1
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Agborbesong E, Li X. The Immune Checkpoint Protein PD-L1 Regulates Ciliogenesis and Hedgehog Signaling. Cells 2024; 13:1003. [PMID: 38920633 PMCID: PMC11201989 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like sensory organelle that protrudes from the surface of most eukaryotic cell types, has become a signaling hub of growing interest given that defects in its structure and/or function are associated with human diseases and syndromes, known as ciliopathies. With the continuously expanding role of primary cilia in health and diseases, identifying new players in ciliogenesis will lead to a better understanding of the function of this organelle. It has been shown that the primary cilium shares similarities with the immune synapse, a highly organized structure at the interface between an antigen-presenting or target cell and a lymphocyte. Studies have demonstrated a role for known cilia regulators in immune synapse formation. However, whether immune synapse regulators modulate ciliogenesis remains elusive. Here, we find that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein and regulator of immune synapse formation, plays a role in the regulation of ciliogenesis. We found that PD-L1 is enriched at the centrosome/basal body and Golgi apparatus of ciliated cells and depleting PD-L1 enhanced ciliogenesis and increased the accumulation of ciliary membrane trafficking proteins Rab8a, BBS5, and sensory receptor protein PC-2. Moreover, PD-L1 formed a complex with BBS5 and PC-2. In addition, we found that depletion of PD-L1 resulted in the ciliary accumulation of Gli3 and the downregulation of Gli1. Our results suggest that PD-L1 is a new player in ciliogenesis, contributing to PC-2-mediated sensory signaling and the Hh signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, R, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, R, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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2
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Griffiths G, Brügger B, Freund C. Lipid switches in the immunological synapse. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107428. [PMID: 38823638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses comprise the activation of T cells by peptide antigens that are presented by proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. As a consequence of the T cell receptor interacting productively with a certain peptide-MHC complex, a specialized cell-cell junction known as the immunological synapse forms and is accompanied by changes in the spatiotemporal patterning and function of intracellular signaling molecules. Key modifications occurring at the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma and internal membranes in activated T cells comprise lipid switches that affect the binding and distribution of proteins within or near the lipid bilayer. Here, we describe two major classes of lipid switches that act at this critical water/membrane interface. Phosphoinositides are derived from phosphatidylinositol, an amphiphilic molecule that contains two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that bridges the glycerol backbone to the carbohydrate inositol. The inositol ring can be variably (de-)phosphorylated by dedicated kinases and phosphatases, thereby creating phosphoinositide signatures that define the composition and properties of signaling molecules, molecular complexes, or whole organelles. Palmitoylation refers to the reversible attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to a substrate protein's cysteine residue. DHHC enzymes, named after the four conserved amino acids in their active site, catalyze this post-translational modification and thereby change the distribution of proteins at, between, and within membranes. T cells utilize these two types of molecular switches to adjust their properties to an activation process that requires changes in motility, transport, secretion, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Ganga AK, Sweeney LK, Ramos AR, Bishop CS, Hamel V, Guichard P, Breslow DK. A disease-associated PPP2R3C-MAP3K1 phospho-regulatory module controls centrosome function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587836. [PMID: 38617270 PMCID: PMC11014585 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes have critical roles in microtubule organization and in cell signaling.1-8 However, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome function are not fully defined, and thus how defects in centrosomal regulation contribute to disease is incompletely understood. From functional genomic analyses, we find here that PPP2R3C, a PP2A phosphatase subunit, is a distal centriole protein and functional partner of centriolar proteins CEP350 and FOP. We further show that a key function of PPP2R3C is to counteract the kinase activity of MAP3K1. In support of this model, MAP3K1 knockout suppresses growth defects caused by PPP2R3C inactivation, and MAP3K1 and PPP2R3C have opposing effects on basal and microtubule stress-induced JNK signaling. Illustrating the importance of balanced MAP3K1 and PPP2R3C activities, acute overexpression of MAP3K1 severely inhibits centrosome function and triggers rapid centriole disintegration. Additionally, inactivating PPP2R3C mutations and activating MAP3K1 mutations both cause congenital syndromes characterized by gonadal dysgenesis.9-15 As a syndromic PPP2R3C variant is defective in centriolar localization and binding to centriolar protein FOP, we propose that imbalanced activity of this centrosomal kinase-phosphatase pair is the shared cause of these disorders. Thus, our findings reveal a new centrosomal phospho-regulatory module, shed light on disorders of gonadal development, and illustrate the power of systems genetics to identify previously unrecognized gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Ganga
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren K. Sweeney
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Armando Rubio Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra S. Bishop
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David K. Breslow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Naaldijk Y, Fernández B, Fasiczka R, Fdez E, Leghay C, Croitoru I, Kwok JB, Boulesnane Y, Vizeneux A, Mutez E, Calvez C, Destée A, Taymans JM, Aragon AV, Yarza AB, Padmanabhan S, Delgado M, Alcalay RN, Chatterton Z, Dzamko N, Halliday G, Ruiz-Martínez J, Chartier-Harlin MC, Hilfiker S. A potential patient stratification biomarker for Parkinson´s disease based on LRRK2 kinase-mediated centrosomal alterations in peripheral blood-derived cells. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:12. [PMID: 38191886 PMCID: PMC10774440 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a promising therapeutic target for disease intervention. However, the ability to stratify patients who will benefit from such treatment modalities based on shared etiology is critical for the success of disease-modifying therapies. Ciliary and centrosomal alterations are commonly associated with pathogenic LRRK2 kinase activity and can be detected in many cell types. We previously found centrosomal deficits in immortalized lymphocytes from G2019S-LRRK2 PD patients. Here, to investigate whether such deficits may serve as a potential blood biomarker for PD which is susceptible to LRKK2 inhibitor treatment, we characterized patient-derived cells from distinct PD cohorts. We report centrosomal alterations in peripheral cells from a subset of early-stage idiopathic PD patients which is mitigated by LRRK2 kinase inhibition, supporting a role for aberrant LRRK2 activity in idiopathic PD. Centrosomal defects are detected in R1441G-LRRK2 and G2019S-LRRK2 PD patients and in non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers, indicating that they accumulate prior to a clinical PD diagnosis. They are present in immortalized cells as well as in primary lymphocytes from peripheral blood. These findings indicate that analysis of centrosomal defects as a blood-based patient stratification biomarker may help nominate idiopathic PD patients who will benefit from LRRK2-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department. of Anesthesiology and Department. of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Belén Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ´López-Neyra¨, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Rachel Fasiczka
- Department. of Anesthesiology and Department. of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Elena Fdez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ´López-Neyra¨, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Coline Leghay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ioana Croitoru
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastain, Spain
| | - John B Kwok
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanisse Boulesnane
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Amelie Vizeneux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eugenie Mutez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Camille Calvez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Destée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Alberto Bergareche Yarza
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastain, Spain
- Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine ´López-Neyra¨, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department. of Neurology, Colsumbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zac Chatterton
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastain, Spain
- Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department. of Anesthesiology and Department. of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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5
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Ruiz-Navarro J, Calvo V, Izquierdo M. Extracellular vesicles and microvilli in the immune synapse. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1324557. [PMID: 38268920 PMCID: PMC10806406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) binding to cognate antigen on the plasma membrane of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) triggers the immune synapse (IS) formation. The IS constitutes a dedicated contact region between different cells that comprises a signaling platform where several cues evoked by TCR and accessory molecules are integrated, ultimately leading to an effective TCR signal transmission that guarantees intercellular message communication. This eventually leads to T lymphocyte activation and the efficient execution of different T lymphocyte effector tasks, including cytotoxicity and subsequent target cell death. Recent evidence demonstrates that the transmission of information between immune cells forming synapses is produced, to a significant extent, by the generation and secretion of distinct extracellular vesicles (EV) from both the effector T lymphocyte and the APC. These EV carry biologically active molecules that transfer cues among immune cells leading to a broad range of biological responses in the recipient cells. Included among these bioactive molecules are regulatory miRNAs, pro-apoptotic molecules implicated in target cell apoptosis, or molecules triggering cell activation. In this study we deal with the different EV classes detected at the IS, placing emphasis on the most recent findings on microvilli/lamellipodium-produced EV. The signals leading to polarized secretion of EV at the synaptic cleft will be discussed, showing that the IS architecture fulfills a fundamental task during this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz-Navarro
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Bear RM, Caspary T. Uncovering cilia function in glial development. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:27-44. [PMID: 37427745 PMCID: PMC10776815 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia play critical roles in regulating signaling pathways that underlie several developmental processes. In the nervous system, cilia are known to regulate signals that guide neuron development. Cilia dysregulation is implicated in neurological diseases, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cilia research has predominantly focused on neurons and has overlooked the diverse population of glial cells in the brain. Glial cells play essential roles during neurodevelopment, and their dysfunction contributes to neurological disease; however, the relationship between cilia function and glial development is understudied. Here we review the state of the field and highlight the glial cell types where cilia are found and the ciliary functions that are linked to glial development. This work uncovers the importance of cilia in glial development and raises outstanding questions for the field. We are poised to make progress in understanding the function of glial cilia in human development and their contribution to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Bear
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta GA 30322
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta GA 30322
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7
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Renaud CCN, Trillet K, Jardine J, Merlet L, Renoult O, Laurent-Blond M, Catinaud Z, Pecqueur C, Gavard J, Bidère N. The centrosomal protein 131 participates in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1271. [PMID: 38102401 PMCID: PMC10724242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are multiprotein aggregates that orbit the centrosome and govern centrosome homeostasis and primary cilia formation. In contrast to the scaffold PCM1, which nucleates centriolar satellites and has been linked to microtubule dynamics, autophagy, and intracellular trafficking, the functions of its interactant CEP131 beyond ciliogenesis remain unclear. Using a knockout strategy in a non-ciliary T-cell line, we report that, although dispensable for centriolar satellite assembly, CEP131 participates in optimal tubulin glycylation and polyglutamylation, and microtubule regrowth. Our unsupervised label-free proteomic analysis by quantitative mass spectrometry further uncovered mitochondrial and apoptotic signatures. CEP131-deficient cells showed an elongated mitochondrial network. Upon cell death inducers targeting mitochondria, knockout cells displayed delayed cytochrome c release from mitochondria, subsequent caspase activation, and apoptosis. This mitochondrial permeabilization defect was intrinsic, and replicable in vitro with isolated organelles. These findings extend CEP131 functions to life-and-death decisions and propose ways to interfere with mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde C N Renaud
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Kilian Trillet
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Jane Jardine
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Laura Merlet
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Ophélie Renoult
- Team PETRY, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Laurent-Blond
- Team PETRY, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Zoé Catinaud
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Team PETRY, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes University, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nantes, France.
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8
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Chiu TY, Lo CH, Lin YH, Lai YD, Lin SS, Fang YT, Huang WS, Huang SY, Tsai PY, Yang FH, Chong WM, Wu YC, Tsai HC, Liu YW, Hsu CL, Liao JC, Wang WJ. INPP5E regulates CD3ζ enrichment at the immune synapse by phosphoinositide distribution control. Commun Biol 2023; 6:911. [PMID: 37670137 PMCID: PMC10480498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse, a highly organized structure formed at the interface between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), is essential for T cell activation and the adaptive immune response. It has been shown that this interface shares similarities with the primary cilium, a sensory organelle in eukaryotic cells, although the roles of ciliary proteins on the immune synapse remain elusive. Here, we find that inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E), a cilium-enriched protein responsible for regulating phosphoinositide localization, is enriched at the immune synapse in Jurkat T-cells during superantigen-mediated conjugation or antibody-mediated crosslinking of TCR complexes, and forms a complex with CD3ζ, ZAP-70, and Lck. Silencing INPP5E in Jurkat T-cells impairs the polarized distribution of CD3ζ at the immune synapse and correlates with a failure of PI(4,5)P2 clearance at the center of the synapse. Moreover, INPP5E silencing decreases proximal TCR signaling, including phosphorylation of CD3ζ and ZAP-70, and ultimately attenuates IL-2 secretion. Our results suggest that INPP5E is a new player in phosphoinositide manipulation at the synapse, controlling the TCR signaling cascade.
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Grants
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 110-2326-B-A49A-503-MY3, 111-2628-B-A49A-016, and 112-2628-B-A49-009-MY3
- National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX109-10610BC) National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Innovative Joint Program (109L104303)
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 109-2628-B-010-016 Cancer Progression Research Center NYCU, from the Higher Education Sprout Project by MOE
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 107-2313-B-001-009 National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 108-2313-B-001-003 National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Innovative Joint Program Grant (NTU-SINICA- 108L104303)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Chien-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Di Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tian Fang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hua Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Weng Man Chong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan.
- Syncell Inc., Taipei, 115202, Taiwan.
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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9
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Torres RM, Turner JA, D’Antonio M, Pelanda R, Kremer KN. Regulation of CD8 T-cell signaling, metabolism, and cytotoxic activity by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:203-222. [PMID: 37096808 PMCID: PMC10523933 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid that is produced extracellularly and signals to cells via cognate LPA receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mature lymphocytes in mice and humans express three LPA receptors, LPA2 , LPA5, and LPA6 , and work from our group has determined that LPA5 signaling by T lymphocytes inhibits specific antigen-receptor signaling pathways that ultimately impair lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and function. In this review, we discuss previous and ongoing work characterizing the ability of an LPA-LPA5 axis to serve as a peripheral immunological tolerance mechanism that restrains adaptive immunity but is subverted during settings of chronic inflammation. Specifically, LPA-LPA5 signaling is found to regulate effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells by (at least) two mechanisms: (i) regulating the actin-microtubule cytoskeleton in a manner that impairs immunological synapse formation between an effector CD8 T cell and antigen-specific target cell, thus directly impairing cytotoxic activity, and (ii) shifting T-cell metabolism to depend on fatty-acid oxidation for mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic efficiency. The in vivo outcome of LPA5 inhibitory activity impairs CD8 T-cell killing and tumor immunity in mouse models providing impetus to consider LPA5 antagonism for the treatment of malignancies and chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Jacqueline A. Turner
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Marc D’Antonio
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Kimberly N. Kremer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
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10
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Guan YT, Zhang C, Zhang HY, Wei WL, Yue W, Zhao W, Zhang DH. Primary cilia: Structure, dynamics, and roles in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1788-1807. [PMID: 37565630 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the initiation of tumor arises from tumorigenic transformation signaling in cancer cells, cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis also require a dynamic and reciprocal association with extracellular signaling from tumor microenvironment (TME). Primary cilia are the antenna-like structure that mediate signaling sensation and transduction in different tissues and cells. Recent studies have started to uncover that the heterogeneous ciliation in cancer cells and cells from the TME in tumor growth impels asymmetric paracellular signaling in the TME, indicating the essential functions of primary cilia in homeostasis maintenance of both cancer cells and the TME. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the structure and assembly of primary cilia, and the role of primary cilia in tumor and TME formation, as well as the therapeutic potentials that target ciliary dynamics and signaling from the cells in different tumors and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Guan
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Wei
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Posthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
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11
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Streubel JMS, Pereira G. Control of centrosome distal appendages assembly and disassembly. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203839. [PMID: 37062431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers involved in chromosome segregation, spindle orientation, cell motility and cilia formation. In recent years, they have also emerged as key modulators of asymmetric cell division. Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles that initiate duplication in S phase. The conservative nature of centriole duplication means that the two centrioles of a G1 cell are of different ages. They are also structurally different as only the older centriole carry appendages, an assembly of a subset of proteins primarily required for cilia formation. In a growing tissue, the non-motile, primary cilium acts as a mechano- and sensory organelle that influences cell behavior via modulation of signaling pathways. Here, we discuss the most recent findings about distal appendage composition and function, as well as cell cycle-specific regulation and their implications in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M S Streubel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Pineau J, Moreau H, Duménil AML, Pierobon P. Polarity in immune cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:197-222. [PMID: 37100518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are responsible for pathogen detection and elimination, as well as for signaling to other cells the presence of potential danger. In order to mount an efficient immune response, they need to move and search for a pathogen, interact with other cells, and diversify the population by asymmetric cell division. All these actions are regulated by cell polarity: cell polarity controls cell motility, which is crucial for scanning peripheral tissues to detect pathogens, and recruiting immune cells to sites of infection; immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, communicate with each other by a direct contact called immunological synapse, which entails a global polarization of the cell and plays a role in activating lymphocyte response; finally, immune cells divide asymmetrically from a precursor, generating a diversity of phenotypes and cell types among daughter cells, such as memory and effector cells. This review aims at providing an overview from both biology and physics perspectives of how cell polarity shapes the main immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moreau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France
| | | | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France.
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13
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Clarke DJB, Rebman AW, Fan J, Soloski MJ, Aucott JN, Ma'ayan A. Gene set predictor for post-treatment Lyme disease. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100816. [PMID: 36384094 PMCID: PMC9729821 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) is tick-borne disease whose post-treatment sequelae are not well understood. For this study, we enrolled 152 individuals with symptoms of post-treatment LD (PTLD) to profile their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Combined with RNA-seq data from 72 individuals with acute LD and 44 uninfected controls, we investigated differences in differential gene expression. We observe that most individuals with PTLD have an inflammatory signature that is distinguished from the acute LD group. By distilling gene sets from this study with gene sets from other sources, we identify a subset of genes that are highly expressed in the cohorts but are not already established as biomarkers for inflammatory response or other viral or bacterial infections. We further reduce this gene set by feature importance to establish an mRNA biomarker set capable of distinguishing healthy individuals from those with acute LD or PTLD as a candidate for translation into an LD diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J B Clarke
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alison W Rebman
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Soloski
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John N Aucott
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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14
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Claude-Taupin A, Dupont N, Codogno P. Autophagy and the primary cilium in cell metabolism: What’s upstream? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046248. [PMID: 36438551 PMCID: PMC9682156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to extracellular stimuli, i.e., nutrient and hormone signaling, hypoxia, or mechanical forces by autophagy, is vital for the health of various tissues. The primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule-based sensory organelle that regulates the integration of several extracellular stimuli. Over the past decade, an interconnection between autophagy and PC has begun to be revealed. Indeed, the PC regulates autophagy and in turn, a selective form of autophagy called ciliophagy contributes to the regulation of ciliogenesis. Moreover, the PC regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis and lipophagy to produce free fatty acids. These two pathways converge to activate oxidative phosphorylation and produce ATP, which is mandatory for cell metabolism and membrane transport. The autophagy-dependent production of energy is fully efficient when the PC senses shear stress induced by fluid flow. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk between autophagy, the PC and physical forces in the regulation of cell biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
| | - Patrice Codogno
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
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15
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A serotonergic axon-cilium synapse drives nuclear signaling to alter chromatin accessibility. Cell 2022; 185:3390-3407.e18. [PMID: 36055200 PMCID: PMC9789380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synapses between axons and dendrites mediate neuronal intercellular communication. Here, we describe a synapse between axons and primary cilia: the axo-ciliary synapse. Using enhanced focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy on samples with optimally preserved ultrastructure, we discovered synapses between brainstem serotonergic axons and the primary cilia of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Functionally, these cilia are enriched in a ciliary-restricted serotonin receptor, the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (5-HTR6). Using a cilia-targeted serotonin sensor, we show that opto- and chemogenetic stimulation of serotonergic axons releases serotonin onto cilia. Ciliary 5-HTR6 stimulation activates a non-canonical Gαq/11-RhoA pathway, which modulates nuclear actin and increases histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility. Ablation of this pathway reduces chromatin accessibility in CA1 pyramidal neurons. As a signaling apparatus with proximity to the nucleus, axo-ciliary synapses short circuit neurotransmission to alter the postsynaptic neuron's epigenetic state.
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16
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Seidel F, Laser KT, Klingel K, Dartsch J, Theisen S, Pickardt T, Holtgrewe M, Gärtner A, Berger F, Beule D, Milting H, Schubert S, Klaassen S, Kühnisch J. Pathogenic Variants in Cardiomyopathy Disorder Genes Underlie Pediatric Myocarditis—Further Impact of Heterozygous Immune Disorder Gene Variants? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070216. [PMID: 35877578 PMCID: PMC9321514 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart. Pediatric myocarditis with the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype may be caused by likely pathogenic or pathogenic genetic variants [(L)P] in cardiomyopathy (CMP) genes. Systematic analysis of immune disorder gene defects has not been performed so far. We analyzed 12 patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis and the DCM phenotype together with their parents using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The WES data were filtered for rare pathogenic variants in CMP (n = 89) and immune disorder genes (n = 631). Twelve children with a median age of 2.9 (1.0–6.8) years had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 28% (22–32%) and myocarditis was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. Patients with primary immunodeficiency were excluded from the study. Four patients underwent implantation of a ventricular assist device and subsequent heart transplantation. Genetic analysis of the 12 families revealed an (L)P variant in the CMP gene in 8/12 index patients explaining DCM. Screening of recessive immune disorder genes identified a heterozygous (L)P variant in 3/12 index patients. This study supports the genetic impact of CMP genes for pediatric myocarditis with the DCM phenotype. Piloting the idea that additional immune-related genetic defects promote myocarditis suggests that the presence of heterozygous variants in these genes needs further investigation. Altered cilium function might play an additional role in inducing inflammation in the context of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Seidel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Thorsten Laser
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Clinic of Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Josephine Dartsch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Theisen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Manuel Holtgrewe
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Core Facility Bioinformatik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Stephan Schubert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart-and Diabetescenter NRW, University Clinic of Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-30-9406-3319 (S.K. & J.K.); Fax: +49-30-9406-3358 (S.K. & J.K.)
| | - Jirko Kühnisch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.D.); (S.T.); (D.B.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-30-9406-3319 (S.K. & J.K.); Fax: +49-30-9406-3358 (S.K. & J.K.)
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Cassioli C, Baldari CT. Lymphocyte Polarization During Immune Synapse Assembly: Centrosomal Actin Joins the Game. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830835. [PMID: 35222415 PMCID: PMC8873515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among immune cells are essential for the development of adaptive immune responses. The immunological synapse (IS) provides a specialized platform for integration of signals and intercellular communication between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs). In the T cell the reorganization of surface molecules at the synaptic interface is initiated by T cell receptor binding to a cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex on the APC surface and is accompanied by a polarized remodelling of the cytoskeleton and centrosome reorientation to a subsynaptic position. Although there is a general agreement on polarizing signals and mechanisms driving centrosome reorientation during IS assembly, the primary events that prepare for centrosome repositioning remain largely unexplored. It has been recently shown that in resting lymphocytes a local polymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) at the centrosome contributes to anchoring this organelle to the nucleus. During early stages of IS formation centrosomal F-actin undergoes depletion, allowing for centrosome detachment from the nucleus and its polarization towards the synaptic membrane. We recently demonstrated that in CD4+ T cells the reduction in centrosomal F-actin relies on the activity of a centrosome-associated proteasome and implicated the ciliopathy-related Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein in the dynein-dependent recruitment of the proteasome 19S regulatory subunit to the centrosome. In this short review we will feature our recent findings that collectively provide a new function for BBS proteins and the proteasome in actin dynamics, centrosome polarization and T cell activation.
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18
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DLL3 expression and methylation are associated with lower-grade glioma immune microenvironment and prognosis. Genomics 2022; 114:110289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Akhshi T, Shannon R, Trimble WS. The complex web of canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signaling. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100183. [PMID: 35001404 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is a widely studied signaling pathway because of its critical roles during development and in cell homeostasis. Vertebrate canonical and non-canonical Hh signaling are typically assumed to be distinct and occur in different cellular compartments. While research has primarily focused on the canonical form of Hh signaling and its dependency on primary cilia - microtubule-based signaling hubs - an extensive list of crucial functions mediated by non-canonical Hh signaling has emerged. Moreover, amounting evidence indicates that canonical and non-canonical modes of Hh signaling are interlinked, and that they can overlap spatially, and in many cases interact functionally. Here, we discuss some of the many cellular effects of non-canonical signaling and discuss new evidence indicating inter-relationships with canonical signaling. We discuss how Smoothened (Smo), a key component of the Hh pathway, might coordinate such diverse downstream effects. Collectively, pursuit of questions such as those proposed here will aid in elucidating the full extent of Smo function in development and advance its use as a target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Akhshi
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Shannon
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William S Trimble
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Ryniawec JM, Rogers GC. Centrosome instability: when good centrosomes go bad. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6775-6795. [PMID: 34476544 PMCID: PMC8560572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome is a tiny cytoplasmic organelle that organizes and constructs massive molecular machines to coordinate diverse cellular processes. Due to its many roles during both interphase and mitosis, maintaining centrosome homeostasis is essential to normal health and development. Centrosome instability, divergence from normal centrosome number and structure, is a common pathognomonic cellular state tightly associated with cancers and other genetic diseases. As novel connections are investigated linking the centrosome to disease, it is critical to understand the breadth of centrosome functions to inspire discovery. In this review, we provide an introduction to normal centrosome function and highlight recent discoveries that link centrosome instability to specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ryniawec
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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21
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Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P, Dupont N. Links between autophagy and tissue mechanics. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271984. [PMID: 34472605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension, play major roles during development, tissue homeostasis, immune responses and pathologies. Cells and organelles also face mechanical forces during migration and extravasation, and investigations into how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including changes in cell morphology, membrane transport, metabolism, energy production and gene expression, is a flourishing field. Recent studies demonstrate the role of macroautophagy in the integration of physical constraints. The aim of this Review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of macroautophagy in controlling a large panel of cell responses, from morphological and metabolic changes, to inflammation and senescence, for the integration of mechanical forces. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss the cell surface molecules and structures that sense mechanical forces upstream of macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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22
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Abstract
To gain a holistic understanding of cellular function, we must understand not just the role of individual organelles, but also how multiple macromolecular assemblies function collectively. Centrioles produce fundamental cellular processes through their ability to organise cytoskeletal fibres. In addition to nucleating microtubules, centrioles form lesser-known polymers, termed rootlets. Rootlets were identified over a 100 years ago and have been documented morphologically since by electron microscopy in different eukaryotic organisms. Rootlet-knockout animals have been created in various systems, providing insight into their physiological functions. However, the precise structure and function of rootlets is still enigmatic. Here, I consider common themes of rootlet function and assembly across diverse cellular systems. I suggest that the capability of rootlets to form physical links from centrioles to other cellular structures is a general principle unifying their functions in diverse cells and serves as an example of how cellular function arises from collective organellar activity. Summary: This Review discusses the structure and function of enigmatic cytoskeletal fibres termed centriolar rootlets, suggesting that they form physical links between subcellular structures to allow collective organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mahen
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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23
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Chen KHE, Ghosh M, Rivera L, Lin S, Kumar A, Swaminathan S, Lorenson MY, Walker AM. Prolactin enhances T regulatory cell promotion of breast cancer through the long form prolactin receptor. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101195. [PMID: 34375938 PMCID: PMC8358703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic knockdown of the long form prolactin receptor in vivo increases survival in an aggressive, immunocompetent model of stage IV, triple negative breast cancer. Knockdown of the long form prolactin receptor reduces Treg recruitment to tumors by reducing tumor parenchymal production of CCL-17. Those Tregs still recruited to primary tumors have a substantial reduction in their ability to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition of tumor parenchyma. For the Tregs in the primary tumor, there is transcript downregulation of components of the T cell receptor complex and CTLA-4. Tregs outside of the tumor have normal ability to suppress T effector cell proliferation after 1–5 months of treatment. Knockdown of the long form of the prolactin receptor therefore seems to have an intra-tumor immunotherapeutic effect without effect on peripheral Treg function.
Previous work has shown systemic knockdown of the long form prolactin receptor (LFPRLR) in vivo markedly reduced metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer, but whether this translated to prolonged survival was unknown. Here we show that LFPRLR knockdown in the highly metastatic, immunocompetent 4T1 model prolonged survival and reduced recruitment of T regulatory cells (Tregs) to the tumor through effects on the production of CCL17. For the Tregs still recruited to the primary tumor, LFPRLR knockdown both directly and indirectly reduced their ability to promote tumor parenchymal epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Importantly, effects of prolactin on expression of mesenchymal genes by the tumor parenchyma were very different in the absence and presence of Tregs. While systemic knockdown of the LFPRLR downregulated transcripts important for immune synapse function in the remaining tumor Tregs, splenic Tregs seemed unaffected by LFPRLR knockdown, as demonstrated by their continued ability to suppress anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated effector cell proliferation at 1–5 months. These results demonstrate that knockdown of the LFPRLR achieves intra-tumor immunotherapeutic effects and suggest this occurs with reduced likelihood of peripheral inflammatory/autoimmune sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hui Ethan Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Mrinal Ghosh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Lorena Rivera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Samuel Lin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Mary Y Lorenson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Ameae M Walker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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