1
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Kaurani L. Clinical Insights into MicroRNAs in Depression: Bridging Molecular Discoveries and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2866. [PMID: 38474112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. The discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis or prediction of treatment responses and as therapeutic agents is a current priority. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of short RNA molecules in the etiology of depression. The most extensively researched of these are microRNAs, a major component of cellular gene regulation and function. MicroRNAs function in a temporal and tissue-specific manner to regulate and modify the post-transcriptional expression of target mRNAs. They can also be shuttled as cargo of extracellular vesicles between the brain and the blood, thus informing about relevant mechanisms in the CNS through the periphery. In fact, studies have already shown that microRNAs identified peripherally are dysregulated in the pathological phenotypes seen in depression. Our article aims to review the existing evidence on microRNA dysregulation in depression and to summarize and evaluate the growing body of evidence for the use of microRNAs as a target for diagnostics and RNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kaurani
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Perooli FM, Wilkinson KA, Pring K, Hanley JG. An essential role for the RNA helicase DDX6 in NMDA receptor-dependent gene silencing and dendritic spine shrinkage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3066. [PMID: 38321143 PMCID: PMC10847504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress translation of target mRNAs by associating with Argonaute (Ago) proteins in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to modulate protein expression. Specific miRNAs are required for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity by repressing the translation of proteins involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Rapid NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 is essential for spine shrinkage and requires Ago2 phosphorylation at S387. Not all gene silencing events are modulated by S387 phosphorylation, and the mechanisms that govern the selection of specific mRNAs for silencing downstream of S387 phosphorylation are unknown. Here, we show that NMDAR-dependent S387 phosphorylation causes a rapid and transient increase in the association of Ago2 with Limk1, but not Apt1 mRNA. The specific increase in Limk1 mRNA binding to Ago2 requires recruitment of the helicase DDX6 to RISC. Furthermore, we show that DDX6 is required for NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 via miR-134, but not Apt1 via miR-138, and is essential for NMDAR-dependent spine shrinkage. This work defines a novel mechanism for the rapid transduction of NMDAR stimulation into miRNA-mediated translational repression of specific genes to control dendritic spine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima M Perooli
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate Pring
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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3
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Gerace E, Curti L, Caffino L, Bigagli E, Mottarlini F, Castillo Díaz F, Ilari A, Luceri C, Dani C, Fumagalli F, Masi A, Mannaioni G. Ethanol-induced AMPA alterations are mediated by mGLU5 receptors through miRNA upregulation in hippocampal slices. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175878. [PMID: 37433363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects neuronal networks and brain development causing a range of physical, cognitive and behavioural disorders in newborns that persist into adulthood. The array of consequences associated with PAE can be grouped under the umbrella-term 'fetal alcohol spectrum disorders' (FASD). Unfortunately, there is no cure for FASD as the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology are still unknown. We have recently demonstrated that chronic EtOH exposure, followed by withdrawal, induces a significant decrease in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression and function in developing hippocampus in vitro. Here, we explored the EtOH-dependent pathways leading to hippocampal AMPAR suppression. Organotypic hippocampal slices (2 days in cultures) were exposed to EtOH (150 mM) for 7 days followed by 24 h EtOH withdrawal. Then, the slices were analysed by means of RT-PCR for miRNA content, western blotting for AMPA and NMDA related-synaptic proteins expression in postsynaptic compartment and electrophysiology to record electrical properties from CA1 pyramidal neurons. We observed that EtOH induces a significant downregulation of postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA subunits and relative scaffolding protein expression and, accordingly, a decrease of AMPA-mediated neurotransmission. Simultaneously, we found that chronic EtOH induced-upregulation of miRNA 137 and 501-3p and decreased AMPA-mediated neurotransmission are prevented by application of the selective mGlu5 antagonist MPEP during EtOH withdrawal. Our data indicate mGlu5 via miRNA137 and 501-3p expression as key factors in the regulation of AMPAergic neurotransmission that may contribute, at least in part, to the pathogenesis of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DSS), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Curti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ilari
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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4
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Toyama K, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Maruyama K, Osawa H, Mogi M, Takata Y. Serum microRNA-501-3p is a potential diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment: Ehime genome study. J Neurochem 2023; 166:960-971. [PMID: 37439367 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction disruption and dysfunction are involved in the progression of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Recent investigations have revealed BBB disruption in patients with vascular cognitive decline. Our previous studies showed that miR-501-3p negatively regulates cerebral endothelial tight junction protein-1, resulting in the disruption of the BBB, and playing an important role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment. BBB breakdown in white matter lesions is often seen in the patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We therefore hypothesize that most early-phase MCI patients may demonstrate elevated expression of miR-501-3p and sought to investigate whether serum exosome miR-501-3p levels could be a clinical indicator for detecting mild cognitive impairment. One hundred and seventy-eight subjects (aged 73 [68-75] years, 53% male) were recruited for this study. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used for detecting MCI. Serum exosome miR-501-3p expression levels were measured by qPCR methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether their miR-501-3p ∆Ct values were above ("High"; n = 74) or below ("Low"; n = 104) cutoff levels determined by ROC curve. MCI was detected significantly more often in the miR-501-3p-High group (vs. -Low group, 63.5% vs. 47.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between MCI status and High miR-501-3p (odds ratio 2.662; p < 0.01), improved vs. known risk factors. In non-diabetic patients, High miR-501-3p was positively associated with MCI status (odds ratio 3.633; p < 0.01) and also positively associated with MCI status in those with atherosclerosis (odds ratio 3.219; p < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that elevated expression of blood exosomal miR-501-3p can indicate the presence of MCI in human patients. Early detection of vascular injuries may allow a reduction in progressive dementia through the management of vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Unit, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua M Spin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Unit, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Unit, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Unit, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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5
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Devara D, Choudhary Y, Kumar S. Role of MicroRNA-502-3p in Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040532. [PMID: 37111289 PMCID: PMC10144852 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play a major role in gene regulation in several diseases. MicroRNA-502-3p (MiR-502-3p) has been previously characterized in a variety of human diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, tuberculosis, cancers, and neurological disorders. Our studies recently explored the new role of miR-502-3p in regulating synapse function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the most common cause of dementia in elderly individuals. Synapse is the initial target that is hit during AD progression. The most common causes of synapse dysfunction in AD are amyloid beta, hyperphosphorylated tau, and microglia activation. MiR-502-3p was found to be localized and overexpressed in the AD synapses. Overexpression of miR-502-3p was correlated with AD severity in terms of Braak stages. Studies have shown that miR-502-3p modulates the glutaminergic and GABAergic synapse function in AD. The current study’s emphasis is to discuss the in-depth roles of miR-502-3p in human diseases and AD and the future possibilities concerning miR-502-3p as a therapeutic for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Devara
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Yashmit Choudhary
- Maxine L. Silva Health Magnet High School, 121 Val Verde St., El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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6
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Research Progress on Exosomes and MicroRNAs in the Microenvironment of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3583-3597. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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7
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Liang W, Hou Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Jiang T, Huang X, Wang Z, Wu F, Zheng J, Zhang J, Ou H, Li S, Ping J, Zhang Y, Ye J, Li Z, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zheng X, Li S, Zhu XH, Chen R, Zhao C. Loss of schizophrenia-related miR-501-3p in mice impairs sociability and memory by enhancing mGluR5-mediated glutamatergic transmission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7357. [PMID: 35984881 PMCID: PMC9390987 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a polygenetic disease, the heterogeneity of which is likely complicated by epigenetic modifications yet to be elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood RNA from monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and identified a schizophrenia-associated down-regulated microRNA, miR-501-3p. We showed that the loss of miR-501-3p in germline knockout (KO) male mice resulted in dendritic structure defects, glutamatergic transmission enhancement, and sociability, memory, and sensorimotor gating disruptions, which were attenuated when miR-501 expression was conditionally restored in the nervous system. Combining the results of proteomic analyses with the known genes linked to schizophrenia revealed that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) was one of the miR-501-3p targets and was elevated in vivo upon loss of miR-501. Treatment with the mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator 3-2((-methyl-4-thiazolyl) ethynyl) pyridine or the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ameliorated the deficits observed in Mir501-KO mice. The epigenetic and pathophysiological mechanism that links miR-501-3p to the modulation of glutamatergic transmission provides etiological implications for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yunqian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyun Jiang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongju Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, China
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Ou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiao Ping
- The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Junping Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianzhen Zheng
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science and Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Hong Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, China
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunyou Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Gao YN, Zhang YQ, Wang H, Deng YL, Li NM. A New Player in Depression: MiRNAs as Modulators of Altered Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094555. [PMID: 35562946 PMCID: PMC9101307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a psychiatric disorder that presents with a persistent depressed mood as the main clinical feature and is accompanied by cognitive impairment. Changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis greatly affect depression. Without genetic changes, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to function by regulating gene expression during the body’s adaptation to stress. Studies in recent years have shown that as important regulatory factors in epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of depression through the regulation of protein expression. Herein, we review the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated neuroplasticity in depression and discus synaptic structural plasticity, synaptic functional plasticity, and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we found that miRNAs regulate neuroplasticity through several signalling pathways to affect cognitive functions. However, these pathways do not work independently. Therefore, we try to identify synergistic correlations between miRNAs and multiple signalling pathways to broaden the potential pathogenesis of depression. In addition, in the future, dual-function miRNAs (protection/injury) are promising candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression, and their regulated genes can potentially be used as target genes for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yong-Qian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.-L.D.)
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yu-Lin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.-L.D.)
| | - Nuo-Min Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-N.G.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Benameur T, Panaro MA, Porro C. Exosomes and their Cargo as a New Avenue for Brain and Treatment of CNS-Related Diseases. Open Neurol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2201190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which belong to nanoscale vesicles, including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are now considered a new important tool for intercellular neuronal communication in the Central Nervous System (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shed into blood, peripheral body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a large variety of cells.
EVs can act locally on neighboring and distant cells. EVs represent the fingerprints of the originating cells and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including protein, lipids, DNA and microRNAs (miRNAs).
The most studied EVs are the exosomes because they are ubiquitous and have the capacity to transfer cell-derived components and bioactive molecules to target cells. In this minireview, we focused on cell-cell communication in CNS mediated by exosomes and their important cargo as an innovative way to treat or follow up with CNS diseases.
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Abstract
Knowledge of the biology of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is a prerequisite for any student of the neurosciences. But yet, half a century ago, the situation was quite different. There was fierce debate on whether simple amino acids, such as l-glutamic acid (L-Glu), should even be considered as putative neurotransmitter candidates that drive excitatory synaptic signaling in the vertebrate brain. Organic chemist, Jeff Watkins, and physiologist, Dick Evans, were amongst the pioneering scientists who shed light on these tribulations. By combining their technical expertise, they performed foundational work that explained that the actions of L-Glu were, in fact, mediated by a family of ion-channels that they named NMDA-, AMPA- and kainate-selective iGluRs. To celebrate and reflect upon their seminal work, Neuropharmacology has commissioned a series of issues that are dedicated to each member of the Glutamate receptor superfamily that includes both ionotropic and metabotropic classes. This issue brings together nine timely reviews from researchers whose work has brought renewed focus on AMPA receptors (AMPARs), the predominant neurotransmitter receptor at central synapses. Together with the larger collection of papers on other GluR family members, these issues highlight that the excitement, passion, and clarity that Watkins and Evans brought to the study of iGluRs is unlikely to fade as we move into a new era on this most interesting of ion-channel families.
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miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313012. [PMID: 34884818 PMCID: PMC8657443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-dependent, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 50–70% of all dementia cases. Due to the increasing incidence and corresponding socioeconomic burden of dementia, it has rapidly emerged as a challenge to public health worldwide. The characteristics of AD include the development of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, vascular changes, neuronal inflammation, and progressive brain atrophy. However, the complexity of the biology of AD has hindered progress in elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, and the development of effective treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, which are endogenous, noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that function as posttranscriptional regulators of various genes) are attracting attention as powerful tools for studying the mechanisms of diseases, as they are involved in several biological processes and diseases, including AD. AD is a multifactorial disease, and several reports have suggested that miRNAs play an important role in the pathological processes of AD. In this review, the basic biology of miRNAs is described, and the function and physiology of miRNAs in the pathological processes of AD are highlighted. In addition, the limitations of current pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of AD and the development of miRNA-based next-generation therapies are discussed.
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12
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Abuelezz NZ, Nasr FE, AbdulKader MA, Bassiouny AR, Zaky A. MicroRNAs as Potential Orchestrators of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies: Insights on Current Status and Future Possibilities. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:743573. [PMID: 34712129 PMCID: PMC8546247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.743573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and deleterious neurodegenerative disease, strongly affecting the cognitive functions and memory of seniors worldwide. Around 58% of the affected patients live in low and middle-income countries, with estimates of increasing deaths caused by AD in the coming decade. AD is a multifactor pathology. Mitochondrial function declines in AD brain and is currently emerging as a hallmark of this disease. It has been considered as one of the intracellular processes severely compromised in AD. Many mitochondrial parameters decline already during aging; mitochondrial efficiency for energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, to reach an extensive functional failure, concomitant with the onset of neurodegenerative conditions. Besides its impact on cognitive functions, AD is characterized by loss of synapses, extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, accompanied by drastic sleep disorders, sensory function alterations and pain sensitization. Unfortunately, till date, effective management of AD-related disorders and early, non-invasive AD diagnostic markers are yet to be found. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding nucleic acids that regulate key signaling pathway(s) in various disease conditions. About 70% of experimentally detectable miRNAs are expressed in the brain where they regulate neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic plasticity. Increasing studies suggest that miRNAs are intimately involved in synaptic function and specific signals during memory formation. This has been the pivotal key for considering miRNAs crucial molecules to be studied in AD. MicroRNAs dysfunctions are increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal contributor in AD via deregulating genes involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, miRNAs have been proved to control pain sensitization processes and regulate circadian clock system that affects the sleep process. Interestingly, the differential expression of miRNA panels implies their emerging potential as diagnostic AD biomarkers. In this review, we will present an updated analysis of miRNAs role in regulating signaling processes that are involved in AD-related pathologies. We will discuss the current challenges against wider use of miRNAs and the future promising capabilities of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic means for better management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Z Abuelezz
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayza Eid Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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He L, Chen S, Ying Y, Xie H, Li J, Ma X, Wang W, Shen H, Wang X, Zheng X, Xie L. MicroRNA-501-3p inhibits the proliferation of kidney cancer cells by targeting WTAP. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7222-7232. [PMID: 34595849 PMCID: PMC8525086 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that miR-501-3p plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of various carcinomas. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain to be elucidated. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and bioinformatics methods were used to evaluate the expression of miR-501-3p and Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) in RCC cell lines and clinical tissues. The effects of miR-501-3p on the proliferation of RCC cells were investigated using flow cytometric, colony formation, and CCK8 assays. The target gene of miR-501-3p was confirmed by western blotting, qRT-PCR, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The levels of RNA methylation with N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) following miR-501-3p overexpression or knockdown of its target gene were quantified using a dot-blot assay. RESULTS miR-501-3p expression was significantly downregulated in human RCC cell lines and tissues. In contrast, its overexpression markedly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro by inducing G1 phase arrest. Moreover, WTAP was verified as a direct target gene of miR-501-3p. WTAP gene knockdown alone efficiently produced the same cancer-inhibiting effects as miR-501-3p overexpression, with the level of m6 A in RCC cells being decreased under both scenarios. The intermolecular interaction between miR-501-3p and WTAP was further substantiated by rescue experiments. CONCLUSION RCC progression is regulated via the miR-501-3p/WTAP/CDK2 axis and is inhibited by the overexpression of miR-501-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujia He
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Ma
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Shen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
The function of the nervous system in conveying and processing information necessary to interact with the environment confers unique aspects on how the expression of genes in neurons is regulated. Three salient factors are that (1) neurons are the largest and among the most morphologically complex of all cells, with strict polarity, subcellular compartmentation, and long-distant transport of gene products, signaling molecules, and other materials; (2) information is coded in the temporal firing pattern of membrane depolarization; and (3) neurons must maintain a stable homeostatic level of activation to function so stimuli do not normally drive intracellular signaling to steady state. Each of these factors can require special methods of analysis differing from approaches used in non-neuronal cells. This review considers these three aspects of neuronal gene expression and the current approaches being used to analyze these special features of how the neuronal transcriptome is modulated by action potential firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Lee
- Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. Douglas Fields
- Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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García-Fonseca Á, Martin-Jimenez C, Barreto GE, Pachón AFA, González J. The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective of Machine Learning. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1132. [PMID: 34439798 PMCID: PMC8391852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and death of brain cells population. As the early manifestations of NDs are similar, their symptoms are difficult to distinguish, making the timely detection and discrimination of each neurodegenerative disorder a priority. Several investigations have revealed the importance of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function, maturation, and neuronal activity, as well as its dysregulation involved in many types of neurological diseases. Therefore, the expression pattern of these molecules in the different NDs have gained significant attention to improve the diagnostic and treatment at earlier stages. In this sense, we gather the different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been reported as dysregulated in each disorder. Since there are a vast number of non-coding RNAs altered in NDs, some sort of synthesis, filtering and organization method should be applied to extract the most relevant information. Hence, machine learning is considered as an important tool for this purpose since it can classify expression profiles of non-coding RNAs between healthy and sick people. Therefore, we deepen in this branch of computer science, its different methods, and its meaningful application in the diagnosis of NDs from the dysregulated non-coding RNAs. In addition, we demonstrate the relevance of machine learning in NDs from the description of different investigations that showed an accuracy between 85% to 95% in the detection of the disease with this tool. All of these denote that artificial intelligence could be an excellent alternative to help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the identification diseases in early stages based on non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela García-Fonseca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Andres Felipe Aristizábal Pachón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
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16
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Hanley JG. Regulation of AMPAR expression by microRNAs. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108723. [PMID: 34274347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are the major excitatory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain, and their expression at synapses is a critical determinant of synaptic transmission and therefore brain function. Synaptic plasticity involves increases or decreases in synaptic strength, caused by changes in the number or subunit-specific subtype of AMPARs expressed at synapses, and resulting in modifications of functional connectivity of neuronal circuits, a process which is thought to underpin learning and the formation or loss of memories. Furthermore, numerous neurological disorders involve dysregulation of excitatory synaptic transmission or aberrant recruitment of plasticity processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the translation of target genes by partial complementary base pairing with mRNAs, and are the core component of a mechanism widely used in a range of cell processes for regulating protein translation. MiRNA-dependent translational repression can occur locally in neuronal dendrites, close to synapses, and can also result in relatively rapid changes in protein expression. MiRNAs are therefore well-placed to regulate synaptic plasticity via the local control of AMPAR subunit synthesis, and can also result in synaptic dysfunction in the event of dysregulation in disease. Here, I will review the miRNAs that have been identified as playing a role in physiological or pathological changes in AMPAR subunit expression at synapses, focussing on miRNAs that target mRNAs encoding AMPAR subunits, and on miRNAs that target AMPAR accessory proteins involved in AMPAR trafficking and hence the regulation of AMPAR synaptic localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Hanley
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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17
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Rajgor D, Welle TM, Smith KR. The Coordination of Local Translation, Membranous Organelle Trafficking, and Synaptic Plasticity in Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711446. [PMID: 34336865 PMCID: PMC8317219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly complex polarized cells, displaying an extraordinary degree of spatial compartmentalization. At presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, far from the cell body, local protein synthesis is utilized to continually modify the synaptic proteome, enabling rapid changes in protein production to support synaptic function. Synapses undergo diverse forms of plasticity, resulting in long-term, persistent changes in synapse strength, which are paramount for learning, memory, and cognition. It is now well-established that local translation of numerous synaptic proteins is essential for many forms of synaptic plasticity, and much work has gone into deciphering the strategies that neurons use to regulate activity-dependent protein synthesis. Recent studies have pointed to a coordination of the local mRNA translation required for synaptic plasticity and the trafficking of membranous organelles in neurons. This includes the co-trafficking of RNAs to their site of action using endosome/lysosome “transports,” the regulation of activity-dependent translation at synapses, and the role of mitochondria in fueling synaptic translation. Here, we review our current understanding of these mechanisms that impact local translation during synaptic plasticity, providing an overview of these novel and nuanced regulatory processes involving membranous organelles in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Rajgor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Theresa M Welle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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18
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Local miRNA-Dependent Translational Control of GABA AR Synthesis during Inhibitory Long-Term Potentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107785. [PMID: 32579917 PMCID: PMC7486624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity at brain inhibitory synapses remain poorly characterized. Increased postsynaptic clustering of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) rapidly strengthens inhibition during inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP). However, it is unclear how synaptic GABAAR clustering is maintained to sustain iLTP. Here, we identify a role for miR376c in regulating the translation of mRNAs encoding the synaptic α1 and γ2 GABAAR subunits, GABRA1 and GABRG2, respectively. Following iLTP induction, transcriptional repression of miR376c is induced through a calcineurin-NFAT-HDAC signaling pathway and promotes increased translation and clustering of synaptic GABAARs. This pathway is essential for the long-term expression of iLTP and is blocked by miR376c overexpression, specifically impairing inhibitory synaptic strength. Finally, we show that local de novo synthesis of synaptic GABAARs occurs exclusively in dendrites and in a miR376c-dependent manner following iLTP. Together, this work describes a local post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates inhibitory synaptic plasticity via miRNA control of dendritic protein synthesis. Clustering of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses is crucial for synaptic inhibition. Rajgor et al. discover that synaptic GABAAR expression is controlled by their local translation, regulated by miR376c. During inhibitory synaptic potentiation, miR376c is downregulated, relieving its translational repression of GABAAR mRNAs and leading to de novo synthesis of dendritic GABAARs.
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19
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Dwivedi Y. Differential and unique patterns of synaptic miRNA expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:900-910. [PMID: 32919404 PMCID: PMC8115313 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Altered synaptic plasticity is often associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Disease-associated changes in synaptic functions are tightly correlated with altered microRNA (miRNA) expression. Here, we examined the role of miRNAs and their functioning at the synapse in MDD by examining miRNA processing machinery at synapse and sequencing miRNAs and analyzing their functions in synaptic and total tissue fractions obtained from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of 15 MDD and 15 matched non-psychiatric control subjects. A total of 333 miRNAs were reliably detected in the total tissue fraction. Multiple testing following the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate [FDR] showed that 18 miRNAs were significantly altered (1 downregulated 4 up and 13 downregulated; p < 0.05) in MDD subjects. Out of 351 miRNAs reliably expressed in the synaptic fraction, 24 were uniquely expressed at synapse. In addition, 8 miRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-202-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-219a-2-3p; miR-511-5p, miR-483-5p showed significant (FDR corrected; p < 0.05) differential regulation in the synaptic fraction from dlPFC of MDD subjects. In vitro transfection studies and gene ontology revealed involvement of these altered miRNAs in synaptic plasticity, nervous system development, and neurogenesis. A shift in expression ratios (synaptic vs. total fraction) of miR-19b-3p, miR-376c-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-337-3p were also noted in the MDD group. Moreover, an inverse relationship between the expression of precursor (pre-miR-19b-1, pre-miR-199a-1 and pre-miR-199a-2) and mature (miR-19b-3p, miR-199a-3p) miRNAs was found. Although not significantly, several miRNA processing enzymes (DROSHA [95%], DICER [17%], TARBP2 [38%]) showed increased expression patterns in MDD subjects. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the regulation of miRNAs at the synapse and their possible roles in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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20
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Hao R, Sun B, Yang L, Ma C, Li S. RVG29-modified microRNA-loaded nanoparticles improve ischemic brain injury by nasal delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:772-781. [PMID: 32400219 PMCID: PMC7269067 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1760960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective nose-to-brain delivery needs to be developed to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Regulating miR-124 can effectively improve the symptoms of ischemic brain injury and provide a certain protective effect from brain damage after cerebral ischemia. We used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) with ischemic brain injury, and we delivered RVG29-NPs-miR124 intranasally to treat neurological damage after cerebral ischemia. Rhoa and neurological scores in rats treated by intranasal administration of RVG29-PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 were significantly lower than those in PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 nasal administration and RVG29-PLGA/miRNA-124 nasal administration group treated rats. These results indicate that the nose-to-brain delivery of PLGA/miRNA-124 conjugated with PEG and RVG29 alleviated the symptoms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, nasal delivery of RVG29-PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 could be a new method for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Bixi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuling Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
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21
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Siedlecki-Wullich D, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. microRNAs as Early Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Synaptic Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:113. [PMID: 33435363 PMCID: PMC7827653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect synaptic function from initial asymptomatic stages, long time before the onset of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Therefore, reliable biomarkers enabling early AD diagnosis and prognosis are needed to maximize the time window for therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as promising cost-effective and non-invasive biomarkers for AD, since they can be readily detected in different biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate synaptic homeostasis and plasticity processes, suggesting that they may be involved in early synaptic dysfunction during AD. Here, we review the current literature supporting a role of miRNAs during early synaptic deficits in AD, including recent studies evaluating their potential as AD biomarkers. Besides targeting genes related to Aβ and tau metabolism, several miRNAs also regulate synaptic-related proteins and transcription factors implicated in early synaptic deficits during AD. Furthermore, individual miRNAs and molecular signatures have been found to distinguish between prodromal AD and healthy controls. Overall, these studies highlight the relevance of considering synaptic-related miRNAs as potential biomarkers of early AD stages. However, further validation studies in large cohorts, including longitudinal studies, as well as implementation of standardized protocols, are needed to establish miRNA-based biomarkers as reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J. Miñano-Molina
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.J.M.-M.); (J.R.-Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Dysbindin-1 regulates mitochondrial fission and gamma oscillations. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4633-4651. [PMID: 33589740 PMCID: PMC8364574 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular ATP generators. They are dynamic structures undergoing fission and fusion. While much is known about the mitochondrial fission machinery, the mechanism of initiating fission and the significance of fission to neurophysiology are largely unclear. Gamma oscillations are synchronized neural activities that impose a great energy challenge to synapses. The cellular mechanism of fueling gamma oscillations has yet to be defined. Here, we show that dysbindin-1, a protein decreased in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia, is required for neural activity-induced fission by promoting Drp1 oligomerization. This process is engaged by gamma-frequency activities and in turn, supports gamma oscillations. Gamma oscillations and novel object recognition are impaired in dysbindin-1 null mice. These defects can be ameliorated by increasing mitochondrial fission. These findings identify a molecular mechanism for activity-induced mitochondrial fission, a role of mitochondrial fission in gamma oscillations, and mitochondrial fission as a potential target for improving cognitive functions.
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Grinkevich LN. The role of microRNAs in learning and long-term memory. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:885-896. [PMID: 35088002 PMCID: PMC8763713 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of long-term memory formation and ways to improve it (in the case of its impairment) remain an extremely difficult problem yet to be solved. Over the recent years, much attention has been
paid to microRNAs in this regard. MicroRNAs are unique endogenous non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in
length; each can regulate translation of hundreds of messenger RNA targets, thereby controlling entire gene networks. MicroRNAs are widely represented in the central nervous system. A large number of studies are currently
being conducted to investigate the role of microRNAs in the brain functioning. A number of microRNAs have
been shown to be involved in the process of synaptic plasticity, as well as in the long-term memory formation.
Disruption of microRNA biogenesis leads to significant cognitive dysfunctions. Moreover, impaired microRNA
biogenesis is one of the causes of the pathogenesis of mental disorders, neurodegenerative illnesses and senile
dementia, which are often accompanied by deterioration in the learning ability and by memory impairment.
Optimistic predictions are made that microRNAs can be used as targets for therapeutic treatment and for diagnosing the above pathologies. The importance of applications related to microRNAs significantly raises interest
in studying their functions in the brain. Thus, this review is focused on the role of microRNAs in cognitive processes. It describes microRNA biogenesis and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, as well
as the latest achievements in studying the functional role of microRNAs in learning and in long-term memory
formation, depending on the activation or inhibition of their expression. The review presents summarized data
on the effect of impaired microRNA biogenesis on long-term memory formation, including those associated with
sleep deprivation. In addition, analysis is provided of the current literature related to the prospects of improving
cognitive processes by influencing microRNA biogenesis via the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies and active
mental and physical exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Grinkevich
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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24
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Manzine PR, Vatanabe IP, Peron R, Grigoli MM, Pedroso RV, Nascimento CMC, Cominetti MR. Blood-based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Long and Winding Road. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1300-1315. [PMID: 31942855 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers can be very useful in formulating new diagnostic and treatment proposals in the field of dementia, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to the influence of several factors on the reproducibility and reliability of these markers, their clinical use is still very uncertain. Thus, up-to-date knowledge about the main blood biomarkers that are currently being studied is extremely important in order to discover clinically useful and applicable tools, which could also be used as novel pharmacological strategies for the AD treatment. METHODS A narrative review was performed based on the current candidates of blood-based biomarkers for AD to show the main results from different studies, focusing on their clinical applicability and association with AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to carry out a literature review on the major blood-based biomarkers for AD, connecting them with the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Recent advances in the search of blood-based AD biomarkers were summarized in this review. The biomarkers were classified according to the topics related to the main hallmarks of the disease such as inflammation, amyloid, and tau deposition, synaptic degeneration and oxidative stress. Moreover, molecules involved in the regulation of proteins related to these hallmarks were described, such as non-coding RNAs, neurotrophins, growth factors and metabolites. Cells or cellular components with the potential to be considered as blood-based AD biomarkers were described in a separate topic. CONCLUSION A series of limitations undermine new discoveries on blood-based AD biomarkers. The lack of reproducibility of findings due to the small size and heterogeneity of the study population, different analytical methods and other assay conditions make longitudinal studies necessary in this field to validate these structures, especially when considering a clinical evaluation that includes a broad panel of these potential and promising blood-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Izabela P Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina M Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata V Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M C Nascimento
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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25
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miRNAs-dependent regulation of synapse formation and function. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:837-845. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Lu J, Zhou L, Wu B, Duan Y, Sun Y, Gu L, Xu D, Du C. MiR-501-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer by downregulating RAP1A. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111752. [PMID: 31805277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-501-3p (miR-501-3p) has been reported to play tumor-suppressive roles in different cancers; however, its expression pattern and biological function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In this study, we noted downregulation of miR-501-3p in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays showed that overexpression of miR-501-3p suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion. Moreover, miR-501-3p overexpression attenuated in vivo tumor growth in a nude mouse model. In terms of the mechanism, RAP1A was identified as a novel target of miR-501-3p. Overexpression of RAP1A strongly attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-501-3p on the capacity of NSCLC cells for proliferation and motility. In the clinical samples of NSCLC, miR-501-3p levels negatively correlated with RAP1A expression, which was upregulated in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-501-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC by directly targeting RAP1A mRNA and may serve as a theranostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Chunling Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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27
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Kiltschewskij D, Cairns MJ. Temporospatial guidance of activity-dependent gene expression by microRNA: mechanisms and functional implications for neural plasticity. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:533-545. [PMID: 30535081 PMCID: PMC6344879 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA are major regulators of neuronal gene expression at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. This layer of control is critical for spatially and temporally restricted gene expression, facilitating highly dynamic changes to cellular structure and function associated with neural plasticity. Investigation of microRNA function in the neural system, however, is at an early stage, and many aspects of the mechanisms employing these small non-coding RNAs remain unclear. In this article, we critically review current knowledge pertaining to microRNA function in neural activity, with emphasis on mechanisms of microRNA repression, their subcellular remodelling and functional impacts on neural plasticity and behavioural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kiltschewskij
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2323, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, 2323, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2323, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, 2323, Australia
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28
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Temporal dynamics of miRNAs in human DLPFC and its association with miRNA dysregulation in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:196. [PMID: 31431609 PMCID: PMC6702224 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain development is dependent on programmed gene expression, which is both genetically and epigenetically regulated. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is essential for brain development. As abnormal brain development is hypothesized to be associated with schizophrenia, miRNAs are an intriguing target for this disorder. The aims of this study were to determine the temporal dynamics of miRNA expression in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the relationship between miRNA's temporal expression pattern and dysregulation in schizophrenia. This study used next-generation sequencing to characterize the temporal dynamics of miRNA expression in the DLPFC of 109 normal subjects (second trimester-74 years of age) and miRNA expression changes in 34 schizophrenia patients. Unlike mRNAs, the majority of which exhibits a wave of change in fetuses, most miRNAs are preferentially expressed during a certain period before puberty. It is noted that in schizophrenia patients, miRNAs normally enriched in infants tend to be upregulated, while those normally enriched in prepuberty tend to be downregulated, and the targets of these miRNAs are enriched for genes encoding synaptic proteins and those associated with schizophrenia. In addition, miR-936 and miR-3162 were found to be increased in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia. These findings reveal the temporal dynamics of miRNAs in the human DLPFC, implicate the importance of miRNAs in DLPFC development, and suggest a possible link between schizophrenia and dysregulation of miRNAs enriched in infancy and prepuberty.
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29
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Harman MF, Martín MG. Epigenetic mechanisms related to cognitive decline during aging. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:234-246. [PMID: 31045277 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a hallmark of the aging nervous system, characterized by increasing memory loss and a deterioration of mental capacity, which in turn creates a favorable context for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most detrimental alterations that occur at the molecular level in the brain during aging is the modification of the epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. As a result of these epigenetic-driven changes in the transcriptome most of the functions of the brain including synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory decline with aging. The epigenetic mechanisms altered during aging include DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling, and microRNA-mediated gene regulation. In this review, we examine the current evidence concerning the changes of epigenetic modifications together with the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired neuronal gene transcription during aging. Herein, we discuss the alterations of DNA methylation pattern that occur in old neurons. We will also describe the most prominent age-related histone posttranslational modifications in the brain since changes in acetylation and methylation of specific lysine residues on H3 and H4 are associated to functional decline in the old. In addition, we discuss the role that changes in the levels of certain miRNAs would play in cognitive decline with aging. Finally, we provide an overview about the mechanisms either extrinsic or intrinsic that would trigger epigenetic changes in the aging brain, and the consequences of these changes, i.e., altered transcriptional profile and reactivation of transposable elements in old brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Harman
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio G Martín
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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30
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MicroRNA-186-5p controls GluA2 surface expression and synaptic scaling in hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5727-5736. [PMID: 30808806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900338116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic scaling is a negative feedback response to fluctuations in synaptic strength induced by developmental or learning-related processes, which maintains neuronal activity stable. Although several components of the synaptic scaling apparatus have been characterized, the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms promoting scaling remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs may contribute to posttranscriptional control of mRNAs implicated in different stages of synaptic scaling, but their role in these mechanisms is still undervalued. Here, we report that chronic blockade of glutamate receptors of the AMPA and NMDA types in hippocampal neurons in culture induces changes in the neuronal mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes, leading to synaptic upscaling. Specifically, we show that synaptic activity blockade persistently down-regulates miR-186-5p. Moreover, we describe a conserved miR-186-5p-binding site within the 3'UTR of the mRNA encoding the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit, and demonstrate that GluA2 is a direct target of miR-186-5p. Overexpression of miR-186 decreased GluA2 surface levels, increased synaptic expression of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors, and blocked synaptic scaling, whereas inhibition of miR-186-5p increased GluA2 surface levels and the amplitude and frequency of AMPA receptor-mediated currents, and mimicked excitatory synaptic scaling induced by synaptic inactivity. Our findings elucidate an activity-dependent miRNA-mediated mechanism for regulation of AMPA receptor expression.
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31
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Emerging Role of microRNAs in Dementia. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1743-1762. [PMID: 30738891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs regulating mRNA translation. They play a crucial role in regulating homeostasis in neurons, especially in regulating local and stimulation dependent protein synthesis. Since activity-mediated protein synthesis in neurons is critical for memory and cognition, microRNAs have become key players in modulating these processes. Dementia is a broad term used for symptoms involving decline of memory and cognition. Several studies have implicated the dysregulation of microRNAs in many brain diseases like neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injuries and dementia. In this review, we give an overview of microRNA-mediated regulation of proteins and cellular processes affected in dementia pathology, hence illustrating the importance of microRNAs in normal functioning. We also focus on a relatively less explored area in dementia pathology-the importance of activity-mediated protein synthesis at the synapse and the role of microRNAs in modulating this. Overall, this review will be helpful in looking at the significance of microRNAs in dementia from the perspective of defective regulation of protein synthesis and synaptic dysfunction.
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32
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Zhang Z, Shao L, Wang Y, Luo X. MicroRNA-501-3p restricts prostate cancer growth through regulating cell cycle-related and expression-elevated protein in tumor/cyclin D1 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:746-752. [PMID: 30621914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-501-3p (miR-501-3p) has been reported as a novel cancer-related miRNA in many types of cancer. However, the precise biological function of miR-501-3p in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of miR-501-3p on cell growth of prostate cancer cells. We found that miR-501-3p expression was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Gain-of-function experiments showed that upregulation of miR-501-3p expression significantly decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that cell cycle-related and expression-elevated protein in tumor (CREPT) was a potential target gene of miR-501-3p., and the results of our luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-501-3p bound to the 3'-untranslated region of CREPT at the predicted binding site. Moreover, miR-501-3p was shown to negatively regulate CREPT expression in prostate cancer cells. Correlation analysis showed that miR-501-3p was inversely correlated with CREPT expression in prostate cancer tissues. Knockdown studies revealed that miR-501-3p regulated the expression of cyclin D1 by targeting CREPT. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of miR-501-3p on prostate cancer cell growth was partially reversed by CREPT overexpression. Overall, these results suggest that miR-501-3p restricts prostate cancer cell growth by targeting CREPT to inhibit the expression of cyclin D1. These findings indicate that the miR-501-3p/CREPT/cyclin D1 axis plays a crucial role in the progression of prostate cancer and may serve as potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Center Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Linhai Shao
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Center Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yatong Wang
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Center Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- Department of Urology, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, 721008, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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33
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for Alzheimer's disease: advances and limitations. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:242-255. [PMID: 30531004 PMCID: PMC6301178 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline and responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly. Late-onset or sporadic AD accounts for > 95% of cases, with age at onset > 65 years. Currently there are no drugs or other therapeutic agents available to prevent or delay the progression of AD. The cellular and molecular changes occurring in the brains of individuals with AD include accumulation of β-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, decrease of acetylcholine neurotransmitter, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Aggregation of β-amyloid peptide in extracellular plaques and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic of AD. A major challenge is identifying molecular biomarkers of the early-stage AD in patients as most studies have been performed with blood or brain tissue samples (postmortem) at late-stage AD. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment almost always have the neuropathologic features of AD with about 50% of mild cognitive impairment patients progressing to AD. They could provide important information about AD pathomechanism and potentially also highlight minimally or noninvasive, easy-to-access biomarkers. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in AD, and may facilitate the early detection of the disease and potentially the continual monitoring of disease progression and allow therapeutic interventions to be evaluated. Four recent reviews have been published of microRNAs in AD, each of which identified areas of weakness or limitations in the reported studies. Importantly, studies in the last three years have shown considerable progress in overcoming some of these limitations and identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers for AD and mild cognitive impairment. Further large-scale human studies are warranted with less disparity in the study populations, and using an appropriate method to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada; Department of Physics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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34
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Thomas KT, Gross C, Bassell GJ. microRNAs Sculpt Neuronal Communication in a Tight Balance That Is Lost in Neurological Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:455. [PMID: 30618607 PMCID: PMC6299112 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNA 25 years ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression within the mammalian brain. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that direct the RNA induced silencing complex to complementary sites on mRNA targets, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Within the brain, intra- and extracellular signaling events tune the levels and activities of miRNAs to suit the needs of individual neurons under changing cellular contexts. Conversely, miRNAs shape neuronal communication by regulating the synthesis of proteins that mediate synaptic transmission and other forms of neuronal signaling. Several miRNAs have been shown to be critical for brain function regulating, for example, enduring forms of synaptic plasticity and dendritic morphology. Deficits in miRNA biogenesis have been linked to neurological deficits in humans, and widespread changes in miRNA levels occur in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and in response to less dramatic brain insults in rodent models. Manipulation of certain miRNAs can also alter the representation and progression of some of these disorders in rodent models. Recently, microdeletions encompassing MIR137HG, the host gene which encodes the miRNA miR-137, have been linked to autism and intellectual disability, and genome wide association studies have linked this locus to schizophrenia. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-137 regulates several forms of synaptic plasticity as well as signaling cascades thought to be aberrant in schizophrenia. Together, these studies suggest a mechanism by which miRNA dysregulation might contribute to psychiatric disease and highlight the power of miRNAs to influence the human brain by sculpting communication between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T. Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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35
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Sierksma A, Lu A, Salta E, Vanden Eynden E, Callaerts-Vegh Z, D'Hooge R, Blum D, Buée L, Fiers M, De Strooper B. Deregulation of neuronal miRNAs induced by amyloid-β or TAU pathology. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:54. [PMID: 30314521 PMCID: PMC6186090 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite diverging levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and TAU pathology, different mouse models, as well as sporadic AD patients show predictable patterns of episodic memory loss. MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation is well established in AD brain but it is unclear whether Aβ or TAU pathology drives those alterations and whether miRNA changes contribute to cognitive decline. METHODS miRNAseq was performed on cognitively intact (4 months) and impaired (10 months) male APPtg (APPswe/PS1L166P) and TAUtg (THY-Tau22) mice and their wild-type littermates (APPwt and TAUwt). We analyzed the hippocampi of 12 mice per experimental group (n = 96 in total), and employed a 2-way linear model to extract differentially expressed miRNAs. Results were confirmed by qPCR in a separate cohort of 4 M and 10 M APPtg and APPwt mice (n = 7-9 per group) and in human sporadic AD and non-demented control brain. Fluorescent in situ hybridization identified their cellular expression. Functional annotation of predicted targets was performed using GO enrichment. Behavior of wild-type mice was assessed after intracerebroventricular infusion of miRNA mimics. RESULTS Six miRNAs (miR-10a-5p, miR-142a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-455-5p) are commonly upregulated between APPtg and TAUtg mice, and four of these (miR-142a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p and miR-455-5p) are altered in AD patients. All 6 miRNAs are strongly enriched in neurons. Upregulating these miRNAs in wild-type mice is however not causing AD-related cognitive disturbances. CONCLUSION Diverging AD-related neuropathologies induce common disturbances in the expression of neuronal miRNAs. 4 of these miRNAs are also upregulated in AD patients. Therefore these 4 miRNAs (miR-142a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p and miR-455-5p) appear part of a core pathological process in AD patients and APPtg and TAUtg mice. They are however not causing cognitive disturbances in wild-type mice. As some of these miRNA target AD relevant proteins, they may be, in contrast, part of a protective response in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerieke Sierksma
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evgenia Salta
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Vanden Eynden
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, LabEx DISTALZ, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, LabEx DISTALZ, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Dementia Research Institute UK, ION, University College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this focused review is to describe recent studies supporting a critical role of microRNAs in the regulation of ion channels and discuss the resulting implications for the modulation of neuronal excitability in epilepsy. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNA-induced silencing of ion channels has been shown in several different studies in recent years, and some of these reports suggest a prominent role in epilepsy. The ion channels regulated by microRNAs include ligand- and voltage-gated channels and are not only limited to the central nervous system but have also been found in the peripheral nervous system. Ion channel-targeting microRNAs can regulate the intrinsic excitability of neurons, and thus influence entire networks in the brain. Their dysregulation in epilepsy may contribute to the disease phenotype. More research is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of how microRNAs regulate ion channels to control neuronal excitability, and how these processes are altered in epilepsy.
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37
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Rajgor D, Sanderson TM, Amici M, Collingridge GL, Hanley JG. NMDAR-dependent Argonaute 2 phosphorylation regulates miRNA activity and dendritic spine plasticity. EMBO J 2018; 37:e97943. [PMID: 29712715 PMCID: PMC5983126 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress translation of target mRNAs by associating with Argonaute (Ago) proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), underpinning a powerful mechanism for fine-tuning protein expression. Specific miRNAs are required for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity by modulating the translation of proteins involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis or synaptic transmission. However, it is unknown how NMDAR stimulation stimulates RISC activity to rapidly repress translation of synaptic proteins. We show that NMDAR stimulation transiently increases Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Ago2 at S387, which causes an increase in binding to GW182 and a rapid increase in translational repression of LIMK1 via miR-134. Furthermore, NMDAR-dependent down-regulation of endogenous LIMK1 translation in dendrites and dendritic spine shrinkage requires phospho-regulation of Ago2 at S387. AMPAR trafficking and hippocampal LTD do not involve S387 phosphorylation, defining this mechanism as a specific pathway for structural plasticity. This work defines a novel mechanism for the rapid transduction of NMDAR stimulation into miRNA-mediated translational repression to control dendritic spine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Rajgor
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas M Sanderson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mascia Amici
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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38
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Toyama K, Spin JM, Deng AC, Huang TT, Wei K, Wagenhäuser MU, Yoshino T, Nguyen H, Mulorz J, Kundu S, Raaz U, Adam M, Schellinger IN, Jagger A, Tsao PS. MicroRNA-Mediated Therapy Modulating Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Improves Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1392-1406. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toyama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Joshua M. Spin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Alicia C. Deng
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (T.-T.H., H.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ke Wei
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Markus U. Wagenhäuser
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Takuya Yoshino
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (T.-T.H., H.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Soumajit Kundu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Matti Adam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Isabel N. Schellinger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Ann Jagger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (K.T., J.M.S., A.C.D., K.W., M.U.W., T.Y., J.M., S.K., U.R., M.A., I.N.S., A.J., P.S.T.)
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39
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Abstract
The noncoding portion of the genome, including microRNAs, has been fertile evolutionary soil for cortical development in primates. A major contribution to cortical expansion in primates is the generation of novel precursor cell populations. Because miRNA expression profiles track closely with cell identity, it is likely that numerous novel microRNAs have contributed to cellular diversity in the brain. The tools to determine the genomic context within which novel microRNAs emerge and how they become integrated into molecular circuitry are now in hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Tomasz Nowakowski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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40
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The Role of microRNA Expression in Cortical Development During Conversion to Psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2188-2195. [PMID: 28186095 PMCID: PMC5603810 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a recent report of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), clinical high-risk individuals who converted to psychosis showed a steeper rate of cortical gray matter reduction compared with non-converters and healthy controls, and the rate of cortical thinning was correlated with levels of proinflammatory cytokines at baseline. These findings suggest a critical role for microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, in perturbations of cortical maturation processes associated with onset of psychosis. Elucidating gene expression pathways promoting microglial action prior to disease onset would inform potential preventative intervention targets. Here we used a forward stepwise regression algorithm to build a classifier of baseline microRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes associated with annualized rate of cortical thinning in a subsample of the NAPLS cohort (N=74). Our cortical thinning classifier included nine microRNAs, p=3.63 × 10-08, R2=0.358, permutation-based p=0.039, the gene targets of which were enriched for intracellular signaling pathways that are important to coordinating inflammatory responses within immune cells (p<0.05, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected). The classifier was also related to proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum (p=0.038). Furthermore, miRNAs that predicted conversion status were found to do so in a manner partially mediated by rate of cortical thinning (point estimate=0.078 (95% CIs: 0.003, 0.168), p=0.03). Many of the miRNAs identified here have been previously implicated in brain development, synaptic plasticity, immune function and/or schizophrenia, showing some convergence across studies and methodologies. Altered intracellular signaling within the immune system may interact with cortical maturation in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia promoting disease onset.
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41
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McGregor G, Irving AJ, Harvey J. Canonical JAK‐STAT signaling is pivotal for long‐term depression at adult hippocampal temporoammonic‐CA1 synapses. FASEB J 2017; 31:3449-3466. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma McGregor
- Division of NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of Dundee Dundee United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Irving
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceThe Conway InstituteUniversity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Jenni Harvey
- Division of NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of Dundee Dundee United Kingdom
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42
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Rivera-Barahona A, Fulgencio-Covián A, Pérez-Cerdá C, Ramos R, Barry MA, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Richard E, Desviat LR. Dysregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications for the neurometabolic disease propionic acidemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5727. [PMID: 28720782 PMCID: PMC5516006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNome expression profiling was performed in a mouse model of propionic acidemia (PA) and in patients’ plasma samples to investigate the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of the disease and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. PA is a potentially lethal neurometabolic disease with patients developing neurological deficits and cardiomyopathy in the long-term, among other complications. In the PA mouse liver we identified 14 significantly dysregulated miRNAs. Three selected miRNAs, miR-34a-5p, miR-338-3p and miR-350, were found upregulated in brain and heart tissues. Predicted targets involved in apoptosis, stress-signaling and mitochondrial function, were inversely found down-regulated. Functional analysis with miRNA mimics in cellular models confirmed these findings. miRNA profiling in plasma samples from neonatal PA patients and age-matched control individuals identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, several were coincident with those identified in the PA mouse, among them miR-34a-5p and miR-338-3p. These two miRNAs were also found dysregulated in childhood and adult PA patients’ cohorts. Taken together, the results reveal miRNA signatures in PA useful to identify potential biomarkers, to refine the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this rare disease and, eventually, to improve the management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fulgencio-Covián
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Genomic Facility, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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43
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MicroRNA in glutamate receptor-dependent neurological diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1591-1604. [PMID: 28667061 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the major neuropathological process contributing to numerous neurological diseases. Recently, emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the pathophysiology of a wide range of neurological diseases. Notably, there have been significant developments in understanding the biogenesis of miRNAs, their regulatory mechanisms, and their potential as effective biomarkers and therapies. In the present review, we summarize the recent literature that highlights the versatile roles played by miRNAs in glutamate receptor (GluR)-dependent neurological diseases. Based on the reported studies to date, modulation of miRNAs could emerge as a promising therapeutic target for a variety of neurological diseases that were discussed in this review.
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44
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McCreight JC, Schneider SE, Wilburn DB, Swanson WJ. Evolution of microRNA in primates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176596. [PMID: 28640911 PMCID: PMC5480830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of most transcripts in the human genome, but their evolution across the primate lineage is largely uncharacterized. A particular miRNA can have one to thousands of messenger RNA targets, establishing the potential for a small change in sequence or overall miRNA structure to have profound phenotypic effects. However, the majority of non-human primate miRNA is predicted solely by homology to the human genome and lacks experimental validation. In the present study, we sequenced thirteen species representing a wide range of the primate phylogeny. Hundreds of miRNA were validated, and the number of species with experimentally validated miRNA was tripled. These species include a sister taxon to humans (bonobo) and basal primates (aye-aye, mouse lemur, galago). Consistent with previous studies, we found the seed region and mature miRNA to be highly conserved across primates, with overall structural conservation of the pre-miRNA hairpin. However, there were a number of interesting exceptions, including a seed shift due to structural changes in miR-501. We also identified an increase in the number of miR-320 paralogs throughout primate evolution. Many of these non-conserved miRNA appear to regulate neuronal processes, illustrating the importance of investigating miRNA to learn more about human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jey C. McCreight
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean E. Schneider
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Damien B. Wilburn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Willie J. Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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45
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Tarasov VA, Makhotkin MA, Boyko NV, Shin EF, Tyutyakina MG, Chikunov IE, Naboka AV, Mashkarina AN, Kirpiy AA, Matishov DG. Importance of DNA methylation in the inheritance of radiation-induced aberrant expression of microRNA. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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46
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Rajgor D, Fiuza M, Parkinson GT, Hanley JG. The PICK1 Ca 2+ sensor modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent microRNA-mediated translational repression in neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9774-9786. [PMID: 28404816 PMCID: PMC5465499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of localized mRNA translation in neuronal dendrites. The presence of RNA-induced silencing complex proteins in these compartments and the dynamic miRNA expression changes that occur in response to neuronal stimulation highlight their importance in synaptic plasticity. Previously, we demonstrated a novel interaction between the major RNA-induced silencing complex component Argounaute-2 (Ago2) and the BAR (bin/amphiphysin/rvs) domain protein PICK1. PICK1 recruits Ago2 to recycling endosomes in dendrites, where it inhibits miRNA-mediated translational repression. Chemical induction of long-term depression via NMDA receptor activation causes the dissociation of Ago2 from PICK1 and a consequent increase in dendritic miRNA-mediated gene silencing. The mechanism that underlies the regulation of PICK1-Ago2 binding is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the PICK1-Ago2 interaction is directly sensitive to Ca2+ ions so that high [Ca2+]free reduces PICK1 binding to Ago2. Mutating a stretch of C-terminal Ca2+-binding residues in PICK1 results in a complete block of NMDA-induced PICK1-Ago2 disassociation in cortical neurons. Furthermore, the same mutant also blocks NMDA-stimulated miRNA-mediated gene silencing. This study defines a novel mechanism whereby elevated [Ca2+] induced by NMDA receptor activation modulates Ago2 and miRNA activity via PICK1. Our work suggests a Ca2+-dependent process to regulate miRNA activity in neurons in response to the induction of long-term depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Rajgor
- From the School of Biochemistry and the Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fiuza
- From the School of Biochemistry and the Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle T Parkinson
- From the School of Biochemistry and the Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- From the School of Biochemistry and the Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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47
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Hu Z, Li Z. miRNAs in synapse development and synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:24-31. [PMID: 28334640 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Synapses are functional units of the nervous system, through which information is transferred between neurons. The development and activity-dependent modification of synapses require temporally and spatially controlled modulation of gene expression. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of gene expression. They are small non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA stability and translation by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of mRNAs. miRNAs are located to neuronal processes to regulate protein synthesis locally and their expression is regulated by synaptic activity. This article reviews recent findings on the role of miRNAs in synapse development and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Hu
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, United States; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, United States.
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48
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Hara N, Kikuchi M, Miyashita A, Hatsuta H, Saito Y, Kasuga K, Murayama S, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R. Serum microRNA miR-501-3p as a potential biomarker related to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:10. [PMID: 28137310 PMCID: PMC5282710 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive molecules to utilize as one of the blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because miRNAs are relatively stable in biofluid, including serum or plasma. To determine blood miRNA biomarkers for AD with next-generation sequencing genome-wide, we first surveyed 45 serum samples. These came from 27 AD patients and 18 controls (discovery set) that underwent autopsy within two weeks after their serum sampling and were neuropathologically diagnosed. We found that three miRNAs, hsa-miR-501-3p, hsa-let-7f-5p, and hsa-miR-26b-5p, were significantly deregulated between the AD samples and the controls. The deregulation for hsa-miR-501-3p was further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a validation set composed of 36 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 22 age-matched cognitively normal controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 100%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.82). Serum hsa-miR-501-3p levels were downregulated in AD patients, and its lower levels significantly correlated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Contrary to its serum levels, we found that hsa-miR-501-3p was remarkably upregulated in the same donors’ AD brains obtained at autopsy from the discovery set. The hsa-miR-501-3p overexpression in cultured cells, which mimicked the hsa-miR-501-3p upregulation in the AD brains, induced significant downregulation of 128 genes that overrepresented the Gene Ontology terms, DNA replication, and the mitotic cell cycle. Our results suggest that hsa-miR-501-3p is a novel serum biomarker that presumably corresponds to pathological events occurring in AD brains.
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49
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MicroRNAs in brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 168:3-9. [PMID: 28119001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is one of the most crucial biological processes that affect the physiological balance between health and disease. Age-associated dysfunction of brain leads to severe health problems in current aging society. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in most physiological processes including fine-tuning of the short-term, cellular regulatory functions as well as modulation of long-term organismal lifespan. In this review, we discuss critical roles of miRNAs in the progression of normal and pathological brain aging. 50% of all known miRNAs are found in brain including cortex and hippocampus. A significant number of expressed miRNAs were differentially regulated during aging, implicating miRNAs as regulators of brain aging. The ability of miRNAs to regulate multiple targets within a pathway or even multiple pathways allows for coordinated regulation of brain functions. miRNA-mediated, brain functional changes are evident in cognition, inflammation, neuroprotection, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and lifespan. Dysregulation of brain miRNAs contributes to accelerated cognitive decline and increased neurological disorders. Elucidating mechanisms by which miRNAs and their multiple targets are temporally and spatially regulated in normal and pathological brain aging will provide a deeper understanding on the process of interrelated pathways of brain aging, and a new insight into therapeutic interventions.
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50
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Shen H, Li Z. miRNAs in NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and psychiatric disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1137-46. [PMID: 27252401 PMCID: PMC5582542 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification and functional delineation of miRNAs (a class of small non-coding RNAs) have added a new layer of complexity to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. Genome-wide association studies in conjunction with investigations in cellular and animal models, moreover, provide evidence that miRNAs are involved in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, we examine the current knowledge about the roles played by miRNAs in NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Shen
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A.
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