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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sánchez B. LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould SJ. Endocytosis blocks the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi9156. [PMID: 38718108 PMCID: PMC11078179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction. Furthermore, we show that syntenin, a previously described exosome biogenesis factor, drives the vesicular secretion of CD63 by blocking CD63 endocytosis and that other endocytosis inhibitors also induce the plasma membrane accumulation and vesicular secretion of CD63. Finally, we show that CD63 is an expression-dependent inhibitor of endocytosis that triggers the vesicular secretion of lysosomal proteins and the clathrin adaptor AP-2 mu2. These results suggest that the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins in exosome-sized vesicles occurs primarily by an endocytosis-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura S. Sánchez B.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Shodubi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shankar Raghunandan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junhao Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2
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Selheim F, Aasebø E, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø, Hernandez-Valladares M. Monocytic Differentiation of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: A Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparison of FAB-M4/M5 Patients with and without Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5080. [PMID: 38791118 PMCID: PMC11121526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though morphological signs of differentiation have a minimal impact on survival after intensive cytotoxic therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), monocytic AML cell differentiation (i.e., classified as French/American/British (FAB) subtypes M4/M5) is associated with a different responsiveness both to Bcl-2 inhibition (decreased responsiveness) and possibly also bromodomain inhibition (increased responsiveness). FAB-M4/M5 patients are heterogeneous with regard to genetic abnormalities, even though monocytic differentiation is common for patients with Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) insertions/mutations; to further study the heterogeneity of FAB-M4/M5 patients we did a proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparison of FAB-M4/M5 patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 12) NPM1 mutations. The proteomic profile of NPM1-mutated FAB-M4/M5 patients was characterized by increased levels of proteins involved in the regulation of endocytosis/vesicle trafficking/organellar communication. In contrast, AML cells without NPM1 mutations were characterized by increased levels of several proteins involved in the regulation of cytoplasmic translation, including a large number of ribosomal proteins. The phosphoproteomic differences between the two groups were less extensive but reflected similar differences. To conclude, even though FAB classification/monocytic differentiation are associated with differences in responsiveness to new targeted therapies (e.g., Bcl-2 inhibition), our results shows that FAB-M4/M5 patients are heterogeneous with regard to important biological characteristics of the leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Selheim
- Proteomics Unit of University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (H.R.); (Ø.B.)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (H.R.); (Ø.B.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (H.R.); (Ø.B.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Proteomics Unit of University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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3
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Jerabkova-Roda K, Marwaha R, Das T, Goetz JG. Organelle morphology and positioning orchestrate physiological and disease-associated processes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102293. [PMID: 38096602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In cells, organelles are distributed nonrandomly to regulate cells' physiological and disease-associated processes. Based on their morphology, position within the cell, and contacts with other organelles, they exert different biological functions. Endo-lysosomes are critical cell metabolism and nutrient-sensing regulators modulating cell growth and cellular adaptation in response to nutrient availability. Their spatial distribution is intimately linked to their function. In this review, we will discuss the role of endolysosomes under physiological conditions and in the context of cancer progression, with a special focus on their morphology, the molecular mechanisms determining their subcellular position, and the contacts they form with other organelles. We aim to highlight the relationship between cell architecture and cell function and its impact on maintaining organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Rituraj Marwaha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
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Kumar R, Khan M, Francis V, Aguila A, Kulasekaran G, Banks E, McPherson PS. DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:919. [PMID: 38296963 PMCID: PMC10830484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function can cause disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened DENND6A, a member of the DENN domain protein family against all known Rabs and identified it as a potential GEF for 20 Rabs, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to lysosomes, promoting lysosome retrograde transport. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning. Loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Pfeiffer A, Bandara G, Petersen JD, Falduto GH, Zimmerberg J, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Activation of the receptor KIT induces the secretion of exosome-like small extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e139. [PMID: 38938682 PMCID: PMC11080788 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) are essential for human mast cell (huMC) survival and proliferation. HuMCs expressing oncogenic KIT variants secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The role KIT plays in regulating EV secretion has not been examined. Here, we investigated the effects of stimulation or inhibition of KIT activity on the secretion of small EVs (sEVs). In huMCs expressing constitutively active KIT, the quantity and quality of secreted sEVs positively correlated with the activity status of KIT. SCF-mediated stimulation of KIT in huMCs or murine MCs, or of transiently expressed KIT in HeLa cells, enhanced the release of sEVs expressing exosome markers. In contrast, ligand-mediated stimulation of the RTK EGFR in HeLa cells did not affect sEV secretion. The release of sEVs induced by either constitutively active or ligand-activated KIT was remarkably decreased when cells were treated with KIT inhibitors, concomitant with reduced exosome markers in sEVs. Similarly, inhibition of oncogenic KIT signalling kinases like PI3K, and MAPK significantly reduced the secretion of sEVs. Thus, activation of KIT and its early signalling cascades stimulate the secretion of exosome-like sEVs in a regulated fashion, which may have implications for KIT-driven functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology SectionLaboratory of Allergic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Geethani Bandara
- Mast Cell Biology SectionLaboratory of Allergic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jennifer D. Petersen
- Section on Integrative BiophysicsDivision of Basic and Translational BiophysicsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Inherited Movement Disorders UnitNeurogenetics BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Guido H. Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology SectionLaboratory of Allergic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative BiophysicsDivision of Basic and Translational BiophysicsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology SectionLaboratory of Allergic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology SectionLaboratory of Allergic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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7
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Han YH, Mao YY, Lee KH, Cho HJ, Yu NN, Xing XY, Wang AG, Jin MH, Hong KS, Sun HN, Kwon T. Peroxiredoxin II regulates exosome secretion from dermal mesenchymal stem cells through the ISGylation signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:296. [PMID: 37864270 PMCID: PMC10588245 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play important roles in intercellular communication and have potential therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are a promising source of exosomes due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating exosome secretion from DMSCs are not fully understood. RESULTS In this study, the role of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) in regulating exosome secretion from DMSCs and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. It was discovered that depletion of Prx II led to a significant reduction in exosome secretion from DMSCs and an increase in the number of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which serve as precursors of exosomes. Mechanistically, Prx II regulates the ISGylation switch that controls MVB degradation and impairs exosome secretion. Specifically, Prx II depletion decreased JNK activity, reduced the expression of the transcription inhibitor Foxo1, and promoted miR-221 expression. Increased miR-221 expression inhibited the STAT signaling pathway, thus downregulating the expression of ISGylation-related genes involved in MVB degradation. Together, these results identify Prx II as a critical regulator of exosome secretion from DMSCs through the ISGylation signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating exosome secretion from DMSCs and highlight the critical role of Prx II in controlling the ISGylation switch that regulates DMSC-exosome secretion. This study has significant implications for developing new therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China.
| | - Ying-Ying Mao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Guo Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116041, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P.R. China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Piletic K, Alsaleh G, Simon AK. Autophagy orchestrates the crosstalk between cells and organs. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57289. [PMID: 37465980 PMCID: PMC10481659 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, it has become apparent that a deeper understanding of cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communication is necessary to fully comprehend both homeostatic and pathological states. Autophagy is indispensable for cellular development, function, and homeostasis. A crucial aspect is that autophagy can also mediate these processes through its secretory role. The autophagy-derived secretome relays its extracellular signals in the form of nutrients, proteins, mitochondria, and extracellular vesicles. These crosstalk mediators functionally shape cell fate decisions, tissue microenvironment and systemic physiology. The diversity of the secreted cargo elicits an equally diverse type of responses, which span over metabolic, inflammatory, and structural adaptations in disease and homeostasis. We review here the emerging role of the autophagy-derived secretome in the communication between different cell types and organs and discuss the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Piletic
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, NDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Max Delbrück CenterBerlinGermany
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