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Zoabi N, Golani-Armon A, Zinger A, Reshef M, Yaari Z, Vardi-Oknin D, Shatsberg Z, Shomar A, Shainsky-Roitman J, Schroeder A. The Evolution of Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery: From the EPR Effect to Nanoswimmers. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Goldstein DJ, Hartmann-Goldstein IJ. Accuracy and precision of a scanning and integrating microinterferometer. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1974.tb03975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Zhimulev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Shemshedini L, Lanoue M, Wilson TG. Evidence for a juvenile hormone receptor involved in protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Trapitz P, Wlaschek M, Bünemann H. Structure and function of Y chromosomal DNA. II. Analysis of lampbrush loop associated transcripts in nuclei of primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei by in situ hybridization using asymmetric RNA probes of four different families of repetitive DNA. Chromosoma 1988; 96:159-70. [PMID: 2450723 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
pSP64/65 subclones of four different families of repetitive sequences on the Y chromosome of Drosophila hydei were used for in vitro synthesis of labelled RNA. Pairs of RNA probes of opposite strand polarity were employed to analyse RNAs transcribed on, or associated with, various Y chromosomal lampbrush loops in nuclei of primary spermatocytes of D. hydei. The results of RNA filter analysis and in situ hybridization experiments can be generalized as follows: (1) Y-specific transcripts are heterogeneous in length and are synthesized on lampbrush loops. (2) Transcription of tandemly repeated sequences is usually strand specific. (3) Members of the same sequence family can be found in transcripts from different lampbrush loops. (4) Transcripts not coded by the Y chromosome are accumulated on different subregions of Y chromosomal lampbrush loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trapitz
- Institut für Genetik der Universität, Düsseldorf, Federal Republic of Germany
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6
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Holmgren P, Johansson T, Lambertsson A, Rasmuson B. Content of histone H1 and histone phosphorylation in relation to the higher order structures of chromatin in Drosophila. Chromosoma 1985; 93:123-31. [PMID: 3936687 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amount of histone H1 relative to core histones has been determined in three Drosophila species (D. melanogaster, D. texana and D. virilis) in chromatin from several tissues differing in chromatin structure and genetic activity. Low levels of H1 were found in relatively undifferentiated, early embryos as well as in a line of cultured cells. In late embryos the content of H1 was highest in D. virilis which possesses larger amounts of and a partially more compacted constitutive heterochromatin than the two other species. Polytene chromatin from larval salivary glands showed increased levels of H1 compared with diploid chromatin and the degree of phosphorylation of this histone was relatively low. The degree of phosphorylation of H2A was found to be drastically reduced in polytene as compared with diploid embryonic chromatin, which parallels the extensive underreplication of constitutive heterochromatin. Also, in diploid chromatin a qualitative correlation was observed between the relative amounts of heterochromatin and the levels of H2A phosphorylation. These findings suggest a connection between H2A phosphorylation and heavy compaction of interphase chromatin.
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7
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Vossen J, Leenders H, Knoppien W. A change in the affinity of larval α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in relation to the activity of the heat shock genes of Drosophila hydei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(83)90017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Kloetzel PM, Knust E, Schwochau M. Analysis of nuclear proteins in primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei: The correlation of nuclear proteins with the function of the Y chromosomal loops. Chromosoma 1981; 84:67-86. [PMID: 7297252 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The protein content of spermatocyte nuclei from X/Y males and mutants of D. hydei which lack different Y chromosomal loop forming sites, was compared with that of X/0 males in 14C/3H double labelling experiments. Proteins of 45,000, 52,000, 54,000, 66,000, 80,000, 84,000 and 170,000 Dalton are found to be enriched in nuclei containing two or more active Y chromosomal loop forming sites. These proteins are also present in the nuclei of X0 males. In the complete absence of the Y-chromosomal loops proteins of 35,000, 46,000, 58,000 and 110,000 Dalton become enriched in the spermatocyte nuclei. - Analysis of the nuclear RNP of spermatocytes led to the isolation of an hnRNP-containing fraction with an S-value of greater than 900S (RNP-PP), - In the RNP-PP of XY males labelled protein material associated with hnRNA is enriched by a factor of approximately 3 in respect to the X0 genotype. The nuclear RNP has a heterogenous buoyant density in CsCl of rho = 1.33 to 1.43 g/cm3. RNase T1 treatment of the crude nuclear RNP from XY males prior to sucrose gradient analysis shows that the 66,000 Dalton protein which is also strongly enriched in the nuclei in the presence of active Y chromosomal loop forming sites, is the main protein associated with protected RNA-sequences of 80-120- 300 nucleotides in length. Competitive nitrocellulose filter binding assays reveal that the 66,000 Dalton protein predominantly forms in 2 M NaCl stable RNA/protein complexes with the poly A+hnRNA of the RNP-PP. Those RNP complexes have a buoyant density of rho = 1.43 g/cm3 in CsCl. The results are discussed in relation to the nuclear structure and the function of the Y chromosomal loops during spermatogenesis in Drosophila hydei.
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Belew K, Brady T. Changes in phenol-soluble nuclear proteins correlated with puff induction in Drosophila hydei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(81)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Sass H. Features of in vitro puffing and RNA synthesis in polytene chromosomes of Chironomus. Chromosoma 1980; 78:33-78. [PMID: 6155245 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the causal relation between RNA synthesis and puffing in polytene chromosomes, salivary gland nuclei and chromosomes from Chironomus tentans and C. pallidivittatus (Diptera, Chironomidae) were isolated in the native state under controlled and optimized conditions. The behavior of the polytene chromatin in vitro as compared to that in vivo was studied morphologically and autoradiographically. It was shown that the absence of cytologically visible puffing does not necessarily indicate transcriptional quiescence. Under suitable conditions all potential puff sites incorporate the radioactive precursor simultaneously. This can be seen in vivo and even more clearly in chromosomes decondensed by 340-400 mM NaCl in vitro. Potential puff sites therefore appear to be permanently equipped with RNA-polymerases, and there is always a basic low level of transcriptive activity. Experimental shrinking of Balbiani rings and other puffs by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or heat shock in vivo, leaves the genes in the collapsed puffs still transcriptionally active, although to a reduced extent. Light optically visible puffing is therefore not a necessary prerequisite for RNA synthesis, while, conversely, RNA synthesis is required for puff formation.
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Abstract
Specific binding of the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone to imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster has been investigated. Evidence is presented showing that most of the specific binding is located in the nuclear fraction at the time changes in gene function are observed. Nuclear binding is high affinity, analog specific, apparently saturable, and unaffected by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The association kinetics of nuclear binding are very similar to those of specific binding in whole cells. Specific binding to whole discs and to disc nuclei is temperature-dependent, but equal levels of nuclear binding are achieved after 1 h at 25 degrees C and 8 h at 0-4 degrees C. There is little or no lag in the nuclear location of specific binding at either temperature. The biochemical properties of the specific nuclear binding are consistent with the involvement of these sites in the hormone detection and response system mediating imaginal disc morphogenesis.
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13
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Hermans L. Purification of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase from Drosophila hydei and comparison with the 'heat-shock' polypeptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 567:125-34. [PMID: 222325 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(79)90179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (NADH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC .6.99.3) from either Drosophila hydei larvae or embryos has been purified 150- and 120-fold, respectively. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous and showed a molecular weight of 57 000. The molecular weight of the nondenatured enzyme was 79 000. On isoelectro-focussing of the preparation, two fractions were observed, a major one with an isoelectric point of 6.2 and a minor fraction with an isoelectric point of 4.9. Straight-line kinetics in Lineweaver-Burk plots were observed for the purified enzyme with a Km of 0.040 mM. The Km was not changed during the purification procedure, suggesting that the enzyme was not denatured or inactivated. The pH optimum of the purified enzyme was 5.6. The molecular weight of the purified mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase does not correspond to that of one of the 'heat-shock' polypeptides.
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14
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Klages G, Emmerich H. Juvenile hormone binding proteins in the haemolymph of third instar larvae of Drosophila hydei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(79)90022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Pagés M, Alonso C. Chemical and conformational changes in chromosome regions being actively transcribed. Nucleic Acids Res 1978; 5:549-62. [PMID: 634798 PMCID: PMC342001 DOI: 10.1093/nar/5.2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
U.V. microspectrophotometry has been used to calculate quantities of nucleic acids and proteins of complete polytene chromosomal sets and specific regions of these chromosomes. It has been found that in chromosomes the ratio of DNA to proteins is approximately 1:4. This ratio however changes when specific regions are compared. The average ratio of DNA to proteins in a puffed region (2-48B4C5) increases to 1:16 in contrast to 1:6 from the same region but in non puffed state. At the same time the RNA quantity increases by a factor of 2. thermal denaturation profiles of formaldehyde fixed chromosomes show that the Tm of this region in puffed and non puffed state differ by 10 degrees C. Moreover these profiles suggest that a large fraction of histone-bound DNA is destabilized during puffing.
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16
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Lubsen NH, Redeker-Kuijpers AM. Macro and micro methods for isolation and injection of cell components from polytene tissues. Methods Cell Biol 1978; 17:81-7. [PMID: 703625 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Vossen JG, Leenders HJ, Derksen J, Jeucken G. Chromosomal puff induction in salivary glands from Drosophila hydei by arsenite. Exp Cell Res 1977; 109:277-83. [PMID: 913493 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Donini SD, Boyd JB. Sensitivity of wild type and recombination-deficient strains of Drosophila melanogaster to ultraviolet radiation. Mutat Res 1977; 44:53-62. [PMID: 408677 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(77)90114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster to ultraviolet light has been studied in wild type and recombination-deficient strains. Survival was measured as the proportion of irradiated embryos or larvae which developed to adult flies. In view of the fact that males of this species do not participate in meiotic recombination, emphasis was placed on the relative sensitivity of males and females. The results show that young wild type male larvae are more sensitive to UV radiation than are young female larvae. This difference in sensitivity, however, is not apparent in some recombination-deficient strains. In addition, young embryos of the recombination-deficient strain Df(3)sbd105/T(2;E)Xa are exceptionally sensitive to UV radiation.
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19
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Stein H. RNA synthesis with giant chromosomes of isolated Drosophila hydei nuclei as a correlate to the experimentally altered chromosome morphology. Exp Cell Res 1976; 103:1-14. [PMID: 991944 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(76)90234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Koninkx JF. Protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila hydei after experimental gene induction. Biochem J 1976; 158:623-8. [PMID: 985453 PMCID: PMC1164017 DOI: 10.1042/bj1580623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several treatments, namely incubation at 37 degrees C, in the presence of arsenite, 2,4-dinitrophenol or vitamin B-6, or release from anaerobiosis induce the same set of puffs in the polythene chromosomes of salivary glands of Drosophila hydei. Analysis of changes in protein-synthetic patterns (as determined by radioautography of sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoretograms of extracts from [35S]methionine-labelled salivary glands) showed that concomitant with puff induction by these various treatments the same six strongly labelled polypeptide bands appeared. The amount of radioactive label in these peptides accounted for 25% of the total incorporation of [35S]methionine, except during incubation at 37 degrees C when it accounted for about 50%. The rate of synthesis of these peptides was maximal 1 h after the start of the puff-inducing treatment. The rate of decay of the rate of synthesis showed first-order kinetics both after removal of the puff-inducing stimulus or in the presence of actinomycin, with a half-life of approx. 4h.
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Spindler KD. Initial characterization of chitinase and chitobiase from the integument of Drosophila hydei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(76)90017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Renkawitz R, Kunz W. Independent replication of the ribosomal RNA genes in the polytrophic-meroistic ovaries of Calliphora erythrocephala, Drosophila hydei, and Sarcophaga barbata. Chromosoma 1975; 53:131-40. [PMID: 1201686 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By filter saturation hybridizations the ribosomal (r)DNA contents of the ovaries Calliphora erythrocephala, Drosophila hydei, and Sarcophaga barbata have been measured in comparison to the rDNA percentages of their diploid brains. The measurements of the ovarian rDNA have been carried out on ovaries where the nurse cells in the distal egg chamber of the ovarioles had reached their highest ploidy level. The diploid rDNA content of each of the respective species was chosen as a 100% standard and the rDNA amounts of the ovaries were related to this 100% level. The results show that the ovaries of C. erythrocephala contain 135% rDNA whereas the rDNA contents in the ovaries of D. hydei and S. barbata are only 51% and 47%, respectively. Measurements carried out on isolated nuclei of the nurse cells and follicle cells in D. hydei show that both have a reduced rDNA content in comparison to the brains (45% and 70%, respectively). The data are discussed in relation to the problem of an rDNA amplification in the germ cells and an rDNA underreplication in polyploid nuclei.
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Sin YT. Induction of puffs in Drosophila salivary gland cells by mitochondrial factor(s). Nature 1975; 258:159-60. [PMID: 1186895 DOI: 10.1038/258159a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Koninkx JF. Induced transcription-dependent synthesis of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in Drosophila. Biochem J 1975; 152:17-22. [PMID: 1212223 PMCID: PMC1172434 DOI: 10.1042/bj1520017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands of Drosophila hydei recovering from an anaerobic treatment show a significant increase in apparent Vmax of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. This increase in Vmax is based on an increase in enzyme molecules resulting from synthesis de novo in the cytoplasm, as indicated by the inhibition by cycloheximide of both the increase in apparent Vmax and the increase in amino acid incorporation into enzyme fractions. The increase in enzyme activity is also inhibited by actinomycin D, which is in support of previous data indicating a casual relationship between transcription in puff 4-81B in the polytene chromosomes and an increase in apparent Vmax of the enzyme. Gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial protein extracts revealed three protein fractions with NADH dehydrogenase activity. All three fractions showed increased activity as well as increased amino acid labelling in glands recovering from anaerobiosis compared with control glands. The data suggest that the increase in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity in salivary glands recovering from an anaerobic treatment depends on increased gene transcription.
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Studies on the mitochondrial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of Drosophila larvae after induction of gene activity by anaerobiosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(75)90055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kress H, Enghofer E. Kinetic characteristics and ontogeny of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate-aminotransferase in Drosophila salivary glands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(75)90079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Abstract
It is reported that chromatin can be prepared from highly purified polytene nuclei from the salivary glands of third instar larvae of Drosophila hydei; such chromatin differs from that of diploid nuclei mainly by deficiencies in certain nonhistone chromosomal proteins. It is suggested that these proteins are important components of constitutive heterochromatin, which is severely underrepresented in polytene chromosomes. Chromosome morphology, including the pattern of induced puffs, is maintained throughout the mass isolation of glands and sucrose gradient purification of nuclei, as indicated by studies on temperature-shocked and control larvae. No significant alteration in the chromosomal proteins following puff induction by heat shock could be detected on analysis of the isolated protein fractions by disc gel electrophoresis. More sensitive techniques must be developed to study the apparent rearrangement or accumulation of protein at puff sites, and to elucidate the role of this protein in gene activation.
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Sekeris CE, Richter KH, Marx R. Isolation of nuclei from epidermis cells of larvae of the blowfly Calliphora vicina R.-D. Exp Cell Res 1974; 88:105-10. [PMID: 4418019 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Leenders HJ, Kemp A, Koninkx JF, Rosing J. Changes in cellular ATP, ADP and AMP levels following treatments affecting cellular respiration and the activity of certain nuclear genes in Drosophila salivary glands. Exp Cell Res 1974; 86:25-30. [PMID: 4831162 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Boyd JB, Presley JM. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated polytene nuclei of Drosophila hydei. Biochem Genet 1973; 9:309-25. [PMID: 4747550 DOI: 10.1007/bf00486067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Alonso C, Grootegoed JA. RNA synthesis in polytene salivary glands of Drosophila hydei maintained under in vitro conditions. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1973; 2:107-18. [PMID: 4792129 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(73)90026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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35
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Leenders HJ, Derksen J, Maas PMJM, Berendes HD. Selective induction of a giant puff in Drosophila hydei by vitamin B6 and derivatives. Chromosoma 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00396502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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37
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Hennig W. Highly repetitive DNA sequences in the genome of Drosophila hydei. II. Occurrence in polytene tissues. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:419-31. [PMID: 4635992 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Leenders HJ, Beckers PJ. The effect of changes in the respiratory metabolism upon genome activity. A correlation between induced gene activity and an increase in activity of a respiratory enzyme. J Cell Biol 1972; 55:257-65. [PMID: 5076777 PMCID: PMC2108807 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.55.2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro regression of experimentally induced chromosome puffs was investigated in explanted salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila hydei. It was observed that the regression of the puffs 2-32A, 2-36A, 2-48C, and 4-81B is accelerated if substrates for the respiratory metabolism are supplied to the cells. A similar effect can be produced by addition of KCN or oligomycin to medium in which intact salivary glands are incubated. The acceleration of puff regression by these substances occurs not only if the puff-inducing stimulus is removed but as well under conditions in which the stimulus is maintained. Regression of the puffs 2-32A, 2-36A, and 4-81B is inhibited if cycloheximide is present in the incubation medium. Chloramphenicol has no effect on puff regression. Measurements on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of salivary glands revealed an increase in enzyme activity of 41 %. Maximum increase is attained at 30 min after the induced puffs have reached their maximum size. The increase in enzyme activity does not occur if the glands are kept in a medium containing either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Chloramphenicol does not inhibit the increase in enzyme activity. The possible relationship between puff activity and its control as a result of changes in the respiratory metabolism is discussed.
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Lambertsson AG. The ribosomal proteins of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Comparison of protein patterns of ribosomes from larvae, pupae and adult flies by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 118:215-22. [PMID: 4628337 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Boyd JB, Logan WR. Developmental variations of a deoxyribonuclease in the salivary glands of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1972; 1:107-18. [PMID: 4670877 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(72)90033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Helmsing PJ. Induced accumulation of non-histone proteins in polytene nuclei of Drosophila hydei. II. Accumulation of proteins in polytene nuclei and chromatin of different larval tissues. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1972; 1:19-24. [PMID: 4670873 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(72)90109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Leenders HJ, Berendes HD. The effect of changes in the respiratory metabolism upon genome activity in Drosophila. I. The induction of gene activity. Chromosoma 1972; 37:433-44. [PMID: 4340915 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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44
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45
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46
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Zweidler A, Cohen LH. Large-scale isolation and fractionation of organs of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1971; 51:240-8. [PMID: 5000070 PMCID: PMC2108257 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.51.1.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for the mass isolation of diverse organs from small animals are described. They involve novel devices: a mechanical dissecting system, a centrifugal agitator for the separation of fibrillar from globular particles, and a settling chamber for the fractionation at unit gravity of particles with sedimentation velocities above the useful range for centrifugation. The application of these methods to the isolation of polytene and nonpolytene nuclei from Drosophila melanogaster larvae is described.
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Hennig W, Meer B. Reduced polyteny of ribosomal RNA cistrons in giant chromosomes of Drosophila hydei. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 233:70-2. [PMID: 5286999 DOI: 10.1038/newbio233070a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Helmsing PJ. Isolation and partial characterization of the labeled product from polytene nuclei incubated in vitro with amino acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 232:733-5. [PMID: 5556853 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cohen LH, Gotchel BV. Histones of Polytene and Nonpolytene Nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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