1
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Nitta Y, Osaka J, Maki R, Hakeda-Suzuki S, Suzuki E, Ueki S, Suzuki T, Sugie A. Drosophila model to clarify the pathological significance of OPA1 in autosomal dominant optic atrophy. eLife 2024; 12:RP87880. [PMID: 39177028 PMCID: PMC11343565 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is a progressive form of blindness caused by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, mainly caused by mutations in the OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase (OPA1) gene. OPA1 encodes a dynamin-like GTPase present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. When associated with OPA1 mutations, DOA can present not only ocular symptoms but also multi-organ symptoms (DOA plus). DOA plus often results from point mutations in the GTPase domain, which are assumed to have dominant-negative effects. However, the presence of mutations in the GTPase domain does not always result in DOA plus. Therefore, an experimental system to distinguish between DOA and DOA plus is needed. In this study, we found that loss-of-function mutations of the dOPA1 gene in Drosophila can imitate the pathology of optic nerve degeneration observed in DOA. We successfully rescued this degeneration by expressing the human OPA1 (hOPA1) gene, indicating that hOPA1 is functionally interchangeable with dOPA1 in the fly system. However, mutations previously identified did not ameliorate the dOPA1 deficiency phenotype. By expressing both WT and DOA plus mutant hOPA1 forms in the optic nerve of dOPA1 mutants, we observed that DOA plus mutations suppressed the rescue, facilitating the distinction between loss-of-function and dominant-negative mutations in hOPA1. This fly model aids in distinguishing DOA from DOA plus and guides initial hOPA1 mutation treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nitta
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Jiro Osaka
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryuto Maki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Satoko Hakeda-Suzuki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
- Research Initiatives and Promotion Organization, Yokohama National UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Emiko Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachiojiJapan
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Satoshi Ueki
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Atsushi Sugie
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
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2
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Ackerman WE, Rigo MM, DaSilva-Arnold SC, Do C, Tariq M, Salas M, Castano A, Zamudio S, Tycko B, Illsley NP. Epigenetic changes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human trophoblast differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601748. [PMID: 39005325 PMCID: PMC11244995 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The phenotype of human placental extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the end of pregnancy reflects both first trimester differentiation from villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) and later gestational changes, including loss of proliferative and invasive capacity. Invasion abnormalities are central to two major placental pathologies, preeclampsia and placenta accreta spectrum, so characterization of the corresponding normal processes is crucial. In this report, our gene expression analysis, using purified human CTB and EVT cells, highlights an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism underlying CTB-EVT differentiation and provides a trophoblast-specific EMT signature. In parallel, DNA methylation profiling shows that CTB cells, already hypomethylated relative to non-trophoblast cell lineages, show further genome-wide hypomethylation in the transition to EVT. However, a small subgroup of genes undergoes gains of methylation (GOM) in their regulatory regions or gene bodies, associated with differential mRNA expression (DE). Prominent in this GOM-DE group are genes involved in the EMT, including multiple canonical EMT markers and the EMT-linked transcription factor RUNX1, for which we demonstrate a functional role in modulating the migratory and invasive capacities of JEG3 trophoblast cells. This analysis of DE associated with locus-specific GOM, together with functional studies of an important GOM-DE gene, highlights epigenetically regulated genes and pathways acting in human EVT differentiation and invasion, with implications for obstetric disorders in which these processes are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and AI.Health4All Center for Health Equity Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Mauricio M. Rigo
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Sonia C. DaSilva-Arnold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack NJ
| | - Catherine Do
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Mariam Tariq
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Martha Salas
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Angelica Castano
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack NJ
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ
| | - Nicholas P. Illsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack NJ
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3
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Murari A, Rhooms SK, Vimal D, Hossain KFB, Saini S, Villanueva M, Schlame M, Owusu-Ansah E. Phospholipids can regulate complex I assembly independent of their role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112846. [PMID: 37516961 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several phospholipid (PL) molecules are intertwined with some mitochondrial complex I (CI) subunits in the membrane domain of CI, but their function is unclear. We report that when the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of the intramitochondrial PL transporter, STARD7, is severely disrupted, assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is impaired, and the biogenesis of several CI subcomplexes is hampered. However, intriguingly, a restrained knockdown of STARD7 impairs the incorporation of NDUFS5 and NDUFA1 into the proximal part of the CI membrane domain without directly affecting the incorporation of subunits in the distal part of the membrane domain, OXPHOS complexes already assembled, or mitochondrial cristae integrity. Importantly, the restrained knockdown of STARD7 appears to induce a modest amount of cardiolipin remodeling, indicating that there could be some alteration in the composition of the mitochondrial phospholipidome. We conclude that PLs can regulate CI biogenesis independent of their role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Murari
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shauna-Kay Rhooms
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Divya Vimal
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maximino Villanueva
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Neiswender H, Baker FC, Veeranan-Karmegam R, Allen P, Gonsalvez GB. dTtc1, a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat protein, is required for maturation of Drosophila egg chambers via its role in stabilizing electron transport chain components. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1148773. [PMID: 37333987 PMCID: PMC10272552 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1148773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the Drosophila ortholog of TTC1 (dTtc1) as an interacting partner of Egalitarian, an RNA adaptor of the Dynein motor. In order to better understand the function of this relatively uncharacterized protein, we depleted dTtc1 in the Drosophila female germline. Depletion of dTtc1 resulted in defective oogenesis and no mature eggs were produced. A closer examination revealed that mRNA cargoes normally transported by Dynein were relatively unaffected. However, mitochondria in dTtc1 depleted egg chambers displayed an extremely swollen phenotype. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a lack of cristae. These phenotypes were not observed upon disruption of Dynein. Thus, this function of dTtc1 is likely to be Dynein independent. Consistent with a role for dTtc1 in mitochondrial biology, a published proteomics screen revealed that dTtc1 interacts with numerous components of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. Our results indicate that the expression level of several of these ETC components was significantly reduced upon depletion of dTtc1. Importantly, this phenotype was completely rescued upon expression of wild-type GFP-dTtc1 in the depleted background. Lastly, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial phenotype caused by a lack of dTtc1 is not restricted to the germline but is also observed in somatic tissues. Our model suggests that dTtc1, likely in combination with cytoplasmic chaperones, is required for stabilizing ETC components.
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5
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Rimal S, Tantray I, Li Y, Pal Khaket T, Li Y, Bhurtel S, Li W, Zeng C, Lu B. Reverse electron transfer is activated during aging and contributes to aging and age-related disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55548. [PMID: 36794623 PMCID: PMC10074108 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the depletion of NAD+ and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging and age-related disorders remain poorly defined. We show that reverse electron transfer (RET) at mitochondrial complex I, which causes increased ROS production and NAD+ to NADH conversion and thus lowered NAD+ /NADH ratio, is active during aging. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RET decreases ROS production and increases NAD+ /NADH ratio, extending the lifespan of normal flies. The lifespan-extending effect of RET inhibition is dependent on NAD+ -dependent Sirtuin, highlighting the importance of NAD+ /NADH rebalance, and on longevity-associated Foxo and autophagy pathways. RET and RET-induced ROS and NAD+ /NADH ratio changes are prominent in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model and fly models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RET prevents the accumulation of faulty translation products resulting from inadequate ribosome-mediated quality control, rescues relevant disease phenotypes, and extends the lifespan of Drosophila and mouse AD models. Deregulated RET is therefore a conserved feature of aging, and inhibition of RET may open new therapeutic opportunities in the context of aging and age-related diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rimal
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ishaq Tantray
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Yanping Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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6
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Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020378. [PMID: 36830747 PMCID: PMC9953451 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly-i.e., Drosophila melanogaster-has proven to be a very useful model for the understanding of basic physiological processes, such as development or ageing. The availability of straightforward genetic tools that can be used to produce engineered individuals makes this model extremely interesting for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases in physiological models. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of yet-incurable genetic disorders characterized by the malfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which is the highly conserved energy transformation system present in mitochondria. The generation of D. melanogaster models of mitochondrial disease started relatively recently but has already provided relevant information about the molecular mechanisms and pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of such models and highlight the relevance of D. melanogaster as a model to study mitochondrial disorders.
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7
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Agip ANA, Chung I, Sanchez-Martinez A, Whitworth AJ, Hirst J. Cryo-EM structures of mitochondrial respiratory complex I from Drosophila melanogaster. eLife 2023; 12:e84424. [PMID: 36622099 PMCID: PMC9977279 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I powers ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, exploiting the energy from NADH oxidation by ubiquinone to drive protons across an energy-transducing membrane. Drosophila melanogaster is a candidate model organism for complex I due to its high evolutionary conservation with the mammalian enzyme, well-developed genetic toolkit, and complex physiology for studies in specific cell types and tissues. Here, we isolate complex I from Drosophila and determine its structure, revealing a 43-subunit assembly with high structural homology to its 45-subunit mammalian counterpart, including a hitherto unknown homologue to subunit NDUFA3. The major conformational state of the Drosophila enzyme is the mammalian-type 'ready-to-go' active resting state, with a fully ordered and enclosed ubiquinone-binding site, but a subtly altered global conformation related to changes in subunit ND6. The mammalian-type 'deactive' pronounced resting state is not observed: in two minor states, the ubiquinone-binding site is unchanged, but a deactive-type π-bulge is present in ND6-TMH3. Our detailed structural knowledge of Drosophila complex I provides a foundation for new approaches to disentangle mechanisms of complex I catalysis and regulation in bioenergetics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed-Noor A Agip
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Injae Chung
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Judy Hirst
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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8
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Hossain KFB, Murari A, Mishra B, Owusu-Ansah E. The membrane domain of respiratory complex I accumulates during muscle aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22433. [PMID: 36575244 PMCID: PMC9794728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The boot-shaped respiratory complex I (CI) consists of a mitochondrial matrix and membrane domain organized into N-, Q- and P-modules. The N-module is the most distal part of the matrix domain, whereas the Q-module is situated between the N-module and the membrane domain. The proton-pumping P-module is situated in the membrane domain. We explored the effect of aging on the disintegration of CI and its constituent subcomplexes and modules in Drosophila flight muscles. We find that the fully-assembled complex remains largely intact in aged flies. And while the effect of aging on the stability of many Q- and N-module subunits in subcomplexes was stochastic, NDUFS3 was consistently down-regulated in subcomplexes with age. This was associated with an accumulation of many P-module subunits in subcomplexes. The potential significance of these studies is that genetic manipulations aimed at boosting, perhaps, a few CI subunits may suffice to restore the whole CI biosynthesis pathway during muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Murari
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Bibhuti Mishra
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
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9
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Usher JL, Sanchez‐Martinez A, Terriente‐Felix A, Chen P, Lee JJ, Chen C, Whitworth AJ. Parkin drives pS65-Ub turnover independently of canonical autophagy in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53552. [PMID: 36250243 PMCID: PMC9724668 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease-related proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, act in a common pathway to maintain mitochondrial quality control. While the PINK1-Parkin pathway can promote autophagic mitochondrial turnover (mitophagy) following mitochondrial toxification in cell culture, alternative quality control pathways are suggested. To analyse the mechanisms by which the PINK1-Parkin pathway operates in vivo, we developed methods to detect Ser65-phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65-Ub) in Drosophila. Exposure to the oxidant paraquat led to robust, Pink1-dependent pS65-Ub production, while pS65-Ub accumulates in unstimulated parkin-null flies, consistent with blocked degradation. Additionally, we show that pS65-Ub specifically accumulates on disrupted mitochondria in vivo. Depletion of the core autophagy proteins Atg1, Atg5 and Atg8a did not cause pS65-Ub accumulation to the same extent as loss of parkin, and overexpression of parkin promoted turnover of both basal and paraquat-induced pS65-Ub in an Atg5-null background. Thus, we have established that pS65-Ub immunodetection can be used to analyse Pink1-Parkin function in vivo as an alternative to reporter constructs. Moreover, our findings suggest that the Pink1-Parkin pathway can promote mitochondrial turnover independently of canonical autophagy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Usher
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitCambridgeUK
- PNAC Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
MSD R&D Innovation CentreLondonUK
| | | | | | - Po‐Lin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
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10
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Sen A, Cox RT. Loss of Drosophila Clueless differentially affects the mitochondrial proteome compared to loss of Sod2 and Pink1. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004099. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own DNA, mitochondrial DNA, which encodes thirteen proteins. However, mitochondria require thousands of proteins encoded in the nucleus to carry out their many functions. Identifying the definitive mitochondrial proteome has been challenging as methods isolating mitochondrial proteins differ and different tissues and organisms may have specialized proteomes. Mitochondrial diseases arising from single gene mutations in nucleus encoded genes could affect the mitochondrial proteome, but deciphering which effects are due to loss of specific pathways or to accumulated general mitochondrial damage is difficult. To identify specific versus general effects, we have taken advantage of mutations in three Drosophila genes, clueless, Sod2, and Pink1, which are required for mitochondrial function through different pathways. We measured changes in each mutant’s mitochondrial proteome using quantitative tandem mass tag mass spectrometry. Our analysis identified protein classes that are unique to each mutant and those shared between them, suggesting that some changes in the mitochondrial proteome are due to general mitochondrial damage whereas others are gene specific. For example, clueless mutants had the greatest number of less and more abundant mitochondrial proteins whereas loss of all three genes increased stress and metabolism proteins. This study is the first to directly compare in vivo steady state levels of mitochondrial proteins by examining loss of three pathways critical for mitochondrial function. These data could be useful to understand disease etiology, and how mutations in genes critical for mitochondrial function cause specific mitochondrial proteomic changes as opposed to changes due to generalized mitochondrial damage.
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11
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Wischhof L, Scifo E, Ehninger D, Bano D. AIFM1 beyond cell death: An overview of this OXPHOS-inducing factor in mitochondrial diseases. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104231. [PMID: 35994922 PMCID: PMC9420475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial intermembrane space flavoprotein with diverse functions in cellular physiology. In this regard, a large number of studies have elucidated AIF's participation to chromatin condensation during cell death in development, cancer, cardiovascular and brain disorders. However, the discovery of rare AIFM1 mutations in patients has shifted the interest of biomedical researchers towards AIF's contribution to pathogenic mechanisms underlying inherited AIFM1-linked metabolic diseases. The functional characterization of AIF binding partners has rapidly advanced our understanding of AIF biology within the mitochondria and beyond its widely reported role in cell death. At the present time, it is reasonable to assume that AIF contributes to cell survival by promoting biogenesis and maintenance of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. With this review, we aim to outline the current knowledge around the vital role of AIF by primarily focusing on currently reported human diseases that have been linked to AIFM1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Brischigliaro M, Cabrera‐Orefice A, Sturlese M, Elurbe DM, Frigo E, Fernandez‐Vizarra E, Moro S, Huynen MA, Arnold S, Viscomi C, Zeviani M. CG7630 is the
Drosophila melanogaster
homolog of the cytochrome
c
oxidase subunit COX7B. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54825. [PMID: 35699132 PMCID: PMC9346487 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is composed of four multiheteromeric enzyme complexes. According to the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, eukaryotic MRC derives from ancestral proteobacterial respiratory structures consisting of a minimal set of complexes formed by a few subunits associated with redox prosthetic groups. These enzymes, which are the “core” redox centers of respiration, acquired additional subunits, and increased their complexity throughout evolution. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of MRC, has a highly interspecific heterogeneous composition. Mammalian COX consists of 14 different polypeptides, of which COX7B is considered the evolutionarily youngest subunit. We applied proteomic, biochemical, and genetic approaches to investigate the COX composition in the invertebrate model Drosophila melanogaster. We identified and characterized a novel subunit which is widely different in amino acid sequence, but similar in secondary and tertiary structures to COX7B, and provided evidence that this object is in fact replacing the latter subunit in virtually all protostome invertebrates. These results demonstrate that although individual structures may differ the composition of COX is functionally conserved between vertebrate and invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Cabrera‐Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Dei M Elurbe
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Elena Frigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Erika Fernandez‐Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine Padova Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine Padova Italy
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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13
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Hou S, Zhang X, Ning X, Wu H, Li X, Ma K, Hao H, Lv C, Li C, Du Z, Du H, Jin M. Methylmercury induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells through the reactive oxygen species mediated caspase and poly ADP-ribose polymerase/apoptosis-inducing factor dependent pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1891-1901. [PMID: 35396826 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxic substance, which can easily cross the blood-brain barrier, causing irreversible damage to the human central nervous system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various ways of intracellular physiological or pathological processes including neuronal apoptosis. This study attempted to explore the role of ROS-mediated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)/apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) apoptosis signaling pathway in the process of MeHg-induced cell death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Here, we found that SH-SY5Y cells underwent apoptosis in response to MeHg, which was accompanied by the increased levels of ROS and calcium ion, and the activation of caspase cascades and PARP. Inhibiting the production of ROS can reduce the apoptosis rate to a certain extent. PARP/AIF apoptotic pathway is independent of caspase dependent signaling pathway and regulates it. In conclusion, these results suggest that ROS mediated activation of caspase pathway and PARP/AIF signaling pathway are involved in MeHg induced apoptosis, and these two pathways interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiayu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofan Ning
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Ma
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunping Lv
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiying Du
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Salscheider SL, Gerlich S, Cabrera-Orefice A, Peker E, Rothemann RA, Murschall LM, Finger Y, Szczepanowska K, Ahmadi ZA, Guerrero-Castillo S, Erdogan A, Becker M, Ali M, Habich M, Petrungaro C, Burdina N, Schwarz G, Klußmann M, Neundorf I, Stroud DA, Ryan MT, Trifunovic A, Brandt U, Riemer J. AIFM1 is a component of the mitochondrial disulfide relay that drives complex I assembly through efficient import of NDUFS5. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110784. [PMID: 35859387 PMCID: PMC9434101 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial intermembrane space protein AIFM1 has been reported to mediate the import of MIA40/CHCHD4, which forms the import receptor in the mitochondrial disulfide relay. Here, we demonstrate that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 cooperate beyond this MIA40/CHCHD4 import. We show that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 form a stable long‐lived complex in vitro, in different cell lines, and in tissues. In HEK293 cells lacking AIFM1, levels of MIA40 are unchanged, but the protein is present in the monomeric form. Monomeric MIA40 neither efficiently interacts with nor mediates the import of specific substrates. The import defect is especially severe for NDUFS5, a subunit of complex I of the respiratory chain. As a consequence, NDUFS5 accumulates in the cytosol and undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation. Lack of mitochondrial NDUFS5 in turn results in stalling of complex I assembly. Collectively, we demonstrate that AIFM1 serves two overlapping functions: importing MIA40/CHCHD4 and constituting an integral part of the disulfide relay that ensures efficient interaction of MIA40/CHCHD4 with specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Gerlich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esra Peker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Yannik Finger
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zeinab Alsadat Ahmadi
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alican Erdogan
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Becker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muna Ali
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Habich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nele Burdina
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Merlin Klußmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Murari A, Goparaju NSV, Rhooms SK, Hossain KFB, Liang FG, Garcia CJ, Osei C, Liu T, Li H, Kitsis RN, Patel R, Owusu-Ansah E. IDH2-mediated regulation of the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8716. [PMID: 35544578 PMCID: PMC9094667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several subunits in the matrix domain of mitochondrial complex I (CI) have been posited to be redox sensors for CI, but how elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impinge on CI assembly is unknown. We report that genetic disruption of the mitochondrial NADPH-generating enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), in Drosophila flight muscles results in elevated ROS levels and impairment of assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, this begins with an inhibition of biosynthesis of the matrix domain of CI and progresses to involve multiple OXPHOS complexes. Despite activation of multiple compensatory mechanisms, including enhanced coenzyme Q biosynthesis and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, ferroptotic cell death ensues. Disruption of enzymes that eliminate hydrogen peroxide, but not those that eliminate the superoxide radical, recapitulates the phenotype, thereby implicating hydrogen peroxide as the signaling molecule involved. Thus, IDH2 modulates the assembly of the matrix domain of CI and ultimately that of the entire OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Murari
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Naga S. V. Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shauna-Kay Rhooms
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kaniz F. B. Hossain
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Felix G. Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christian J. Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cindy Osei
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Murari A, Owusu-Ansah E. Analyzing the integrity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in Drosophila flight muscles. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:101021. [PMID: 34977670 PMCID: PMC8683765 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila flight muscles are highly enriched with mitochondria and have emerged as a powerful genetic system for studying how oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes are assembled. Here, we describe a series of protocols for analyzing the integrity of OXPHOS complexes in Drosophila via blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN PAGE). We have also included protocols for the additional steps that are typically performed after OXPHOS complexes are separated by BN PAGE, such as Coomassie staining, silver staining, and in-gel OXPHOS activities. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Murari et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Murari
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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17
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Geldon S, Fernández-Vizarra E, Tokatlidis K. Redox-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Dynamics, and Respiratory Chain Assembly in Yeast and Human Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720656. [PMID: 34557489 PMCID: PMC8452992 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that contain their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and reminiscent of its endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration via the function of the electron oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and composed of the four electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes (complexes I-IV), and the ATP synthase (complex V). Even though the mtDNA encodes essential OXPHOS components, the large majority of the structural subunits and additional biogenetical factors (more than seventy proteins) are encoded in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm. To incorporate these proteins and the rest of the mitochondrial proteome, mitochondria have evolved varied, and sophisticated import machineries that specifically target proteins to the different compartments defined by the two membranes. The intermembrane space (IMS) contains a high number of cysteine-rich proteins, which are mostly imported via the MIA40 oxidative folding system, dependent on the reduction, and oxidation of key Cys residues. Several of these proteins are structural components or assembly factors necessary for the correct maturation and function of the ETC complexes. Interestingly, many of these proteins are involved in the metalation of the active redox centers of complex IV, the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial ETC. Due to their function in oxygen reduction, mitochondria are the main generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), on both sides of the inner membrane, i.e., in the matrix and the IMS. ROS generation is important due to their role as signaling molecules, but an excessive production is detrimental due to unwanted oxidation reactions that impact on the function of different types of biomolecules contained in mitochondria. Therefore, the maintenance of the redox balance in the IMS is essential for mitochondrial function. In this review, we will discuss the role that redox regulation plays in the maintenance of IMS homeostasis as well as how mitochondrial ROS generation may be a key regulatory factor for ETC biogenesis, especially for complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Murari A, Rhooms SK, Garcia C, Liu T, Li H, Mishra B, Deshong C, Owusu-Ansah E. Dissecting the concordant and disparate roles of NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 in mitochondrial complex I biogenesis. iScience 2021; 24:102869. [PMID: 34386730 PMCID: PMC8346666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct sub-assemblies (modules) of mitochondrial complex I (CI) are assembled with the assistance of CI Assembly Factors (CIAFs) through mechanisms that are incompletely defined. Here, using genetic analyses in Drosophila, we report that when either of the CIAFs – NDUFAF3 or NDUFAF4 – is disrupted, biogenesis of the Q-, N-, and PP-b-modules of CI is impaired. This is due, at least in part, to the compromised integration of NDUFS3 and NDUFS5 into the Q-, and PP-b-modules, respectively, coupled with a destabilization of another CIAF, TIMMDC1, in assembly intermediates. Notably, forced expression of NDUFAF4 rescues the biogenesis defects in the Q-module and some aspects of the defects in the PP-b-module of CI when NDUFAF3 is disrupted. Altogether, our studies furnish new fundamental insights into the mechanism by which NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 regulate CI assembly and raises the possibility that certain point mutations in NDUFAF3 may be rescued by overexpression of NDUFAF4. Disruption of NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 in Drosophila muscles destabilizes TIMMDC1 NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 regulate biogenesis of the N, Q, and Pp modules NDUFAF4 ameliorates some of the CI biogenesis defects in NDUFAF3 mutants
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Murari
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shauna-Kay Rhooms
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christian Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Bibhuti Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cassie Deshong
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author
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19
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CHCHD4 (MIA40) and the mitochondrial disulfide relay system. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:17-27. [PMID: 33599699 PMCID: PMC7925007 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal for normal cellular physiology, as they perform a crucial role in diverse cellular functions and processes, including respiration and the regulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, as well as regulating cellular signalling and transcriptional networks. In this way, mitochondria are central to the cell's homeostatic machinery, and as such mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathology of a diverse range of diseases including mitochondrial disease and cancer. Mitochondrial import pathways and targeting mechanisms provide the means to transport into mitochondria the hundreds of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins that are critical for the organelle's many functions. One such import pathway is the highly evolutionarily conserved disulfide relay system (DRS) within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), whereby proteins undergo a form of oxidation-dependent protein import. A central component of the DRS is the oxidoreductase coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4, also known as MIA40), the human homologue of yeast Mia40. Here, we summarise the recent advances made to our understanding of the role of CHCHD4 and the DRS in physiology and disease, with a specific focus on the emerging importance of CHCHD4 in regulating the cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia) and metabolism in cancer.
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