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Wang K, Shen K, Wang J, Yang K, Zhu J, Chen Y, Liu X, He Y, Zhu X, Zhan Q, Shi T, Li R. BUB1 potentiates gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by activating TRAF6/NF-κB/FGF18 through m6A modification. Life Sci 2024; 353:122916. [PMID: 39025206 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. High expression of the mitotic kinase BUB1 has been shown to be associated with the development of many cancers, but the role of BUB1 in GC is still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of BUB1 in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS BUB1 inhibitor, siRNA or BUB1 overexpression plasmid-mediated functional studies were performed in vitro and in vivo to explore the oncogenic role of BUB1 in GC. The expression of BUB1 and FGF18 in GC tumor samples was determined by IHC staining. RNA-seq, Western blot, MeRIP-qPCR and Co-IP assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which BUB1 regulates GC progression. KEY FINDINGS Knockdown of BUB1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of BUB1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. High expression of BUB1 and FGF18 in GC tissues predicted poor prognosis in GC patients. Mechanistically, BUB1 interacted with METTL3 and induced m6A modification of TRAF6 mRNA, further activating the NF-κB/FGF18 axis in GC cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our results confirmed that BUB1 acts as a positive regulator of GC cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the TRAF6/NF-κB/FGF18 pathway through METTL3-mediated m6A methylation. Targeting the BUB1/METTL3/TRAF6/NF-κB/FGF18 axis might be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kanger Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kexi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingchao Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Houston J, Vissotsky C, Deep A, Hakozaki H, Crews E, Oegema K, Corbett KD, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. Phospho-KNL-1 recognition by a TPR domain targets the BUB-1-BUB-3 complex to C. elegans kinetochores. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202402036. [PMID: 38578284 PMCID: PMC10996584 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202402036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the Bub1-Bub3 complex concentrates at kinetochores, the microtubule-coupling interfaces on chromosomes, where it contributes to spindle checkpoint activation, kinetochore-spindle microtubule interactions, and protection of centromeric cohesion. Bub1 has a conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain followed by a binding motif for its conserved interactor Bub3. The current model for Bub1-Bub3 localization to kinetochores is that Bub3, along with its bound motif from Bub1, recognizes phosphorylated "MELT" motifs in the kinetochore scaffold protein Knl1. Motivated by the greater phenotypic severity of BUB-1 versus BUB-3 loss in C. elegans, we show that the BUB-1 TPR domain directly recognizes a distinct class of phosphorylated motifs in KNL-1 and that this interaction is essential for BUB-1-BUB-3 localization and function. BUB-3 recognition of phospho-MELT motifs additively contributes to drive super-stoichiometric accumulation of BUB-1-BUB-3 on its KNL-1 scaffold during mitotic entry. Bub1's TPR domain interacts with Knl1 in other species, suggesting that collaboration of TPR-dependent and Bub3-dependent interfaces in Bub1-Bub3 localization and functions may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enice Crews
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Roka Pun H, Karp X. An RNAi screen for conserved kinases that enhance microRNA activity after dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae007. [PMID: 38226857 PMCID: PMC10917497 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gene regulation in changing environments is critical for maintaining homeostasis. Some animals undergo a stress-resistant diapause stage to withstand harsh environmental conditions encountered during development. MicroRNAs are one mechanism for regulating gene expression during and after diapause. MicroRNAs downregulate target genes posttranscriptionally through the activity of the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Argonaute is the core microRNA-induced silencing complex protein that binds to both the microRNA and to other microRNA-induced silencing complex proteins. The 2 major microRNA Argonautes in the Caenorhabditis elegans soma are ALG-1 and ALG-2, which function partially redundantly. Loss of alg-1 [alg-1(0)] causes penetrant developmental phenotypes including vulval defects and the reiteration of larval cell programs in hypodermal cells. However, these phenotypes are essentially absent if alg-1(0) animals undergo a diapause stage called dauer. Levels of the relevant microRNAs are not higher during or after dauer, suggesting that activity of the microRNA-induced silencing complex may be enhanced in this context. To identify genes that are required for alg-1(0) mutants to develop without vulval defects after dauer, we performed an RNAi screen of genes encoding conserved kinases. We focused on kinases because of their known role in modulating microRNA-induced silencing complex activity. We found RNAi knockdown of 4 kinase-encoding genes, air-2, bub-1, chk-1, and nekl-3, caused vulval defects and reiterative phenotypes in alg-1(0) mutants after dauer, and that these defects were more penetrant in an alg-1(0) background than in wild type. Our results implicate these kinases as potential regulators of microRNA-induced silencing complex activity during postdauer development in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal Roka Pun
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Xantha Karp
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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4
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Houston J, Vissotsky C, Deep A, Hakozaki H, Crews E, Oegema K, Corbett KD, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. Phospho-KNL-1 recognition by a TPR domain targets the BUB-1-BUB-3 complex to C. elegans kinetochores. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579536. [PMID: 38370671 PMCID: PMC10871365 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
During mitosis, the Bub1-Bub3 complex concentrates at kinetochores, the microtubule-coupling interfaces on chromosomes, where it contributes to spindle checkpoint activation, kinetochore-spindle microtubule interactions, and protection of centromeric cohesion. Bub1 has a conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide (TPR) domain followed by a binding motif for its conserved interactor Bub3. The current model for Bub1-Bub3 localization to kinetochores is that Bub3, along with its bound motif from Bub1, recognizes phosphorylated "MELT" motifs in the kinetochore scaffold protein Knl1. Motivated by the greater phenotypic severity of BUB-1 versus BUB-3 loss in C. elegans, we show that the BUB-1 TPR domain directly recognizes a distinct class of phosphorylated motifs in KNL-1 and that this interaction is essential for BUB-1-BUB-3 localization and function. BUB-3 recognition of phospho-MELT motifs additively contributes to drive super-stoichiometric accumulation of BUB-1-BUB-3 on its KNL-1 scaffold during mitotic entry. Bub1's TPR domain interacts with Knl1 in other species, suggesting that collaboration of TPR-dependent and Bub3-dependent interfaces in Bub1-Bub3 localization and functions may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hiro Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Enice Crews
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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5
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Pitayu-Nugroho L, Aubry M, Laband K, Geoffroy H, Ganeswaran T, Primadhanty A, Canman JC, Dumont J. Kinetochore component function in C. elegans oocytes revealed by 4D tracking of holocentric chromosomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4032. [PMID: 37419936 PMCID: PMC10329006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, chromosome congression to the spindle center, their orientation along the spindle long axis and alignment at the metaphase plate depend on interactions between spindle microtubules and kinetochores, and are pre-requisite for chromosome bi-orientation and accurate segregation. How these successive phases are controlled during oocyte meiosis remains elusive. Here we provide 4D live imaging during the first meiotic division in C. elegans oocytes with wild-type or disrupted kinetochore protein function. We show that, unlike in monocentric organisms, holocentric chromosome bi-orientation is not strictly required for accurate chromosome segregation. Instead, we propose a model in which initial kinetochore-localized BHC module (comprised of BUB-1Bub1, HCP-1/2CENP-F and CLS-2CLASP)-dependent pushing acts redundantly with Ndc80 complex-mediated pulling for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. In absence of both mechanisms, homologous chromosomes tend to co-segregate in anaphase, especially when initially mis-oriented. Our results highlight how different kinetochore components cooperate to promote accurate holocentric chromosome segregation in oocytes of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Aubry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Kimberley Laband
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julie C Canman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
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6
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Reed R, Park K, Waddell B, Timbers TA, Li C, Baxi K, Giacomin RM, Leroux MR, Carvalho CE. The Caenorhabditis elegans Shugoshin regulates TAC-1 in cilia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9410. [PMID: 37296204 PMCID: PMC10256747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved Shugoshin (SGO) protein family is essential for mediating proper chromosome segregation from yeast to humans but has also been implicated in diverse roles outside of the nucleus. SGO's roles include inhibiting incorrect spindle attachment in the kinetochore, regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and ensuring centriole cohesion in the centrosome, all functions that involve different microtubule scaffolding structures in the cell. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a species with holocentric chromosomes, SGO-1 is not required for cohesin protection or spindle attachment but appears important for licensing meiotic recombination. Here we provide the first functional evidence that in C. elegans, Shugoshin functions in another extranuclear, microtubule-based structure, the primary cilium. We identify the centrosomal and microtubule-regulating transforming acidic coiled-coil protein, TACC/TAC-1, which also localizes to the basal body, as an SGO-1 binding protein. Genetic analyses indicate that TAC-1 activity must be maintained below a threshold at the ciliary base for correct cilia function, and that SGO-1 likely participates in constraining TAC-1 to the basal body by influencing the function of the transition zone 'ciliary gate'. This research expands our understanding of cellular functions of Shugoshin proteins and contributes to the growing examples of overlap between kinetochore, centrosome and cilia proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - K Park
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - B Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - T A Timbers
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K Baxi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - R M Giacomin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - C E Carvalho
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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7
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Houston J, Ohta M, Gómez-Cavazos JS, Deep A, Corbett KD, Oegema K, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. BUB-1-bound PLK-1 directs CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment to ensure timely embryonic mitoses. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2291-2299.e10. [PMID: 37137308 PMCID: PMC10270731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosomes assemble kinetochores to dynamically couple with spindle microtubules.1,2 Kinetochores also function as signaling hubs directing mitotic progression by recruiting and controlling the fate of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator CDC-20.3,4,5 Kinetochores either incorporate CDC-20 into checkpoint complexes that inhibit the APC/C or dephosphorylate CDC-20, which allows it to interact with and activate the APC/C.4,6 The importance of these two CDC-20 fates likely depends on the biological context. In human somatic cells, the major mechanism controlling mitotic progression is the spindle checkpoint. By contrast, progression through mitosis during the cell cycles of early embryos is largely checkpoint independent.7,8,9,10 Here, we first show that CDC-20 phosphoregulation controls mitotic duration in the C. elegans embryo and defines a checkpoint-independent temporal mitotic optimum for robust embryogenesis. CDC-20 phosphoregulation occurs at kinetochores and in the cytosol. At kinetochores, the flux of CDC-20 for local dephosphorylation requires an ABBA motif on BUB-1 that directly interfaces with the structured WD40 domain of CDC-20.6,11,12,13 We next show that a conserved "STP" motif in BUB-1 that docks the mitotic kinase PLK-114 is necessary for CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment and timely mitotic progression. The kinase activity of PLK-1 is required for CDC-20 to localize to kinetochores and phosphorylates the CDC-20-binding ABBA motif of BUB-1 to promote BUB-1-CDC-20 interaction and mitotic progression. Thus, the BUB-1-bound pool of PLK-1 ensures timely mitosis during embryonic cell cycles by promoting CDC-20 recruitment to the vicinity of kinetochore-localized phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Midori Ohta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Sebastián Gómez-Cavazos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Macaisne N, Bellutti L, Laband K, Edwards F, Pitayu-Nugroho L, Gervais A, Ganeswaran T, Geoffroy H, Maton G, Canman JC, Lacroix B, Dumont J. Synergistic stabilization of microtubules by BUB-1, HCP-1, and CLS-2 controls microtubule pausing and meiotic spindle assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e82579. [PMID: 36799894 PMCID: PMC10005782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, chromosome segregation is orchestrated by a microtubule-based spindle. Interaction between spindle microtubules and kinetochores is central to the bi-orientation of chromosomes. Initially dynamic to allow spindle assembly and kinetochore attachments, which is essential for chromosome alignment, microtubules are eventually stabilized for efficient segregation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis I, respectively. Therefore, the precise control of microtubule dynamics is of utmost importance during mitosis and meiosis. Here, we study the assembly and role of a kinetochore module, comprised of the kinase BUB-1, the two redundant CENP-F orthologs HCP-1/2, and the CLASP family member CLS-2 (hereafter termed the BHC module), in the control of microtubule dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes. Using a combination of in vivo structure-function analyses of BHC components and in vitro microtubule-based assays, we show that BHC components stabilize microtubules, which is essential for meiotic spindle formation and accurate chromosome segregation. Overall, our results show that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 do not only act as targeting components for CLS-2 at kinetochores, but also synergistically control kinetochore-microtubule dynamics by promoting microtubule pause. Together, our results suggest that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 actively participate in the control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics in the context of an intact BHC module to promote spindle assembly and accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Macaisne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Kimberley Laband
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Frances Edwards
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Alison Gervais
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Gilliane Maton
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Julie C Canman
- Columbia University; Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyNew YorkUnited States
| | - Benjamin Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
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9
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Comprehensive analysis of BUBs gene family in lung adenocarcinoma with immunological analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:810-829. [PMID: 36787437 PMCID: PMC9970319 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most commonly malignant tumors, and major challenges remain in the treatment of LUAD. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1/3 (BUB1/3) play significant roles in the process of spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) during mitosis. However, their roles in LUAD have not been established. Here, we performed an immunological analysis of BUB1/3 in LUAD using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach, quantitative real-time-PCR and Western blotting technique. Our results indicated that the expression levels of BUB1 and BUB3 in LUAD samples were higher than the expression levels in the control groups and were associated with some clinicopathologic parameters in patients with LUAD. BUB1/3 and their related genes were enriched in cell immune, and the immune infiltration analysis revealed that the BUB1/3 expression profile was significantly correlated with characteristics of immune cell infiltration. Survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with LUAD decreased with an increase in the BUB1/3 expression levels. The mRNA and protein expression levels of BUB1 and BUB3 in each of the LUAD cell lines were upregulated to varying degrees. BUB1 and BUB3 are the potential immunological therapeutic intervention targets for patients with LUAD.
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10
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Macaraeg J, Reinhard I, Ward M, Carmeci D, Stanaway M, Moore A, Hagmann E, Brown K, Wynne DJ. Genetic analysis of C. elegans Haspin-like genes shows that hasp-1 plays multiple roles in the germline. Biol Open 2022; 11:275645. [PMID: 35678140 PMCID: PMC9277076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haspin is a histone kinase that promotes error-free chromosome segregation by recruiting the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. Haspin remains less well studied than other M-phase kinases and the models explaining Haspin function have been developed primarily in mitotic cells. Here, we generate strains containing new conditional or nonsense mutations in the C. elegans Haspin homologs hasp-1 and hasp-2 and characterize their phenotypes. We show that hasp-1 is responsible for all predicted functions of Haspin and that loss of function of hasp-1 using classical and conditional alleles produces defects in germline stem cell proliferation, spermatogenesis, and confirms its role in oocyte meiosis. Genetic analysis suggests hasp-1 acts downstream of the Polo-like kinase plk-2 and shows synthetic interactions between hasp-1 and two genes expected to promote recruitment of the CPC by a parallel pathway that depends on the kinase Bub1. This work adds to the growing understanding of Haspin function by characterizing a variety of roles in an intact animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jommel Macaraeg
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Isaac Reinhard
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Matthew Ward
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Danielle Carmeci
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Madison Stanaway
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Amy Moore
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Ethan Hagmann
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Katherine Brown
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - David J Wynne
- University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR, 97203, USA
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11
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Roy B, Han SJY, Fontan AN, Jema S, Joglekar AP. Aurora B phosphorylates Bub1 to promote spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Curr Biol 2022; 32:237-247.e6. [PMID: 34861183 PMCID: PMC8752509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires amphitelic chromosome attachment to the spindle apparatus. It is ensured by the combined activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC),1 a signaling mechanism that delays anaphase onset in response to unattached chromosomes, and an error correction mechanism that eliminates syntelic attachments.2 The SAC becomes active when Mps1 kinase sequentially phosphorylates the kinetochore protein Spc105/KNL1 and the signaling proteins that Spc105/KNL1 recruits to facilitate the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC).3-8 The error correction mechanism is regulated by the Aurora B kinase, but Aurora B also promotes SAC signaling via indirect mechanisms.9-12 Here we present evidence that Aurora B kinase activity directly promotes MCC production by working downstream of Mps1 in budding yeast and human cells. Using the ectopic SAC activation (eSAC) system, we find that the conditional dimerization of Aurora B in budding yeast and an Aurora B recruitment domain in HeLa cells with either Bub1 or Mad1, but not the phosphodomain of Spc105/KNL1, leads to ectopic MCC production and mitotic arrest.13-16 Importantly, Bub1 must recruit both Mad1 and Cdc20 for this ectopic signaling activity. These and other data show that Aurora B cooperates with Bub1 to promote MCC production, but only after Mps1 licenses Bub1 recruitment to the kinetochore. This direct involvement of Aurora B in SAC signaling may maintain SAC signaling even after Mps1 activity in the kinetochore is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babhrubahan Roy
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Simon J. Y. Han
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA,present address: Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Adrienne N. Fontan
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA,present address: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Soubhagyalaxmi Jema
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Ajit P. Joglekar
- Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA,corresponding author, lead contact: , Twitter handle: @AjitJoglekar1
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12
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Bouvrais H, Chesneau L, Le Cunff Y, Fairbrass D, Soler N, Pastezeur S, Pécot T, Kervrann C, Pécréaux J. The coordination of spindle-positioning forces during the asymmetric division of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50770. [PMID: 33900015 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, astral microtubules generate forces essential to position the mitotic spindle, by pushing against and pulling from the cortex. Measuring microtubule dynamics there, we revealed the presence of two populations, corresponding to pulling and pushing events. It offers a unique opportunity to study, under physiological conditions, the variations of both spindle-positioning forces along space and time. We propose a threefold control of pulling force, by polarity, spindle position and mitotic progression. We showed that the sole anteroposterior asymmetry in dynein on-rate, encoding pulling force imbalance, is sufficient to cause posterior spindle displacement. The positional regulation, reflecting the number of microtubule contacts in the posterior-most region, reinforces this imbalance only in late anaphase. Furthermore, we exhibited the first direct proof that dynein processivity increases along mitosis. It reflects the temporal control of pulling forces, which strengthens at anaphase onset following mitotic progression and independently from chromatid separation. In contrast, the pushing force remains constant and symmetric and contributes to maintaining the spindle at the cell centre during metaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Le Cunff
- CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Nina Soler
- CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Thierry Pécot
- INRIA, Centre Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique, Rennes, France
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13
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Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is required for cell survival and organismal development. During mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint acts as a safeguard to maintain the high fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by monitoring the attachment of kinetochores to the mitotic spindle. Bub1 is a conserved kinase critical for the spindle assembly checkpoint. Bub1 also facilitates chromosome alignment and contributes to the regulation of mitotic duration. Here, focusing on the spindle assembly checkpoint and on chromosome alignment, we summarize the primary literature on Bub1, discussing its structure and functional domains, as well its regulation and roles in mitosis. In addition, we discuss recent evidence for roles of Bub1 beyond mitosis regulation in TGFβ signaling and telomere replication. Finally, we discuss the involvement of Bub1 in human diseases, especially in cancer, and the potential of using Bub1 as a drug target for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Anton Gartner
- IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
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14
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Cairo G, MacKenzie AM, Lacefield S. Differential requirement for Bub1 and Bub3 in regulation of meiotic versus mitotic chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133770. [PMID: 32328625 PMCID: PMC7147105 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation depends on the proper attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules before anaphase onset. The Ipl1/Aurora B kinase corrects improper attachments by phosphorylating kinetochore components and so releasing aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions. The localization of Ipl1 to kinetochores in budding yeast depends upon multiple pathways, including the Bub1–Bub3 pathway. We show here that in meiosis, Bub3 is crucial for correction of attachment errors. Depletion of Bub3 results in reduced levels of kinetochore-localized Ipl1 and concomitant massive chromosome missegregation caused by incorrect chromosome–spindle attachments. Depletion of Bub3 also results in shorter metaphase I and metaphase II due to premature localization of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to kinetochores, which antagonizes Ipl1-mediated phosphorylation. We propose a new role for the Bub1–Bub3 pathway in maintaining the balance between kinetochore localization of Ipl1 and PP1, a balance that is essential for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation and timely anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Cairo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Soni Lacefield
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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15
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Bel Borja L, Soubigou F, Taylor SJP, Fraguas Bringas C, Budrewicz J, Lara-Gonzalez P, Sorensen Turpin CG, Bembenek JN, Cheerambathur DK, Pelisch F. BUB-1 targets PP2A:B56 to regulate chromosome congression during meiosis I in C. elegans oocytes. eLife 2020; 9:65307. [PMID: 33355089 PMCID: PMC7787666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimer composed of scaffolding (A), catalytic (C), and regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A complexes with B56 subunits are targeted by Shugoshin and BUBR1 to protect centromeric cohesion and stabilise kinetochore-microtubule attachments in yeast and mouse meiosis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the closest BUBR1 orthologue lacks the B56-interaction domain and Shugoshin is not required for meiotic segregation. Therefore, the role of PP2A in C. elegans female meiosis is unknown. We report that PP2A is essential for meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics during C. elegans female meiosis. BUB-1 is the main chromosome-targeting factor for B56 subunits during prometaphase I. BUB-1 recruits PP2A:B56 to the chromosomes via a newly identified LxxIxE motif in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and this recruitment is important for proper chromosome congression. Our results highlight a novel mechanism for B56 recruitment, essential for recruiting a pool of PP2A involved in chromosome congression during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bel Borja
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel J P Taylor
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Conchita Fraguas Bringas
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSan DiegoUnited States,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Joshua N Bembenek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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16
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Lara-Gonzalez P, Moyle MW, Budrewicz J, Mendoza-Lopez J, Oegema K, Desai A. The G2-to-M Transition Is Ensured by a Dual Mechanism that Protects Cyclin B from Degradation by Cdc20-Activated APC/C. Dev Cell 2019; 51:313-325.e10. [PMID: 31588029 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, a threshold level of cyclin B accumulation triggers the G2-to-M transition, and subsequent cyclin B destruction triggers mitotic exit. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with its co-activator Cdc20, targets cyclin B for destruction during mitotic exit. Here, we show that two pathways act in concert to protect cyclin B from Cdc20-activated APC/C in G2, in order to enable cyclin B accumulation and the G2-to-M transition. The first pathway involves the Mad1-Mad2 spindle checkpoint complex, acting in a distinct manner from checkpoint signaling after mitotic entry but employing a common molecular mechanism-the promotion of Mad2-Cdc20 complex formation. The second pathway involves cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation of Cdc20, which is known to reduce Cdc20's affinity for the APC/C. Cooperation of these two mechanisms, which target distinct APC/C binding interfaces of Cdc20, enables cyclin B accumulation and the G2-to-M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Mark W Moyle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jose Mendoza-Lopez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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17
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Masnadi-Shirazi M, Maurya MR, Pao G, Ke E, Verma IM, Subramaniam S. Time varying causal network reconstruction of a mouse cell cycle. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:294. [PMID: 31142274 PMCID: PMC6542064 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biochemical networks are often described through static or time-averaged measurements of the component macromolecules. Temporal variation in these components plays an important role in both describing the dynamical nature of the network as well as providing insights into causal mechanisms. Few methods exist, specifically for systems with many variables, for analyzing time series data to identify distinct temporal regimes and the corresponding time-varying causal networks and mechanisms. Results In this study, we use well-constructed temporal transcriptional measurements in a mammalian cell during a cell cycle, to identify dynamical networks and mechanisms describing the cell cycle. The methods we have used and developed in part deal with Granger causality, Vector Autoregression, Estimation Stability with Cross Validation and a nonparametric change point detection algorithm that enable estimating temporally evolving directed networks that provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk among different molecular components. We applied our approach to RNA-seq time-course data spanning nearly two cell cycles from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) primary cells. The change-point detection algorithm is able to extract precise information on the duration and timing of cell cycle phases. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Estimation Stability with Cross Validation (ES-CV), we were able to, without any prior biological knowledge, extract information on the phase-specific causal interaction of cell cycle genes, as well as temporal interdependencies of biological mechanisms through a complete cell cycle. Conclusions The temporal dependence of cellular components we provide in our model goes beyond what is known in the literature. Furthermore, our inference of dynamic interplay of multiple intracellular mechanisms and their temporal dependence on one another can be used to predict time-varying cellular responses, and provide insight on the design of precise experiments for modulating the regulation of the cell cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2895-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masnadi-Shirazi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering and San Diego Supercomputer center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gerald Pao
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eugene Ke
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Inder M Verma
- Salk institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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18
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Pintard L, Bowerman B. Mitotic Cell Division in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 211:35-73. [PMID: 30626640 PMCID: PMC6325691 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic cell divisions increase cell number while faithfully distributing the replicated genome at each division. The Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is a powerful model for eukaryotic cell division. Nearly all of the genes that regulate cell division in C. elegans are conserved across metazoan species, including humans. The C. elegans pathways tend to be streamlined, facilitating dissection of the more redundant human pathways. Here, we summarize the virtues of C. elegans as a model system and review our current understanding of centriole duplication, the acquisition of pericentriolar material by centrioles to form centrosomes, the assembly of kinetochores and the mitotic spindle, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Pintard
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, Team Cell Cycle and Development UMR7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruce Bowerman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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19
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Edwards F, Maton G, Gareil N, Canman JC, Dumont J. BUB-1 promotes amphitelic chromosome biorientation via multiple activities at the kinetochore. eLife 2018; 7:40690. [PMID: 30547880 PMCID: PMC6303103 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on bioriented amphitelic attachments of chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic spindle, in which sister chromatids are connected to opposite spindle poles. BUB-1 is a protein of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) that coordinates chromosome attachment with anaphase onset. BUB-1 is also required for accurate sister chromatid segregation independently of its SAC function, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, BUB-1 accelerates the establishment of non-merotelic end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments by recruiting the RZZ complex and its downstream partner dynein-dynactin at the kinetochore. In parallel, BUB-1 limits attachment maturation by the SKA complex. This activity opposes kinetochore-microtubule attachment stabilisation promoted by CLS-2CLASP-dependent kinetochore-microtubule assembly. BUB-1 is therefore a SAC component that coordinates the function of multiple downstream kinetochore-associated proteins to ensure accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edwards
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilliane Maton
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Gareil
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie C Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Julien Dumont
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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20
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Mariappan A, Soni K, Schorpp K, Zhao F, Minakar A, Zheng X, Mandad S, Macheleidt I, Ramani A, Kubelka T, Dawidowski M, Golfmann K, Wason A, Yang C, Simons J, Schmalz HG, Hyman AA, Aneja R, Ullrich R, Urlaub H, Odenthal M, Büttner R, Li H, Sattler M, Hadian K, Gopalakrishnan J. Inhibition of CPAP-tubulin interaction prevents proliferation of centrosome-amplified cancer cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899876. [PMID: 30530478 PMCID: PMC6331730 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of human cancers that can trigger cancer cell invasion. To survive, cancer cells cluster amplified extra centrosomes and achieve pseudobipolar division. Here, we set out to prevent clustering of extra centrosomes. Tubulin, by interacting with the centrosomal protein CPAP, negatively regulates CPAP‐dependent peri‐centriolar material recruitment, and concurrently microtubule nucleation. Screening for compounds that perturb CPAP–tubulin interaction led to the identification of CCB02, which selectively binds at the CPAP binding site of tubulin. Genetic and chemical perturbation of CPAP–tubulin interaction activates extra centrosomes to nucleate enhanced numbers of microtubules prior to mitosis. This causes cells to undergo centrosome de‐clustering, prolonged multipolar mitosis, and cell death. 3D‐organotypic invasion assays reveal that CCB02 has broad anti‐invasive activity in various cancer models, including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐resistant EGFR‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancers. Thus, we have identified a vulnerability of cancer cells to activation of extra centrosomes, which may serve as a global approach to target various tumors, including drug‐resistant cancers exhibiting high incidence of centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Komal Soni
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Amin Minakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiangdong Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunit Mandad
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris Macheleidt
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anand Ramani
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomáš Kubelka
- Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Maciej Dawidowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kristina Golfmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arpit Wason
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judith Simons
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roland Ullrich
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhardt Büttner
- Institute of Pathology and Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR at Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Bohr T, Nelson CR, Giacopazzi S, Lamelza P, Bhalla N. Shugoshin Is Essential for Meiotic Prophase Checkpoints in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3199-3211.e3. [PMID: 30293721 PMCID: PMC6200582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The conserved factor Shugoshin is dispensable in C. elegans for the two-step loss of sister chromatid cohesion that directs the proper segregation of meiotic chromosomes. We show that the C. elegans ortholog of Shugoshin, SGO-1, is required for checkpoint activity in meiotic prophase. This role in checkpoint function is similar to that of conserved proteins that structure meiotic chromosome axes. Indeed, null sgo-1 mutants exhibit additional phenotypes similar to that of a partial loss-of-function allele of the axis component, HTP-3: premature synaptonemal complex disassembly, the activation of alternate DNA repair pathways, and an inability to recruit a conserved effector of the DNA damage pathway, HUS-1. SGO-1 localizes to pre-meiotic nuclei when HTP-3 is present but not yet loaded onto chromosome axes and genetically interacts with a central component of the cohesin complex, SMC-3, suggesting that it contributes to meiotic chromosome metabolism early in meiosis by regulating cohesin. We propose that SGO-1 acts during pre-meiotic replication to ensure fully functional meiotic chromosome architecture, rendering these chromosomes competent for checkpoint activity and normal progression of meiotic recombination. Given that most research on Shugoshin has focused on its regulation of sister chromatid cohesion during chromosome segregation, this novel role may be conserved but previously uncharacterized in other organisms. Further, our findings expand the repertoire of Shugoshin's functions beyond coordinating regulatory activities at the centromere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha Bohr
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christian R Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Stefani Giacopazzi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Piero Lamelza
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Needhi Bhalla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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22
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Hattersley N, Lara-Gonzalez P, Cheerambathur D, Gomez-Cavazos JS, Kim T, Prevo B, Khaliullin R, Lee KY, Ohta M, Green R, Oegema K, Desai A. Employing the one-cell C. elegans embryo to study cell division processes. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 144:185-231. [PMID: 29804670 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The one-cell Caenorhabditis elegans embryo offers many advantages for mechanistic analysis of cell division processes. Conservation of key genes and pathways involved in cell division makes findings in C. elegans broadly relevant. A key technical advantage of this system is the ability to penetrantly deplete essential gene products by RNA interference (RNAi) and replace them with wild-type or mutant versions expressed at endogenous levels from single copy RNAi-resistant transgene insertions. This ability to precisely perturb essential genes is complemented by the inherently highly reproducible nature of the zygotic division that facilitates development of quantitative imaging assays. Here, we detail approaches to generate targeted single copy transgene insertions that are RNAi-resistant, to engineer variants of individual genes employing transgene insertions as well as at the endogenous locus, and to in situ tag genes with fluorophores/purification tags. We also describe imaging assays and common image analysis tools employed to quantitatively monitor phenotypic effects of specific perturbations on meiotic and mitotic chromosome segregation, centrosome assembly/function, and cortical dynamics/cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hattersley
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dhanya Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Sebastian Gomez-Cavazos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bram Prevo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Renat Khaliullin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kian-Yong Lee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Midori Ohta
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Green
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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23
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Caenorhabditis elegans BUB-3 and SAN-1/MAD3 Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Components Are Required for Genome Stability in Response to Treatment with Ionizing Radiation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:3875-3885. [PMID: 29046436 PMCID: PMC5714485 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the cross-talk between the spindle assembly checkpoint and the DNA damage response, especially in multicellular organisms. We performed a Caenorhabditis elegans forward genetic screen to uncover new genes involved in the repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. We isolated a mutation, gt2000, which confers hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and showed that gt2000 introduces a premature stop in bub-3. BUB-3 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint. We provide evidence that BUB-3 acts during development and in the germline; irradiated bub-3(gt2000) larvae are developmentally retarded and form abnormal vulvae. Moreover, bub-3(gt2000) embryos sired from irradiated worms show increased levels of lethality. Both bub-3 and san-1 (the C. elegans homolog of MAD3) deletion alleles confer hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, consistent with the notion that the spindle assembly checkpoint pathway is required for the DNA damage response. bub-3(gt2000) is moderately sensitive to the cross-linking drug cisplatin but not to ultraviolet light or methyl methanesulfonate. This is consistent with a role in dealing with DNA double-strand breaks and not with base damage. Double mutant analysis revealed that bub-3 does not act within any of the three major pathways involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. Finally, the cdc-20 gain-of-function mutant cdc-20/fzy-1(av15), which is refractory to the cell cycle delay conferred by the spindle checkpoint, showed phenotypes similar to bub-3 and san-1 mutants. We speculate that BUB-3 is involved in the DNA damage response through regulation of cell cycle timing.
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24
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Taming the Beast: Control of APC/C Cdc20-Dependent Destruction. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:111-121. [PMID: 29133301 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that triggers the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in the cell cycle by targeting the substrates cyclin B and securin for destruction. APC/C activity toward these two key substrates requires the coactivator Cdc20. To ensure that cells enter mitosis and partition their duplicated genome with high accuracy, APC/CCdc20 activity must be tightly controlled. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate APC/CCdc20 activity both before and during mitosis. We focus our discussion primarily on the chromosomal pathways that both accelerate and delay APC/C activation by targeting Cdc20 to opposing fates. The findings discussed provide an overview of how cells control the activation of this major cell cycle regulator to ensure both accurate and timely cell division.
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25
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Alfieri C, Zhang S, Barford D. Visualizing the complex functions and mechanisms of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Open Biol 2017; 7:170204. [PMID: 29167309 PMCID: PMC5717348 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that orchestrates cell cycle progression by mediating the degradation of important cell cycle regulators. During the two decades since its discovery, much has been learnt concerning its role in recognizing and ubiquitinating specific proteins in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, the mechanisms governing substrate specificity, the catalytic process of assembling polyubiquitin chains on its target proteins, and its regulation by phosphorylation and the spindle assembly checkpoint. The past few years have witnessed significant progress in understanding the quantitative mechanisms underlying these varied APC/C functions. This review integrates the overall functions and properties of the APC/C with mechanistic insights gained from recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies of reconstituted human APC/C complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alfieri
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Suyang Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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26
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Kim T, Lara-Gonzalez P, Prevo B, Meitinger F, Cheerambathur DK, Oegema K, Desai A. Kinetochores accelerate or delay APC/C activation by directing Cdc20 to opposing fates. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1089-1094. [PMID: 28698300 PMCID: PMC5538432 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302067.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Kim et al. show that flux of Cdc20 through kinetochores accelerates mitotic exit by promoting its dephosphorylation by kinetochore-localized protein phosphatase 1, which allows Cdc20 to activate the APC/C. The microtubule attachment status of kinetochores therefore optimizes mitotic duration by controlling the balance between opposing Cdc20 fates. Mitotic duration is determined by activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) bound to its coactivator, Cdc20. Kinetochores, the microtubule-interacting machines on chromosomes, restrain mitotic exit when not attached to spindle microtubules by generating a Cdc20-containing complex that inhibits the APC/C. Here, we show that flux of Cdc20 through kinetochores also accelerates mitotic exit by promoting its dephosphorylation by kinetochore-localized protein phosphatase 1, which allows Cdc20 to activate the APC/C. Both APC/C activation and inhibition depend on Cdc20 fluxing through the same binding site at kinetochores. The microtubule attachment status of kinetochores therefore optimizes mitotic duration by controlling the balance between opposing Cdc20 fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Bram Prevo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Franz Meitinger
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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27
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Cheerambathur DK, Prevo B, Hattersley N, Lewellyn L, Corbett KD, Oegema K, Desai A. Dephosphorylation of the Ndc80 Tail Stabilizes Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments via the Ska Complex. Dev Cell 2017; 41:424-437.e4. [PMID: 28535376 PMCID: PMC5572820 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, genome inheritance is orchestrated by microtubule attachments formed at kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes. The primary microtubule coupler at the kinetochore, the Ndc80 complex, is regulated by Aurora kinase phosphorylation of its N-terminal tail. Dephosphorylation is proposed to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments by strengthening electrostatic interactions of the tail with the microtubule lattice. Here, we show that removal of the Ndc80 tail, which compromises in vitro microtubule binding, has no effect on kinetochore-microtubule attachments in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Despite this, preventing Aurora phosphorylation of the tail results in prematurely stable attachments that restrain spindle elongation. This premature stabilization requires the conserved microtubule-binding Ska complex, which enriches at attachment sites prior to anaphase onset to dampen chromosome motion. We propose that Ndc80-tail dephosphorylation promotes stabilization of kinetochore-microtubule attachments via the Ska complex and that this mechanism ensures accurate segregation by constraining chromosome motion following biorientation on the spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Bram Prevo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil Hattersley
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lindsay Lewellyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, CMM-E Room 3052, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0653, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 .,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Ludwig Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
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29
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Kumar R. Separase: Function Beyond Cohesion Cleavage and an Emerging Oncogene. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1283-1299. [PMID: 27966791 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proper and timely segregation of genetic endowment is necessary for survival and perpetuation of every species. Mis-segregation of chromosomes and resulting aneuploidy leads to genetic instability, which can jeopardize the survival of an individual or population as a whole. Abnormality with segregation of genetic contents has been associated with several medical consequences including cancer, sterility, mental retardation, spontaneous abortion, miscarriages, and other birth related defects. Separase, by irreversible cleavage of cohesin complex subunit, paves the way for metaphase/anaphase transition during the cell cycle. Both over or reduced expression and altered level of separase have been associated with several medical consequences including cancer, as a result separase now emerges as an important oncogene and potential molecular target for medical intervenes. Recently, separase is also found to be essential in separation and duplication of centrioles. Here, I review the role of separase in mitosis, meiosis, non-canonical roles of separase, separase regulation, as a regulator of centriole disengagement, nonproteolytic roles, diverse substrates, structural insights, and association of separase with cancer. At the ends, I proposed a model which showed that separase is active throughout the cell cycle and there is a mere increase in separase activity during metaphase contrary to the common believes that separase is inactive throughout cell cycle except for metaphase. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1283-1299, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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30
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Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint is a specialized signal transduction pathway that contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The signaling of the checkpoint originates from defective kinetochore-microtubule interactions and leads to formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), a highly potent inhibitor of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C)—the E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for anaphase onset. Many important questions concerning the MCC and its interaction with APC/C have been intensively investigated and debated in the past 15 years, such as the exact composition of the MCC, how it is assembled during a cell cycle, how it inhibits APC/C, and how the MCC is disassembled to allow APC/C activation. These efforts have culminated in recently reported structure models for human MCC:APC/C supra-complexes at near-atomic resolution that shed light on multiple aspects of the mitotic checkpoint mechanisms. However, confusing statements regarding the MCC are still scattered in the literature, making it difficult for students and scientists alike to obtain a clear picture of MCC composition, structure, function and dynamics. This review will comb through some of the most popular concepts or misconceptions about the MCC, discuss our current understandings, present a synthesized model on regulation of CDC20 ubiquitination, and suggest a few future endeavors and cautions for next phase of MCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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31
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Manic G, Corradi F, Sistigu A, Siteni S, Vitale I. Molecular Regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Kinases and Phosphatases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:105-161. [PMID: 28069132 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism contributing to the preservation of genomic stability by monitoring the microtubule attachment to, and/or the tension status of, each kinetochore during mitosis. The SAC halts metaphase to anaphase transition in the presence of unattached and/or untensed kinetochore(s) by releasing the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) from these improperly-oriented kinetochores to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The reversible phosphorylation of a variety of substrates at the kinetochore by antagonistic kinases and phosphatases is one major signaling mechanism for promptly turning on or turning off the SAC. In such a complex network, some kinases act at the apex of the SAC cascade by either generating (monopolar spindle 1, MPS1/TTK and likely polo-like kinase 1, PLK1), or contributing to generate (Aurora kinase B) kinetochore phospho-docking sites for the hierarchical recruitment of the SAC proteins. Aurora kinase B, MPS1 and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) also promote sister chromatid biorientation by modulating kinetochore microtubule stability. Moreover, MPS1, BUB1, and PLK1 seem to play key roles in APC/C inhibition by mechanisms dependent and/or independent on MCC assembly. The protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are recruited to kinetochores to oppose kinase activity. These phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of kinetochore targets promoting the microtubule attachment stabilization, sister kinetochore biorientation and SAC silencing. The kinase-phosphatase network is crucial as it renders the SAC a dynamic, graded-signaling, high responsive, and robust process thereby ensuring timely anaphase onset and preventing the generation of proneoplastic aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Sistigu
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Siteni
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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32
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Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a safeguard mechanism that coordinates cell-cycle progression during mitosis with the state of chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle. The checkpoint prevents mitotic cells from exiting mitosis in the presence of unattached or improperly attached chromosomes, thus avoiding whole-chromosome gains or losses and their detrimental effects on cell physiology. Here, I review a considerable body of recent progress in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying checkpoint signaling, and identify a number of unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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33
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Agircan FG, Hata S, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Atorino E, Schiebel E. Proximity mapping of human separase by the BioID approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:656-62. [PMID: 27495871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Separase is a caspase-like cysteine protease that is best known for its essential role during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition when it cleaves the cohesin ring complex that keeps the sister chromatids together. Another important function of separase is to regulate the process of centriole separation, known as centriole disengagement, at the end of mitosis. We used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to expand our knowledge on the identity of separase's proximity interactors. We show that separase BioID labeled two domains at the mother centriole: an area underneath the centriolar appendages and another at the proximal end of the mother centriole. BioID analysis identified more than 200 proximity interactors of separase, one being the Alström Syndrome Protein 1 (ALMS1) at the base of centrioles. Other proximity interactors are the histone chaperons NAP1L1 and NAP1L4, which localize to the spindle poles during mitosis and the spindle assembly checkpoint proteins BUBR1, SKA1 and SKA3 that reside at kinetochores in early mitosis. Finally, we show that depletion of BUBR1 homolog from Caenorhabditis elegans delayed the recruitment of separase to mitotic chromosomes, and eventually anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Gurkan Agircan
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Hata
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Atorino
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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