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Hasapis S, Caraballo I, Lee CL. Transplantation of Unirradiated Bone Marrow Cells after Total-Body Irradiation Prevents the Development of Thymic Lymphoma in Mice through Niche Competition. Radiat Res 2021; 195:301-306. [PMID: 33347573 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00221.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma are commonly used to study the biological effects of total-body irradiation (TBI) on the formation of hematologic malignancies. It is well documented that radiation-induced thymic lymphoma can be inhibited by protecting the bone marrow (BM) from irradiation; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to address this question by performing transplantation of BM cells from genetically engineered mice that have defects in tumor immunosurveillance or occupying different thymic niches. We found that BM cells from mice that have impaired tumor immunosurveillance, by deleting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ) or perforin-1 (PRF1), remained sufficient to suppress the formation of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma. On the other hand, BM cells from Rag2-/-; γc-/- mice and Rag2-/- mice, which have defects in occupying thymic niches beyond double negative (DN2) and DN3, respectively, failed to inhibit radiation-induced lymphomagenesis in the thymus. Taken together, based on our findings, we propose a model where unirradiated BM cells suppress radiation-induced lymphomagenesis in the thymus by competing with tumor-initiating cells for thymic niches beyond the DN3 stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Isibel Caraballo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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HOOGHE R, HOOGHE-PETERS E, SNICK J. Interleukin-6 Production in Murine T-cell Lymphomas. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Smith-Berdan S, Gille D, Weissman IL, Christensen JL. Reversal of autoimmune disease in lupus-prone New Zealand black/New Zealand white mice by nonmyeloablative transplantation of purified allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2007; 110:1370-8. [PMID: 17435112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) refractory to conventional treatment are candidates for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation if the intent is to reset the immunologic clock. These patients might be candidates for allotransplantation with (SLE)-resistant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype-matched HSC if partial or complete replacement of an autoimmune-prone system is the intent. Using lupus-prone New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZBW) mice, we investigated the use of highly enriched, haplomismatched, allogeneic HSC to prevent development of or to treat established autoimmune pathology. Young NZBW mice receiving purified allogeneic HSC transplants had improved survival, decreased proteinuria, circulating immune complexes, and autoantibodies to nuclear antigens than did untreated mice or mice given NZBW HSCs. NZBW mice with established lupus-like disease that received nonmyeloablative conditioning and transplants of (MHC) haplomismatched allogeneic HSCs also had greatly increased overall survival. Mice that received transplants exhibited stabilization or reversal of their lupus symptoms; stabilized or decreased proteinuria, and a lower frequency of elevated circulating immune complexes or autoantibodies than did control mice. Induction of durable mixed chimerism by transplantation of purified allogeneic HSCs after nonmyeloablative conditioning has the potential to reverse symptoms of established NZBW lupus.
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Hossain MS, Roback JD, Pollack BP, Jaye DL, Langston A, Waller EK. Chronic GvHD decreases antiviral immune responses in allogeneic BMT. Blood 2007; 109:4548-56. [PMID: 17289817 PMCID: PMC1885501 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-017442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is associated with functional immunodeficiency and an increased risk of opportunistic infections in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We used a parent to F1 model of allogeneic BMT to test the hypothesis that cGvHD leads to impaired antigen-specific antiviral immunity and compared BM transplant recipients with cGvHD to control groups of allogeneic BM transplant recipients without GvHD. Mice with and without cGvHD received a nonlethal dose of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) +100 days after transplantation. Recipients with cGvHD had more weight loss and higher viral loads in the spleen and liver. MCMV infection led to greater than 25-fold expansion of donor spleen-derived MCMV peptide-specific tetramer-positive CD8(+) T cells in blood of transplant recipients with and without cGvHD, but mice with cGvHD had far fewer antigen-specific T cells in peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs. The immunosuppression associated with cGvHD was confirmed by vaccinating transplant recipients with and without cGvHD using a recombinant Listeria expressing MCMV early protein (Lm-MCMV). Secondary adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from donor mice with or without cGvHD into lymphopenic congenic recipients showed that cGvHD impaired tissue-specific homing of antigen-specific T cells. These results indicate that cGvHD causes an intrinsic immunosuppression and explain, in part, the functional immunodeficiency in allogeneic transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Hossain
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ranger AM, Zha J, Harada H, Datta SR, Danial NN, Gilmore AP, Kutok JL, Le Beau MM, Greenberg ME, Korsmeyer SJ. Bad-deficient mice develop diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:9324-9. [PMID: 12876200 PMCID: PMC170917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1533446100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The proapoptotic activity of the "BH3-only" molecule BAD can be differentially regulated by survival factor signaling. Bad-deficient mice lacking both BAD long and BAD short proteins proved viable, and most cell types appeared to develop normally. BAD did not exclusively account for cell death after withdrawal of survival factors, but it was an intermediate for epidermal growth factor- or insulin-like growth factor I-countered apoptosis, consistent with a "sensitizing" BH3-only molecule. Lymphocytes developed normally with no premalignant hyperplasia, but they displayed subtle abnormalities in proliferation and IgG production. Despite the minimal phenotype, Bad-deficient mice progressed, with aging, to diffuse large B cell lymphoma of germinal center origin. Exposure of Bad-null mice to sublethal gamma-irradiation resulted in an increased incidence of pre-T cell and pro-/pre-B cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Thus, proapoptotic BAD suppresses tumorigenesis in the lymphocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Ranger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Yefenof E. Murine models of thymic lymphomas: premalignant scenarios amenable to prophylactic therapy. Adv Immunol 1999; 73:511-39. [PMID: 10399012 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Yefenof
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
RadLV-induced leukemogenesis begins with the emergence of a pleioclonal population of preleukemic (PL) cells, which subsequently gives rise to a monoclonal lymphoma. We have recently found that the pleioclonal-->monoclonal transition may occur early during the PL latency and long before the eruption of a full blown lymphoma. We sought to find out what causes one PL clone to become dominant. Our working hypothesis was that a dominant clone(s) at the PL stage has the ability to inhibit the development of other, recessive clones. Since some premalignant characteristics of a progenitor clone are probably maintained in the descending lymphoma, we studied whether tumors that developed after injection of a high dose (HD) of PL cells were dominant over tumors that developed after injection of a limiting dose (LD) of PL cells. To identify dominant clones, HD and LD lymphomas were mixed in a co-culture and the outgrowth of one clone over the other was determined by T beta-TCR rearrangement analysis. A checker-board combination of seven lymphomas revealed a dominance hierarchy scale. Lymphomas induced directly by the virus (without transfer) were dominant over both HD and LD lymphomas. High dose lymphomas were dominant over LD lymphomas and LD lymphomas were always recessive. The speed at which a dominant lymphoma outgrew the co-culture suggested that dominance is acquired through the ability of the prevailing cells to actively suppress the growth of recessive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Avni
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Yefenof E, Kotler M. Radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis: a paradigm of preleukemia and its control by preventive therapy. Adv Cancer Res 1995; 66:293-312. [PMID: 7793318 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Yefenof
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kotler M, Ruchlemer R, Avni O, Yefenof E. Radiation leukemogenesis: quantitative relationship between pre-leukemic cells in the thymus and lymphoma induction. Int J Cancer 1994; 56:761-5. [PMID: 8314355 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910560525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fractionated irradiation of C57BL/6 mice induces a population of pre-leukemic (PL) cells that progress into mature thymic lymphomas after a latency of 4 to 6 months. Transfer of graded numbers of thymocytes from an irradiated mouse into recipient mice indicated that PL cells first appear in the thymus 6 weeks after irradiation. The initial proportion of the thymic PL cells is > or = 10(-5) and their frequency continuously increases with time, reaching > or = 10(-3) 10 weeks after irradiation. The PL cell population that emerges early during the pre-malignant latency consists of pleioclonal T lymphocytes. However, within 4 weeks a dominant PL clone can be detected which becomes the progenitor of a clonal lymphoma 9 to 15 weeks later. These results suggest that radiation leukemogenesis involves continuous accumulation of pleioclonal PL cells in the thymus, one of which is then selected for further maturation into frank lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kotler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lieberman M, Hansteen GA, Waller EK, Weissman IL, Sen-Majumdar A. Unexpected effects of the severe combined immunodeficiency mutation on murine lymphomagenesis. J Exp Med 1992; 176:399-405. [PMID: 1500852 PMCID: PMC2119309 DOI: 10.1084/jem.176.2.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain C.B17 scid/scid (SCID) mice, which lack functional T and B lymphocytes, show heightened susceptibility to the induction of thymic lymphomas by x-irradiation. Susceptibility is highest in thymus-chimeric SCID-BL mice (thymectomized SCID mice bearing a C57BL thymus graft). All SCID-BL lymphomas originate in the cells of the thymic graft (C57BL type) and lack murine leukemia virus expression. Both SCID and SCID-BL lymphomas are phenotypically CD4-8+ and/or CD4+8+, but only the SCID-BL tumors express CD3. Injection of C57BL or BALB/c bone marrow into irradiated SCID-BL mice prevents lymphoma development, but SCID marrow is completely ineffective. The results suggest that the scid condition enhances the activity of a putative lymphomagenic agent induced in the bone marrow by x-irradiation and that C57BL thymic cells are highly sensitive targets. Moreover, the failure of SCID bone marrow to protect against lymphomagenesis vs. the efficacy of marrow from immunocompetent donors points to involvement of T or B lineage cells in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lieberman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305
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Yefenof E, Ela C, Kotler M, Vitetta ES. Induction of IL-4 secretion by the radiation leukemia virus (RadLV): role in autocrine growth stimulation of RadLV infected pre-leukemic cells. Int J Cancer 1992; 50:481-5. [PMID: 1735616 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910500325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intrathymic inoculation of radiation-leukemia virus (RadLV) into C57BL/6 mice induces a population of pre-leukemic (PL) T cells which progress into clonal, mature thymic lymphomas after a latency period of 3 to 5 months. In order to understand how PL cells are retained in the thymus for a prolonged period of time we determined whether RadLV infected cells secrete and/or respond to a T-cell growth factor that may be involved in the long-term maintenance of a thymic PL-cell pool. We have previously found that in vitro proliferation of RadLV-infected PL cells is IL-4-dependent. Here we show that RadLV induces IL-4 secretion and IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) expression in normal thymic lymphocytes. RadLV-infected PL thymocytes express IL-4R and secrete IL-4. Their IL-4 secretion could be enhanced if incubated in the presence of RadLV and this enhancement was inhibited by anti-RadLV antibodies. Several RadLV-induced lymphoma lines secreted IL-4 and/or expressed IL-4R, but these features were not essential for their continuous growth. The results suggest that RadLV induces IL-4-dependent autocrine growth which maintains a population of PL T cells in the thymus. Transition from a PL state to overt thymic lymphoma involves emancipation of a PL cell from IL-4 dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yefenof
- Lautenberg Center for General & Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Irons RD, Cathro HP, Stillman WS, Steinhagen WH, Shah RS. Susceptibility to 1,3-butadiene-induced leukemogenesis correlates with endogenous ecotropic retroviral background in the mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989; 101:170-6. [PMID: 2552616 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(89)90222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed marked differences in the pattern of carcinogenesis between rats and mice exposed to 1,3-butadiene (BD) that do not appear to be readily explained on the basis of pharmacokinetics or metabolism. Chronic exposure of B6C3F1 mice to BD produces a high incidence of thymic lymphoma (TL) that is not observed in rats. The potential of the endogenous ecotropic retroviral background to influence susceptibility to BD leukemogenesis was examined by comparing the incidence of TL between B6C3F1 and NIH swiss mice. Proviral ecotropic sequences are truncated in the NIH Swiss mouse, and the virus is not expressed. Chronic exposure to BD (1250 ppm) for up to 1 year resulted in a fourfold difference in the incidence of TL between B6C3F1 (57%) and NIH Swiss (14%) mice. These results provide presumptive evidence for retrovirus involvement since NIH Swiss mice lack ecotropic viruses and appear to be relatively resistant to induction of lymphoma by BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Irons
- Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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Yukawa K, Kikutani H, Inomoto T, Uehira M, Bin SH, Akagi K, Yamamura K, Kishimoto T. Strain dependency of B and T lymphoma development in immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E mu)-myc transgenic mice. J Exp Med 1989; 170:711-26. [PMID: 2504875 PMCID: PMC2189448 DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.3.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transgenic mice were produced by injecting eggs of B6 and C3H/HeJ mice with the human E mu-myc gene. Preferential development of B lymphomas was observed in the B6 transgenic mice, whereas the C3H/HeJ transgenic mice developed mostly T lymphomas. The phenotypic activation of B lineage cells but not of T lineage cells was detected in the prelymphomatous transgenic mice of both strains. The transgene was similarly expressed in B and T cells of the transgenic mice of both strains. These results suggest that a high incidence of T lymphomas in the C3H/HeJ transgenic mice may not be due to the preferential activation of or the preferential E mu-myc expression in T lymphocytes. When the bone marrow or fetal liver cells from the prelymphomatous transgenic mice of both strains were transferred into irradiated normal C3H/HeJ mice, most of the recipients developed T lymphomas. Moreover, even when irradiated B6 mice received the hematopoietic stem cells from the prelymphomatous B6 transgenic mice, the incidence of T lymphoma increased up to 50%. These findings suggest that B6 and C3H/HeJ mice might provide the environment that supports the development or growth of B and T lymphomas, respectively, and that such an environment could be modified by irradiation of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yukawa
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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Baylac-Kalabokias H, Astier-Gin T, Borremans B, Legrand E, Hooghe R, Houben-Defresne MP, Janowski M, Duplan JF, Guillemain B. Evidence of recombinant ecotropic provirus integration in thymic lymphomas induced by direct or indirect radiation effects. Leuk Res 1989; 13:131-43. [PMID: 2538683 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(89)90137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several investigators described the occurrence of ecotropic recombinant proviruses in the DNA of in-vivo or in-vitro propagated radio-induced lymphomas, but such proviruses were never detected in primary tumors. To assess their biological significance in the tumorigenic process, we reinvestigated the presence of new proviruses chiefly in primary radio-induced tumors and in models of radioleukemogenesis which could give additional support for their role. Such models included thymic lymphomas originating after (i) graft of non-irradiated thymuses in thymectomized irradiated mice and (ii) the injection of a B-ecotropic retrovirus (T1223/B) in association with a subleukemogenic dose of irradiation. We report for the first time that new ecotropic proviral sequences are encountered in a significant number (30%) of primary lymphomas induced directly by irradiation or indirectly in non-irradiated thymuses grafted in irradiated hosts. The existence of a 3.5-kbp Kpn1 restriction fragment with ecotropic sequences in the digested DNA of these tumor cells indicates that these new sequences belong to an ecotropic provirus recombinant in the gag-pol region. We observed that most of the primary radio-induced tumors in which novel recombinant provirus could be detected, displayed the integration at a single or at a few sites, demonstrating their clonality with respect to viral integration. The same was observed in thymic lymphomas arising after T1223/B virus injection and irradiation and in in-vivo or in-vitro propagated tumors. Altogether, these data bring the first evidence of the integration of ecotropic recombinant proviral genomes in a significant number of primary radiation induced thymic lymphomas and of their possible role in view of their frequent occurrence in grafted thymomas.
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