt31 and Ypt32. Other components at the head of the pathway, like the mechanosensor Wsc1, the GTPase Rho1 and its activator the GDP/GTP exchange factor Rom2, co-localized with Pkc1 in these compartments. Chemical inhibition of PI3K proved that both CWI activation and Pkc1 relocation to endosomes are reversible. These results suggest that the CWI pathway is able to respond to loss of plasma membrane identity from recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fernández-Acero
- Dpto. de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Escudero
- Dpto. de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Dpto. de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor J Cid
- Dpto. de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Henriques S, Huang YH, Chaousis S, Sani MA, Poth A, Separovic F, Craik D. The Prototypic Cyclotide Kalata B1 Has a Unique Mechanism of Entering Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1087-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gao W, Xu J, Wang F, Zhang L, Peng R, Shu Y, Wu J, Tang Q, Zhu Y. Plasma membrane proteomic analysis of human Gastric Cancer tissues: revealing flotillin 1 as a marker for Gastric Cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:367. [PMID: 25948494 PMCID: PMC4525731 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Successful early gastric cancer detection is hampered by lack of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. Plasma membrane proteins participate and/or have a central role in the metastatic process of cancer cells and are potentially useful for cancer therapy due to easy accessibility of the targets. Methods In the present research, TMT method followed by mass spectrometry analysis was used to compare the relative expression levels of plasma membrane proteins between noncancer and gastric cancer tissues. Results Of a total data set that included 501 identified proteins, about 35% of the identified proteins were found to be plasma membrane and associated proteins. Among them, 82 proteins were at least 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated in gastric cancer compared with the adherent normal tissues. Conclusions A number of markers (e.g. annexin A6, caveolin 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, integrin beta 4) were previously reported as biomarkers of GC. Additionally, several potential biomarkers participated in endocytosis pathway and integrin signaling pathways were firstly identified as differentially expressed proteins in GC samples. Our findings also supported the notion that flotillin 1 is a potential biomarker that could be exploited for molecular imaging-based detection of gastric cancer. Together, the results show that subcellular proteomics of tumor tissue is a feasible and promising avenue for exploring oncogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1343-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Department of Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Department of Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Analysis Center of Nanjing Medical University, 104 Hanzhong Road, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Rui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jindao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university, 300 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Analysis Center of Nanjing Medical University, 104 Hanzhong Road, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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Schifferer M, Feng S, Stein F, Tischer C, Schultz C. Reversible chemical dimerizer-induced recovery of PIP2 levels moves clathrin to the plasma membrane. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2862-7. [PMID: 25840797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical dimerizers are powerful non-invasive tools for bringing molecules together inside intact cells. We recently introduced a rapidly reversible chemical dimerizer system which enables transient translocation of enzymes to and from the plasma membrane (PM). Here we have applied this system to transiently activate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) breakdown at the PM via translocation of phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase (5Ptase). We found that the PIP2 sensor phospholipase C-δ PH domain (PLCδ-PH) is released from the PM upon addition of the reversible chemical dimerizer rCD1. By outcompeting rCD1, rapid release of the 5Ptase from the PM is followed by PIP2 recovery. This permits the observation of the PIP2-dependent clathrin assembly at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schifferer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suihan Feng
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Tischer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Picco A, Mund M, Ries J, Nédélec F, Kaksonen M. Visualizing the functional architecture of the endocytic machinery. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25675087 PMCID: PMC4357291 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential process that forms vesicles from the plasma membrane. Although most of the protein components of the endocytic protein machinery have been thoroughly characterized, their organization at the endocytic site is poorly understood. We developed a fluorescence microscopy method to track the average positions of yeast endocytic proteins in relation to each other with a time precision below 1 s and with a spatial precision of ∼10 nm. With these data, integrated with shapes of endocytic membrane intermediates and with superresolution imaging, we could visualize the dynamic architecture of the endocytic machinery. We showed how different coat proteins are distributed within the coat structure and how the assembly dynamics of N-BAR proteins relate to membrane shape changes. Moreover, we found that the region of actin polymerization is located at the base of the endocytic invagination, with the growing ends of filaments pointing toward the plasma membrane. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04535.001 Cells take up proteins and other useful material (called cargo) from their external environment through a process known as endocytosis. To start with, the cargo accumulates in a patch on the surface of the cell. On the inner side of the cell's membrane, a protein called clathrin gathers around the patch of cargo. Clathrin molecules and many other proteins bind together to make a lattice-like coat that causes the membrane to curve inwards and form a pocket that contains the cargo. This continues until the cargo is completely surrounded by membrane and eventually forms a bubble-like structure, or ‘vesicle’, that moves into the cell. More than 50 other proteins are involved in the endocytosis. These proteins arrive at the site of endocytosis in a particular order, complete their tasks and then move away to be used in further rounds of endocytosis. It is not clear how these proteins are organized to complete these steps because it is technically difficult to track the movements of many proteins at the same time. Here, Picco et al. developed a new fluorescence microscopy method that enabled them to track the positions of many of the proteins involved in endocytosis in yeast cells in real time. The experiments revealed when the proteins arrived at the site of endocytosis and how they assembled in relation to the membrane. For example, a group of proteins called N-BAR proteins formed an extended lattice covering the sides of the pocket that forms as the membrane curves inwards. To transform the flat membrane into a vesicle, a network of filaments made of a protein called actin needs to form at the site of endocytosis. The new method shows that the actin filaments grow in a small region at the base of the developing vesicle. By combining different types of microscopy data, Picco et al. were able to build a comprehensive model describing when the proteins involved in endocytosis move and assemble. The next challenge will be to understand the physics behind the molecular machine composed of these many proteins and the cell membrane. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04535.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picco
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Mund
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Nédélec
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Severin ES. New approaches to targeted drug delivery to tumour cells. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang Y, Persson S, Hirst J, Robinson MS, van Damme D, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Change your TPLATE, change your fate: plant CME and beyond. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:41-8. [PMID: 25278268 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the predominant and evolutionarily conserved pathway by which eukaryotes internalize cargoes (i.e., plasma membrane proteins, lipids, and extracellular material) that are engaged in a variety of processes. Initiation of CME relies on adaptor proteins, which precisely select the cargoes for internalization, recruit the clathrin cage, and start membrane curvature. The recently identified CME early adaptor complex, the TPLATE complex (TPC), is essential for CME in plants. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the TPC evolved from an ancient protein complex involved in vesicle trafficking in early eukaryotes, which raises questions about CME evolution and adaptation within the eukaryotic Kingdoms. In this review, we focus on the early events of plant CME and explore evolutionary aspects related to CME in other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Margaret S Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel van Damme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Gent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Rai S, Tanaka H, Suzuki M, Ogoh H, Taniguchi Y, Morita Y, Shimada T, Tanimura A, Matsui K, Yokota T, Oritani K, Tanabe K, Watanabe T, Kanakura Y, Matsumura I. Clathrin assembly protein CALM plays a critical role in KIT signaling by regulating its cellular transport from early to late endosomes in hematopoietic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109441. [PMID: 25279552 PMCID: PMC4184852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CALM is implicated in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles, which mediate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of growth factor receptors and nutrients. We previously found that CALM-deficient mice suffer from severe anemia due to the impaired clathrin-mediated endocytosis of transferrin receptor in immature erythroblast. However, CALM has been supposed to regulate the growth and survival of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. So, in this study, we focused on the function of CALM in these cells. We here show that the number of Linage−Sca-1+KIT+ (LSK) cells decreased in the fetal liver of CALM−/− mice. Also, colony forming activity was impaired in CALM−/− LSK cells. In addition, SCF, FLT3, and TPO-dependent growth was severely impaired in CALM−/− LSK cells, while they can normally proliferate in response to IL-3 and IL-6. We also examined the intracellular trafficking of KIT using CALM−/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) engineered to express KIT. At first, we confirmed that endocytosis of SCF-bound KIT was not impaired in CALM−/− MEFs by the internalization assay. However, SCF-induced KIT trafficking from early to late endosome was severely impaired in CALM−/− MEFs. As a result, although intracellular KIT disappeared 30 min after SCF stimulation in wild-type (WT) MEFs, it was retained in CALM−/− MEFs. Furthermore, SCF-induced phosphorylation of cytosolic KIT was enhanced and prolonged in CALM−/− MEFs compared with that in WT MEFs, leading to the excessive activation of Akt. Similar hyperactivation of Akt was observed in CALM−/− KIT+ cells. These results indicate that CALM is essential for the intracellular trafficking of KIT and its normal functions. Also, our data demonstrate that KIT located in the early endosome can activate downstream molecules as a signaling endosome. Because KIT activation is involved in the pathogenesis of some malignancies, the manipulation of CALM function would be an attractive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Honami Ogoh
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Morita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hayashi Y, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Tanikawa T, Oka S, Tsuchiya K, Zama K, Mitsutake S, Sugiura T, Yamashita A. Sphingomyelin synthase 2, but not sphingomyelin synthase 1, is involved in HIV-1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30842-30856. [PMID: 25231990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion between the viral envelope and plasma membranes of target cells has previously been correlated with HIV-1 infection. Lipids in the plasma membrane, including sphingomyelin, may be crucially involved in HIV-1 infection; however, the role of lipid-metabolic enzymes in membrane fusion remains unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) in HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion using a cell-cell fusion assay with HIV-1 mimetics and their target cells. We employed reconstituted cells as target cells that stably express Sms1 or Sms2 in Sms-deficient cells. Fusion susceptibility was ∼5-fold higher in Sms2-expressing cells (not in Sms1-expressing cells) than in Sms-deficient cells. The enhancement of fusion susceptibility observed in Sms2-expressing cells was reversed and reduced by Sms2 knockdown. We also found that catalytically nonactive Sms2 promoted membrane fusion susceptibility. Moreover, SMS2 co-localized and was constitutively associated with the HIV receptor·co-receptor complex in the plasma membrane. In addition, HIV-1 Env treatment resulted in a transient increase in nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) phosphorylation in Sms2-expressing and catalytically nonactive Sms2-expressing cells. We observed that F-actin polymerization in the region of membrane fusion was more prominent in Sms2-expressing cells than Sms-deficient cells. Taken together, our research provides insight into a novel function of SMS2 which is the regulation of HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion via actin rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Kiyoto Tsuchiya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655
| | - Kouta Zama
- Departments of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, and
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605,.
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