1
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Martin CG, Bent JS, Hill T, Topalidou I, Singhvi A. Epithelial UNC-23 limits mechanical stress to maintain glia-neuron architecture in C. elegans. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00230-2. [PMID: 38670103 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
For an organ to maintain correct architecture and function, its diverse cellular components must coordinate their size and shape. Although cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving homotypic cell-cell coordination are known, it is unclear how cell shape is regulated across heterotypic cells. We find that epithelial cells maintain the shape of neighboring sense-organ glia-neuron units in adult Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Hsp co-chaperone UNC-23/BAG2 prevents epithelial cell shape from deforming, and its loss causes head epithelia to stretch aberrantly during animal movement. In the sense-organ glia, amphid sheath (AMsh), this causes progressive fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-dependent disruption of the glial apical cytoskeleton. Resultant glial cell shape alteration causes concomitant shape change in glia-associated neuron endings. Epithelial UNC-23 maintenance of glia-neuron shape is specific both spatially, within a defined anatomical zone, and temporally, in a developmentally critical period. As all molecular components uncovered are broadly conserved across central and peripheral nervous systems, we posit that epithelia may similarly regulate glia-neuron architecture cross-species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia G Martin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James S Bent
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tyler Hill
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aakanksha Singhvi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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2
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Tran NV, Montanari MP, Lubenets D, Fischbach LL, Antson H, Okada Y, Ishimoto Y, Tõnissoo T, Shimmi O. α-Spectrin regulates cell shape changes during disassembly of microtubule-driven protrusions in Drosophila wings. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001169. [PMID: 38690064 PMCID: PMC11058509 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of microtubule-mediated protrusions, termed Interplanar Amida Network (IPAN) in Drosophila pupal wing, involve cell shape changes. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are yet to be fully understood. This study delineates the stages of cell shape alterations during the disassembly of microtubule protrusions and underscores the pivotal role of α-Spectrin in driving these changes by regulating both the microtubule and actomyosin networks. Our findings also demonstrate that α-Spectrin is required for the apical relaxation of wing epithelia during protrusion disassembly, indicating its substantial contribution to the robustness of 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Vi Tran
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti P. Montanari
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Dmitri Lubenets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Hanna Antson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yasushi Okada
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Tambet Tõnissoo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Osamu Shimmi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
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3
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Gazsó-Gerhát G, Gombos R, Tóth K, Kaltenecker P, Szikora S, Bíró J, Csapó E, Asztalos Z, Mihály J. FRL and DAAM are required for lateral adhesion of interommatidial cells and patterning of the retinal floor. Development 2023; 150:dev201713. [PMID: 37997920 PMCID: PMC10690107 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical insulation of the unit eyes (ommatidia) is an important prerequisite of precise sight with compound eyes. Separation of the ommatidia is ensured by pigment cells that organize into a hexagonal lattice in the Drosophila eye, forming thin walls between the facets. Cell adhesion, mediated by apically and latero-basally located junctional complexes, is crucial for stable attachment of these cells to each other and the basal lamina. Whereas former studies have focused on the formation and remodelling of the cellular connections at the apical region, here, we report a specific alteration of the lateral adhesion of the lattice cells, leaving the apical junctions largely unaffected. We found that DAAM and FRL, two formin-type cytoskeleton regulatory proteins, play redundant roles in lateral adhesion of the interommatidial cells and patterning of the retinal floor. We show that formin-dependent cortical actin assembly is crucial for latero-basal sealing of the ommatidial lattice. We expect that the investigation of these previously unreported eye phenotypes will pave the way toward a better understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of compound eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazsó-Gerhát
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Rita Gombos
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Kaltenecker
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Enikő Csapó
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Asztalos
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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4
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Su D, Li Y, Zhang W, Gao H, Cheng Y, Hou Y, Li J, Ye Y, Lai Z, Li Z, Huang H, Li J, Li J, Cheng M, Nian C, Wu N, Zhou Z, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Tang J, Chen Q, Hong L, Li W, Peng Z, Zhao B, Johnson RL, Liu P, Hong W, Chen L, Zhou D. SPTAN1/NUMB axis senses cell density to restrain cell growth and oncogenesis through Hippo signaling. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168888. [PMID: 37843276 PMCID: PMC10575737 DOI: 10.1172/jci168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of contact inhibition is a key step during carcinogenesis. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein (Hippo/YAP) pathway is an important regulator of cell growth in a cell density-dependent manner. However, how Hippo signaling senses cell density in this context remains elusive. Here, we report that high cell density induced the phosphorylation of spectrin α chain, nonerythrocytic 1 (SPTAN1), a plasma membrane-stabilizing protein, to recruit NUMB endocytic adaptor protein isoforms 1 and 2 (NUMB1/2), which further sequestered microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs) in the plasma membrane and rendered them inaccessible for phosphorylation and inhibition of the Hippo kinases sterile 20-like kinases MST1 and MST2 (MST1/2). WW45 interaction with MST1/2 was thereby enhanced, resulting in the activation of Hippo signaling to block YAP activity for cell contact inhibition. Importantly, low cell density led to SPTAN1 dephosphorylation and NUMB cytoplasmic location, along with MST1/2 inhibition and, consequently, YAP activation. Moreover, double KO of NUMB and WW45 in the liver led to appreciable organ enlargement and rapid tumorigenesis. Interestingly, NUMB isoforms 3 and 4, which have a truncated phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and are thus unable to interact with phosphorylated SPTAN1 and activate MST1/2, were selectively upregulated in liver cancer, which correlated with YAP activation. We have thus revealed a SPTAN1/NUMB1/2 axis that acts as a cell density sensor to restrain cell growth and oncogenesis by coupling external cell-cell contact signals to intracellular Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yuxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Weiji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Huan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhangjian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Haitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jinhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Mengyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Cheng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhien Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yunzhi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jiayu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Qinghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Lixin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lanfen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
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5
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Ibar C, Chinthalapudi K, Heissler SM, Irvine KD. Competition between myosin II and β H-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension. eLife 2023; 12:RP84918. [PMID: 37367948 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are membrane cytoskeletal proteins generally thought to function as heterotetramers comprising two α-spectrins and two β-spectrins. They influence cell shape and Hippo signaling, but the mechanism by which they influence Hippo signaling has remained unclear. We have investigated the role and regulation of the Drosophila β-heavy spectrin (βH-spectrin, encoded by the karst gene) in wing imaginal discs. Our results establish that βH-spectrin regulates Hippo signaling through the Jub biomechanical pathway due to its influence on cytoskeletal tension. While we find that α-spectrin also regulates Hippo signaling through Jub, unexpectedly, we find that βH-spectrin localizes and functions independently of α-spectrin. Instead, βH-spectrin co-localizes with and reciprocally regulates and is regulated by myosin. In vivo and in vitro experiments support a model in which βH-spectrin and myosin directly compete for binding to apical F-actin. This competition can explain the influence of βH-spectrin on cytoskeletal tension and myosin accumulation. It also provides new insight into how βH-spectrin participates in ratcheting mechanisms associated with cell shape change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ibar
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, United States
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, United States
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6
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Bonello TT, Cai D, Fletcher GC, Wiengartner K, Pengilly V, Lange KS, Liu Z, Lippincott‐Schwartz J, Kavran JM, Thompson BJ. Phase separation of Hippo signalling complexes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112863. [PMID: 36807601 PMCID: PMC10015380 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was originally discovered to control tissue growth in Drosophila and includes the Hippo kinase (Hpo; MST1/2 in mammals), scaffold protein Salvador (Sav; SAV1 in mammals) and the Warts kinase (Wts; LATS1/2 in mammals). The Hpo kinase is activated by binding to Crumbs-Expanded (Crb-Ex) and/or Merlin-Kibra (Mer-Kib) proteins at the apical domain of epithelial cells. Here we show that activation of Hpo also involves the formation of supramolecular complexes with properties of a biomolecular condensate, including concentration dependence and sensitivity to starvation, macromolecular crowding, or 1,6-hexanediol treatment. Overexpressing Ex or Kib induces formation of micron-scale Hpo condensates in the cytoplasm, rather than at the apical membrane. Several Hippo pathway components contain unstructured low-complexity domains and purified Hpo-Sav complexes undergo phase separation in vitro. Formation of Hpo condensates is conserved in human cells. We propose that apical Hpo kinase activation occurs in phase separated "signalosomes" induced by clustering of upstream pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Bonello
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Danfeng Cai
- HHMI Janelia Research CampusAshburnVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Kyler Wiengartner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Victoria Pengilly
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Kimberly S Lange
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Zhe Liu
- HHMI Janelia Research CampusAshburnVAUSA
| | | | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, and Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
- Epithelial Biology LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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7
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Zhao H, Moberg KH, Veraksa A. Hippo pathway and Bonus control developmental cell fate decisions in the Drosophila eye. Dev Cell 2023; 58:416-434.e12. [PMID: 36868234 PMCID: PMC10023510 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The canonical function of the Hippo signaling pathway is the regulation of organ growth. How this pathway controls cell-fate determination is less well understood. Here, we identify a function of the Hippo pathway in cell-fate decisions in the developing Drosophila eye, exerted through the interaction of Yorkie (Yki) with the transcriptional regulator Bonus (Bon), an ortholog of mammalian transcriptional intermediary factor 1/tripartite motif (TIF1/TRIM) family proteins. Instead of controlling tissue growth, Yki and Bon promote epidermal and antennal fates at the expense of the eye fate. Proteomic, transcriptomic, and genetic analyses reveal that Yki and Bon control these cell-fate decisions by recruiting transcriptional and post-transcriptional co-regulators and by repressing Notch target genes and activating epidermal differentiation genes. Our work expands the range of functions and regulatory mechanisms under Hippo pathway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heya Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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8
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Chen Y, Wang L, Huang ZS, Feng JX, Li SX, Du ZJ, Zhang ZB, Liu J, Yang J, Hu ZM, Wang ZL, Chen J. Cytoskeletal protein SPTA1 mediating the decrease in erectile function induced by high-fat diet via Hippo signaling pathway. Andrology 2023; 11:591-610. [PMID: 36374586 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced decrease in erectile function has not been elucidated, and in previous studies, spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1 (SPTA1) is a cytoskeletal protein that regulates cellular function, which belongs to a family of proteins that can affect cell and tissue growth and development by regulating YAP, an effector on the Hippo signaling pathway, but its particular role has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of SPTA1 in the abnormality of erectile function induced by HFD. METHODS We analyzed the penile tissues of mice on normal diet and HFD by transcriptomics and screened for differentially expressed genes, further identified closely related target genes in rat penile tissues, and verified target gene expression in in vitro construction of high-glucose (HG)-treated corpus cavernosum endothelial cells (CCECs) and corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) models. The distribution of target genes in various cell populations in penile tissues was retrieved by single-cell sequencing Male Health Atlas database. Moreover, interfering with target genes was further applied to explore the mechanisms involved in erectile function decline. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis screened out down-regulated differential gene SPTA1; Western blot and immunohistochemistry results showed that SPTA1 expression significantly decreased in the penile tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in the HFD group. Immunofluorescence staining showed a positive expression of CD31 and VWF in CCECs and a positive expression of α-SMA in CCSMCs. The expression level of SPTA1 protein significantly decreased in the HG group of CCECs and CCSMCs. The expression of SPTA1 mRNA significantly decreased in CCSMCs while significantly increased in CCECs. SPTA1 may have various expression patterns and biological functions in different cell populations. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the siSPTA1 transfected in CCSMCs had a significant interference effect compared with the control siNC. Transfection of siSPTA1 into CCSMCs resulted in the significant down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of eNOS, and significant up-regulation of YAP, Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N IL-18, and IL-1β protein expression levels. The expression level of CCSMCs contractile-type protein α-SMA was significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of SPTA1 in SD rats fed with HFD may induce cell pyroptosis and lead to the decrease of erectile function by activating the Hippo pathway; these findings may provide new therapeutic targets for improving erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Sen Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Feng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Xiong Li
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jun Du
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ze-Bo Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu han, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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McCourt JL, Stearns-Reider KM, Mamsa H, Kannan P, Afsharinia MH, Shu C, Gibbs EM, Shin KM, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Schmitt LR, Hansen KC, Crosbie RH. Multi-omics analysis of sarcospan overexpression in mdx skeletal muscle reveals compensatory remodeling of cytoskeleton-matrix interactions that promote mechanotransduction pathways. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36609344 PMCID: PMC9817407 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a critical adhesion complex of the muscle cell membrane, providing a mechanical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cortical cytoskeleton that stabilizes the sarcolemma during repeated muscle contractions. One integral component of the DGC is the transmembrane protein, sarcospan (SSPN). Overexpression of SSPN in the skeletal muscle of mdx mice (murine model of DMD) restores muscle fiber attachment to the ECM in part through an associated increase in utrophin and integrin adhesion complexes at the cell membrane, protecting the muscle from contraction-induced injury. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and ECM protein-optimized proteomics data sets from wild-type, mdx, and mdx transgenic (mdxTG) skeletal muscle tissues to identify pathways and proteins driving the compensatory action of SSPN overexpression. METHODS The tibialis anterior and quadriceps muscles were isolated from wild-type, mdx, and mdxTG mice and subjected to bulk RNA-Seq and global proteomics analysis using methods to enhance capture of ECM proteins. Data sets were further analyzed through the ingenuity pathway analysis (QIAGEN) and integrative gene set enrichment to identify candidate networks, signaling pathways, and upstream regulators. RESULTS Through our multi-omics approach, we identified 3 classes of differentially expressed genes and proteins in mdxTG muscle, including those that were (1) unrestored (significantly different from wild type, but not from mdx), (2) restored (significantly different from mdx, but not from wild type), and (3) compensatory (significantly different from both wild type and mdx). We identified signaling pathways that may contribute to the rescue phenotype, most notably cytoskeleton and ECM organization pathways. ECM-optimized proteomics revealed an increased abundance of collagens II, V, and XI, along with β-spectrin in mdxTG samples. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, we identified upstream regulators that are computationally predicted to drive compensatory changes, revealing a possible mechanism of SSPN rescue through a rewiring of cell-ECM bidirectional communication. We found that SSPN overexpression results in upregulation of key signaling molecules associated with regulation of cytoskeleton organization and mechanotransduction, including Yap1, Sox9, Rho, RAC, and Wnt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SSPN overexpression rescues dystrophin deficiency partially through mechanotransduction signaling cascades mediated through components of the ECM and the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L. McCourt
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristen M. Stearns-Reider
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Hafsa Mamsa
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Afsharinia
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Cynthia Shu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Gibbs
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kara M. Shin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yerbol Z. Kurmangaliyev
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lauren R. Schmitt
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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Ghisleni A, Bonilla-Quintana M, Crestani M, Fukuzawa A, Rangamani P, Gauthier N. Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.02.522381. [PMID: 36712133 PMCID: PMC9881866 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.522381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell cortex is a dynamic assembly that ensures cell integrity during passive deformation or active response by adapting cytoskeleton topologies with poorly understood mechanisms. The spectrin meshwork ensures such adaptation in erythrocytes and neurons. Erythrocytes rely on triangular-like lattices of spectrin tetramers, which in neurons are organized in periodic arrays. We exploited Expansion Microscopy to discover that these two distinct topologies can co-exist in other mammalian cells such as fibroblasts. We show through biophysical measurements and computational modeling that spectrin provides coverage of the cortex and, with the intervention of actomyosin, erythroid-like lattices can dynamically transition into condensates resembling neuron-like periodic arrays fenced by actin stress fibers. Spectrin condensates experience lower mechanical stress and turnover despite displaying an extension close to the contour length of the tetramer. Our study sheds light on the adaptive properties of spectrin, which ensures protection of the cortex by undergoing mechanically induced topological transitions.
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11
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Hu L, Brichalli W, Li N, Chen S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Xiong Y, Yu J. Myotubularin functions through actomyosin to interact with the Hippo pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55851. [PMID: 36285521 PMCID: PMC9724681 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved developmental pathway that controls organ size by integrating diverse regulatory inputs, including actomyosin-mediated cytoskeletal tension. Despite established connections between the actomyosin cytoskeleton and the Hippo pathway, the upstream regulation of actomyosin in the Hippo pathway is less defined. Here, we identify the phosphoinositide-3-phosphatase Myotubularin (Mtm) as a novel upstream regulator of actomyosin that functions synergistically with the Hippo pathway during growth control. Mechanistically, Mtm regulates membrane phospholipid PI(3)P dynamics, which, in turn, modulates actomyosin activity through Rab11-mediated vesicular trafficking. We reveal PI(3)P dynamics as a novel mode of upstream regulation of actomyosin and establish Rab11-mediated vesicular trafficking as a functional link between membrane lipid dynamics and actomyosin activation in the context of growth control. Our study also shows that MTMR2, the human counterpart of Drosophila Mtm, has conserved functions in regulating actomyosin activity and tissue growth, providing new insights into the molecular basis of MTMR2-related peripheral nerve myelination and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Wyatt Brichalli
- Department of Anatomy & PhysiologyKansas State University College of Veterinary MedicineManhattanKSUSA
| | - Naren Li
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Shifan Chen
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Yaqing Cheng
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Yulan Xiong
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
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12
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Külshammer E, Kilinc M, Csordás G, Bresser T, Nolte H, Uhlirova M. The mechanosensor Filamin A/Cheerio promotes tumourigenesis via specific interactions with components of the cell cortex. FEBS J 2022; 289:4497-4517. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Külshammer
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Merve Kilinc
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Gábor Csordás
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Tina Bresser
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
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13
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Kong D, Zhao S, Xu W, Dong J, Ma X. Fat body-derived Spz5 remotely facilitates tumor-suppressive cell competition through Toll-6-α-Spectrin axis-mediated Hippo activation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110980. [PMID: 35732124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-suppressive cell competition is an evolutionarily conserved process that selectively removes precancerous cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Using the polarity-deficiency-induced cell competition model in Drosophila, we identify Toll-6, a Toll-like receptor family member, as a driver of tension-mediated cell competition through α-Spectrin (α-Spec)-Yorkie (Yki) cascade. Toll-6 aggregates along the boundary between wild-type and polarity-deficient clones, where Toll-6 physically interacts with the cytoskeleton network protein α-Spec to increase mechanical tension, resulting in actomyosin-dependent Hippo pathway activation and the elimination of scrib mutant cells. Furthermore, we show that Spz5 secreted from fat body, the key innate organ in fly, facilitates the elimination of scrib clones by binding to Toll-6. These findings uncover mechanisms by which fat bodies remotely regulate tumor-suppressive cell competition of polarity-deficient tumors through inter-organ crosstalk and identified the Toll-6-α-Spec axis as an essential guardian that prevents tumorigenesis via tension-mediated cell elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Kong
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jinxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xianjue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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14
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Phillips JE, Santos M, Konchwala M, Xing C, Pan D. Genome editing in the unicellular holozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki suggests a premetazoan role for the Hippo pathway in multicellular morphogenesis. eLife 2022; 11:e77598. [PMID: 35659869 PMCID: PMC9170242 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal development is mediated by a surprisingly small set of canonical signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-beta, Notch, and Hippo pathways. Although once thought to be present only in animals, recent genome sequencing has revealed components of these pathways in the closest unicellular relatives of animals. These findings raise questions about the ancestral functions of these developmental pathways and their potential role in the emergence of animal multicellularity. Here, we provide the first functional characterization of any of these developmental pathways in unicellular organisms by developing techniques for genetic manipulation in Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close unicellular relative of animals that displays aggregative multicellularity. We then use these tools to characterize the Capsaspora ortholog of the Hippo signaling nuclear effector YAP/TAZ/Yorkie (coYki), a key regulator of tissue size in animals. In contrast to what might be expected based on studies in animals, we show that coYki is dispensable for cell proliferation but regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and the three-dimensional (3D) shape of multicellular structures. We further demonstrate that the cytoskeletal abnormalities of individual coYki mutant cells underlie the abnormal 3D shape of coYki mutant aggregates. Taken together, these findings implicate an ancestral role for the Hippo pathway in cytoskeletal dynamics and multicellular morphogenesis predating the origin of animal multicellularity, which was co-opted during evolution to regulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Phillips
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Maribel Santos
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Mohammed Konchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, Departments of Bioinformatics and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, Departments of Bioinformatics and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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15
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Johnson RI. Hexagonal patterning of the Drosophila eye. Dev Biol 2021; 478:173-182. [PMID: 34245727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A complex network of transcription factor interactions propagates across the larval eye disc to establish columns of evenly-spaced R8 precursor cells, the founding cells of Drosophila ommatidia. After the recruitment of additional photoreceptors to each ommatidium, the surrounding cells are organized into their stereotypical pattern during pupal development. These support cells - comprised of pigment and cone cells - are patterned to encapsulate the photoreceptors and separate ommatidia with an hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Since the proteins and processes essential for correct eye patterning are conserved, elucidating how these function and change during Drosophila eye patterning can substantially advance our understanding of transcription factor and signaling networks, cytoskeletal structures, adhesion complexes, and the biophysical properties of complex tissues during their morphogenesis. Our understanding of many of these aspects of Drosophila eye patterning is largely descriptive. Many important questions, especially relating to the regulation and integration of cellular events, remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I Johnson
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA.
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16
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Pojer JM, Saiful Hilmi AJ, Kondo S, Harvey KF. Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton regulate R8 cell fate in the Drosophila eye. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009146. [PMID: 34097697 PMCID: PMC8211197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fate. In the R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, the Hippo pathway controls the fate choice between one of two subtypes that express either the blue light-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Hippo inactive R8 subtype) or the green light-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Hippo active R8 subtype). The degree to which the mechanism of Hippo signal transduction and the proteins that mediate it are conserved in organ growth and R8 cell fate choice is currently unclear. Here, we identify Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton as regulators of R8 cell fate. By contrast, other proteins that influence Hippo-dependent organ growth, such as the basolateral spectrin cytoskeleton and Ajuba, are dispensable for the R8 cell fate choice. Surprisingly, Crumbs promotes the Rhodopsin 5 cell fate, which is driven by Yorkie, rather than the Rhodopsin 6 cell fate, which is driven by Warts and the Hippo pathway, which contrasts with its impact on Hippo activity in organ growth. Furthermore, neither the apical spectrin cytoskeleton nor Crumbs appear to regulate the Hippo pathway through mechanisms that have been observed in growing organs. Together, these results show that only a subset of Hippo pathway proteins regulate the R8 binary cell fate decision and that aspects of Hippo signalling differ between growing organs and post-mitotic R8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pojer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar Saiful Hilmi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kieran F. Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Cai X, Wang KC, Meng Z. Mechanoregulation of YAP and TAZ in Cellular Homeostasis and Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673599. [PMID: 34109179 PMCID: PMC8182050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues, such as mechanical properties, play a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis. During organ development and tissue injury repair, compressive and tensional forces generated by cell-extracellular matrix or cell-cell interaction are key factors for cell fate determination. In the vascular system, hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and cyclic stretch modulate vascular cell phenotypes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Despite that emerging efforts have been made to investigate how mechanotransduction is involved in tuning cell and tissue functions in various contexts, the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One of the challenges is to understand the signaling cascades that transmit mechanical cues from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and then to the nuclei to generate mechanoresponsive transcriptomes. YAP and its homolog TAZ, the Hippo pathway effectors, have been identified as key mechanotransducers that sense mechanical stimuli and relay the signals to control transcriptional programs for cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. However, the upstream mechanosensors for YAP/TAZ signaling and downstream transcriptome responses following YAP/TAZ activation or repression have not been well characterized. Moreover, the mechanoregulation of YAP/TAZ in literature is highly context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the biomechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment and provide an update on the roles of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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18
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Miazek A, Zalas M, Skrzymowska J, Bogin BA, Grzymajło K, Goszczynski TM, Levine ZA, Morrow JS, Stankewich MC. Age-dependent ataxia and neurodegeneration caused by an αII spectrin mutation with impaired regulation of its calpain sensitivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7312. [PMID: 33790315 PMCID: PMC8012654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal membrane-associated periodic spectrin skeleton (MPS) contributes to neuronal development, remodeling, and organization. Post-translational modifications impinge on spectrin, the major component of the MPS, but their role remains poorly understood. One modification targeting spectrin is cleavage by calpains, a family of calcium-activated proteases. Spectrin cleavage is regulated by activated calpain, but also by the calcium-dependent binding of calmodulin (CaM) to spectrin. The physiologic significance of this balance between calpain activation and substrate-level regulation of spectrin cleavage is unknown. We report a strain of C57BL/6J mice harboring a single αII spectrin point mutation (Sptan1 c.3293G > A:p.R1098Q) with reduced CaM affinity and intrinsically enhanced sensitivity to calpain proteolysis. Homozygotes are embryonic lethal. Newborn heterozygotes of either gender appear normal, but soon develop a progressive ataxia characterized biochemically by accelerated calpain-mediated spectrin cleavage and morphologically by disruption of axonal and dendritic integrity and global neurodegeneration. Molecular modeling predicts unconstrained exposure of the mutant spectrin's calpain-cleavage site. These results reveal the critical importance of substrate-level regulation of spectrin cleavage for the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Given that excessive activation of calpain proteases is a common feature of neurodegenerative disease and traumatic encephalopathy, we propose that damage to the spectrin MPS may contribute to the neuropathology of many disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Miazek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Zalas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Skrzymowska
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bryan A Bogin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krzysztof Grzymajło
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczynski
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zachary A Levine
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH108, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jon S Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH108, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michael C Stankewich
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH108, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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19
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Martin E, Girardello R, Dittmar G, Ludwig A. New insights into the organization and regulation of the apical polarity network in mammalian epithelial cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:7073-7095. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Martin
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Rossana Girardello
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology (NISB) Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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20
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Morrow JS, Stankewich MC. The Spread of Spectrin in Ataxia and Neurodegenerative Disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 2:131-139. [PMID: 34528024 PMCID: PMC8439443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and hereditary defects in the ubiquitous scaffolding proteins of the spectrin gene family cause an array of neuropathologies. Most recognized are ataxias caused by missense, deletions, or truncations in the SPTBN2 gene that encodes beta III spectrin. Such mutations disrupt the organization of post-synaptic receptors, their active transport through the secretory pathway, and the organization and dynamics of the actin-based neuronal skeleton. Similar mutations in SPTAN1 that encodes alpha II spectrin cause severe and usually lethal neurodevelopmental defects including one form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 5 (West syndrome). Defects in these and other spectrins are implicated in degenerative and psychiatric conditions. In recent published work, we describe in mice a novel variant of alpha II spectrin that results in a progressive ataxia with widespread neurodegenerative change. The action of this variant is distinct, in that rather than disrupting a constitutive ligand-binding function of spectrin, the mutation alters its response to calcium and calmodulin-regulated signaling pathways including its response to calpain activation. As such, it represents a novel spectrinopathy that targets a key regulatory pathway where calcium and tyrosine kinase signals converge. Here we briefly discuss the various roles of spectrin in neuronal processes and calcium activated regulatory inputs that control its participation in neuronal growth, organization, and remodeling. We hypothesize that damage to the neuronal spectrin scaffold may be a common final pathway in many neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting the pathways that regulate spectrin function may thus offer novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S. Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Molecular & Cellular Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Jon S. Morrow; , Michael Stankewich;
| | - Michael C. Stankewich
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Jon S. Morrow; , Michael Stankewich;
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21
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Abstract
Fodrin and its erythroid cell-specific isoform spectrin are actin-associated fibrous proteins that play crucial roles in the maintenance of structural integrity in mammalian cells, which is necessary for proper cell function. Normal cell morphology is altered in diseases such as various cancers and certain neuronal disorders. Fodrin and spectrin are two-chain (αβ) molecules that are encoded by paralogous genes and share many features but also demonstrate certain differences. Fodrin (in humans, typically a heterodimer of the products of the SPTAN1 and SPTBN1 genes) is expressed in nearly all cell types and is especially abundant in neuronal tissues, whereas spectrin (in humans, a heterodimer of the products of the SPTA1 and SPTB1 genes) is expressed almost exclusively in erythrocytes. To fulfill a role in such a variety of different cell types, it was anticipated that fodrin would need to be a more versatile scaffold than spectrin. Indeed, as summarized here, domains unique to fodrin and its regulation by Ca2+, calmodulin, and a variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) endow fodrin with additional specific functions. However, how fodrin structural variations and misregulated PTMs may contribute to the etiology of various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases needs to be further investigated.
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