1
|
Guo C, Tsai SJ, Ai Y, Li M, Anaya E, Pekosz A, Cox A, Gould SJ. The D614G mutation redirects SARS-CoV-2 spike to lysosomes and suppresses deleterious traits of the furin cleavage site insertion mutation. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eade5085. [PMID: 36563151 PMCID: PMC9788772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) egress occurs by lysosomal exocytosis. We show that the Spike D614G mutation enhances Spike trafficking to lysosomes, drives Spike-mediated reprogramming of lysosomes, and reduces cell surface Spike expression by ~3-fold. D614G is not a human-specific adaptation. Rather, it is an adaptation to the earlier furin cleavage site insertion (FCSI) mutation that occurred at the genesis of SARS-CoV-2. While advantageous to the virus, furin cleavage of spike has deleterious effects on spike structure and function, inhibiting its trafficking to lysosomes and impairing its infectivity by the transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2)-independent, endolysosomal pathway. D614G restores spike trafficking to lysosomes and enhances the earliest events in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, while spike mutations that restore SARS-CoV-2's TMPRSS2-independent infectivity restore spike's trafficking to lysosomes. Together, these and other results show that D614G is an intragenic suppressor of deleterious traits linked to the FCSI and lend additional support to the endolysosomal model of SARS-CoV-2 egress and entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shang-Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maggie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eduardo Anaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea Cox
- Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clarke EC, Collar AL, Ye C, Caì Y, Anaya E, Rinaldi D, Martinez B, Yarborough S, Merle C, Theisen M, Wada J, Kuhn JH, Bradfute SB. Production and Purification of Filovirus Glycoproteins in Insect and Mammalian Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15091. [PMID: 29118454 PMCID: PMC5678155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are highly virulent pathogens capable of causing severe disease. The glycoproteins of filoviruses are the only virally expressed proteins on the virion surface and are required for receptor binding. As such, they are the main candidate vaccine antigen. Despite their virulence, most filoviruses are not comprehensively characterized, and relatively few commercially produced reagents are available for their study. Here, we describe two methods for production and purification of filovirus glycoproteins in insect and mammalian cell lines. Considerations of expression vector choice, modifications to sequence, troubleshooting of purification method, and glycosylation differences are all important for successful expression of filovirus glycoproteins in cell lines. Given the scarcity of commercially available filovirus glycoproteins, we hope our experiences with possible difficulties in purification of the proteins will facilitate other researchers to produce and purify filovirus glycoproteins rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Clarke
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Amanda L Collar
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Yíngyún Caì
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Eduardo Anaya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Derek Rinaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Britney Martinez
- Undergraduate Pipeline Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Sarah Yarborough
- Undergraduate Pipeline Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | | | | | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collar AL, Clarke EC, Anaya E, Merrill D, Yarborough S, Anthony SM, Kuhn JH, Merle C, Theisen M, Bradfute SB. Comparison of N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus glycoproteins. Virology 2016; 502:39-47. [PMID: 27984785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are emerging pathogens that cause severe and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers. Four distinct ebolaviruses are known to cause Ebola virus disease in humans. The ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein (GP1,2) is heavily glycosylated, but the precise glycosylation patterns of ebolaviruses are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that approximately 50 different N-glycan structures are present in GP1,2 derived from the four pathogenic ebolaviruses, including high mannose, hybrid, and bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex glycans with and without fucose and sialic acid. The overall N-glycan composition is similar between the different ebolavirus GP1,2s. In contrast, the amount and type of O-glycan structures varies widely between ebolavirus GP1,2s. Notably, this O-glycan dissimilarity is also present between two variants of Ebola virus, the original Yambuku variant and the Makona variant responsible for the most recent Western African epidemic. The data presented here should serve as the foundation for future ebolaviral entry and immunogenicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Collar
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eduardo Anaya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Denise Merrill
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Yarborough
- Undergraduate Pipeline Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wegener S, Raser E, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Anaya E, Erikksson U, Horvath I, Iacorossi F, Int Panis L, Kahlmeier S, Rojas Rueda D, Rothballer C, Sanchez J. Step by step towards healthy cities: How active mobility serves transport and public health. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw165.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
5
|
Curto A, de Nazelle A, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Cole-Hunter T, Garcia-Aymerich J, Martínez D, Anaya E, Rodríguez D, Jerrett M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Private and public modes of bicycle commuting: a perspective on attitude and perception. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:717-23. [PMID: 26748099 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public bicycle-sharing initiatives can act as health enhancement strategies among urban populations. The aim of the study was to determine which attitudes and perceptions of behavioural control toward cycling and a bicycle-sharing system distinguish commuters with a different adherence to bicycle commuting. METHODS The recruitment process was conducted in 40 random points in Barcelona from 2011 to 2012. Subjects completed a telephone-based questionnaire including 27 attitude and perception statements. Based on their most common one-way commute trip and willingness to commute by bicycle, subjects were classified into Private Bicycle (PB), public bicycle or Bicing Bicycle (BB), Willing Non-bicycle (WN) and Non-willing Non-bicycle (NN) commuters. After reducing the survey statements through principal component analysis, a multinomial logistic regression model was obtained to evaluate associations between attitudinal and commuter sub-groups. RESULTS We included 814 adults in the analysis [51.6% female, mean (SD): age 36.6 (10.3) years]. BB commuters were 2.0 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.7] less likely to perceive bicycle as a quick, flexible and enjoyable mode compared to PB. BB, WN and NN were 2.5 (95% CI = 1.46-4.24), 2.6 (95% CI = 1.53-4.41) and 2.3 times (95% CI = 1.30-4.10) more likely to perceive benefits of using public bicycles (bicycle maintenance and parking avoidance, low cost and no worries about theft and vandalism) than did PB. CONCLUSION Willing non-bicycle and public-bicycle commuters had more favourable perception toward public-shared bicycles compared to private cyclists. Hence, public bicycles may be the impetus for those willing to start bicycle commuting, thereby increasing physical activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Curto
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A de Nazelle
- 4 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Donaire-Gonzalez
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain 5 Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Department, Fundació Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cole-Hunter
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Garcia-Aymerich
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Martínez
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Anaya
- 4 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Rodríguez
- 6 Department of City & Regional Planning and Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Jerrett
- 7 Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M J Nieuwenhuijsen
- 1 ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Addo-Mensa A, Garcia G, Maldonado I, Anaya E, Cadena G, Lee L. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.234.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Moffett BK, Panchabhai TS, Anaya E, Nakamatsu R, Arnold FW, Peyrani P, Wiemken T, Guardiola J, Ramirez JA. Computed tomography measurements of parapneumonic effusion indicative of thoracentesis. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:1406-11. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
8
|
Orozco H, Sifuentes Osornio J, Prado E, Takahashi T, López Graniel CM, Anaya E, Canto J. [Comparison of two antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens in biliary tract surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial]. Rev Invest Clin 1993; 45:565-9. [PMID: 8159877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy in prophylaxis during biliary tract and gallbladder surgery with amoxicillin/clavulanate and to compare it with the combination of cephalothin and clindamycin. DESIGN A randomized nonblinded clinical trial with a blind independent observer. PLACE Tertiary-care center. PATIENTS Forty-two patients were included. All had undergone biliary tract and/or gallbladder surgery. They were divided in two groups: 22 in group A (cephalothin and clindamycin), and 20 in group B (amoxicillin/clavulanate). INTERVENTIONS Patients from group A were intravenously treated with three doses of cephalothin (2 g at anesthetic induction and two additional doses of 1 g at six-hour intervals), and three of clindamycin (600 mg every six hours). Patients from group B received three doses of amoxicillin/clavulanate (1000/200 mg IV, one during the induction of the anesthesia followed by two more at six-hour intervals). RESULTS In group A six wound infections were recorded, one of them with secondary bacteremia. In group B we did not record any infection (Fisher p < 0.01). One case of phlebitis was recorded in each group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that amoxicillin/clavulanate is useful in the prophylaxis of gallbladder and biliary tract surgery, and more effective than the combination of cephalothin and clindamycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Orozco
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F. México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|