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Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Zorov SD, Babenko VA, Jankauskas SS, Popkov VA, Savina PS. Microbiota and mitobiota. Putting an equal sign between mitochondria and bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1017-31. [PMID: 25519061 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent revival of old theories and setting them on modern scientific rails to a large extent are also relevant to mitochondrial science. Given the widespread belief that mitochondria are symbionts of ancient bacterial origin, the processes inherent to mitochondrial physiology can be revised based on their comparative analysis with possible involvement of bacteria. Such comparison combined with discussion of the role of microbiota in pathogenesis allows discussion of the role of "mitobiota" (we introduce this term) as the combination of different phenotypic manifestations of mitochondria in the organism reflecting pathological changes in the mitochondrial genome. When putting an equal sign between mitochondria and bacteria, we find similarity between the mitochondrial and bacterial theories of cancer. The presence of the term "bacterial infection" suggests "mitochondrial infection", and mitochondrial (oxidative) theory of aging can in some way be transformed into a "bacterial theory of aging". The possible existence of such processes and the data confirming their presence are discussed in this review. If such a comparison has the right to exist, the homeostasis of "mitobiota" is of not lesser physiological importance than homeostasis of microbiota, which has been so intensively discussed recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Zorov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Misonou Y, Kikuchi M, Sato H, Inai T, Kuroiwa T, Tanaka K, Miyakawa I. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald4p, is a major component of mitochondrial fluorescent inclusion bodies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol Open 2014; 3:387-96. [PMID: 24771619 PMCID: PMC4021361 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 3626 was cultured to the stationary phase in a medium that contained glucose, needle-like structures that emitted autofluorescence were observed in almost all cells by fluorescence microscopy under UV excitation. The needle-like structures completely overlapped with the profile of straight elongated mitochondria. Therefore, these structures were designated as mitochondrial fluorescent inclusion bodies (MFIBs). The MFIB-enriched mitochondrial fractions were successfully isolated and 2D-gel electrophoresis revealed that a protein of 54 kDa was only highly concentrated in the fractions. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 54-kDa protein identified it as a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald4p. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that anti-Ald4p antibody specifically stained MFIBs. Freeze-substitution electron microscopy demonstrated that cells that retained MFIBs had electron-dense filamentous structures with a diameter of 10 nm in straight elongated mitochondria. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that Ald4p was localized to the electron-dense filamentous structures in mitochondria. These results together showed that a major component of MFIBs is Ald4p. In addition, we demonstrate that MFIBs are common features that appear in mitochondria of many species of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Misonou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Maiko Kikuchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan Present address: Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Hyakunen-kohen 1-1, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan
| | - Tomomi Inai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Present address: Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Isamu Miyakawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Jones CJP, Hamlett WC. Ultrastructure of the male genital ducts of the clearnose skate Raja eglanteria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2006; 305:1018-29. [PMID: 17068788 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tissues from the male genital ducts of six specimens of the clearnose skate Raja eglanteria, comprising the Leydig gland, upper and lower epididymis, ductus deferens and seminal vesicle, were fixed and embedded for ultrastructural examination. In the Leydig gland, two types of columnar cells were identified, one bearing microvilli, a basal nucleus and evidence of active secretion with plentiful endoplasmic reticulum and numerous secretory droplets, and the other pyriform with cilia, and swathes of cytofilaments emanating from prominent desmosomes. Occasional crystalloid intramitochondrial inclusions were seen in the first type, with a periodicity of 24 nm. The upper epididymis was composed of cuboidal cells with microvilli and cilia and irregular electron dense granules, some of which were basally situated and extremely large, often within cells resembling intraepithelial leucocytes; such cells were also seen in the stroma underlying the epithelium. The lower epididymis cells also bore microvilli and cilia and were heavily vacuolated with fatty inclusions as well as the granule-laden leucocytes seen previously. In the ductus deferens, cells had masses of long cilia with occasional microvilli; endoplasmic reticulum was well developed, forming complex arrays with sparse secretory droplets and basal mitochondria. In the seminal vesicle there were two cell types, the most common having long cilia and short microvilli and an occasional, paler cell with supranuclear accumulations of small, round mitochondria. These ultrastructural appearances have been related to cell glycosylation and functions including protein secretion, water absorption and waste removal, and illustrate how structure and function vary down the length of the genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J P Jones
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
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Abstract
Mitochondria undergo structural changes simultaneously with their functional changes in both physiological and pathological conditions. These structural changes of mitochondria are classified into two categories: simple swelling and the formation of megamitochondria (MG). Data have been accumulated to indicate that free radicals play a crucial role in the mechanism of the MG formation induced by various experimental conditions which are apparently various. These include ethanol-, chloramphenicol- and hydrazine-induced MG formation. Involvement of free radicals in the mechanism of MG formation is showed by the fact that MG formation is successfully suppressed by free radical scavengers such as alpha-tocopherol, coenzyme Q(10), and 4-OH-TEMPO. Detailed mechanisms and pathophysiological meanings of MG formation still remain to be investigated. However, a body of evidence strongly suggests that enormous changes in physicochemical and biochemical properties of the mitochondrial membranes during MG formation take place and these changes are favorable for membrane fusion. A recent report showed that continous exposure of cells with MG to free radicals induces apoptosis, finding which suggests that MG formation is an adaptative process to unfavorable environments at the level of intracellular organelles. Mitochondria try to decrease intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by decreasing the consume of oxygen via MG formation. If mitochondria succeed to suppress intracellular ROS levels, MG return to normal both structurally and functionally, and they restore the ability to actively synthesize ATP. If cells are additionally exposed to excess amounts of free radicals, MG become swollen, membrane potential of mitochondria (DeltaPsim) decreases, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria, leading to activation of caspases and apoptosis is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wakabayashi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Numata O. Multifunctional proteins in Tetrahymena: 14-nm filament protein/citrate synthase and translation elongation factor-1 alpha. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1996; 164:1-35. [PMID: 8575889 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One gene encoding a protein has been shown to have two entirely different functions. Such a phenomenon, which has been called "gene sharing," was first known in crystallins. We found two multifunctional proteins in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena: 14-nm filament protein and protein translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1 alpha). The 14-nm filament protein has dual functions as a citrate synthase in mitochondria and as a cytoskeletal protein in cytoplasm. In cytoplasm, the 14-nm filament protein was involved in oral morphogenesis and in pronuclear behavior during conjugation. The observation that Tetrahymena intramitochondrial filamentous inclusions contain the 14-nm filament protein and that the citrate synthase activity of the 14-nm filament protein is decreased by polymerization and increased by depolymerization, suggests a possible modulating mechanism of citrate synthase activity by monomer-polymer conversion in mitochondria in situ. The EF-1 alpha functions as an F-actin-bundling protein and a 14-nm filament-associated protein as well as an elongation factor in protein synthesis. The F-actin-bundling activity of EF-1 alpha was regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Here we review the properties and functions of two multifunctional proteins in Tetrahymena.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Numata
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lerma E, Hevia A, Rodrigo P, Gonzalez-Campora R, Armas JR, Galera H. The effect of HeNe laser radiation on the thyroid gland of the rat. Int J Exp Pathol 1991; 72:379-85. [PMID: 1883738 PMCID: PMC2001961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although laser irradiation is becoming common practice in medicine, there is not always a clear understanding of the possible side-effects. The present report is a light and electron microscopic study of the effects of fixed low intensity doses of soft HeNe laser on the thyroid of Wistar rats. The immediate effects are mild multifocal degenerative changes; these lesions recover in less than 3 months. Long-term lesions are identified only by electron microscopy; they consist of an increased number of peroxisomes and free or intramitochondrial crystalline structures. We discuss the laser's hypothetical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lerma
- Department of Pathology and Radiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, University of Seville, Spain
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Ogielska M. The fate of intramitochondrial paracrystalline inclusion bodies in germ line cells of water frogs (Amphibia, Anura). EXPERIENTIA 1990; 46:98-101. [PMID: 2153574 DOI: 10.1007/bf01955429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous intramitochondrial paracrystalline inclusion bodies (ICIB) were observed in the germinal plasm of a mid-blastula, and in primordial germ cells (PGCs) after their migration to the germinal ridges, in Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae and R. esculenta. In oogonia the number of ICIB decreases rapidly. Single ICIB are observed in the germ cells up to the leptotene stage; they have never been observed in pachytene oocytes. In diplotene oocytes that have reached a diameter of about 100 microns ICIB are visible again, and their number increases concomitantly with oocyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogielska
- Department of General Zoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Poland
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Sasaki H, Suzuki T. Intramitochondrial helical filaments in medullary tubules of the rat kidney. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE RESEARCH 1989; 102:229-39. [PMID: 2561365 DOI: 10.1016/0889-1605(89)90017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic helical filaments were frequently found within dilated intracristal spaces of the mitochondria in epithelial cells of renal medullary tubules of normal rats of both sexes. These filaments had a helical structure with right-handed rotation. The approximate dimensions were 4 nm in thickness, 13 nm in helical diameter, and 16 nm in pitch. The filaments were common in all strains of rats examined in the present study but not in animals of other species including mice, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, Mongolian gerbils, house musk shrews, and rabbits. In Sprague-Dawley strain rats, the filaments were found not only in animals of all ages but also in 6-week-old germ-free animals and fetuses at the 18th day of gestation. Even in the same rats, the helical filaments were completely absent in the cortical tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasaki
- Division of Morphology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Price MG, Gomer RH. Mitoskelin: a mitochondrial protein found in cytoskeletal preparations. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1989; 13:274-87. [PMID: 2673550 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970130406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 70 kD protein, which we have named mitoskelin, is highly enriched in cytoskeletal preparations from bovine cardiac muscle. Mitoskelin has three main variants with isoelectric points between 5.6 and 5.8. Immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies directed against mitoskelin shows that, like intermediate filament proteins, the majority of mitoskelin resists solubilization from a myocardial homogenate by a series of extraction solutions ranging from very low salt to 0.6 M KI buffers and by 0.1-1% Nonidet P-40 detergent. By double-label immunofluorescence on cells and tissues, mitoskelin is colocalized with the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase. Mitoskelin is associated with the inner membranes of mitochondria as shown by immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblotting. Immunological cross-reactivity and similarities of molecular weight, pI, distribution, and chromatographic properties indicate that mitoskelin is the 70 kD component of complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase), a portion of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. No function or activity has yet been demonstrated for the 70 kD component of the 25-polypeptide complex I. Dialysis against physiological buffers allows purified, urea-solubilized mitoskelin to form 10 nm wide filamentous structures that do not closely resemble intermediate filaments. These results suggest the exciting possibility that mitochondria may contain a membrane-associated filamentous skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Price
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rice University, Houston 77251
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Yotsuyanagi Y. Fibrous component of yeast mitochondria. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE RESEARCH 1988; 98:254-66. [PMID: 3042885 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-1605(88)80918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An intramitochondrial fibrous component (IMF) was consistently detected by electron microscopy in all eight strains of yeast examined, either respiratory competent or deficient, and including two species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. uvarum. IMF was always found assembled into a layer 20 nm in thickness. In respiratory-deficient mutants, multiple IMF layers roll up concentrically to give rise to cylindrical inclusion bodies which attain several micrometers in length. In normal respiring yeasts, IMF occurs in close association with cristae to elaborate composite structures in which multiple parallel IMF layers are sandwiched between a pair of cristae. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the extramitochondrial origin of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yotsuyanagi
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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TANDLER BERNARD, HOPPEL CHARLESL. Studies on Giant Mitochondria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb54394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kone BC, Madsen KM, Tisher CC. Ultrastructure of the thick ascending limb of Henle in the rat kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1984; 171:217-26. [PMID: 6496376 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001710207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL) in the rat until recently has been considered a morphologically homogeneous structure despite physiologic and biochemical evidence to the contrary. The present study was designed to examine the ultrastructural characteristics of the TAL in the inner cortex and the outer and inner stripes of the outer medulla using qualitative and quantitative transmission electron microscopy. Kidneys of male Sprague-Dawley rats were preserved by in vivo perfusion with glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopy. The peritubular diameter and cell height were determined by direct measurements on tubule cross sections. Morphometric analyses were performed on montages of tubule cross sections. The peritubular diameter of the TAL was similar in the three regions under investigation, but the TAL cells were taller in the inner stripe than in the inner cortex and outer stripe. Morphometry revealed significant differences between the three regions with respect to the mean tubular cross-sectional area (AT), the surface density (SV), and the surface area per mm of tubule (ST) of apical and basolateral plasma membranes, and the volume density (VV) of mitochondria. The major morphologic division appeared to be between the inner stripe segment and the remainder of the TAL. These findings document the presence of significant morphologic heterogeneity of the rat TAL.
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Smith RA, Ord MJ. Mitochondrial form and function relationships in vivo: their potential in toxicology and pathology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1983; 83:63-134. [PMID: 6196312 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fahimi HD, Reinicke A, Sujatta M, Yokota S, Ozel M, Hartig F, Stegmeier K. The short- and long-term effects of bezafibrate in the rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982; 386:111-35. [PMID: 6953842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb21410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bezafibrate is a potent hypolipidemic agent, which causes marked proliferation of peroxisomes in rat liver. At the same dosage, bezafibrate is more effective in male than in female rats. This is probably related to divergent pharmacokinetics, which cause differences in drug level in serum and liver. The volume density of peroxisomes and several of their enzymes such as carnitine acetyl transferase and acyl-COA oxidase increase in a dose-related fashion. The hypolipidemic effect of bezafibrate, however, does not correlate with the used dosage. This implies that peroxisomal proliferation may play only a minor role in the hypolipidemic action of bezafibrate. In animals treated for 26 months with 300, 750, or 1500 ppm bezafibrate, the relative liver weight and serum triglycerides did not differ significantly from controls. Peroxisomal proliferation varied in different cells, being most prominent in single hepatocytes. The liver catalase activity was significantly reduced, but carnitine acetyl transferase was increased. Abnormal peroxisomes and mitochondria with longitudinal cristae were quite frequent. In one focus, catalase activity was severely diminished ahd peroxisomes were markedly reduced. The incidence of liver tumors was the same (1-3%) in treated animals as in controls.
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Fukumoto M. The spermatozoa and spermiogenesis of Perophora formosana (Ascidia) with special reference to the striated apical structure and the filamentous structures in the mitochondrion. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1981; 77:37-53. [PMID: 7299908 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(81)80065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tange T. Histopathological identification of hepatic intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions (IMCI). ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1981; 31:747-54. [PMID: 6272541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1981.tb02800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A 45-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent liver biopsies twice during the period of cefazolin administration and a complication of cefazolin-induced toxic hepatitis was strongly suggested. Histologically, a small number of spindle-shaped, esoinophilic crystalloid bodies were faintly noticed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, while they showed strong positivity for strains inherent to mitochondria as well as specific to phospholipid and sharply showed a spindle or needle shaped configuration. Moreover, they greatly increased in number in these sections. They were distributed throughout the the parenchyma but were prominent in the degenerated hepatocytes with slight fatty metamorphosis. Electron microscopically, they proved to correspond to the intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions (IMCI). Despite many ultrastructural descriptions of the IMCI, precise histopathological examination of the IMCI referring to the staining property on the deparaffinated sections has not yet been described since the first report of the IMCI by Napolitano (1958).
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Beregi E, Biró J, Regius O. Age-related morphological changes in lymphocytes as a model of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 1980; 14:173-80. [PMID: 7206811 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(80)90116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The same age-related morphological changes have been observed in the lymph node and spleen lymphocytes of old untreated Wistar rats and CBA/Ca mice. The same age-related changes were also observed in the peripheral lymphocytes of healthy humans. The most important changes were seen in the mitochondria of the lymphoid cells. They were sometimes swollen; the mitochondrial cristae disappeared and were replaced by myelin-like forms or filamentous structures. The mitochondrial changes developed only in non-labelled lymphoid cells, presumably the T cells. It is suggested that lymphocytes be used as a morphological model for the study of aging and its modification.
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Hawkins WE, Howse HD, Foster CA. Prismatic cristae and paracrystalline inclusions in mitochondria of myocardial cells of the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Cell Tissue Res 1980; 209:87-94. [PMID: 7428026 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several types of unusual mitochondrial configurations were found in myocardial cells of the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. These mitochondria include, in order of frequency, prismatic cristae, filamentous paracrystals in honeycomb and herringbone configurations, and paracrystals composed of rows of electron dense particles. The long, parallel, evenly spaced prismatic cristae are square or rhomboidal in cross section. In the space between the prismatic cristae are rodlike structures (4--6 nm in diameter) that are regularly spaced about 12 nm apart and appear to pass between adjacent cristae. Filamentous paracrystals observed in slender, elongated mitochondria. The filament spacing and form of these paracrystals suggest that they are composed of the intercristal rods. Alternatively, filamentous paracrystals might be tangential sections of prismatic cristae and intercristal rods. Particulate paracrystals which consist of dense lines or rows of particles are the least frequent type of unusual configuration. The particles are triangular, possibly pyramidal, in shape; their bases are 10-12 nm thick and repeat in rows every 17-18 nm. There is a close association between particulate paracrystals and prismatic cristae plus intercristal rods. Although similar mitochondrial configurations have been associated with disease or altered metabolism in a number of species, we have found so such association in the oyster as yet.
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Suganuma Y, Yamamoto H. Occurrence, composition, and structure of mitochondrial crystals in a hypotrichous ciliate. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1980; 70:21-36. [PMID: 6766191 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(80)90019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Seman G, Gallager HS. Intramitochondrial rod-like inclusions in human breast tumors. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1979; 194:267-72. [PMID: 223474 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091940208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural screening of human breast tumor biopsies has revealed, in 43% of the carcinomas, and in 16% of the benign lesions examined. the presence of rod-like inclusions in mitochondria of epithelial cells. The inclusions are cylindrical in cross section, with a diameter of about 50 nm, and show regular striations in longitudinal sections. They are probably derived from cristae. Mitochondria with inclusions are usually enlarged and are found most frequently in epithelial cells of invasive tumors and near zones of tumor necrosis. Similar although not identical inclusions have been observed by other investigators in the liver of women with hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma, of pregnant women, and of women taking oral contraceptives. Identical inclusions have been found in mitochondria of HeLa cells treated with anti-HeLa serum. Although no clear-cut correlations were found between the finding of inclusions and parameters such as age of patients, nuclear grade or lymphocytic infiltration of the breast tumors, it is conceivable that the presence of mitochondrial inclusions reflects the effect of hormonal or of immunological factors.
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Jasmin G. Ultrastructural patterns of Ni-induced crystalline inclusions in mitochondria of renal tubules. Exp Mol Pathol 1978; 29:199-210. [PMID: 689141 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(78)90039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nathaniel DR. Effect of gonadectomy on the follicular cell and inclusions in mitochondria of rabbit thyroid gland. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1978; 91:137-48. [PMID: 645816 PMCID: PMC2018172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid glands of male rabbits were studied 2, 4, and 6 weeks after gonadectomy. In the gonadectomized group of animals, at the end of 2 weeks the follicular cell did not present any significant change except for the reduction of the supranuclear portion of the cell. By the end of 4 weeks there was a marked decrease in the microvilli of the apical border, dense granules, colloid droplets, ribosomes, and ergastoplasmic sacs. The lateral and basal cell margins were less convoluted. These changes reached a peak by the end of 6 weeks. The mitochondria with the inclusions also showed an apparent decrease in incidence at the end of 4 weeks and were rarely encountered by the end of 6 weeks. The thyroid gland morphologially resembled a hypothroid state, indicating that gonadectomy depresses the function and, therefore, may affect the metabolic process controlled by the gland.
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Baccetti B, Dallai R, Pallini V, Rosati F, Afzelius BA. Protein of insect sperm mitochondrial crystals. Crystallomitin. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1977; 73:594-600. [PMID: 873991 PMCID: PMC2111423 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.73.3.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial derivatives of insect sperm usually contain a crystalline protein that shows a 45-nm main period, made up of 20-nm subperiods, determined by the coiling of filament bundles. Filaments are 2 nm thick and have a globular appearance. The crystals contain two main polypeptides, 52,000 and 55,000 daltons. These polypeptides are closely related, contain a high percentage of proline, and are insoluble in sodium dodecyl sulfate due to disulfide cross links. We suggest for this class of protein the name crystallomitin.
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Sawatzke CL, Heidger PM. Ultrastructure of crystalloid inclusions in the dog and rat epididymis. Tissue Cell 1977; 9:733-44. [PMID: 205011 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(77)90038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Suzuki Y, Kannerstein M. Ultrastructure of human malignant diffuse mesothelioma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1976; 85:241-62. [PMID: 998721 PMCID: PMC2032563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eleven cases of malignant diffuse mesotheliomas, histologically classified into two groups, epithelial (5 pleural and 3 peritoneal) and biphasic or mixed (2 pleural and 1 peritoneal) forms, were stuied by electron microscopy to elucidate their ultrastructural characteristics. The neoplastic cells of the epithelial forms were varied in ultrastructure, from well differentiated (marked by polarity, micovilli, glycogen granules, junctional structures, tonofilaments, intracellular vacuoles, and a basement membrane) to poorly differentiated (which lacked some of these epithelial characteristics). In four of eight instances in epithelial type tumors, nonepithelial or mesenchymal neoplastic cells were recognized. The biphasic or mixed cases included three major cell types: epithelial, atypical epithelial, and mesenchymal. It appeared that there were transitional forms among the three cell types. The observations support the concept that the neoplastic cell of malignant mesothelioma can differentiate into a number of cell lines.
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Nathaniel DR. Helical inclusions and atypical cristae in the mitochondria of the rabbit thyroid gland. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1976; 57:194-203. [PMID: 994285 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(76)80109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Intramitochondrial crystals are found in normal Hydra as well as in animals undergoing various conditions (budding, regenerating, eserine-treated, and sexual). They appear in all regions of the animal, but seem to be more prevalent at or near the extremities: hypostome, tentacles and basal disk. They are found in all of the seven basic cell types: interstitial, cnidocyte, nerve, epithelio-muscular, gland, mucous and digestive cells. The chemical nature of the intramitochondrial crystals is unknown and their significance remains speculative.
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31
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Morrison ES, Lee S, Scott RF, Kroms M, Frick J. Functional change in hepatic mitochondria of swine fed ethylchlorophenoxyisbutyrate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976; 36:99-110. [PMID: 179165 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(76)90030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Wall BJ, Oschman JL, Schmidt BA. Morphology and function of Malpighian tubules and associated structures in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J Morphol 1975; 146:265-306. [PMID: 1152069 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051460207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the different regions of the Malpighian tubules and the associated structures (ampulla, midgut, ileum) in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. There are about 150 tubules in each insect. Each tubule consists of at least three parts. The short distal region is thinner than the other parts and is highly contractile. The middle region comprises most of the tubule length and is composed of primary and stellate cells. Primary cells contain numerous refractile mineral concretions, while stellate cells have smaller nuclei, fewer organelles, simpler brush border, and numerous multivesicular bodies. Symbiont protozoa are sometimes present within the lumen of the middle region near where it opens into the proximal region of the tubule. The latter is a short region that drains the tubular fluid into one of the six ampullae. These are contractile diverticula of the intestine located at the midgut-hindgut junction. The ampulla is highly contractile, and consists of a layer of epithelial cells surrounding a cavity that opens into the gut via a narrow slit lined by cells of unusual morphology. The proximal region of the tubule and the ampulla resemble the midgut in that they have similar micromal origin and reabsorptive function for the proximal region of the tubule and for the ampulla. A number of inclusions found within the tubule cells are described, including peroxisomes and modified mitochondria. Current theories of fluid transport are evaluated with regard to physiological and morphological characteristics of Malpighian tubules. The possible role of long narrow channels such as those between microvilli and within basal folds is considered, as is the mechanism by which these structures are formed and maintained. Also discussed is the role of peroxisomes and symbionts in the excretory process.
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Donelli G, D'Uva V, Paoletti L. Ultrastructure of gliosomes in ependymal cells of the lizard. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1975; 50:253-63. [PMID: 163908 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(75)80055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Chaly NM, Haggis GH, Setterfield G. Occurrence, composition, and structure of mitochondrial crystals in pea-root epidermal cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1974; 49:321-30. [PMID: 4453022 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(74)90048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Galabova R, Petkov P. Intramitochondrial bodies in the B-cells of rat's pancreas treated by glybenclamide. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:539-40. [PMID: 4208980 DOI: 10.1007/bf01926340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Anderson RH, Zachariah K. On the structure, function, and distribution of filament bundles in apothecial cells of the fungus Ascobolus stercorarius. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1974; 46:375-92. [PMID: 4827201 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(74)90063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Ishihara T, Uchino F, Furutani H, Matsumoto N. Fine structure of cytoplasmic paracrystalline in human hepatic parenchymal cells. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1973; 23:705-15. [PMID: 4131635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1973.tb02770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Wakefield JS, Hicks RM. Bladder cancer and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. II. Sub-cellular changes associated with a single noncarcinogenic dose of MNU. Chem Biol Interact 1973; 7:165-79. [PMID: 4129199 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(73)90031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Morton DJ, Rowe RW, Macfarlane JJ. The formation of intracristal structures induced in skeletal muscle mitochondria by high pressure. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1973; 4:445-53. [PMID: 4723532 DOI: 10.1007/bf01648971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Aum�ller G, Forssmann WG. Riesenmitochondrien im �bergangsepithel der Harnblase des Maulwurfs. Cell Tissue Res 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00307213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Godula J. Intramitochondrial complexes of atypical structures in hepatocytes of Triturus alpestris (Laurenti). EXPERIENTIA 1972; 28:453-5. [PMID: 5036576 DOI: 10.1007/bf02008336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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43
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Benke B, Szendröi M. Myopathy with mitochondrial inclusions. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY 1971; 9:145-52. [PMID: 5001353 DOI: 10.1007/bf02894041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Morales R, Duncan D. Prismatic and other unusual arrays of mitochondrial cristae in astrocytes of cats and hamsters. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1971; 171:545-58. [PMID: 5128629 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091710410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Wakabayashi T, Smoly JM, Hatase O, Green DE. A lattice structure in beef heart mitochondria induced by phosphotungstic acid. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1971; 2:167-82. [PMID: 4944307 DOI: 10.1007/bf01648912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Tani E, Ametani T, Higashi N, Fujihara E. Atypical cristae in mitochondria of human glioblastoma multiforme cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 36:211-21. [PMID: 4327971 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Nakajima Y. Fine structure of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the bat with special reference to two types of synaptic endings. J Cell Biol 1971; 50:121-34. [PMID: 5563443 PMCID: PMC2108425 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.50.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body has been studied electron microscopically in two species of bat, Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus and Vespertilio superans, which were perfused with three different kinds of fixatives, osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde, and formaldehyde. Two types of synaptic endings are observed in the nucleus: the abundant calyciferous endings and the less frequently occurring "small-vesicle endings." The former endings vary greatly in size, and contain extended extracellular spaces between pre- and post-synaptic membranes. The latter endings are always small, without the extended extracellular spaces, and tend to lie side by side. In all of the materials perfused with three different fixatives, synaptic vesicles in the calyciferous endings are round in shape and larger than those in the small-vesicle endings. The shape of vesicles in the small-vesicle endings varies according to the kinds of fixatives used; round in osmium tetroxide-fixed materials, flattened in formaldehyde-fixed materials, and somewhat round or flattened in glutaraldehyde-fixed materials. It is suggested that the calyciferous endings are excitatory in nature and that the small-vesicle endings are inhibitory.
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Ruebner BH, Aguirre J, Brayton MA, Watanabe K. Inclusions with helical substructure in hepatocytic mitochondria of rhesus monkeys. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 35:499-507. [PMID: 4335051 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Saito A, Fleischer S. Intramitochondrial tubules in adrenal glands of rat. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 35:642-9. [PMID: 4335054 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Coons LB, Axtell RC. Ultrastructure of the excretory tubes of the miteMacrocheles muscaedomesticae (Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) with notes on altered mitochondria. J Morphol 1971; 133:319-337. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051330306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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