1
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Nguyen N, Carpenter KA, Ensing J, Gilliland C, Rudisel EJ, Mu EM, Thurlow KE, Triche TJ, Grainger S. EGFR-dependent endocytosis of Wnt9a and Fzd9b promotes β-catenin signaling during hematopoietic stem cell development in zebrafish. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadf4299. [PMID: 38626007 PMCID: PMC11103623 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication through secreted Wnt ligands that bind to members of the Frizzled (Fzd) family of transmembrane receptors is critical for development and homeostasis. Wnt9a signals through Fzd9b, the co-receptor LRP5 or LRP6 (LRP5/6), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to promote early proliferation of zebrafish and human hematopoietic stem cells during development. Here, we developed fluorescently labeled, biologically active Wnt9a and Fzd9b fusion proteins to demonstrate that EGFR-dependent endocytosis of the ligand-receptor complex was required for signaling. In human cells, the Wnt9a-Fzd9b complex was rapidly endocytosed and trafficked through early and late endosomes, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Using small-molecule inhibitors and genetic and knockdown approaches, we found that Wnt9a-Fzd9b endocytosis required EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of the Fzd9b tail, caveolin, and the scaffolding protein EGFR protein substrate 15 (EPS15). LRP5/6 and the downstream signaling component AXIN were required for Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling but not for endocytosis. Knockdown or loss of EPS15 impaired hematopoietic stem cell development in zebrafish. Other Wnt ligands do not require endocytosis for signaling activity, implying that specific modes of endocytosis and trafficking may represent a method by which Wnt-Fzd specificity is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Kelsey A. Carpenter
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Jessica Ensing
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Carla Gilliland
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Emma J. Rudisel
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Emily M. Mu
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
| | - Kate E. Thurlow
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
- Van Andel Institute Graduate School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA RRID:SCR_021956
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2
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Chandra Jena B, Flaherty DP, O'Brien VP, Watts VJ. Biochemical pharmacology of adenylyl cyclases in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116160. [PMID: 38522554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Globally, despite extensive research and pharmacological advancement, cancer remains one of the most common causes of mortality. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer progression is essential for the discovery of new drug targets. The adenylyl cyclase (AC) superfamily comprises glycoproteins that regulate intracellular signaling and convert ATP into cyclic AMP, an important second messenger. The present review highlights the involvement of ACs in cancer progression and suppression, broken down for each specific mammalian AC isoform. The precise mechanisms by which ACs contribute to cancer cell proliferation and invasion are not well understood and are variable among cancer types; however, AC overactivation, along with that of downstream regulators, presents a potential target for novel anticancer therapies. The expression patterns of ACs in numerous cancers are discussed. In addition, we highlight inhibitors of AC-related signaling that are currently under investigation, with a focus on possible anti-cancer strategies. Recent discoveries with small molecules regarding more direct modulation AC activity are also discussed in detail. A more comprehensive understanding of different components in AC-related signaling could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for personalized oncology and might enhance the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Valerie P O'Brien
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Val J Watts
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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3
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Klauer MJ, Willette BKA, Tsvetanova NG. Functional diversification of cell signaling by GPCR localization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105668. [PMID: 38272232 PMCID: PMC10882132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and a critical class of regulators of mammalian physiology. Also known as seven transmembrane receptors (7TMs), GPCRs are ubiquitously expressed and versatile, detecting a diverse set of endogenous stimuli, including odorants, neurotransmitters, hormones, peptides, and lipids. Accordingly, GPCRs have emerged as the largest class of drug targets, accounting for upward of 30% of all prescription drugs. The view that ligand-induced GPCR responses originate exclusively from the cell surface has evolved to reflect accumulating evidence that receptors can elicit additional waves of signaling from intracellular compartments. These events in turn shape unique cellular and physiological outcomes. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the roles and regulation of compartmentalized GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Klauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blair K A Willette
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikoleta G Tsvetanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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4
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Willette BKA, Zhang JF, Zhang J, Tsvetanova NG. Endosome positioning coordinates spatially selective GPCR signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:151-161. [PMID: 37500769 PMCID: PMC11024801 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can initiate unique functional responses depending on the subcellular site of activation. Efforts to uncover the mechanistic basis of compartmentalized GPCR signaling have concentrated on the biochemical aspect of this regulation. Here we assess the biophysical positioning of receptor-containing endosomes as an alternative salient mechanism. We devise a strategy to rapidly and selectively redistribute receptor-containing endosomes 'on command' in intact cells without perturbing their biochemical composition. Next, we present two complementary optical readouts that enable robust measurements of bulk- and gene-specific GPCR/cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent transcriptional signaling with single-cell resolution. With these, we establish that disruption of native endosome positioning inhibits the initiation of the endosome-dependent transcriptional responses. Finally, we demonstrate a prominent mechanistic role of PDE-mediated cAMP hydrolysis and local protein kinase A activity in this process. Our study, therefore, illuminates a new mechanism regulating GPCR function by identifying endosome positioning as the principal mediator of spatially selective receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair K A Willette
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jin-Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Pizzoni A, Zhang X, Altschuler DL. From membrane to nucleus: A three-wave hypothesis of cAMP signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105497. [PMID: 38016514 PMCID: PMC10788541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For many decades, our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling was limited exclusively to the plasma membrane. However, a growing body of evidence has challenged this view by introducing the concept of endocytosis-dependent GPCR signaling. This emerging paradigm emphasizes not only the sustained production of cAMP but also its precise subcellular localization, thus transforming our understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of this process. Starting from this alternative point of view, our recent work sheds light on the role of an endocytosis-dependent calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum in the control of nuclear cAMP levels. This is achieved through the activation of local soluble adenylyl cyclase, which in turn regulates the activation of local protein kinase A (PKA) and downstream transcriptional events. In this review, we explore the dynamic evolution of research on cyclic AMP signaling, including the findings that led us to formulate the novel three-wave hypothesis. We delve into how we abandoned the paradigm of cAMP generation limited to the plasma membrane and the changing perspectives on the rate-limiting step in nuclear PKA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pizzoni
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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6
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You J, Reilly MD, Eljalby M, Bareja R, Yusupova M, Vyas NS, Bang J, Ding W, Desman G, Miller LS, Elemento O, Granstein RD, Zippin JH. Soluble adenylyl cyclase contributes to imiquimod-mediated inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1051-1062. [PMID: 37039485 PMCID: PMC10523866 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) has a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis, as indicated by the therapeutic efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibitors that prevent the degradation of cAMP. However, whether soluble adenylate cyclase (sAC) (encoded by the ADCY10 gene), which is an important source for cAMP, is involved in Th17 cell-mediated inflammation or could be an alternative therapeutic target in psoriasis is unknown. We have utilized the imiquimod model of murine psoriasiform dermatitis to address this question. Adcy10-/- mice had reduced erythema, scaling and swelling in the skin and reduced CD4+ IL17+ cell numbers in the draining lymph nodes, compared with wild-type mice after induction of psoriasiform dermatitis with imiquimod. Keratinocyte-specific knock out of Adcy10 had no effect on imiquimod-induced ear swelling suggesting keratinocyte sAC has no role in imiquimod-induced inflammation. During Th17 polarization in vitro, naive T cells from Adcy10-/- mice exhibited reduced IL17 secretion and IL-17+ T-cell proliferation suggesting that differentiation into Th17 cells is suppressed without sAC activity. Interestingly, loss of sAC did not impact the expression of Th17 lineage-defining transcription factors (such as Rorc and cMaf) but rather was required for CREB-dependent gene expression, which is known to support Th17 cell gene expression. Finally, topical application of small molecule sAC inhibitors (sACi) reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis and Il17 gene expression in the skin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that sAC is important for psoriasiform dermatitis in mouse skin. sACi may provide an alternative class of topical therapeutics for Th17-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
| | | | | | - Rohan Bareja
- Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
| | | | - Nikki S. Vyas
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY NY
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
| | - Wanhong Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
| | - Garrett Desman
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY NY
- ProHEALTH Care Associates, OptumCare, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
| | | | - Jonathan H. Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
- Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY NY
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7
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Rasiah NP, Loewen SP, Bains JS. Windows into stress: a glimpse at emerging roles for CRH PVN neurons. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1667-1691. [PMID: 36395349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00056.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing hormone cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (CRHPVN) control the slow endocrine response to stress. The synapses on these cells are exquisitely sensitive to acute stress, leveraging local signals to leave a lasting imprint on this system. Additionally, recent work indicates that these cells also play key roles in the control of distinct stress and survival behaviors. Here we review these observations and provide a perspective on the role of CRHPVN neurons as integrative and malleable hubs for behavioral, physiological, and endocrine responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neilen P Rasiah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Spencer P Loewen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaideep S Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Curtis TM, Nilon AM, Greenberg AJ, Besner M, Scibek JJ, Nichols JA, Huie JL. Odorant Binding Causes Cytoskeletal Rearrangement, Leading to Detectable Changes in Endothelial and Epithelial Barrier Function and Micromotion. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 36979541 PMCID: PMC10046532 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-olfactory cells have excellent biosensor potential because they express functional olfactory receptors (ORs) and are non-neuronal cells that are easy to culture. ORs are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and there is a well-established link between different classes of G-proteins and cytoskeletal structure changes affecting cellular morphology that has been unexplored for odorant sensing. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine if odorant binding in non-olfactory cells causes cytoskeletal changes that will lead to cell changes detectable by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). To this end, we used the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which express OR10J5, and the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, which express OR2AT4. Using these two different cell barriers, we showed that odorant addition, lyral and Sandalore, respectively, caused an increase in cAMP, changes in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and a decrease in the integrity of the junctions between the cells, causing a decrease in cellular electrical resistance. In addition, the random cellular movement of the monolayers (micromotion) was significantly decreased after odorant exposure. Collectively, these data demonstrate a new physiological role of olfactory receptor signaling in endothelial and epithelial cell barriers and represent a new label-free method to detect odorant binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Annabella M. Nilon
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | | | - Matthew Besner
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Jacob J. Scibek
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
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9
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Soluble cyclase-mediated nuclear cAMP synthesis is sufficient for cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208749120. [PMID: 36656863 PMCID: PMC9942871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208749120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP, a key player in many physiological processes, was classically considered to originate solely from the plasma membrane (PM). This view was recently challenged by observations showing that upon internalization GsPCRs can sustain signaling from endosomes and/or the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In this new view, after the first PM-generated cAMP wave, the internalization of GsPCRs and ACs generates a second wave that was strictly associated with nuclear transcriptional events responsible for triggering specific biological responses. Here, we report that the endogenously expressed TSHR, a canonical GsPCR, triggers an internalization-dependent, calcium-mediated nuclear sAC activation that drives PKA activation and CREB phosphorylation. Both pharmacological and genetic sAC inhibition, which did not affect the cytosolic cAMP levels, blunted nuclear cAMP accumulation, PKA activation, and cell proliferation, while an increase in nuclear sAC expression significantly enhanced cell proliferation. Furthermore, using novel nuclear-targeted optogenetic actuators, we show that light-stimulated nuclear cAMP synthesis can mimic the proliferative action of TSH by activating PKA and CREB. Therefore, based on our results, we propose a novel three-wave model in which the "third" wave of cAMP is generated by nuclear sAC. Despite being downstream of events occurring at the PM (first wave) and endosomes/TGN (second wave), the nuclear sAC-generated cAMP (third wave) is sufficient and rate-limiting for thyroid cell proliferation.
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10
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Dos Santos Claro PA, Silbermins M, Inda C, Silberstein S. CRHR1 endocytosis: Spatiotemporal regulation of receptor signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:229-260. [PMID: 36813360 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is crucial for basal and stress-initiated reactions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and extrahypothalamic brain circuits, where it acts as a neuromodulator to organize behavioral and humoral responses to stress. We review and describe cellular components and molecular mechanisms involved in CRH system signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) CRHR1 and CRHR2, under the current view of GPCR signaling from the plasma membrane but also from intracellular compartments, which establish the bases of signal resolution in space and time. Focus is placed on latest studies of CRHR1 signaling in physiologically significant contexts of the neurohormone function that disclosed new mechanistic features of cAMP production and ERK1/2 activation. We also introduce in a brief overview the pathophysiological function of the CRH system, underlining the need for a complete characterization of CRHRs signaling to design new and specific therapies for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Silbermins
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Inda
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Octamer SRL, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Local production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in prefrontal cortex modulates male-specific novelty exploration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211454119. [PMID: 36442105 PMCID: PMC9894189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211454119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory substances can be released from distal afferents for communication between brain structures or produced locally to modulate neighboring circuit elements. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from long-range neurons in the hypothalamus projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been shown to induce anxiety-like behaviors. However, the role of CRH produced in the mPFC has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate that a specific class of mPFC interneurons that express CRH (CrhINs) releases CRH upon high-frequency stimulation to enhance excitability of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells (L2/3 PCs) expressing the CRH receptors. When stimulated at low frequency, CrhINs release GABA resulting in the inhibition of oxytocin receptor-expressing interneurons (OxtrINs) and L2/3 PCs. Conditional deletion of CRH in mPFC CrhINs and chemogenetic activation of CrhINs have opposite effects on novelty exploration in male but not in female mice, and do not affect anxiety-related behaviors in either males or females. Our data reveal that CRH produced by local interneurons in the mPFC is required for sex-specific novelty exploration and suggest that our understanding of complex behaviors may require knowledge of local and remote neuromodulatory action.
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12
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Stojilkovic SS, Previde RM, Sherman AS, Fletcher PA. Pituitary corticotroph identity and receptor-mediated signaling: A transcriptomics perspective. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 25. [PMID: 36177190 PMCID: PMC9514143 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing has offered an unprecedented view of pituitary cell transcriptomic profiles. In this review, these new data are briefly discussed and compared with the classical literature, focusing on pituitary corticotrophs. These cells are introduced by discussing their marker genes, followed by a review of G protein-coupled receptor gene expression, heterotrimeric G protein genes, and genes encoding signaling pathways downstream of G proteins: adenylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, phospholipases, and protein kinases. The expression patterns of enzyme-linked plasma membrane and nuclear hormone receptor genes was also analyzed. The overview of these selected groups of genes sheds new light on corticotrophic receptors and their signaling pathways and provides guidance for further basic and clinical research by identifying genes that not been studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko S. Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: Stanko S. Stojilkovic ()
| | - Rafael M. Previde
- Section on Cellular Signaling, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arthur S. Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick A. Fletcher
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Budziñski ML, Sokn C, Gobbini R, Ugo B, Antunica-Noguerol M, Senin S, Bajaj T, Gassen NC, Rein T, Schmidt MV, Binder EB, Arzt E, Liberman AC. Tricyclic antidepressants target FKBP51 SUMOylation to restore glucocorticoid receptor activity. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2533-2545. [PMID: 35256747 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FKBP51 is an important inhibitor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. High FKBP51 levels are associated to stress-related disorders, which are linked to GR resistance. SUMO conjugation to FKBP51 is necessary for FKBP51's inhibitory action on GR. The GR/FKBP51 pathway is target of antidepressant action. Thus we investigated if these drugs could inhibit FKBP51 SUMOylation and therefore restore GR activity. Screening cells using Ni2+ affinity and in vitro SUMOylation assays revealed that tricyclic antidepressants- particularly clomipramine- inhibited FKBP51 SUMOylation. Our data show that clomipramine binds to FKBP51 inhibiting its interaction with PIAS4 and therefore hindering its SUMOylation. The inhibition of FKBP51 SUMOylation decreased its binding to Hsp90 and GR facilitating FKBP52 recruitment, and enhancing GR activity. Reduction of PIAS4 expression in rat primary astrocytes impaired FKBP51 interaction with GR, while clomipramine could no longer exert its inhibitory action. This mechanism was verified in vivo in mice treated with clomipramine. These results describe the action of antidepressants as repressors of FKBP51 SUMOylation as a molecular switch for restoring GR sensitivity, thereby providing new potential routes of antidepressant intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia L Budziñski
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Clara Sokn
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Romina Gobbini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Belén Ugo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - María Antunica-Noguerol
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Sergio Senin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Bonn Clinical Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Bonn Clinical Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina. .,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
| | - Ana C Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina.
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14
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Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are conditions in which the use of legal or illegal substances, such as nicotine, alcohol or opioids, results in clinical and functional impairment. SUDs and, more generally, substance use are genetically complex traits that are enormously costly on an individual and societal basis. The past few years have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the genetics, and therefore the biology, of substance use and abuse. Various studies - including of well-defined phenotypes in deeply phenotyped samples, as well as broadly defined phenotypes in meta-analysis and biobank samples - have revealed multiple risk loci for these common traits. A key emerging insight from this work establishes a biological and genetic distinction between quantity and/or frequency measures of substance use (which may involve low levels of use without dependence), versus symptoms related to physical dependence.
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15
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Cao L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Li Z. Resolvin D2 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting autophagy in macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1222. [PMID: 34603519 PMCID: PMC8453332 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that regulates interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and pyroptosis, participates in numerous inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, atherosclerosis and type-2 diabetes. Investigating the inflammasome regulation is therefore crucial to understand the inflammasome activation and develop treatment for the related diseases. In addition, it remains unknown how the inflammasome is naturally suppressed during the inflammatory process. The present study aimed to investigate the role of resolvin D2 (RvD2), an innate suppressor of inflammation produced from essential ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the activation of the inflammasome via in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effects of RvD2 on the cytokine production of inflammasome-related peritonitis were determined, and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was investigated in the presence of RvD2. Moreover, the potential mechanisms underlying RvD2 in NLRP3 inflammasome regulation through autophagy and proteasome were investigated. The results of the present study demonstrated that RvD2 suppressed inflammasome-mediated peritonitis in vivo and regulated the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, but not in absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasomes. Mechanistically, RvD2 was found to promote the degradation of NLRP3 through autophagy, and the inhibition of autophagy could reverse the RvD2-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and partially reverse the inflammasome-mediated peritonitis in vivo. In summary, the present study reported the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by RvD2. The findings from this study may extend the knowledge of the innate regulation of inflammasome and highlight a possible target for inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yiya Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Emergency, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Feijuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Lixiu Liu
- Department of Emergency, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Emergency, No. 906 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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16
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Sigismund S, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:625-643. [PMID: 34075221 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Endosomal cAMP production broadly impacts the cellular phosphoproteome. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100907. [PMID: 34166681 PMCID: PMC8294583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal signaling downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has emerged as a novel paradigm with important pharmacological and physiological implications. However, our knowledge of the functional consequences of intracellular signaling is incomplete. To begin to address this gap, we combined an optogenetic approach for site-specific generation of the prototypical second messenger generated by active GPCRs, cyclic AMP (cAMP), with unbiased mass-spectrometry-based analysis of the phosphoproteome. We identified 218 unique, high-confidence sites whose phosphorylation is either increased or decreased in response to cAMP elevation. We next determined that the same amount of cAMP produced from the endosomal membrane led to more robust changes in phosphorylation than the plasma membrane. Remarkably, this was true for the entire repertoire of 218 identified targets and irrespective of their annotated subcellular localizations (endosome, cell surface, nucleus, cytosol). Furthermore, we identified a particularly strong endosome bias for a subset of proteins that are dephosphorylated in response to cAMP. Through bioinformatics analysis, we established these targets as putative substrates for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and we propose compartmentalized activation of PP2A by cAMP-responsive kinases as the likely underlying mechanism. Altogether, our study extends the concept that endosomal signaling is a significant functional contributor to cellular responsiveness to cAMP by establishing a unique role for localized cAMP production in defining categorically distinct phosphoresponses.
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18
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Naim N, Reece JM, Zhang X, Altschuler DL. Dual Activation of cAMP Production Through Photostimulation or Chemical Stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2173:201-216. [PMID: 32651920 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
cAMP is a crucial mediator of multiple cell signaling pathways. This cyclic nucleotide requires strict spatiotemporal control for effective function. Light-activated proteins have become a powerful tool to study signaling kinetics due to having quick on/off rates and minimal off-target effects. The photoactivated adenylyl cyclase from Beggiatoa (bPAC) produces cAMP rapidly upon stimulation with blue light. However, light delivery is not always feasible, especially in vivo. Hence, we created a luminescence-activated cyclase by fusing bPAC with nanoluciferase (nLuc) to allow chemical activation of cAMP activity. This dual-activated adenylyl cyclase can be stimulated using short bursts of light or long-term chemical activation with furimazine and other related luciferins. Together these can be used to mimic transient, chronic, and oscillating patterns of cAMP signaling. Moreover, when coupled to compartment-specific targeting domains, these reagents provide a new powerful tool for cAMP spatiotemporal dynamic studies. Here, we describe detailed methods for working with bPAC-nLuc in mammalian cells, stimulating cAMP production with light and luciferins, and measuring total cAMP accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyla Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Addgene, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Jeff M Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Advanced Light Microscopy & Image Analysis Core (ALMIAC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Silberstein S, Liberman AC, Dos Santos Claro PA, Ugo MB, Deussing JM, Arzt E. Stress-Related Brain Neuroinflammation Impact in Depression: Role of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone System and P2X7 Receptor. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:52-60. [PMID: 33845478 DOI: 10.1159/000515130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and other psychiatric stress-related disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide. Up to date, treatments of mood disorders have limited success, most likely due to the multifactorial etiology of these conditions. Alterations in inflammatory processes have been identified as possible pathophysiological mechanisms in psychiatric conditions. Here, we review the main features of 2 systems involved in the control of these inflammatory pathways: the CRH system as a key regulator of the stress response and the ATP-gated ion-channel P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) involved in the control of immune functions. The pathophysiology of depression as a stress-related psychiatric disorder is depicted in terms of the impact of CRH and P2X7R function on inflammatory pathways in the brain. Understanding pathogenesis of affective disorders will lead to the development of therapies for treatment of depression and other stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ayelén Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Belén Ugo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Abstract
The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal coding. This realization has changed our understanding of cAMP signaling from a model in which cAMP connects a receptor at the plasma membrane to an intracellular effector in a linear pathway to a model in which cAMP signals propagate within a complex network of alternative branches and the specific functional outcome strictly depends on local regulation of cAMP levels and on selective activation of a limited number of branches within the network. In this review, we cover some of the early studies and summarize more recent evidence supporting the model of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, and we discuss how this knowledge is starting to provide original mechanistic insight into cell physiology and a novel framework for the identification of disease mechanisms that potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Bang J, Zippin JH. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in melanocyte pigmentation and melanomagenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:28-43. [PMID: 32777162 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous functions in both benign melanocytes and melanoma cells. cAMP is generated from two distinct sources, transmembrane and soluble adenylyl cyclases (tmAC and sAC, respectively), and is degraded by a family of proteins called phosphodiesterases (PDEs). cAMP signaling can be regulated in many different ways and can lead to varied effects in melanocytes. It was recently revealed that distinct cAMP signaling pathways regulate pigmentation by either altering pigment gene expression or the pH of melanosomes. In the context of melanoma, many studies report seemingly contradictory roles for cAMP in tumorigenesis. For example, cAMP signaling has been implicated in both cancer promotion and suppression, as well as both therapy resistance and sensitization. This conundrum in the field may be explained by the fact that cAMP signals in discrete microdomains and each microdomain can mediate differential cellular functions. Here, we review the role of cAMP signaling microdomains in benign melanocyte biology, focusing on pigmentation, and in melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Lazar AM, Irannejad R, Baldwin TA, Sundaram AB, Gutkind JS, Inoue A, Dessauer CW, Von Zastrow M. G protein-regulated endocytic trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9. eLife 2020; 9:e58039. [PMID: 32515353 PMCID: PMC7332294 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs are increasingly recognized to initiate signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins as they move through the endocytic network, but little is known about how relevant G protein effectors are localized. Here we report selective trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9 (AC9) from the plasma membrane to endosomes while adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) remains in the plasma membrane, and stimulation of AC9 trafficking by ligand-induced activation of Gs-coupled GPCRs. AC9 transits a similar, dynamin-dependent early endocytic pathway as ligand-activated GPCRs. However, unlike GPCR traffic control which requires β-arrestin but not Gs, AC9 traffic control requires Gs but not β-arrestin. We also show that AC9, but not AC1, mediates cAMP production stimulated by endogenous receptor activation in endosomes. These results reveal dynamic and isoform-specific trafficking of adenylyl cyclase in the endocytic network, and a discrete role of a heterotrimeric G protein in regulating the subcellular distribution of a relevant effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Lazar
- Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tanya A Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Aparna B Sundaram
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-kuSendaiJapan
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Mark Von Zastrow
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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23
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Yarur HE, González MP, Verbel‐Vergara D, Andrés ME, Gysling K. Cross‐talk between dopamine D1 and corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors leads to occlusion of their ERK1/2 signaling. J Neurochem 2020; 155:264-273. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector E. Yarur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Marcela P. González
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Verbel‐Vergara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - María E. Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
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24
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Unveiling the genetic etiology of primary ciliary dyskinesia: When standard genetic approach is not enough. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:1-11. [PMID: 31835165 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy caused by dysfunction of motile cilia. As there is still no standard PCD diagnostics, the final diagnosis requires a combination of several tests. The genetic screening is a hallmark for the final diagnosis and requires high-throughput techniques, such as whole-exome sequencing (WES). Nevertheless, WES has limitations that may prevent a definitive genetic diagnosis. Here we present a case that demonstrates how the PCD genetic diagnosis may not be trivial. MATERIALS/METHODS A child with PCD and situs inversus totalis (designated as Kartagener syndrome (KS)) was subjected to clinical assessments, ultrastructural analysis of motile cilia, extensive genetic evaluation by WES and chromosomal array analysis, bioinformatic analysis, gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence to identify the genetic etiology. His parents and sister, as well as healthy controls were also evaluated. RESULTS Here we show that a disease-causing variant in the USP11 gene and copy number variations in CRHR1 and KRT34 genes may be involved in the patient PCD phenotype. None of these genes were previously reported in PCD patients and here we firstly show its presence and immunolocalization in respiratory cells. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights how the genetic diagnosis can turn to be rather complex and that combining several approaches may be needed. Overall, our results contribute to increase the understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of PCD/KS, which is of paramount importance to assist the current diagnosis and future development of newer therapies.
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25
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Spexin as an anxiety regulator in mouse hippocampus: Mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of spexin gene expression by corticotropin releasing factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:326-333. [PMID: 32093887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) acts as a neuropeptide with pleiotropic functions that can participate in anxiety regulation. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is widely expressed in brain tissues and associated with depression and anxiety and addiction. With the anxious mice under chronic unpredictable stress, we found SPX mRNA expression level in the hippocampus of the brain was significantly reduced, while local CRF mRNA expression level was increased. Furthermore, CRF injection in the hippocampus could also decrease SPX mRNA expression levels in hippocampus and other brain tissues, including pituitary and hypothalamus. With the primary mouse hippocampal cell model, CRF treatment could decrease SPX mRNA expression at hippocampal cell level and this inhibitory effect was mediated only by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) but not corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1). In HEK293 cells with CRFR2 over-expression, CRF could also inhibit SPX promoter activity coupling with AC/cAMP/PKA and MEK1/2/Erk1/2 cascades. In addition, Epac was also involved with the CRF-repressed SPX promoter activity and cross-talked with MEK1/2/Erk1/2 pathway. CRF could inhibit SPX gene expression in mouse hippocampus via transcriptional activation at the promoter level with coupling of AC/cAMP and MEK1/2/Erk1/2 signaling, which will be relevant to the anxiety response mediated by SPX in central nervous system.
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26
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Gioldasi S, Karvela A, Rojas-Gil AP, Rodi M, de Lastic AL, Thomas I, Spiliotis BE, Mouzaki A. Metabolic Association between Leptin and the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:458-466. [PMID: 30727936 PMCID: PMC7360915 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206165626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective In healthy individuals, leptin is produced from adipose tissue and is secreted into the circulation to communicate energy balance status to the brain and control fat metabolism. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates stress responses. Among the many adipokines and hormones that control fat metabolism, leptin and CRH both curb appetite and inhibit food intake. Despite numerous reports on leptin and CRH properties and function, little has been actually shown about their association in the adipose tissue environment. Methods In this article, we summarized the salient information on leptin and CRH in relation to metabolism. We also investigated the direct effect of recombinant CRH on leptin secretion by primary cultures of human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 7 healthy children and adolescents, and measured CRH and leptin levels in plasma collected from peripheral blood of 24 healthy children and adolescents to assess whether a correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery. Results and Conclusion The available data indicate that CRH exerts a role in the regulation of leptin in human adipocytes. We show that CRH downregulates leptin production by mature adipocytes and that a strong negative correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery, and suggest the possible mechanisms of CRH control of leptin. Delineation of CRH control of leptin production by adipocytes may explain unknown pathogenic mechanisms linking stress and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gioldasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexia Karvela
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Maria Rodi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anne-Lise de Lastic
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Iason Thomas
- Department of Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bessie E Spiliotis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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27
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Xu M, Jiang Z, Wang C, Li N, Bo L, Zha Y, Bian J, Zhang Y, Deng X. Acetate attenuates inflammasome activation through GPR43-mediated Ca 2+-dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31337751 PMCID: PMC6802670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetate has been indicated to be elevated and to regulate inflammation in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The inflammasome serves as a key component of immune homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to various inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about the effects of acetate on inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that acetate attenuates inflammasome activation via GPR43 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Through binding to GPR43, acetate activates the Gq/11 subunit and subsequent phospholipase C-IP3 signaling to decrease Ca2+ mobilization. In addition, acetate activates soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), promotes NLRP3 inflammasome ubiquitination by PKA, and ultimately induces NLRP3 degradation through autophagy. In vivo, acetate protects mice from NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent peritonitis and LPS-induced endotoxemia. Collectively, our research demonstrates that acetate regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome via GPR43 and Ca2+-dependent mechanisms, which reveals the mechanism of metabolite-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and highlights acetate as a possible therapeutic strategy for NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengda Xu
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China ,Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital, PLA, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei Province China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Changli Wang
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Lulong Bo
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Zha
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Bian
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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Xie Z, Penzes P, Srivastava DP. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 is required for corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated spine loss. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3108-3114. [PMID: 31199033 PMCID: PMC6821562 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced in response to acute and chronic stress. Previous studies have shown that activation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) by corticotropin-releasing hormone results in the rapid loss of dendritic spines which correlates with cognitive dysfunction associated with stress. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC2), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap, plays a critical role in regulating dendritic spine morphology and has been linked with CRHR1 signalling. In this study, we have tested whether EPAC2 links corticotropin-releasing hormone with dendritic spine remodelling. In primary rat cortical neurons, we show that CRHR1 is highly enriched in the dendritic spines. Furthermore, we find that EPAC2 and CRHR1 co-localize in cortical neurons and that acute exposure to corticotropin-releasing hormone induces spine loss. To establish whether EPAC2 was required for corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated spine loss, we knocked-down EPAC2 in cortical neurons using a short hairpin RNA-mediated approach. In the presence of Epac2 knocked-down, corticotropin-releasing hormone was no longer able to induce spine loss. Taken together, our data indicate that EPAC2 is required for the rapid loss of dendritic spines induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone and may ultimately contribute to responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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Wang Z, Gai Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Cui S. miR-375 mediates the CRF signaling pathway to regulate catecholamine biosynthesis by targeting Sp1 in porcine adrenal gland. Stress 2019; 22:332-346. [PMID: 30714474 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1561845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF) is a key regulator of catecholamines (CATs) biosynthesis in the adrenal gland. Furthermore, miR-375 has been confirmed to be localized in the mouse adrenal gland. However, the relationships between miR-375 and CRF in regulating CATs biosynthesis remain to be established. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between CRF and miR-375 in the regulation of CATs biosynthesis in the porcine adrenal gland. Eight adult female pigs (four controls; four injected intracerebroventricularly with 50 μg of CRF) were used for the in vivo experiments in this study. The results showed that miR-375 was exclusively localized in porcine adrenal medullary cells. Functional studies showed that miR-375 negatively regulated CATs synthesis in primary cells by affecting the expression of the CATs synthetases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). CRF up-regulated the expression of CATs synthetase in primary adrenal medullary cells under basal conditions and upon endogenous miR-375 inhibition; the enhanced effects vanished when cellular miR-375 was overexpressed by transfecting miR-375-mic. CRF decreased the expression of miR-375 both in vivo and in vitro. Our in vitro results showed that CRF significantly decreased the expression of miR-375, perhaps by binding to CRFR1. miR-375 functions by directly binding to the 3'-UTR region of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which is involved in regulating Th and Dbh expression. These data collectively indicate that miR-375 plays an important role in regulating CATs synthesis and mediates the CRF signaling pathway in porcine adrenal medullary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Yedan Gai
- a State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jinlian Zhou
- b The 306th Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Sheng Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
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30
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Localised GPCR signalling as revealed by FRET biosensors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 57:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Wang YY, Pu XY, Shi WG, Fang QQ, Chen XR, Xi HR, Gao YH, Zhou J, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote bone formation by activating the sAC-cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:2807-2821. [PMID: 30067871 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has long been an area of interest. However, the clinical application of PEMFs remains limited because of the poor understanding of the PEMF action mechanism. Here, we report that PEMFs promote bone formation by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways. First, it was found that 50 Hz 0.6 millitesla (mT) PEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs), and that PEMFs activated cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, facilitating phosphorylation of PKA and CREB, and inducing nuclear translocation of phosphorylated (p)-CREB. Blocking the signaling by adenylate cyclase (AC) and PKA inhibitors both abolished the osteogenic effect of PEMFs. Second, expression of sAC isoform was found to be increased significantly by PEMF treatment. Blocking sAC using sAC-specific inhibitor KH7 dramatically inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of ROBs. Finally, the peak bone mass of growing rats was significantly increased after 2 months of PEMF treatment with 90 min/day. The serum cAMP content, p-PKA, and p-CREB as well as the sAC protein expression levels were all increased significantly in femurs of treated rats. The current study indicated that PEMFs promote bone formation in vitro and in vivo by activating sAC-cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway of osteoblasts directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Pu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Gui Shi
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yanglin, China
| | - Hui-Rong Xi
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hai Gao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
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32
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Naim N, White AD, Reece JM, Wankhede M, Zhang X, Vilardaga JP, Altschuler DL. Luminescence-activated nucleotide cyclase regulates spatial and temporal cAMP synthesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1095-1103. [PMID: 30559293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac118.004905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, attachment, migration, and several other processes. It has become increasingly evident that tight regulation of cAMP accumulation and localization confers divergent yet specific signaling to downstream pathways. Currently, few tools are available that have sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to study location-biased cAMP signaling. Here, we introduce a new fusion protein consisting of a light-activated adenylyl cyclase (bPAC) and luciferase (nLuc). This construct allows dual activation of cAMP production through temporally precise photostimulation or chronic chemical stimulation that can be fine-tuned to mimic physiological levels and duration of cAMP synthesis to trigger downstream events. By targeting this construct to different compartments, we show that cAMP produced in the cytosol and nucleus stimulates proliferation in thyroid cells. The bPAC-nLuc fusion construct adds a new reagent to the available toolkit to study cAMP-regulated processes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyla Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Alex D White
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jeff M Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Mamta Wankhede
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | | | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
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33
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Drelich A, Judy B, He X, Chang Q, Yu S, Li X, Lu F, Wakamiya M, Popov V, Zhou J, Ksiazek T, Gong B. Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP Modulates Ebola Virus Uptake into Vascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100563. [PMID: 30332733 PMCID: PMC6213290 DOI: 10.3390/v10100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Filoviridae, including Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Given their high lethality, a comprehensive understanding of filoviral pathogenesis is urgently needed. In the present studies, we revealed that the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) gene deletion protects vasculature in ex vivo explants from EBOV infection. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 using EPAC-specific inhibitors (ESIs) mimicked the EPAC1 knockout phenotype in the ex vivo model. ESI treatment dramatically decreased EBOV infectivity in both ex vivo vasculature and in vitro vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, postexposure protection of ECs against EBOV infection was conferred using ESIs. Protective efficacy of ESIs in ECs was observed also in MARV infection. Additional studies using a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype that expresses EBOV glycoprotein (EGP-VSV) confirmed that ESIs reduced infection in ECs. Ultrastructural studies suggested that ESIs blocked EGP-VSV internalization via inhibition of macropinocytosis. The inactivation of EPAC1 affects the early stage of viral entry after viral binding to the cell surface, but before early endosome formation, in a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. Our study delineated a new critical role of EPAC1 during EBOV uptake into ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Barbara Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Shangyi Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Vsevolod Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Deussing JM, Chen A. The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Family: Physiology of the Stress Response. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2225-2286. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive responses that involve numerous neural circuits and effector molecules to adapt to the current and future demands. A maladaptive stress response has been linked to the etiology of a variety of disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders, eating disorders, and the metabolic syndrome. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its relatives, the urocortins 1–3, in concert with their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2), have emerged as central components of the physiological stress response. This central peptidergic system impinges on a broad spectrum of physiological processes that are the basis for successful adaptation and concomitantly integrate autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral stress responses. This review focuses on the physiology of CRF-related peptides and their cognate receptors with the aim of providing a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the field. We describe the major molecular features covering aspects of gene expression and regulation, structural properties, and molecular interactions, as well as mechanisms of signal transduction and their surveillance. In addition, we discuss the large body of published experimental studies focusing on state-of-the-art genetic approaches with high temporal and spatial precision, which collectively aimed to dissect the contribution of CRF-related ligands and receptors to different levels of the stress response. We discuss the controversies in the field and unravel knowledge gaps that might pave the way for future research directions and open up novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Deussing
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Assessing real-time signaling and agonist-induced CRHR1 internalization by optical methods. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 149:239-257. [PMID: 30616823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of live-cell sensors for real-time measurement of signaling responses, with improved spatial and temporal resolution with respect to classical biochemical methods, has changed our understanding of cellular signaling. Examination of cAMP generation downstream activated GPCRs has shown that signaling responses can be short-lived (generated from the cell surface) or prolonged after receptor internalization. Class B secretin-like Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) is a key player in stress pathophysiology. By monitoring real-time signaling in living cells, we uncovered cell context-dependent temporal characteristics of CRHR1-elicited cAMP responses and disclosed a specific link between cAMP generation and receptor signaling from internal compartments. We describe technical aspects and elaborate the protocols for cell line expression of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors to study the dynamics of cAMP and calcium signaling responses downstream activated CRHR1, live-cell imaging and analysis, and fluorescence flow cytometry to determine receptor levels at the cell surface.
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36
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Wiggins SV, Steegborn C, Levin LR, Buck J. Pharmacological modulation of the CO 2/HCO 3-/pH-, calcium-, and ATP-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:173-186. [PMID: 29807057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), the prototypical second messenger, has been implicated in a wide variety of (often opposing) physiological processes. It simultaneously mediates multiple, diverse processes, often within a single cell, by acting locally within independently-regulated and spatially-restricted microdomains. Within each microdomain, the level of cAMP will be dependent upon the balance between its synthesis by adenylyl cyclases and its degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In mammalian cells, there are many PDE isoforms and two types of adenylyl cyclases; the G protein regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs) and the CO2/HCO3-/pH-, calcium-, and ATP-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Discriminating the roles of individual cyclic nucleotide microdomains requires pharmacological modulators selective for the various PDEs and/or adenylyl cyclases. Such tools present an opportunity to develop therapeutics specifically targeted to individual cAMP dependent pathways. The pharmacological modulators of tmACs have recently been reviewed, and in this review, we describe the current status of pharmacological tools available for studying sAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakarr V Wiggins
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Hanyaloglu AC. Advances in Membrane Trafficking and Endosomal Signaling of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:93-131. [PMID: 29776606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integration of GPCR signaling with membrane trafficking, as a single orchestrated system, is a theme increasingly evident with the growing reports of GPCR endosomal signaling. Once viewed as a mechanism to regulate cell surface heterotrimeric G protein signaling, the endocytic trafficking system is complex, highly compartmentalized, yet deeply interconnected with cell signaling. The organization of receptors into distinct plasma membrane signalosomes, biochemically distinct endosomal populations, endosomal microdomains, and its communication with distinct subcellular organelles such as the Golgi provides multiple unique signaling platforms that are critical for specifying receptor function physiologically and pathophysiologically. In this chapter I discuss our emerging understanding in the endocytic trafficking systems employed by GPCRs and their novel roles in spatial control of signaling. Given the extensive roles that GPCRs play in vivo, these evolving models are starting to provide mechanistic understanding of distinct diseases and provide novel therapeutic avenues that are proving to be viable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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38
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Busquets-Garcia A, Bains J, Marsicano G. CB 1 Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Extracting Specificity from Ubiquity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:4-20. [PMID: 28862250 PMCID: PMC5719111 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are amongst the most ubiquitous signaling molecules in the nervous system. Over the past few decades, observations based on a large volume of work, first examining the pharmacological effects of exogenous cannabinoids, and then the physiological functions of eCBs, have directly challenged long-held and dogmatic views about communication, plasticity and behavior in the central nervous system (CNS). The eCBs and their cognate cannabinoid receptors exhibit a number of unique properties that distinguish them from the widely studied classical amino-acid transmitters, neuropeptides, and catecholamines. Although we now have a loose set of mechanistic rules based on experimental findings, new studies continue to reveal that our understanding of the eCB system (ECS) is continuously evolving and challenging long-held conventions. Here we will briefly summarize findings on the current canonical view of the 'ECS' and will address novel aspects that reveal how a nearly ubiquitous system can determine highly specific functions in the brain. In particular, we will focus on findings that push for an expansion of our ideas around long-held beliefs about eCB signaling that, while clearly true, may be contributing to an oversimplified perspective on how cannabinoid signaling at the microscopic level impacts behavior at the macroscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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39
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Szalai AM, Armando NG, Barabas FM, Stefani FD, Giordano L, Bari SE, Cavasotto CN, Silberstein S, Aramendía PF. A fluorescence nanoscopy marker for corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor: computer design, synthesis, signaling effects, super-resolved fluorescence imaging, and in situ affinity constant in cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29212-29220. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent marker for CRHR1 shows an antagonist effect and suitability for super resolution fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Szalai
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
| | - Natalia G. Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Federico M. Barabas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Fernando D. Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Luciana Giordano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
| | - Sara E. Bari
- Instituto de Química Física de Materiales
- Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) CONICET-UBA
- Pabellón 2. Ciudad Universitaria
- 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Pedro F. Aramendía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
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40
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Nogueras-Ortiz C, Roman-Vendrell C, Mateo-Semidey GE, Liao YH, Kendall DA, Yudowski GA. Retromer stops beta-arrestin 1-mediated signaling from internalized cannabinoid 2 receptors. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3554-3561. [PMID: 28954865 PMCID: PMC5683765 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The retromer acts as the gatekeeper blocking signaling mediated by beta-arrestin 1 from internalized cannabinoid 2 receptors. This work provides further confirmation of the relevance and prevalence of signaling from internalized receptors at endosomal compartments after ligand-induced endocytosis. G protein–coupled receptors mediate their complex functions through activation of signaling cascades from receptors localized at the cell surface and endosomal compartments. These signaling pathways are modulated by heterotrimeric G proteins and the scaffold proteins beta-arrestin 1 and 2. However, in contrast to the events occurring at the cell surface, our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling signaling from receptors localized at intracellular compartments is still very limited. Here we sought to investigate the intracellular signaling from cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R). First, we show that receptor internalization is required for agonist-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Then we demonstrate that ERK1/2 activation is mediated by beta-arrestin 1 from receptors localized exclusively at Rab4/5 compartments. Finally, we identify the retromer complex as a gatekeeper, terminating beta-arrestin 1–mediated ERK phosphorylation. These findings extend our understanding of the events controlling signaling from endocytosed receptors and identify the retromer as a modulator of beta-arrestin–mediated signaling from CB2R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Roman-Vendrell
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Puerto Rico, Medical San Juan, PR 00936
| | - Gabriel E Mateo-Semidey
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical San Juan, PR 00936.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical San Juan, PR 00936
| | - Yu-Hsien Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092
| | - Guillermo A Yudowski
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901 .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical San Juan, PR 00936.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical San Juan, PR 00936
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41
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Valsecchi F, Konrad C, D'Aurelio M, Ramos-Espiritu LS, Stepanova A, Burstein SR, Galkin A, Magranè J, Starkov A, Buck J, Levin LR, Manfredi G. Distinct intracellular sAC-cAMP domains regulate ER Ca 2+ signaling and OXPHOS function. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3713-3727. [PMID: 28864766 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP regulates a wide variety of physiological functions in mammals. This single second messenger can regulate multiple, seemingly disparate functions within independently regulated cell compartments. We have previously identified one such compartment inside the matrix of the mitochondria, where soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We now show that sAC knockout fibroblasts have a defect in OXPHOS activity and attempt to compensate for this defect by increasing OXPHOS proteins. Importantly, sAC knockout cells also exhibit decreased probability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release associated with diminished phosphorylation of the inositol 3-phosphate receptor. Restoring sAC expression exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix rescues OXPHOS activity and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by intramitochondrial sAC. In contrast, Ca2+ release from the ER is only rescued when sAC expression is restored throughout the cell. Thus, we show that functionally distinct, sAC-defined, intracellular cAMP signaling domains regulate metabolism and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Lavoisier S Ramos-Espiritu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Magranè
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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42
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Inda C, Armando NG, Dos Santos Claro PA, Silberstein S. Endocrinology and the brain: corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:R99-R120. [PMID: 28710078 PMCID: PMC5551434 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a key player of basal and stress-activated responses in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and in extrahypothalamic circuits, where it functions as a neuromodulator to orchestrate humoral and behavioral adaptive responses to stress. This review describes molecular components and cellular mechanisms involved in CRH signaling downstream of its G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) CRHR1 and CRHR2 and summarizes recent findings that challenge the classical view of GPCR signaling and impact on our understanding of CRHRs function. Special emphasis is placed on recent studies of CRH signaling that revealed new mechanistic aspects of cAMP generation and ERK1/2 activation in physiologically relevant contexts of the neurohormone action. In addition, we present an overview of the pathophysiological role of the CRH system, which highlights the need for a precise definition of CRHRs signaling at molecular level to identify novel targets for pharmacological intervention in neuroendocrine tissues and specific brain areas involved in CRH-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Inda
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
- DFBMCFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia G Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula A Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
- DFBMCFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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43
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Bahouth SW, Nooh MM. Barcoding of GPCR trafficking and signaling through the various trafficking roadmaps by compartmentalized signaling networks. Cell Signal 2017; 36:42-55. [PMID: 28449947 PMCID: PMC5512170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper signaling by G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) is dependent on the specific repertoire of transducing, enzymatic and regulatory kinases and phosphatases that shape its signaling output. Activation and signaling of the GPCR through its cognate G protein is impacted by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-imprinted "barcodes" that recruit β-arrestins to regulate subsequent desensitization, biased signaling and endocytosis of the GPCR. The outcome of agonist-internalized GPCR in endosomes is also regulated by sequence motifs or "barcodes" within the GPCR that mediate its recycling to the plasma membrane or retention and eventual degradation as well as its subsequent signaling in endosomes. Given the vast number of diverse sequences in GPCR, several trafficking mechanisms for endosomal GPCR have been described. The majority of recycling GPCR, are sorted out of endosomes in a "sequence-dependent pathway" anchored around a type-1 PDZ-binding module found in their C-tails. For a subset of these GPCR, a second "barcode" imprinted onto specific GPCR serine/threonine residues by compartmentalized kinase networks was required for their efficient recycling through the "sequence-dependent pathway". Mutating the serine/threonine residues involved, produced dramatic effects on GPCR trafficking, indicating that they played a major role in setting the trafficking itinerary of these GPCR. While endosomal SNX27, retromer/WASH complexes and actin were required for efficient sorting and budding of all these GPCR, additional proteins were required for GPCR sorting via the second "barcode". Here we will review recent developments in GPCR trafficking in general and the human β1-adrenergic receptor in particular across the various trafficking roadmaps. In addition, we will discuss the role of GPCR trafficking in regulating endosomal GPCR signaling, which promote biochemical and physiological effects that are distinct from those generated by the GPCR signal transduction pathway in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman W Bahouth
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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44
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Futch HS, Croft CL, Truong VQ, Krause EG, Golde TE. Targeting psychologic stress signaling pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:49. [PMID: 28633663 PMCID: PMC5479037 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease; to date, no AD therapy has proven effective in delaying or preventing the disease course. In the search for novel therapeutic targets in AD, it has been shown that increased chronic psychologic stress is associated with AD risk. Subsequently, biologic pathways underlying psychologic stress have been identified and shown to be able to exacerbate AD relevant pathologies. In this review, we summarize the literature relevant to the association between psychologic stress and AD, focusing on studies investigating the effects of stress paradigms on transgenic mouse models of Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies. In recent years, a substantial amount of research has been done investigating a key stress-response mediator, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and its interactions with AD relevant processes. We highlight attempts to target the CRH signaling pathway as a therapeutic intervention in these transgenic mouse models and discuss how targeting this pathway is a promising avenue for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S. Futch
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, PO Box 1000015, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Cara L. Croft
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, PO Box 1000015, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Van Q. Truong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, PO Box 1000015, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Eric G. Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, PO Box 1000015, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, PO Box 1000015, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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45
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Inda C, Bonfiglio JJ, Dos Santos Claro PA, Senin SA, Armando NG, Deussing JM, Silberstein S. cAMP-dependent cell differentiation triggered by activated CRHR1 in hippocampal neuronal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1944. [PMID: 28512295 PMCID: PMC5434020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) activates the atypical soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in addition to transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs). Both cAMP sources were shown to be required for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 triggered by activated G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CRHR1 in neuronal and neuroendocrine contexts. Here, we show that activated CRHR1 promotes growth arrest and neurite elongation in neuronal hippocampal cells (HT22-CRHR1 cells). By characterising CRHR1 signalling mechanisms involved in the neuritogenic effect, we demonstrate that neurite outgrowth in HT22-CRHR1 cells takes place by a sAC-dependent, ERK1/2-independent signalling cascade. Both tmACs and sAC are involved in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-mediated CREB phosphorylation and c-fos induction, but only sAC-generated cAMP pools are critical for the neuritogenic effect of CRH, further highlighting the engagement of two sources of cAMP downstream of the activation of a GPCR, and reinforcing the notion that restricted cAMP microdomains may regulate independent cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Inda
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Bonfiglio
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paula A Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Senin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia G Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve head (ONH), leading to visual impairment. Despite its high prevalence, the biological basis of glaucoma pathogenesis still is not yet fully understood, and the factors contributing to its progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor, and reduction of IOP is the standard treatment for glaucoma. However, lowering IOP itself is not always effective for preserving visual function in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The second messenger cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous biological processes in the central nervous system including the retina and the optic nerve. Although recent studies revealed that cAMP generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) is important in regulating aqueous humor dynamics in ocular tissues, such as the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, as well as cell death and growth in the retina and optic nerve, the functional role and significance of cAMP in glaucoma remain to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the functional role of cAMP in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP regulation, and review the current medications, which are related to the cAMP signaling pathway, for glaucoma treatment. Also, we will further focus on cAMP signaling in RGC growth and regeneration by soluble AC as well as ONH astrocytes by transmembrane ACs to understand its potential role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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47
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Pavlos NJ, Friedman PA. GPCR Signaling and Trafficking: The Long and Short of It. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:213-226. [PMID: 27889227 PMCID: PMC5326587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging findings disclose unexpected components of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and cell biology. Select GPCRs exhibit classical signaling, that is restricted to cell membranes, as well as newly described persistent signaling that depends on internalization of the GPCR bound to β-arrestins. Termination of non-canonical endosomal signaling requires intraluminal acidification and sophisticated protein trafficking machineries. Recent studies reveal the structural determinants of the trafficking chaperones. This review summarizes advances in GPCR signaling and trafficking with a focus on the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) as a prototype, and on the actin-sorting nexin 27 (SNX27)-retromer tubule (ASRT) complex, an endosomal sorting hub responsible for recycling and preservation of cell surface receptors. The findings are integrated into a model of PTHR trafficking with implications for signal transduction, bone growth, and mineral ion metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Pavlos
- Cellular Orthopaedic Laboratory, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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48
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Roa JN, Tresguerres M. Bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase is present in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus of multiple shark tissues. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/2/e13090. [PMID: 28108644 PMCID: PMC5269408 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate (HCO3−) to produce the signaling molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Because sAC and sAC‐related enzymes are found throughout phyla from cyanobacteria to mammals and they regulate cell physiology in response to internal and external changes in pH, CO2, and HCO3−, sAC is deemed an evolutionarily conserved acid‐base sensor. Previously, sAC has been reported in dogfish shark and round ray gill cells, where they sense and counteract blood alkalosis by regulating the activity of V‐type H+‐ ATPase. Here, we report the presence of sAC protein in gill, rectal gland, cornea, intestine, white muscle, and heart of leopard shark Triakis semifasciata. Co‐expression of sAC with transmembrane adenylyl cyclases supports the presence of cAMP signaling microdomains. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry on tissue sections, and western blots and cAMP‐activity assays on nucleus‐enriched fractions demonstrate the presence of sAC protein in and around nuclei. These results suggest that sAC modulates multiple physiological processes in shark cells, including nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinae N Roa
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R. Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, ‡Biophysics Program, §Department of Molecular
and Cellular
Physiology, and ∥Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - A. J. Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, ‡Biophysics Program, §Department of Molecular
and Cellular
Physiology, and ∥Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ron O. Dror
- Department of Computer Science, ‡Biophysics Program, §Department of Molecular
and Cellular
Physiology, and ∥Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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50
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Caldieri G, Sigismund S. Spatial resolution of cAMP signaling by soluble adenylyl cyclase. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:125-7. [PMID: 27402955 PMCID: PMC4949454 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor signaling starts at the plasma membrane and continues at endosomal stations. In this issue, Inda et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol.http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201512075) show that different forms of adenylyl cyclase are activated at the plasma membrane versus endosomes, providing a rationale for the spatial encoding of cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Caldieri
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
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