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Guo C, Zhang M, Jin X, Zhu C, Qian J, Tao M. Exploring the regulatory role of FBXL19-AS1 in triple-negative breast cancer through the miR-378a-3p/OTUB2 axis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4020. [PMID: 38702967 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The regulatory potential of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FBXL19-AS1 has been highlighted in various cancers, but its effect on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of FBXL19-AS1 in TNBC and its underlying mechanism. RT-qPCR was employed to detect the expressions of FBXL19-AS1 and miR-378a-3p in tissues and cells. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were utilized to detect the expression levels of proteins. Cell activities were detected using flow cytometry, CCK-8, and transwell assay. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were deployed to investigate interactions of different molecules. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to analyze the downstream pathway. In vivo xenograft model was conducted to detect the effect of FBXL19-AS1 on tumor growth. FBXL19-AS1 was overexpressed in TNBC tissues and cell lines compared with counterparts. FBXL19-AS1 knockdown suppressed TNBC cell activities, whereas its overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, FBXL19-AS1 was found to interact with miR-378a-3p. Further analysis revealed that miR-378a-3p exerted tumor-suppressive effects in TNBC cells. Additionally, miR-378a-3p targeted and downregulated the expression of ubiquitin aldehyde binding 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinase associated with TNBC progression. In vivo experiments substantiated the inhibitory effects of FBXL19-AS1 knockdown on TNBC tumorigenesis, and a miR-378a-3p inhibitor partially rescued these effects. The downstream pathway of the miR-378a-3p/OTUB2 axis was explored, revealing connections with proteins involved in modifying other proteins, removing ubiquitin molecules, and influencing signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway. Western blot analysis confirmed changes in YAP and TAZ expression levels, indicating a potential regulatory network. In summary, FBXL19-AS1 promotes exacerbation in TNBC by suppressing miR-378a-3p, leading to increased OTUB2 expression. The downstream mechanism may be related to the Hippo signaling pathway. These findings propose potential therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sánchez B. LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould SJ. Endocytosis blocks the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi9156. [PMID: 38718108 PMCID: PMC11078179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction. Furthermore, we show that syntenin, a previously described exosome biogenesis factor, drives the vesicular secretion of CD63 by blocking CD63 endocytosis and that other endocytosis inhibitors also induce the plasma membrane accumulation and vesicular secretion of CD63. Finally, we show that CD63 is an expression-dependent inhibitor of endocytosis that triggers the vesicular secretion of lysosomal proteins and the clathrin adaptor AP-2 mu2. These results suggest that the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins in exosome-sized vesicles occurs primarily by an endocytosis-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura S. Sánchez B.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Shodubi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shankar Raghunandan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junhao Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Rodon J, Rodriguez E, Maitland ML, Tsai FYC, Socinski MA, Berlin JD, Thomas JS, Al Baghdadi T, Wang IM, Guo C, Golmakani M, Clark LN, Gazdoiu M, Li M, Tolcher AW. A phase I study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PF-06939999 (PRMT5 inhibitor) in patients with selected advanced or metastatic tumors with high incidence of splicing factor gene mutations. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102961. [PMID: 38640748 PMCID: PMC11047177 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) methylates multiple substrates dysregulated in cancer, including spliceosome machinery components. PF-06939999 is a selective small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I dose-escalation and -expansion trial (NCT03854227) enrolled patients with selected solid tumors. PF-06939999 was administered orally once or twice a day (q.d./b.i.d.) in 28-day cycles. The objectives were to evaluate PF-06939999 safety and tolerability to identify maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended part 2 dose (RP2D), and assess pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics [changes in plasma symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels], and antitumor activities. RESULTS In part 1 dose escalation, 28 patients received PF-06939999 (0.5 mg q.d. to 6 mg b.i.d.). Four of 24 (17%) patients reported dose-limiting toxicities: thrombocytopenia (n = 2, 6 mg b.i.d.), anemia (n = 1, 8 mg q.d.), and neutropenia (n = 1, 6 mg q.d.). PF-06939999 exposure increased with dose. Steady-state PK was achieved by day 15. Plasma SDMA was reduced at steady state (58%-88%). Modulation of plasma SDMA was dose dependent. No MTD was determined. In part 2 dose expansion, 26 patients received PF-06939999 6 mg q.d. (RP2D). Overall (part 1 + part 2), the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events included anemia (28%), thrombocytopenia/platelet count decreased (22%), fatigue (6%), and neutropenia (4%). Three patients (6.8%) had confirmed partial response (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, n = 1; non-small-cell lung cancer, n = 2), and 19 (43.2%) had stable disease. No predictive biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSIONS PF-06939999 demonstrated a tolerable safety profile and objective clinical responses in a subset of patients, suggesting that PRMT5 is an interesting cancer target with clinical validation. However, no predictive biomarker was identified. The role of PRMT5 in cancer biology is complex and requires further preclinical, mechanistic investigation to identify predictive biomarkers for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
| | - E Rodriguez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami
| | - M L Maitland
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute and University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fairfax
| | - F Y-C Tsai
- Hematology/Oncology, HonorHealth, Scottsdale
| | | | - J D Berlin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville
| | - J S Thomas
- Division of Medical Oncology - Head and Neck, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
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Guo C, Sachithanandham J, Zhong W, Craney M, Villano J, Pekosz A, Gould SJ. Antigen-display exosomes provide adjuvant-free protection against SARS-CoV-2 disease at nanogram levels of spike protein. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.04.574272. [PMID: 38328234 PMCID: PMC10849639 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As the only bionormal nanovesicle, exosomes have high potential as a nanovesicle for delivering vaccines and therapeutics. We show here that the loading of type-1 membrane proteins into the exosome membrane is induced by exosome membrane anchor domains, EMADs, that maximize protein delivery to the plasma membrane, minimize protein sorting to other compartments, and direct proteins into exosome membranes. Using SARS-CoV-2 spike as an example and EMAD13 as our most effective exosome membrane anchor, we show that cells expressing a spike-EMAD13 fusion protein produced exosomes that carry dense arrays of spike trimers on 50% of all exosomes. Moreover, we find that immunization with spike-EMAD13 exosomes induced strong neutralizing antibody responses and protected hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 disease at doses of just 0.5-5 ng of spike protein, without adjuvant, demonstrating that antigen-display exosomes are particularly immunogenic, with important implications for both structural and expression-dependent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jaiprasath Sachithanandham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Morgan Craney
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jason Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Zhang WB, Guo C, Wu Y. Concentric macular rings in a patient with foveal hypoplasia. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:1267-1268. [PMID: 37620199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W-B Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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6
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Wang G, Liu Q, Chen G, Xia B, Zeng D, Chen G, Guo C. AI's deep dive into complex pediatric inguinal hernia issues: a challenge to traditional guidelines? Hernia 2023; 27:1587-1599. [PMID: 37843604 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study utilized ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence program based on large language models, to explore controversial issues in pediatric inguinal hernia surgery and compare its responses with the guidelines of the European Association of Pediatric Surgeons (EUPSA). METHODS Six contentious issues raised by EUPSA were submitted to ChatGPT 4.0 for analysis, for which two independent responses were generated for each issue. These generated answers were subsequently compared with systematic reviews and guidelines. To ensure content accuracy and reliability, a content analysis was conducted, and expert evaluations were solicited for validation. Content analysis evaluated the consistency or discrepancy between ChatGPT 4.0's responses and the guidelines. An expert scoring method assess the quality, reliability, and applicability of responses. The TF-IDF model tested the stability and consistency of the two responses. RESULTS The responses generated by ChatGPT 4.0 were mostly consistent with the guidelines. However, some differences and contradictions were noted. The average quality score was 3.33, reliability score was 2.75, and applicability score was 3.46 (out of 5). The average similarity between the two responses was 0.72 (out of 1), Content analysis and expert ratings yielded consistent conclusions, enhancing the credibility of our research. CONCLUSION ChatGPT can provide valuable responses to clinical questions, but it has limitations and requires further improvement. It is recommended to combine ChatGPT with other reliable data sources to improve clinical practice and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
| | - C Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Rd., Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Fetus and Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Patel S, Ghebre R, Dwivedi R, Macheledt K, Watson S, Duffy B, Rogers E, Pusalavidyasagar S, Guo C, Misono S, Evans M, Lingras K, Kunin-Batson A, McCarty C, Sandoval-Garcia C, Nakib N, Johnson C, Barker S, Hutto S, Church A, Vezys V, Girard A, Spencer S, Berge J. Academic clinician frontline-worker wellbeing and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic experience: Were there gender differences? Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102517. [PMID: 38116283 PMCID: PMC10728464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research suggests COVID-19 has amplified stress on Academic Clinician Frontline-Workers (ACFW). The aim of this paper is: (1) to better understand the experiences of ACFW during the COVID-19 pandemic including their mental-emotional wellbeing, academic productivity, clinical experiences, and (2) to examine any gender differences. A cross-sectional survey was administered to University of Minnesota/M Health Fairview systems' faculty February-June 2021. Of the 291 respondents, 156 were clinicians, with 91 (58 %) identifying as Frontline-Workers (ACFW). Faculty wellbeing was assessed using validated measures in addition to measures of productivity and sociodemographics. For example, ACFW reported a higher Work-Family Conflict (WFC) scores compared to non-ACFW (26.5 vs. 24.1, p = 0.057) but did not report higher Family-Work Conflict (FWC) scores (17.7 vs. 16.3, p = 0.302). Gender sub-analyses, revealed that women ACFW compared to men ACFW reported higher WFC scores (27.7 vs. 24.1, p = 0.021) and FWC (19.3 vs. 14.3, p = 0.004). Academically, ACFW reported submitting fewer grants and anticipated delays in promotion and tenure due to the COVID-19 (p = 0.035). Results suggest COVID-19 has exacerbated ACFW stress and gender inequities. Reports of anticipated delay in promotion for ACFW may pose a challenge for the long-term academic success of ACFW, especially women ACFW. In addition, women may experience higher FWC and WFC as compared to men. Schools of academic medicine should consider re-evaluating promotion/tenure processes and creating resources to support women ACFW as well as ACFW caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I. Patel
- Department of Neurology, lead of Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science, and member of the DEI Council at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R. Ghebre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Associate Director for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion at Masonic Cancer Center and a member of the Retention and Recruitment Action Group in the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R. Dwivedi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Mentoring Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K. Macheledt
- Center for Women’s Health Research at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S. Watson
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science and Program Coordinator for the Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B.L. Duffy
- Department of Medicine and a member of the Retention and Recruitment Action Group in the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E.A. Rogers
- Departments of Medicine and of Pediatrics, and member of the Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group in the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S. Pusalavidyasagar
- Department of Medicine and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Mentoring Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - C. Guo
- Department of Radiology and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Strategic Communications and Collaborations Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S. Misono
- Department of Otolaryngology and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Mentoring Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M.D. Evans
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K. Lingras
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and a member of the Retention and Recruitment Action Group in the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A. Kunin-Batson
- Department of Pediatrics and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C.A. McCarty
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health and Associate Dean for Research at the Duluth campus of the University of Minnesota, USA
| | - C. Sandoval-Garcia
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - N. Nakib
- Female Urology and Urodynamics in the Department of Urology, and the Strategic Communications and Collaborations Action Group Lead for the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C. Johnson
- University of Minnesota and an MPH student at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - S. Barker
- Department of Radiology and a member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S. Hutto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health and a member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A.L. Church
- Department of Radiology and the Mentoring Action Group Lead for the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V. Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, a member of the Center for Immunology and a member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A. Girard
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health and member of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science Salary, Resource, and Leadership Equity Action Group at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S. Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology and the Retention and Recruitment Action Group Lead for the Center for Women in Medicine and Science at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J.M. Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Director of the Center for Women in Medicine and Science, and Director of the Women’s Health Research Program/Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) Program at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Hou Y, Zhao D, Yang X, Guo C, Wen M, Bao J, Qu G, Meng H. Recent advances and pathological mechanisms in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in the treatment of bone tumors (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:198. [PMID: 37772391 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the recent advances that have been made with photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) (PDT/SDT; also known as SPDT), the application of this combination therapy in the clinic has provided another major breakthrough in the medical field, especially with regard to the treatment of deep tumors. Concerning its application in the treatment of bone tumors, numerous pathological mechanisms have been taken advantage of to overcome the barrier of tissue hypoxia, and SPDT is expected to achieve radical effects, with high penetration depth and low aggressiveness. In the present review, it is comprehensively shown how, according to the histoanatomy of bone tumors, PDT and SDT target cells in a coordinated manner, affecting such processes as necrotizing apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis on the macroscopic level, and crucially, thrombosis at the vascular level, which leads to the triggering of immunogenic cell death in local and distant locations. Additionally, PDT and SDT have been shown to have roles in: i) degrading the extracellular matrix; ii) influencing the receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB (RANK)/RANK ligand signaling pathway; iii) disrupting the equilibrium between glutathione peroxidase 4 and reactive oxygen species (ROS); and iv) destroying the microscopic structure of the bone tumor. Upon PDT/SDT stimulation, several mechanisms act in concert to ensure that the targeted bone tumor is eliminated. Furthermore, widely distributed ROS have been revealed to promote osteoclast formation and osteogenic mineralization through the regulation of macrophages, processes that greatly improve the effects of postoperative repair. Finally, the developmental prospects of bone tumor engineering in the future are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Hou
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Meina Wen
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guofan Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Lin L, Mo Z, Xiao J, Kou J, Guo C, He SM, Zhang W, Sun Y. Identification and Automated Delineation of Radioresistant Biological Tumor Volume in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e598-e599. [PMID: 37785804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Widespread use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has improved the tumor control rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, nearly 20% of the patients with local-advanced NPC would relapse after precise irradiation and 80% of the recurrent lesions occur within the high dose field, suggesting that there are radiation-resistant cancer cell subsets within the tumor. In this context, identification and contouring of radiation resistance region of NPC for dose escalation at primary IMRT could be advantageous. In this work, we proposed a two-step radiomics workflow to predict local relapse and the recurrent region of NPC before primary IMRT. MATERIALS/METHODS In this single-center, retrospective study, pre-treatment magnetic resonance (MR) sequences of T1-weighted imaging (T1-w) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CET1-w) were collected from 800 patients of newly diagnosed and non-metastatic NPC between April 2009 and December 2015. The primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) of all patients and the actual recurrent lesion (GTVr) of patients who suffered from local recurrence were manually contoured for further analysis. A two-step complete radiomics workflow was designed to predict tumor recurrence and segment the region. First, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was utilized for radiomics features selection of GTVp and support vector machine (SVM) was adopted to predict the recurrence. If the model predicts a recurrence, then the workflow utilizes an improved 3D U-Net to segment the recurrent region. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of tumor recurrence prediction, and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to assess the consistence between the actual and predicted GTVr. RESULTS Of 800 NPC patients, 95 (11.9%) patients developed in-field local recurrence. For recurrence risk prediction, the SVM ensemble model (T1-w+CET1-w) was selected for further application with higher sensitivity. The average ROC-AUC, specificity, sensitivity of the SVM ensemble model in a 5-fold cross-validation and in the independent test set of 160 patients were 0.922, 0.922, 0.777 and 0.928, 0.915, 0.737, respectively. Moreover, for recurrent region segmentation, the multi-modality (T1-w+CET1-w) model was superior to the single-modality (T1-w or CET1-w) model. In an independent test set of 15 patients, the DSC, sensitivity and 95% Hausdorff Distance between actual and predicted GTVr was 0.549±0.176, 0.696±0.118 and 9.813±4.788 which was superior to 0.444±0.188, 0.497±0.218 and 12.047±5.361 of original 3D U-Net. CONCLUSION The proposed two-step radiomics workflow showed a good performance in predicting tumor recurrence of NPC. The predicted location of the recurrence lesion was all accurate, but there was still a certain difference between the volume of the automated delineated and actual GTVr, which needed to be further optimized to be used as biological tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Mo
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Xiao
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Kou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M He
- United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Lin L, Wei Z, Jia LC, Guo C, Zhou GQ, Yang YX, He SM, Zhang W, Sun Y. Automated Contouring of Cervical Lymph Nodes and Clinical Target Volumes for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Deep Learning and Experience Constraints. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e598. [PMID: 37785805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Application of artificial intelligence (AI) for automated contouring of tumor volumes and organs at risk (OARs) for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) leads to improved contouring accuracy and efficiency. However, few studies have involved the automated contouring of gross tumor volume of cervical lymph nodes (GTVn) and clinical target volumes (CTVs). In this work, we proposed an AI automated contouring tool for GTVn and CTVs for radiotherapy of NPC on the plain scans of planning compute tomography (CT). MATERIALS/METHODS In this retrospective study, plain scan datasets of planning CT covering the nasopharynx and neck from 139 patients with NPC between March 2022 and December 2022 were collected and divided into training, validation, and testing cohorts of 95, 24, and 20 patients, respectively. Ground truth contours of primary gross tumor volume (GTVp), GTVn (divided into GTVn_L in left neck and GTVn_R in right neck), CTVs (including high risk CTV1 contains GTVp and low risk CTV2 contains GTVp and cervical nodal levels) and OARs were delineated and were defined by consensus of two experts. We first proposed a three-dimensional (3D) U-net using GTVp and OARs as experience constrains to guide the automated delineation of GTVn and CTVs. The average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and average surface distance (ASD) were used to quantify the performance of the AI tool. Next, five prospective patients were enrolled for clinical evaluation of our AI tool. DSC between automated contours and radiation oncologist-revised contours and time consuming of the revision were record. RESULTS Clinical characteristics of 139 retrospective and 5 prospective patients are list in Table 1. In the independent testing set of 20 patients, our AI tool showed high performance in GTVn and CTVs contouring when compared with the ground truth contours. The mean DSC were 0.73 ± 0.07, 0.74 ± 0.05, 0.93 ± 0.03, and 0.88 ± 0.03, and the mean ASD were 1.01 ± 0.43 mm, 1.14 ± 0.61 mm, 0.51 ± 0.13 mm, 1.17 ± 0.43 mm for GTVn_L, GTVn_R, CTV1 and CTV2, respectively. In the five prospective patients, mean DSC were 0.74 ± 0.07, 0.74 ± 0.10, 0.95 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.04, respectively. The median time consuming for GTVn and CTVs revision was 2minutes and 10 seconds (range, 1 minutes to 3 minutes). CONCLUSION The proposed AI tool integrating clinical experience as constrains showed high accuracy for contouring GTVn and CTVs of NPC. With the assistance of AI contours, contouring efficiency could be probably increased, which is promising in online adaptive radiotherapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wei
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - L C Jia
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - C Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Q Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y X Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M He
- United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Luo X, Zhou R, Dai Z, Guo C, Qu G, Li J, Zhang Z. The axial and sagittal CT values of the 7th thoracic vertebrae in screening for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:763-771. [PMID: 37573241 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the difference in computed tomography (CT) attenuation value of different planes of the 7th thoracic vertebra and investigate the efficacy of axial and sagittal vertebral CT measurements in predicting osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent routine chest CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within 1 month were included in this retrospective study. The CT attenuation values of different planes were compared. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyse the difference of each plane in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. RESULTS The study included 1,338 patients (mean age of 61.9±11.9; 54% female). The CT attenuation values decreased successively in the normal group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group. The paired t-test results showed that the mid-axial measurements were greater than mid-sagittal measurements, with a mean difference of 9 HU, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.8-10.1). For each one-unit reduction in mid-sagittal CT attenuation value, the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis increased by 3.6%. To distinguish osteoporosis from non-osteoporosis (osteopenia + normal), the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity was 52.4% at the mid-sagittal threshold of 113.7 HU. CONCLUSIONS The CT attenuation values of mid-sagittal plane have higher diagnostic efficacy than axial planes in predicting osteoporosis. For patients with a sagittal CT attenuation value of <113.7 HU in the T7, further DXA examination is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - R Zhou
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Z Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - G Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
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12
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Dong S, Liu S, Gao Q, Shi J, Song K, Wu Y, Liu H, Guo C, Huang Y, Du S, Li X, Ge L, Yu J. Interleukin-17D produced by alveolar epithelial type II cells alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1499-1512. [PMID: 37708335 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis engenders an imbalance in the body's inflammatory response, with cytokines assuming a pivotal role in its progression. A relatively recent addition to the interleukin-17 family, denominated interleukin-17D (IL-17D), is notably abundant within pulmonary confines. Nevertheless, its implication in sepsis remains somewhat enigmatic. The present study endeavors to scrutinize the participation of IL-17D in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS The levels of IL-17D in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of both healthy cohorts and septic patients were ascertained through an ELISA protocol. For the creation of a sepsis-induced ALI model, intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections were administered to male C57/BL6 mice. Subsequently, we examined the fluctuations and repercussions associated with IL-17D in sepsis-induced ALI, probing its interrelation with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), alveolar epithelial permeability, and heme oxygenase-1. RESULTS IL-17D levels exhibited significant reduction both in the serum and BALF of septic patients (P<0.001). Similar observations manifested in mice subjected to LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) (P=0.002). Intraperitoneal administration of recombinant interleukin 17D protein (rIL-17D) prompted increased expression of claudin 18 and concomitant enhancement of alveolar epithelial permeability, thus, culminating in improved lung injury (P<0.001). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells were identified as the source of IL-17D, regulated by Nrf2. Furthermore, a deficiency in HO-1 yielded elevated IL-17D levels (P=0.004), albeit administration of rIL-17D ameliorated the exacerbated pulmonary damage resulting from HO-1 deficiency. CONCLUSION Nrf2 fosters IL-17D production within AT II cells, thereby conferring a protective role in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixiu Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Carruthers NJ, Guo C, Gill R, Stemmer PM, Rosenspire AJ. Mercury intoxication disrupts tonic signaling in B cells, and may promote autoimmunity due to abnormal phosphorylation of STIM-1 and other autoimmunity risk associated phosphoproteins involved in BCR signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116607. [PMID: 37348680 PMCID: PMC10534200 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link exposure to mercury with autoimmune disease. Unfortunately, in spite of considerable effort, no generally accepted mechanistic understanding of how mercury functions with respect to the etiology of autoimmune disease is currently available. Nevertheless, autoimmune disease often arises because of defective B cell signaling. Because B cell signaling is dependent on phosphorylation cascades, in this report, we have focused on how mercury intoxication alters phosphorylation of B cell proteins in antigen-non stimulated (tonic) mouse (BALB/c) splenic B cells. Specifically, we utilized mass spectrometric techniques to conduct a comprehensive unbiased global analysis of the effect of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) on the entire B cell phosphoproteome. We found that the effects were pleotropic in the sense that large numbers of pathways were impacted. However, confirming our earlier work, we found that the B cell signaling pathway stood out from the rest, in that phosphoproteins which had sites which were affected by Hg2+, exhibited a much higher degree of connectivity, than components of other pathways. Further analysis showed that many of these BCR pathway proteins had been previously linked to autoimmune disease. Finally, dose response analysis of these BCR pathway proteins showed STIM1_S575, and NFAT2_S259 are the two most Hg2+ sensitive of these sites. Because STIM1_S575 controls the ability of STIM1 to regulate internal Ca2+, we speculate that STIM1 may be the initial point of disruption, where Hg2+ interferes with B cell signaling leading to systemic autoimmunity, with the molecular effects pleiotropically propagated throughout the cell by virtue of Ca2+ dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - C Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - R Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - P M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - A J Rosenspire
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sánchez B LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould SJ. Syntenin and CD63 Promote Exosome Biogenesis from the Plasma Membrane by Blocking Cargo Endocytosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.26.542409. [PMID: 37292617 PMCID: PMC10245948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles important in health and disease. Syntenin is thought to drive the endosomal biogenesis of CD63 exosomes by recruiting Alix and the ESCRT machinery to endosome-localized CD63. We find instead that syntenin blocks CD63 endocytosis, allowing CD63 to accumulate at the plasma membrane, thereby increasing its direct budding from the plasma membrane. Consistent with this model, we show that specific and general inhibitors of endocytosis induce the exosomal secretion of CD63 and that endocytosis signals inhibit the vesicular secretion of exosome cargo proteins. Furthermore, we show that CD63 is itself a competitive inhibitor of AP-2-mediated endocytosis, driving the plasma membrane accumulation and exosomal secretion of itself and other lysosome membrane proteins. Our results support the hypothesis that highly-enriched exosome cargo proteins bud primarily from the plasma membrane, that endocytosis inhibits their loading into exosomes, and that syntenin and CD63 regulate the loading of lysosomal proteins into exosomes by an Alix-independent modulation of endocytosis.
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Su K, Yao X, Guo C, Qian C, Wang Y, Ma X, Wang X, Yang Y. Solasodine suppresses the metastasis of gastric cancer through claudin-2 via the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110520. [PMID: 37121296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, and it has become the third most common malignant tumour in the world. Targeting metastasis has also become a key and difficult point in the treatment of GC. Solasodine is an active ingredient isolated from Solanum nigrumL. for the treatment of various cancers, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of solasodine in inhibiting GC. In vitro, we found that solasodine not only promoted cell death but also inhibited the migration and invasion of HGC27 and AGS cells. Solasodine regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced the expression of claudin-2 (CLDN2). Moreover, overexpression of CLDN2 inhibited the prometastatic phenotype and EMT of GC, and solasodine recovered this phenotype. Furthermore, the knockdown of CLDN2 had the opposite effect. We also found that the AMPK activators metformin and AICAR activated phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the expression of RhoA and CLDN2, indicating that AMPK was the upstream regulator of CLDN2. Solasodine could also activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, solasodine may have prevented EMT by modulating the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB/CLDN2 signalling pathway. In vivo, we established a xenograft model to investigate the phosphorylation of AMPK and the expression of CLDN2 from tumour tissues, and we found that solasodine inhibited tumour growth through AMPK-CLDN2 pathway. To sum up, solasodine prevented EMT by modulating the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB/CLDN2 signalling pathway, becoming a new solution for inhibiting GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Su
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xuan Yao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Jingxin Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 201805, China.
| | - Chunmei Qian
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiying Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Ma
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Fan P, Lei R, Wang Y, Zhang M, Guo C, Fan L, Wang J. WCN23-0135 IMG-025, EXHIBITS PROMISING POTENTIAL IN AMELIORATING IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY VIA INHIBITION OF LECTIN-MEDIATED COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Kidney Int Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Li SQ, Guo C, Wang XS, Hou YF, Li JT, Zhang HQ. [Correlation between gene polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands and Graves' disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:344-349. [PMID: 36740392 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220629-01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between gene polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and its ligand-specific human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) and Graves' disease (GD). Methods: Case-control study. A total of 118 unrelated GD patients (GD group) admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017 and 108 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (healthy control group) were included. The KIR genotype and its ligand HLA-C allele were detected by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The distribution of KIR/HLA-C gene combination in GD patients and control population was analyzed to explore its association with the occurrence of GD. Results: In GD group, there were 29 males and 89 females, aged (38±14) years. In the healthy control group, there were 28 males and 80 females, aged (37±13) years. Compared with the healthy control group, the occurrence frequency of HLA-Cw01 was higher in GD group[36.4%(43/118) vs 18.5%(20/108), P=0.003], and the occurrence frequency of HLA-Cw03 and HLA-Cw06 was lower in GD group[11.9%(14/118) vs 39.8%(43/108), P<0.001; 9.3%(11/118) vs 18.5%(20/108), P=0.045]. The frequency of KIR2DL1/HLA-C2 gene combination in GD group was lower than that in control group [17.8%(21/118) vs 34.3%(37/108), P=0.005]. Logistic regression analysis showed that KIR2DL1/HLA-C2 gene combination was a protective factor for GD occurrence (OR=0.308, 95%CI: 0.126-0.752, P=0.010). Conclusions: The polymorphism of KIR/HLA-C gene is related to GD. The low expression of KIR2DL1/HLA-C2 in GD patients may be a protective factor for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272000, China
| | - X S Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Y F Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - J T Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - H Q Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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Guo C, Tsai SJ, Ai Y, Li M, Anaya E, Pekosz A, Cox A, Gould SJ. The D614G mutation redirects SARS-CoV-2 spike to lysosomes and suppresses deleterious traits of the furin cleavage site insertion mutation. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eade5085. [PMID: 36563151 PMCID: PMC9788772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) egress occurs by lysosomal exocytosis. We show that the Spike D614G mutation enhances Spike trafficking to lysosomes, drives Spike-mediated reprogramming of lysosomes, and reduces cell surface Spike expression by ~3-fold. D614G is not a human-specific adaptation. Rather, it is an adaptation to the earlier furin cleavage site insertion (FCSI) mutation that occurred at the genesis of SARS-CoV-2. While advantageous to the virus, furin cleavage of spike has deleterious effects on spike structure and function, inhibiting its trafficking to lysosomes and impairing its infectivity by the transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2)-independent, endolysosomal pathway. D614G restores spike trafficking to lysosomes and enhances the earliest events in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, while spike mutations that restore SARS-CoV-2's TMPRSS2-independent infectivity restore spike's trafficking to lysosomes. Together, these and other results show that D614G is an intragenic suppressor of deleterious traits linked to the FCSI and lend additional support to the endolysosomal model of SARS-CoV-2 egress and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shang-Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maggie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eduardo Anaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea Cox
- Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Zhang J, Liu L, Wang G, Zhao K, Guo C, Li S. Letter re: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone in surgically treated stage III/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective single-center cohort study. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100535. [PMID: 36156448 PMCID: PMC9512834 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - G Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - K Zhao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - C Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Guo C, Ji H. EP14.02-005 Therapeutic targeting Mevalonate-Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Pathway with Statins Overcomes Chemotherapy-resistance in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Liu X, Guo C, Xiong Y, Cao L, Bing Z, Song Y, Gao C, Tian Z, Lin Y, Xu Y, Xue J, Li B, Huang Z, Yang X, Cao Z, Li J, Jiang X, Si X, Zhang L, Song M, Zhou Z, Chen R, Li S, Yang H, Liang N. EP16.01-017 T-cell Repertoire Heterogeneity and Homogeneity in Synonymous Multiple Primary Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Fordjour FK, Guo C, Ai Y, Daaboul GG, Gould SJ. A shared, stochastic pathway mediates exosome protein budding along plasma and endosome membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102394. [PMID: 35988652 PMCID: PMC9512851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of ∼30 to 150 nm that are secreted by all cells, abundant in all biofluids, and play important roles in health and disease. However, details about the mechanism of exosome biogenesis are unclear. Here, we carried out a cargo-based analysis of exosome cargo protein biogenesis in which we identified the most highly enriched exosomal cargo proteins and then followed their biogenesis, trafficking, and exosomal secretion to test different hypotheses for how cells make exosomes. We show that exosome cargo proteins bud from cells (i) in exosome-sized vesicles regardless of whether they are localized to plasma or endosome membranes, (ii) ∼5-fold more efficiently when localized to the plasma membrane, (iii) ∼5-fold less efficiently when targeted to the endosome membrane, (iv) by a stochastic process that leads to ∼100-fold differences in their abundance from one exosome to another, and (v) independently of small GTPase Rab27a, the ESCRT complex–associated protein Alix, or the cargo protein CD63. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cells use a shared, stochastic mechanism to bud exosome cargoes along the spectrum of plasma and endosome membranes and far more efficiently from the plasma membrane than the endosome. Our observations also indicate that the pronounced variation in content between different exosome-sized vesicles is an inevitable consequence of a stochastic mechanism of small vesicle biogenesis, that the origin membrane of exosome-sized extracellular vesicles simply cannot be determined, and that most of what we currently know about exosomes has likely come from studies of plasma membrane-derived vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis K Fordjour
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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23
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Ho GWK, Liu H, Karatzias T, Hyland P, Cloitre M, Lueger-Schuster B, Brewin CR, Guo C, Wang X, Shevlin M. Validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) in a Chinese mental health service seeking adolescent sample. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:66. [PMID: 35962396 PMCID: PMC9375312 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) is a self-report measure that assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the diagnostic formulation of the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This study aimed to provide a Chinese translation and psychometric evaluation of the ITQ-CA using a sample of mental-health service seeking adolescents in Mainland China. METHODS The ITQ-CA was translated and back-translated from English to simplified Chinese and finalized with consensus from an expert panel. Adolescents ages 12-17 were recruited via convenience sampling from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Mainland China. Participants completed the ITQ-CA; measures of four criterion variables (depression, anxiety, stress, adverse childhood experiences); and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Construct validity, concurrent validity, and comparison of PTSD caseness between ICD-11 and DSM-5 measures were assessed. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 111 Chinese adolescents (78% female; mean age of 15.23), all diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the two-factor second-order model provided optimal fit. All criterion variables were positively and significant correlated with the six ITQ-CA symptom cluster summed scores. In the present sample, 69 participants (62.16%) met symptom criteria for ICD-PTSD or CPTSD using the ITQ-CA, and 73 participants (65.77%) met caseness for DSM-5 PTSD using the PCL-5. Rates of PTSD symptom cluster endorsement and caseness deriving from both diagnostic systems were comparable. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese ITQ-CA has acceptable psychometric properties and confers additional benefits in identifying complex presentations of trauma-related responses in younger people seeking mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. W. K. Ho
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - H. Liu
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - T. Karatzias
- grid.20409.3f000000012348339XSchool of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.39489.3f0000 0001 0388 0742Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P. Hyland
- grid.95004.380000 0000 9331 9029Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - M. Cloitre
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA ,grid.280747.e0000 0004 0419 2556National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - B. Lueger-Schuster
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. R. Brewin
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Guo
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X. Wang
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - M. Shevlin
- grid.12641.300000000105519715School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
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24
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Liu J, Guo C. [The influence of differential parenting in early life on the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly women]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:960-965. [PMID: 35899349 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210810-00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the influence of differential parenting in early life on the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly women, and analyze the mediating effect of early life health. Methods: Based on 8 204 women aged 45-84 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, the life course survey data of CHARLS 2014 were matched by ID number. Logistic regression analysis models were used to analyze the direct impact of differential parenting in early life on chronic diseases and depression of middle-aged and elderly women, and the KHB method was used to analyze the mediating effect of early life health. Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly women was 81.05% and the detection rate of depression among them was 41.46%. After adjusting for other confounding factors, parents' preference for boys in early life increased the possibility of chronic diseases of middle-aged and elderly women by 18.2% (OR=1.182, 95%CI: 1.013-1.381). Compared with the women whose parents had no differential upbringing in early life, the parents' preference for boys or brothers/sisters in early life increased the possibility of depression in middle-aged and elderly women by 16.1% (OR=1.161, 95%CI:1.030-1.309) and 17.4% (OR=1.174, 95%CI:1.032-1.336),respectly. Early life health was one of the mediating factors that parents' preference for brothers and sisters could affect the mental health status of middle-aged and elderly women, and the mediating effect accounted for 8.603% of the total effect. Conclusion: Differential parenting in early life may have an impact on the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly women. Differential parenting could affect the early life health status of women, and then affect the mental health in their middle and old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Li F, Wen H, Bukhari I, Liu B, Guo C, Ren F, Tang Y, Mi Y, Zheng P. Relationship Between CNVs and Immune Cells Infiltration in Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. Front Genet 2022; 13:869967. [PMID: 35754804 PMCID: PMC9214698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.869967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly fatal and common malignancy of the digestive system. Recent therapeutic advancements have significantly improved the clinical outcomes in GC, but due to the unavailability of suitable molecular targets, a large number of patients do not respond to the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy. To identify and validate potential therapeutic and prognostic targets of gastric cancer, we used the “inferCNV” R package for analyzing single-cell sequencing data (GSE112302) of GC and normal epithelial cells. First, by using LASSO, we screened genes that were highly correlated with copy number variations (CNVs). Therefrom, five gene signature (CPVL, DDC, GRTP1, ONECUT2, and PRSS21) was selected by cross-validating the prognosis and risk management with the GC RNA-seq data obtained from GEO and TCGA. Moreover, the correlation analyses between CNVs of these genes and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer identified CPVL as a potential prognostic marker. Finally, CPVL showed high expression in gastric cancer samples and cell lines, then siRNA-mediated silencing of CPVL expression in gastric cancer cells showed significant proliferation arrest in MGC803 cells. Here, we conclude that CNVs are key regulators of the immune cells infiltration in gastric TME as well as cancer development, and CPVL could potentially be used as a prognostic and therapeutic marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - FeiFei Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Ho HC, Sim T, Guo C. Association between awareness of vulnerability and disaster preparedness in an infrastructure-resilient city: a population-based study. Public Health 2022; 209:23-29. [PMID: 35777090 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Factors associated with an individual's awareness of vulnerability can be modified by the infrastructure of a city. These factors may impact disaster preparedness among local populations in an infrastructure-resilient city, which further influences the health risks of various population subgroups. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-based study. METHODS Four population subgroups, which have previously been reported to be related to awareness of vulnerability (i.e. past experiences, sociodemographic deprivation, poor housing conditions and family medical needs), were analysed for their impacts on disaster preparedness. Validated population-based phone interviews (n = 856) were conducted in Hong Kong. Three types of disaster preparedness were studied: (1) physical preparedness; (2) social preparedness; and (3) education preparedness. RESULTS Previous experience of social hazards, accidental hazards and epidemics increased disaster preparedness among the local population. Specifically, experiences of accidental hazards and social hazards were positively associated with physical preparedness (odds ratios 1.626, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.215, 2.172) and 1.501 [95% CI 1.114, 2.024], respectively). However, experiences of natural hazards did not increase preparedness, even in Hong Kong, which is a city with high 'disaster resilience' because of its well-developed infrastructure. Moreover, individuals with a low educational level or low income had lower education preparedness, unmarried individuals had lower social preparedness, and poor housing conditions of non-private-housing households had negative associations with education preparedness. These findings partially align with local disaster responses to the 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut, the 2019 social unrest and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, all of which were observed after the 2018 survey reported in this study. CONCLUSIONS Social and environmental interventions should be targeted to marginalised subpopulations through location-based community strategies to encourage increased environmental knowledge and participation in disaster preparedness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ho
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - T Sim
- S R Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - C Guo
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Liu J, Guo C, Zhou W. [Effect of childhood living environment sanitation on chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly rural residents]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:898-905. [PMID: 35725348 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210810-00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of childhood living environment sanitation on the prevalence of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly rural residents and test the mediating product of childhood health status. Methods: Based on the data of 12 506 rural residents jointly interviewed by the latest survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) in 2018 and the life course survey in 2014, the χ2 test, Rank sum test, logistic regression analysis model, Propensity score weighting method, negative binomial regression model and KHB analysis method were used for analysis. Results: After adjusting for other confounding factors, compared with rural residents with better living environment sanitation in childhood, the risk of asthma in middle-aged and elderly rural residents with poor childhood living environment sanitation increased by 23.7% (OR=1.237,95%CI: 1.060-1.445), and the risk of liver disease, kidney disease, and digestive system disease increased by 16.4% (OR=1.164,95%CI: 1.006-1.347) and 22.4% (OR=1.224,95%CI: 1.083-1.383) and 19.6% (OR=1.196,95%CI: 1.103-1.296), the possibility of dyslipidemia and heart disease increased by 26.6% (OR=1.266,95%CI: 1.153-1.390) and 13.6% (OR=1.136,95%CI: 1.031-1.253). The negative binomial regression model analysis results show that, on average, the number of chronic diseases of middle-aged and elderly rural residents with poor living environment sanitation in childhood is 0.176 more than that of middle-aged and elderly rural residents with better living environment sanitation in childhood. Childhood health status played an intermediary role of 7.143%. Conclusion: There is a statistical correlation between residential environmental sanitation in childhood and the prevalence and number of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly rural residents. Childhood health status plays a partial intermediary role. Attention should be paid to the construction and management of rural residents' residential environment to provide a clean and hygienic growth environment for children and adolescents to promote the health of rural residents in the whole life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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28
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Guo C, Zheng K, Xie Z, Lu X, Wu S, Ye Q, He Y, Zhou Q, Sun E. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging as a quantitative tool for evaluating disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:e434-e441. [PMID: 35232574 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the correlations between four quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted images (IVIM DWI) and the semi-quantitative Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) score of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and five clinical activity indices in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). AND METHODS A total of 75 patients with axSpA and complete clinical activity indices and SIJ MRI were enrolled to this prospective study. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate correlations between MRI parameters and clinical activity indices after controlling for confounders. All data were further analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r). RESULTS Only pure diffusion coefficient (D) and incoherent perfusion related microcirculation (D∗) were found to be independently positively correlated with several clinical activity indices (all p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between D and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Patient Global Assessment (PGA), extent of influence of pain, with r of 0.605, 0.402, 0.319, and 0.485 (all p<0.0125). D∗ correlated positively with BASDAI, BASFI, and PGA (r=0.436, 0.356, 0.301, respectively; all p<0.0125). CONCLUSION D and D∗ derived from IVIM DWI could be associated with some disease activity indices in patients with axSpA; apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and SPARCC scores were not correlated with these indices. IVIM DWI may be a useful tool for the quantitative assessment of disease activity in patients with axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - K Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Z Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - X Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - S Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Q Ye
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - E Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
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Tsai SJ, Ai Y, Guo C, Gould SJ. Degron tagging of BleoR and other antibiotic-resistance genes selects for higher expression of linked transgenes and improved exosome engineering. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101846. [PMID: 35314197 PMCID: PMC9111990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Five antibiotic resistance (AR) genes have been used to select for transgenic eukaryotic cell lines, with the BleoR, PuroR, HygR, NeoR, and BsdR cassettes conferring resistance to zeocin, puromycin, hygromycin, geneticin/G418, and blasticidin, respectively. We recently demonstrated that each AR gene establishes a distinct threshold of transgene expression below which no cell can survive, with BleoR selecting for the highest level of transgene expression, nearly ∼10-fold higher than in cells selected using the NeoR or BsdR markers. Here, we tested the hypothesis that there may be an inverse proportionality between AR protein function and the expression of linked, transgene-encoded, recombinant proteins. Specifically, we fused each AR protein to proteasome-targeting degron tags, used these to select for antibiotic-resistant cell lines, and then measured the expression of the linked, recombinant protein, mCherry, as a proxy marker of transgene expression. In each case, degron-tagged AR proteins selected for higher mCherry expression than their cognate WT AR proteins. ER50BleoR selected for the highest level of mCherry expression, greater than twofold higher than BleoR or any other AR gene. Interestingly, use of ER50BleoR as the selectable marker translated to an even higher, 3.5-fold increase in the exosomal loading of the exosomal cargo protein, CD63/Y235A. Although a putative CD63-binding peptide, CP05, has been used to decorate exosome membranes in a technology known as "exosome painting," we show here that CP05 binds equally well to CD63-/- cells, WT 293F cells, and CD63-overexpressing cells, indicating that CP05 may bind membranes nonspecifically. These results are of high significance for cell engineering and especially for exosome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Bartlett ML, Suwanmanee S, Peart Akindele N, Ghimire S, Chan AK, Guo C, Gould SJ, Cox AL, Griffin DE. Continued Virus-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cell Production, Avidity Maturation and B Cell Evolution in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:259-272. [PMID: 35285743 PMCID: PMC9063170 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the development and sustainability of the virus-specific protective immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains incomplete with respect to the appearance and disappearance of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in circulation. Therefore, we performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma collected from 55 hospitalized patients up to 4 months after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgM and IgG ASCs appeared within 2 weeks accompanied by flow cytometry increases in double negative plasmablasts consistent with a rapid extrafollicular B cell response. Total and virus-specific IgM and IgG ASCs peaked at 3-4 weeks and were still being produced at 3-4 months accompanied by increasing antibody avidity consistent with a slower germinal center B cell response. N-specific ASCs were produced for longer than S-specific ASCs and avidity maturation was greater for antibody to N than S. Patients with more severe disease produced more S-specific IgM and IgG ASCs than those with mild disease and had higher levels of N- and S-specific antibody. Women had more B cells in circulation than men and produced more S-specific IgA and IgG and N-specific IgG ASCs. Flow cytometry analysis of B cell phenotypes showed an increase in circulating B cells at 4-6 weeks with decreased percentages of switched and unswitched memory B cells. These data indicate ongoing antigen-specific stimulation, maturation, and production of ASCs for several months after onset of symptoms in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L. Bartlett
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - San Suwanmanee
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadine Peart Akindele
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy K.P. Chan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chau S, Jardine S, Guo C, Warner N, Muise A. A184 REPURPOSING DRUGS FOR SPLEEN TYROSINE KINASE (SYK) PEDIATRIC PATIENTS USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859165 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) is a cytosolic, non-receptor tyrosine kinase with an imperative role in immune and non-immune processes. Recently, we identified six gain-of-function SYK variants in patients that presented multi-organ inflammation and immune dysregulation. The SYK variants displayed constitutive SYK phosphorylation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T, colonic epithelial cells (SW480), and in knock-in heterozygous SYK mice. These observations mark SYK as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
Phenotype drug discovery accelerates this process and can be done successfully with an appropriate phenotype. A possible phenotype displayed by SYK variants is SYK phosphorylation, as high-throughput screening can identify hit compounds that reduce the constitutive activation of phosphorylated SYK (p-SYK).
Aims
Aim 1: Determine the screening phenotype with wildtype (WT) and SYK S550Y variant in HEK293T cells. Recently, we observed increased phosphorylation in gain-of-function SYK variants We hypothesize that we can use phosphorylated-SYK (p-SYK) levels to identify hit compounds that can decrease the kinase activity in these variants. With stable transfected SYK WT and SYK S550Y HEK293T cell-line, protein analyses will be completed to characterize the appropriate screening phenotype.
Aim 2
Establish an assay for high-throughput drug screening. We will utilize homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The signal measured from HTRF is positively proportional to the level of p-SYK; therefore, we expect that S550Y cells will have a higher signal than the WT.
Aim 3
Validate hit compounds in HEK293T and zebrafish. We will create a dose-response curve with the hit compounds in in vitro and in vivo models.
Methods
We will use stable transfection to established overexpressing SYK WT and S550Y HEK293T cells. We will apply homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) to quantify p-SYK levels during the drug screening.
Results
Protein analyses have verified high expression of p-SYK in stable transfected HEK293T cells. No stimulation was required, as the cells showed an increased phosphorylation level at baseline. Downstream signaling partners such as p-ERK and p-JNK of the MAPK pathway displayed an upregulation. This suggests that the sustained activation of p-SYK may consequently affect cellular processes and contribute to the clinical manifestations observed in patients.
Conclusions
This research study will identify hit compounds that can produce a safe and effective biological response in pediatric patients with gain-of-function SYK variants. Personalizing medicine throughout high-throughput drug screening can accelerate drug repurposing for pediatric patients with multiple systemic diseases and immune dysregulation.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chau
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Jardine
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Guo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Warner
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Muise
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang M, Guo C, Chu Y, Xu R, Yin F, Qian J. [Dihydromyricetin reverses Herceptin resistance by up-regulating miR-98-5p and inhibiting IGF1R/HER2 dimer formation in SKBR3 cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:207-214. [PMID: 35365444 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of dihydromyricetin on the expression of miR-98-5p and its mechanism in the development of Herceptin resistance in SKBR3 cells. METHODS The expression of IGF2 and miR-98-5p and their interaction relationship were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis through TargetScan online databases. SKBR3 cells and drug-resistant SKBR3-R cells were cultured in cell experiments. Xenograft tumor mice were constructed by SKBR3 and SKBR3-R cells. Proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Transfected cells were constructed by shRNA lentivirus vectors. RT-QPCR was used to detect RNA. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS method. Cell jnvasion was detected by Transwell assay. Luciferase reporting assays were used to verify RNA interactions. IGF-1R/HER2 heterodimer was determined by immunocoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of IGF2, p-IGF1R, p-Akt and p-S6K in SKBR3-R cells were significantly higher than those in SKBR3 cells, while the expression of PTEN protein was lower in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05). IGF1R/HER2 heterodimer in SKBR3-R cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01).The expression of IGF2 and invasion ability were significantly reduced while transfected with miR-98-5p in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05), but the IGF2 mRNA were no difference in both cells (P > 0.05). The expression of miR-98-5p was up-regulated and IGF2 was decreased in drug-resistant xenograft tumor mice after feeding with dihydromyricetin, and the tumor became more sensitivity to Herceptin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dihydromyricetin could induce the expression of miR-98-5p, which binds to IGF2 mRNA to reduce IGF2 expression, inhibit the IGF-1R/HER2 formation, thereby reversing cell resistance to Herceptin in SKBR3-R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Chu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - R Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - F Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - J Qian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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Guo C, Li M, Chen Y, Xu X, Liu C, Chu J, Yao X. Seed bulb size influences the effects of exogenous brassinolide on yield and quality of Pinellia ternata. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:117-126. [PMID: 34693612 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, natural Pinellia ternata populations of have gradually been exhausted, while the cultivated yield has been limited due to lack of research and uncertain climate condition. Therefore, it is necessary to explore methods of improving yield and quality in P. ternata using brassinolide (BR) treatments and choice of a suitable seed bulb size. This article reports the effects of BR and two seed bulb sizes (diameter: 0.5-1.0 cm and 1.0-1.5 cm) on active and nutrient components and antioxidant activity in P. ternata. The experiment included six levels of BR (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l-1 ). The tuber yield of the two seed bulb sizes and bulbil yield of small seed bulbs increased 5.67%, 22.66% and 69.23% by day 105 after 0.50 mg l-1 BR treatment, compared with the control. On day 105, only 0.05 mg l-1 BR increased scores in principal components analysis (PCA) in tubers of small seed bulbs by 167.29%, and 0.05 and 0.50 mg l-1 BR increased PCA score in bulbils of large seed bulbs by 145.66% and 252.97%, respectively, compared with the control. Significant BR × seed bulb size interactions were found on yield and quality of P. ternata. The results indicate that BR effects on yield and quality of tubers and bulbils of P. ternata are not only related to BR concentration but also to seed bulb size.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - M Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Y Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - X Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - C Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - J Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - X Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Chen Y, Guo C, Li X, Gao S, Shen Y, Zhang M, Yu J, Wu J, Que R, Zhang A, Bai X, Liang T. 146P Randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with modified FOLFIRINOX versus modified FOLFIRINOX and PD-1 antibody for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (the CISPD-4 study). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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35
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Tsai SJ, Atai NA, Cacciottolo M, Nice J, Salehi A, Guo C, Sedgwick A, Kanagavelu S, Gould SJ. Exosome-mediated mRNA delivery in vivo is safe and can be used to induce SARS-CoV-2 immunity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101266. [PMID: 34600888 PMCID: PMC8483990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional delivery of mRNA has high clinical potential. Previous studies established that mRNAs can be delivered to cells in vitro and in vivo via RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Here we describe an alternative approach using exosomes, the only biologically normal nanovesicle. In contrast to LNPs, which elicited pronounced cellular toxicity, exosomes had no adverse effects in vitro or in vivo at any dose tested. Moreover, mRNA-loaded exosomes were characterized by efficient mRNA encapsulation (∼90%), high mRNA content, consistent size, and a polydispersity index under 0.2. Using an mRNA encoding the red light-emitting luciferase Antares2, we observed that mRNA-loaded exosomes were superior to mRNA-loaded LNPs at delivering functional mRNA into human cells in vitro. Injection of Antares2 mRNA-loaded exosomes also led to strong light emission following injection into the vitreous fluid of the eye or into the tissue of skeletal muscle in mice. Furthermore, we show that repeated injection of Antares2 mRNA-loaded exosomes drove sustained luciferase expression across six injections spanning at least 10 weeks, without evidence of signal attenuation or adverse injection site responses. Consistent with these findings, we observed that exosomes loaded with mRNAs encoding immunogenic forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins induced long-lasting cellular and humoral responses to both. Taken together, these results demonstrate that exosomes can be used to deliver functional mRNA to and into cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia A Atai
- Capricor Therapeutics, Inc, Beverly Hills, California, USA
| | | | - Justin Nice
- Capricor Therapeutics, Inc, Beverly Hills, California, USA
| | - Arjang Salehi
- Capricor Therapeutics, Inc, Beverly Hills, California, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Liu C, Xu J, Guo C, Chen X, Qian C, Zhang X, Zhou P, Yang Y. Gambogenic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colorectal Cancer via the Aurora A Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736350. [PMID: 34692693 PMCID: PMC8526855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and has a poor prognosis. In the present research, gambogenic acid (GNA), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboge, markedly induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GNA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which subsequently activated inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1α and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2α pathway. Pretreatment with salubrinal (an eIF2α inhibitor) rescued GNA-induced cell death. Furthermore, GNA downregulated the expression of Aurora A. The Aurora A inhibitor alisertib decreased ER stress. In human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue, Aurora A was upregulated compared to normal colorectal epithelial nuclei. Furthermore, GNA ameliorated mouse colitis-associated cancer models. Our findings demonstrated that GNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC through activation of ER stress by regulating Aurora A, which indicates the potential of GNA for preventing the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugang Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Qian
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Xiao C, Li J, Song LX, Zhao YS, Han S, Li ZW, Guo C, Zhao JG, Chang CK. Topic: AS08-Treatment/AS08j-Supportive care - Iron overload. Leuk Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106681.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vinogradov I, Feng Y, Kumar SKK, Guo C, Udagawa NS, Ge NH. Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of the tyrosine ring mode and its application to enkephalin insertion into phospholipid membranes as probed by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:035102. [PMID: 34293882 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enkephalins are small opioid peptides whose binding conformations are catalyzed by phospholipid membranes. Binding to opioid receptors is determined by the orientation of tyrosine and phenylalanine side chains. In this work, we investigate the effects of different charged phospholipid headgroups on the insertion of the tyrosine side chain into a lipid bilayer using a combination of 2D IR spectroscopy, anharmonic DFT calculations, and third order response function modeling. The insertion is probed by using the ∼1515 cm-1 tyrosine ring breathing mode, which we found exhibits rich vibrational dynamics on the picosecond timescale. These dynamics include rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR), where some of the energy ends up in a dark state that shows up as an anharmonically shifted combination band. The waiting-time dependent 2D IR spectra also show an unusual line shape distortion that affects the extraction of the frequency-frequency correlation function (FFCF), which is the dynamic observable of interest that reflects the tyrosine side chain's insertion into the lipid bilayer. We proposed three models to account for this distortion: a hot-state exchange model, a local environment dependent IVR model, and a coherence transfer model. A qualitative analysis of these models suggests that the local environment dependent IVR rate best explains the line shape distortion, while the coherence transfer model best reproduced the effects on the FFCF. Even with these complex dynamics, we found that the tyrosine ring mode's FFCF is qualitatively correlated with the degree of insertion expected from the different phospholipid headgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - S K Karthick Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Nina Saki Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Feng Y, Han M, Qie R, Huang S, Li Q, Guo C, Tian G, Zhao Y, Yang X, Li Y, Wu X, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu D, Hu F, Zhang M, Yang Y, Shi X, Sun L, Hu D. Adherence to antihypertensive medications for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events: a dose-response meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 196:179-185. [PMID: 34246104 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to explore the association between adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHMs) and the risk of recurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with a history of CVD events from cohort studies. STUDY DESIGN This is a dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to March 4, 2021, to identify English-language reports of cohort studies that assessed the association of AHM adherence with risk of recurrence of CVD events. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using a fixed- or random-effects model. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the possible linear or non-linear association. RESULTS We included nine cohort studies (54,349 patients) in the present meta-analysis. The pooled RR of CVD events was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54-0.78) for the highest versus lowest AHM adherence category. We did not find any evidence of non-linearity association between AHM adherence and risk of CVD events (Pnon-linearity = 0.534); for patients with a history of CVD events, the risk of CVD events was reduced by 9% for each 20% increase in AHM adherence (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97). The results of sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were virtually unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The high level of adherence to AHM is an effective strategy for preventing recurrence of CVD events. Patients with a history of CVD events should adhere to AHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - M Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - R Qie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - S Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - G Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - D Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - F Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - X Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - D Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Hensley P, Miest T, Adibi M, Campbell M, Shah A, Cherry L, Papadopoulos J, Siefker-Radtke A, Gao J, Guo C, Czerniak B, Navai N, Kamat A, Dinney C, Matin S. GFR fluctuation induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlates with pathologic stage of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guo C, Fordjour FK, Tsai SJ, Morrell JC, Gould SJ. Choice of selectable marker affects recombinant protein expression in cells and exosomes. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100838. [PMID: 34051235 PMCID: PMC8258971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mammalian cells are used for numerous research, pharmaceutical, industrial, and clinical purposes, and dominant selectable markers are often used to enable the selection of transgenic cell lines. Using HEK293 cells, we show here that the choice of selectable marker gene has a significant impact on both the level of recombinant protein expression and the cell-to-cell variability in recombinant protein expression. Specifically, we observed that cell lines generated with the NeoR or BsdR selectable markers and selected in the antibiotics G418 or blasticidin, respectively, displayed the lowest level of recombinant protein expression as well as the greatest cell-to-cell variability in transgene expression. In contrast, cell lines generated with the BleoR marker and selected in zeocin yielded cell lines that expressed the highest levels of linked recombinant protein, approximately 10-fold higher than those selected using the NeoR or BsdR markers, as well as the lowest cell-to-cell variability in recombinant protein expression. Intermediate yet still-high levels of expression were observed in cells generated with the PuroR- or HygR-based vectors and that were selected in puromycin or hygromycin, respectively. Similar results were observed in the African green monkey cell line COS7. These data indicate that each combination of selectable marker and antibiotic establishes a threshold below which no cell can survive and that these thresholds vary significantly between different selectable markers. Moreover, we show that choice of selectable marker also affects recombinant protein expression in cell-derived exosomes, consistent with the hypothesis that exosome protein budding is a stochastic rather than determinative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Francis K Fordjour
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - James C Morrell
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA.
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Quan T, Xiang Y, Liu Y, Guo C, Yan Y, Dlugosz A, Voorhees J, Fisher G. 085 CCN1-induced age-related dermal microenvironment promotes skin cancer development. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Donowitz M, Tse CM, Dokladny K, Rawat M, Horwitz I, Ye C, Kell A, Lin R, Lee S, Guo C, Tsai SJ, Cox A, Gould S, In J, Bradfute S, Zachos NC, Kovbasnjuk O. SARS-COV-2 induced Diarrhea is inflammatory, Ca 2+ Dependent and involves activation of calcium activated Cl channels. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33948596 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.27.441695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea occurs in 2-50% of cases of COVID-19 (∼8% is average across series). The diarrhea does not appear to account for the disease mortality and its contribution to the morbidity has not been defined, even though it is a component of Long Covid or post-infectious aspects of the disease. Even less is known about the pathophysiologic mechanism of the diarrhea. To begin to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 diarrhea, we exposed human enteroid monolayers obtained from five healthy subjects and made from duodenum, jejunum, and proximal colon to live SARS-CoV-2 and virus like particles (VLPs) made from exosomes expressing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins (Spike, Nucleocapsid, Membrane and Envelope). Results: 1) Live virus was exposed apically for 90 min, then washed out and studied 2 and 5 days later. SARS-Cov-2 was taken up by enteroids and live virus was present in lysates and in the apical>>basolateral media of polarized enteroids 48 h after exposure. This is the first demonstration of basolateral appearance of live virus after apical exposure. High vRNA concentration was detected in cell lysates and in the apical and basolateral media up to 5 days after exposure. 2) Two days after viral exposure, cytokine measurements of media showed significantly increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. 3) Two days after viral exposure, mRNA levels of ACE2, NHE3 and DRA were reduced but there was no change in mRNA of CFTR. NHE3 protein was also decreased. 4) Live viral studies were mimicked by some studies with VLP exposure for 48 h. VLPs with Spike-D614G bound to the enteroid apical surface and was taken up; this resulted in decreased mRNA levels of ACE2, NHE3, DRA and CFTR. 4) VLP effects were determined on active anion secretion measured with the Ussing chamber/voltage clamp technique. S-D614G acutely exposed to apical surface of human ileal enteroids did not alter the short-circuit current (Isc). However, VLPS-D614G exposure to enteroids that were pretreated for ∼24 h with IL-6 plus IL-8 induced a concentration dependent increase in Isc indicating stimulated anion secretion, that was delayed in onset by ∼8 min. The anion secretion was inhibited by apical exposure to a specific calcium activated Cl channel (CaCC) inhibitor (AO1) but not by a specific CFTR inhibitor (BP027); was inhibited by basolateral exposure to the K channel inhibit clortimazole; and was prevented by pretreatment with the calcium buffer BAPTA-AM. 5) The calcium dependence of the VLP-induced increase in Isc was studied in Caco-2/BBe cells stably expressing the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6s. 24 h pretreatment with IL-6/IL-8 did not alter intracellular Ca2+. However, in IL-6/IL-8 pretreated cells, VLP S-D614G caused appearance of Ca 2+ waves and an overall increase in intracellular Ca 2+ with a delay of ∼10 min after VLP addition. We conclude that the diarrhea of COVID-19 appears to an example of a calcium dependent inflammatory diarrhea that involves both acutely stimulated Ca2+ dependent anion secretion (stimulated Isc) that involves CaCC and likely inhibition of neutral NaCl absorption (decreased NHE3 protein and mRNA and decreased DRA mRNA).
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Batura V, Ricciuto A, Warner N, Guo C, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Muise A. A167 UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF DOWNSTREAM OF KINASE 4 (DOK4) DAMAGING GENETIC VARIANTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
IBD is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract whose precise pathological mechanisms remain elusive. It is thought that in pediatric IBD, pathogenic exposure does not appear sufficient to cause disease, thus genetic variations are critical to disease pathogenesis. The Muise Lab uses genetic sequencing of patients with IBD from all over the world to identify crucial genetic variations that are critical to IBD development.
We report two patients with IBD from unrelated families with mutations in DOK4. Both patients had profound extra-intestinal disease complicating their IBD.
Downstream of kinase (DOK) proteins are a family of adaptor molecules that are important in regulating cell signaling, especially in immune cells. They are known to suppress MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, whose dysregulation result in cancer. DOK4 has not been extensively studied, but research suggests that this gene produces two isoforms. It is known to have negative regulatory effects on immune cell activation but is also expressed across various other tissues, where its function is yet to be determined.
Aims
We hypothesize that these variations in DOK4 lead to immune cell dysregulation, which manifests in both gastrointestinal and systemic chronic inflammatory disease. Through this study, we aim to elucidate the mechanism of novel genetic defects in DOK4.
Methods
It will be critical to understand how variants within both patients are contributing to the onset of IBD through in vitro studies. Therefore, we will characterize and quantify how changes in expression of DOK4 alters essential cell signaling pathways. We have established immortalized cell lines from patients bearing these mutations to specifically characterize potential immune defects. We will also be using knock out cell models to understand the effect of loss of function of DOK4 in different cell types.
Results
Preliminary data shows variation in expression of the protein within patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared to a healthy donor. Overexpression in HEK293T cells shows changes in MAPK and NFkB signaling.
Conclusions
With this study, we hope to identify new therapeutic targets for patients with DOK4 mutations.
Funding Agencies
CIHRThe Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
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Affiliation(s)
- V Batura
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Ricciuto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Kotlarz
- Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - C Klein
- Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - A Muise
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Collins J, Sun S, Guo C, Podgorsak A, Rudin S, Bednarek DR. Estimation of Patient Eye-Lens Dose During Neuro-Interventional Procedures using a Dense Neural Network (DNN). Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2021; 11595:1159543. [PMID: 34334873 PMCID: PMC8323862 DOI: 10.1117/12.2580723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The patient's eye-lens dose changes for each projection view during fluoroscopically-guided neuro-interventional procedures. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation can be done to estimate lens dose but MC cannot be done in real-time to give feedback to the interventionalist. Deep learning (DL) models were investigated to estimate patient-lens dose for given exposure conditions to give real-time updates. MC simulations were done using a Zubal computational phantom to create a dataset of eye-lens dose values for training the DL models. Six geometric parameters (entrance-field size, LAO gantry angulation, patient x, y, z head position relative to the beam isocenter, and whether patient's right or left eye) were varied for the simulations. The dose for each combination of parameters was expressed as lens dose per entrance air kerma (mGy/Gy). Geometric parameter combinations associated with high-dose values were sampled more finely to generate more high-dose values for training purposes. Additionally, dose at intermediate parameter values was calculated by MC in order to validate the interpolation capabilities of DL. Data was split into training, validation and testing sets. Stacked models and median algorithms were implemented to create more robust models. Model performance was evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The goal for this DL model is that it be implemented into the Dose Tracking System (DTS) developed by our group. This would allow the DTS to infer the patient's eye-lens dose for real-time feedback and eliminate the need for a large database of pre-calculated values with interpolation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collins
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - S Sun
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - C Guo
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - A Podgorsak
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - S Rudin
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - D R Bednarek
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203
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Abstract
The spike D614G mutation increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, viral load, and transmission but the molecular mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. We report here that spike is trafficked to lysosomes and that the D614G mutation enhances the lysosomal sorting of spike and the lysosomal accumulation of spike-positive punctae in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Spike trafficking to lysosomes is an endocytosis-independent, V-ATPase-dependent process, and spike-containing lysosomes drive lysosome clustering but display poor lysotracker labeling and reduced uptake of endocytosed materials. These results are consistent with a lysosomal pathway of coronavirus biogenesis and raise the possibility that a common mechanism may underly the D614G mutation’s effects on spike protein trafficking in infected cells and the accelerated entry of SARS-CoV-2 into uninfected cells.
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Wang Z, Wu Y, Shi Z, Song J, Wang G, Xu C, Song Q, Jin W, Cui X, Wu C, Zang J, Guo C. Association of iodine-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours with urinary iodine excretion in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:314-323. [PMID: 33210387 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subsequent to the implementation of the universal salt iodisation policy, China has all but eliminated the iodine deficiency disorders. However, pregnant women are still experiencing mild iodine deficiency. The present study explored factors that could relate to mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women. METHODS In total, 2400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random sampling method in Shanghai. Data were collected via a standardised questionnaire. The urine samples and household cooking salt samples were collected for the detection of urinary iodine and salt iodine concentrations. RESULTS The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg L-1 for all participants, and 155.0 μg L-1 , 151.0 μg L-1 and 139.6 μg L-1 in the first, second and third trimesters. The MUIC in the third trimester was significantly lower than that of the first trimester (P < 0.05). The usage rates of iodised salt and qualified-iodised salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge score composition ratio was significantly different between the high and low UIC groups (P < 0.05). Participants' MUIC increased significantly with the increases in iodine-related knowledge score (P < 0.001). The third trimester was a significant risk factor for high UIC, whereas high iodine-related knowledge score, actively learning dietary knowledge and having a habit of consuming iodine-rich food were significant protective factors for high UIC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Iodine level is adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the first and the second trimesters, although it is is insufficient in the third trimester. Good iodine-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are important for pregnant women with respect to maintaining adequate urinary iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - J Song
- Laboratory for the Determination of Biological Markers, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory for the Determination of Biological Markers, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - C Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Song
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - W Jin
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - X Cui
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - C Guo
- General Office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Qian L, Fei Q, Zhang H, Qiu M, Zhang B, Wang Q, Yu Y, Guo C, Ren Y, Mei M, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Yang B. lncRNA HOTAIR Promotes DNA Repair and Radioresistance of Breast Cancer via EZH2. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2166-2173. [PMID: 33136445 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs play important roles in human diseases and radioresistance could be an important factor for tumor recurrence. We observed that HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) expression increased in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue. The irradiation effect of HOTAIR was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis, and xenografts in nude mice. Western blot, RNA pulldown assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation were used for mechanistic studies. HOTAIR, upregulated in IDC of breast cancer tissue, could promote breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. Overexpression of HOTAIR promoted DNA damage repair factors KU70, KU80, DNA-PKs, and ATM expression, and these could be impeded by small molecular inhibitors of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Meanwhile, we found that HOTAIR could facilitate recruitment of EZH2 to the Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (MYC) promoter. HOTAIR is an important modulator not only to the prognostic of breast cancer, but also a good marker for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Qian
- Department of Tumor Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiaoman Fei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Manman Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Tumor Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Mei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Xie X, Gong S, Jin H, Yang P, Xu T, Cai Y, Guo C, Zhang R, Lou F, Yang W, Wang H. Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia Correlates With Survival In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Impact Of Treatment Modality And The Baseline Lymphocyte Count. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Patel R, Guo C, Hong D, Chang J, Altan M, Chun S, Diab A, Davies M, Nguyen Q, Barsoumian H, Simon G, Glitza I, Tang C, Verma V, Comeaux N, Welsh J. Phase II Trial of Low-Dose Radiation for Metastases Progressing on Immunotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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