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Chakraborty S, Mishra A, Choudhuri A, Bhaumik T, Sengupta R. Leveraging the redundancy of S-denitrosylases in response to S-nitrosylation of caspases: Experimental strategies and beyond. Nitric Oxide 2024; 149:18-31. [PMID: 38823434 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Redox-based protein posttranslational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation of critical, active site cysteine thiols have garnered significant clinical attention and research interest, reasoning for one of the crucial biological implications of reactive messenger molecule, nitric oxide in the cellular repertoire. The stringency of the S-(de)nitrosylation-based redox switch governs the activity and contribution of several susceptible enzymes in signal transduction processes and diverse pathophysiological settings, thus establishing it as a transient yet reasonable, and regulated mechanism of NO adduction and release. Notably, endogenous proteases like cytosolic and mitochondrial caspases with a molecular weight ranging from 33 to 55 kDa are susceptible to performing this biochemistry in the presence of major oxidoreductases, which further unveils the enormous redox-mediated regulational control of caspases in the etiology of diseases. In addition to advancing the progress of the current state of understanding of 'redox biochemistry' in the field of medicine and enriching the existing dynamic S-nitrosoproteome, this review stands as a testament to an unprecedented shift in the underpinnings for redundancy and redox relay between the major redoxin/antioxidant systems, fine-tuning of which can command the apoptotic control of caspases at the face of nitro-oxidative stress. These intricate functional overlaps and cellular backups, supported rationally by kinetically favorable reaction mechanisms suggest the physiological relevance of identifying and involving such cognate substrates for cellular S-denitrosylases that can shed light on the bigger picture of extensively proposing targeted therapies and redox-based drug designing to potentially alleviate the side effects of NOx/ROS in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Tamal Bhaumik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India.
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2
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Gheyas R, Menko AS. The involvement of caspases in the process of nuclear removal during lens fiber cell differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:386. [PMID: 37865680 PMCID: PMC10590423 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal differentiation of lens fiber cells involves elimination of their organelles, which must occur while still maintaining their functionality throughout a lifetime. Removal of non-nuclear organelles is accomplished through induction of autophagy following the spatiotemporal suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis. However, blocking this pathway is not alone sufficient to induce removal of fiber cell nuclei. While the final steps in fiber cell nuclear elimination are highlighted by the appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei, which are associated with activation of the lens-specific DNaseIIβ, there are many steps in the process that precede the appearance of double stranded DNA breaks. We showed that this carefully regulated process, including the early changes in nuclear morphology resulting in nuclear condensation, cleavage of lamin B, and labeling by pH2AX, is reminiscent of the apoptotic process associated with caspase activation. Multiple caspases are known to be expressed and activated during lens cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the link between two caspase downstream targets associated with apoptosis, ICAD, whose cleavage by caspase-3 leads to activation of CAD, a DNase that can create both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavages, and lamin B, a primary component of the nuclear lamina. We discovered that the specific inhibition of caspase-3 activation prevents both lamin B and DNA cleavage. Inhibiting caspase-3 did not prevent nuclear condensation or removal of the nuclear membrane. In contrast, a pan-caspase inhibitor effectively suppressed condensation of fiber cell nuclei during differentiation. These studies provide evidence that caspases play an important role in the process of removing fiber cell nuclei during lens differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifah Gheyas
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US.
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3
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Hartley B, Bassiouni W, Schulz R, Julien O. The roles of intracellular proteolysis in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:38. [PMID: 37768438 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of human mortality worldwide. One form of ischemic heart disease is ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by the reintroduction of blood supply to ischemic cardiac muscle. The short and long-term damage that occurs due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is partly due to the proteolysis of diverse protein substrates inside and outside of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia-reperfusion activates several diverse intracellular proteases, including, but not limited to, matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases. This review will focus on the biological roles, intracellular localization, proteolytic targets, and inhibitors of these proteases in cardiomyocytes following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recognition of the intracellular function of each of these proteases includes defining their activation, proteolytic targets, and their inhibitors during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review is a step toward a better understanding of protease activation and involvement in ischemic heart disease and developing new therapeutic strategies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Hartley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Olivier Julien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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4
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Balachandran C, Hirose M, Tanaka T, Zhu JJ, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Yamada Y, Aoki S. Design and Synthesis of Poly(2,2'-Bipyridyl) Ligands for Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells: Control of Anticancer Activity by Complexation/Decomplexation with Biorelevant Metal Cations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14615-14631. [PMID: 37642721 PMCID: PMC10498496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chelation therapy is a medical procedure for removing toxic metals from human organs and tissues and for the treatment of diseases by using metal-chelating agents. For example, iron chelation therapy is designed not only for the treatment of metal poisoning but also for some diseases that are induced by iron overload, cancer chemotherapy, and related diseases. However, the use of such metal chelators needs to be generally carried out very carefully, because of the side effects possibly due to the non-specific complexation with intracellular metal cations. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of some new poly(bpy) ligands (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridyl) that contain one-three bpy ligand moieties and their anticancer activity against Jurkat, MOLT-4, U937, HeLa S3, and A549 cell lines. The results of MTT assays revealed that the tris(bpy) and bis(bpy) ligands exhibit potent activity for inducing the cell death in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies suggest that the main pathway responsible for the cell death by these poly(bpy) ligands is apoptotic cell death. It was also found that the anticancer activity of the poly(bpy) ligands could be controlled by the complexation (anticancer activity is turned OFF) and decomplexation (anticancer activity is turned ON) with biorelevant metal cations. In this paper, these results will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirose
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Jie Zhu
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya
City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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5
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Han YH, Wang Y, Lee SJ, Jin MH, Sun HN, Kwon T. Regulation of anoikis by extrinsic death receptor pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:227. [PMID: 37667281 PMCID: PMC10478316 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells can develop anoikis resistance in the absence of substrate attachment and survive to fight tumors. Anoikis is mediated by endogenous mitochondria-dependent and exogenous death receptor pathways, and studies have shown that caspase-8-dependent external pathways appear to be more important than the activity of the intrinsic pathways. This paper reviews the regulation of anoikis by external pathways mediated by death receptors. Different death receptors bind to different ligands to activate downstream caspases. The possible mechanisms of Fas-associated death domain (FADD) recruitment by Fas and TNF receptor 1 associated-death domain (TRADD) recruitment by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), and DR4- and DR5-associated FADD to induce downstream caspase activation and regulate anoikis were reviewed. This review highlights the possible mechanism of the death receptor pathway mediation of anoikis and provides new insights and research directions for studying tumor metastasis mechanisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Mehl JL, Earle A, Lammerding J, Mhlanga M, Vogel V, Jain N. Blockage of lamin-A/C loss diminishes the pro-inflammatory macrophage response. iScience 2022; 25:105528. [PMID: 36465100 PMCID: PMC9708799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and defects in nuclear lamins can cause major pathologies, including inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. We now report that the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, as induced by LPS or pathogenic E. coli, reduces Lamin-A/C levels thereby augmenting pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion. We show that the activation of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) causes the phosphorylation and degradation of Lamin-A/C, as mediated by CDK1 and Caspase-6, respectively, necessary for upregulating IFN-β expression. Enhanced IFN-β expression subsequently increases pro-inflammatory gene expression via the IFN-β-STAT axis. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was also amplified in the complete absence of Lamin-A/C. Alternatively, pharmacological inhibition of either Lamin-A/C phosphorylation or degradation significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression, as did the targeting of IFN-β-STAT pathway members, i.e. phospho-STAT1 and phospho-STAT3. As Lamin-A/C is a previously unappreciated regulator of the pro-inflammatory macrophage response, our findings suggest novel opportunities to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Earle
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland,Corresponding author
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland,Corresponding author
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7
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Role of Caspases and Gasdermin A during HSV-1 Infection in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092034. [PMID: 36146839 PMCID: PMC9504851 DOI: 10.3390/v14092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can manifest locally as mucocutaneous lesions or keratitis and can also spread to the central nervous system to cause encephalitis. HSV-1 establishes a lifelong latent infection and neither cure nor vaccine is currently available. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against infection. Caspases and gasdermins are important components of innate immunity. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, most of which mediate regulated cell death. Gasdermins are a family of pore-forming proteins that trigger lytic cell death. To determine whether caspases or gasdermins contribute to innate immune defenses against HSV-1, we screened mice deficient in specific cell death genes. Our results indicate a modest role for caspase-6 in defense against HSV-1. Further, Asc–/–Casp1/11–/– mice also had a modest increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. Caspase-7, -8, and -14 did not have a notable role in controlling HSV-1 infection. We generated Gsdma1-Gsdma2-Gsdma3 triple knockout mice, which also had normal susceptibility to HSV-1. We confirmed that the previously published importance of RIPK3 during systemic HSV-1 infection also holds true during skin infection. Overall, our data highlight that as a successful pathogen, HSV-1 has multiple ways to evade host innate immune responses.
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8
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Peixoto PMG, Cunha LL, Barbosa L, Coelho W, Podico G, Bicalho RC, Canisso IF, Lima FS. Evaluation of Recombinant Bovine Interleukin-8 (rbIL-8) as a Treatment for Chronic Intramammary Infection in Dairy Cows. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081029. [PMID: 36009897 PMCID: PMC9405456 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the main contributors to antimicrobial resistance in livestock, so alternative therapies are being investigated to address it. The present study assessed the capability of recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (rbIL-8) to improve neutrophil function in the mammary gland and resolve chronic high somatic cell count (SCC) in Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 8) with more than 300,000 SCC per mL were allocated to one of two intramammary infusions: saline (10 mL of saline solution) or rbIL-8 (1.57 mg/mL of recombinant bovine IL-8 diluted in 9 mL of saline). In addition, there was an untreated control group (n = 2, SCC < 300,000 SCC/mL). Milk samples were collected post-treatment at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 144 h to quantify milk SCC, haptoglobin, and IgG concentrations. Neutrophil’s phagocytosis in milk and blood was evaluated via flow cytometry at 0, 24, and 48 h. The log of SCC did not differ between the infused groups (p = 0.369). Neutrophils presented a similar log of cells with high fluorescence for propidium-iodide (PI) and dihydrorhodamine (DHR) in milk (p = 0.412) and blood samples (p = 0.766) in both infused groups. Intramammary infusion of 1.57 mg/mL of rbIL-8 did not improve neutrophils response and failed to resolve chronic high SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. G. Peixoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive, and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lais L. Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
| | - Leonardo Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
| | - Wilson Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Rodrigo C. Bicalho
- Fera Diagnostics and Biologicals Corporation, College Station, TX 77802, USA;
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (P.M.G.P.); (L.L.C.); (L.B.); (W.C.J.); (G.P.); (I.F.C.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Fabio S. Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Lu Y, Jurchuk S, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Recent advances in optical label-free characterization of extracellular vesicles. NANOPHOTONICS 2022; 11:2827-2863. [PMID: 35880114 PMCID: PMC9128385 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex biological nanoparticles endogenously secreted by all eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a specific molecular cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids derived from cells of origin and play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of cells, organs, and organisms. Upon release, they may be found in different body fluids that can be easily accessed via noninvasive methodologies. Due to the unique information encoded in their molecular cargo, they may reflect the state of the parent cell and therefore EVs are recognized as a rich source of biomarkers for early diagnostics involving liquid biopsy. However, body fluids contain a mixture of EVs released by different types of healthy and diseased cells, making the detection of the EVs of interest very challenging. Recent research efforts have been focused on the detection and characterization of diagnostically relevant subpopulations of EVs, with emphasis on label-free methods that simplify sample preparation and are free of interfering signals. Therefore, in this paper, we review the recent progress of the label-free optical methods employed for the detection, counting, and morphological and chemical characterization of EVs. We will first briefly discuss the biology and functions of EVs, and then introduce different optical label-free techniques for rapid, precise, and nondestructive characterization of EVs such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and SERS spectroscopy. In the end, we will discuss their applications in the detection of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer and provide an outlook on the future impact and challenges of these technologies to the field of liquid biopsy via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Imanbekova
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yao Lu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, 1006, Montreal, QC, H3C6W1, Canada
| | - Sarah Jurchuk
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, Rm#350, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 University St., MC362, Montreal, H3A 0E9l, Canada
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10
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Yao Y, Zhang J, Tian P, Li L, Huang X, Nawutayi M, Huang Y, Zhang C. Passive smoking induces rat testicular injury via the FAS/FASL pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:61-69. [PMID: 31476926 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1659807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which cigarette smoke (CS) exposure has a detrimental effect on the male reproductive system is still not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate the role of cigarette smoke-induced injury by the Fas/FasL pathway by using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of cigarette smoking exposure. Here, 200 rats were randomaly divided into five groups with different smoking exposure durations. Forty animals per group were further divided into four groups: a control group, and groups exposed to cigarette smoke at doses of 10, 20 or 30 cigarettes/day. The testes were harvested and the effects of CS exposure on the testis were characterized on the basis of morphological changes, oxidative stress, and a significant elevation in the expression of FAS/FASL pathway related genes, such as FAS, FASL, FADD, caspase 8 and caspase 3. Oxidative stress was reflected by significant time-dependent changes in SOD and GSH-Px activity, and MDA content. Taken together, our data suggest that CS exposure induces testis injury, which is related to the increased oxidative stress and activation of the FAS/FASL apoptotic pathway in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yao
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Maitinashi Nawutayi
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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11
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Contribution of Apaf-1 to the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2021; 190:91-110. [PMID: 34298080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of apoptosis is associated with various pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders at one end of the spectrum and cancer at the other end. Generally speaking, differentiated cells like cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes and neurons exhibit low levels of Apaf-1 (Apoptotic protease activating factor 1) protein suggesting that down-regulation of Apaf-1 is an important event contributing to the resistance of these cells to apoptosis. Nonetheless, upregulation of Apaf-1 has not emerged as a common phenomenon in pathologies associated with enhanced neuronal cell death, i.e., neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, on the other hand, Apaf-1 downregulation is a common phenomenon, which occurs through various mechanisms including mRNA hyper-methylation, gene methylation, Apaf-1 localization in lipid rafts, inhibition by microRNAs, phosphorylation, and interaction with specific inhibitors. Due to the diversity of these mechanisms and involvement of other factors, defining the exact contribution of Apaf-1 to the development of cancer in general and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, is complicated. The current review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive image of Apaf-1's contribution to the pathologies observed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases with the emphasis on the therapeutic aspects of Apaf-1 as an important target in these pathologies.
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12
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Guven S, Sal H, Guven ESG. Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum May Alter Ovarian Apoptosis: An Experimental Study. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:91-95. [PMID: 34040967 PMCID: PMC8140544 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_96_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian immunohistochemical CD95 expression in a rabbit carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum model. Materials and Methods: The study group including seven rabbits was subjected to intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) (12 mmHg); the control group was not subjected to IAP (the sham group, n = 7). At the end of the experiment, ovariectomy was performed. Immunohistochemical stained histologic specimen of the ovary with CD95 was evaluated. Based on the degree of cytoplasmic or membranous staining for CD95 from 0 (none) to 3 (severe), a microscopic apoptosis scoring system was used. Results: Statistically significantly higher apoptosis scores in ovarian surface epithelial cells (2.57 ± 0.53, vs. 1.14 ± 0.38, P = 0.002, Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively), follicular epithelial cells (2.85 ± 0.38, vs. 1.85 ± 0.38, P = 0.002, Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively), and stromal cells (2.71 ± 0.49, vs. 1.29 ± 0.49, P = 0.002, Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively) were observed in pneumoperitoneum group, compared with no-pneumoperitoneum group. Conclusion: Even at safe IAP (12 mmHg) for an acceptable operation time period, there was a significant increase in apoptosis of ovarian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Guven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hidayet Sal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Emine Seda Guvendag Guven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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13
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Ichiki Y, Shigematsu Y, Baba T, Shiota H, Fukuyama T, Nagata Y, So T, Yasuda M, Takenoyama M, Yasumoto K. Development of adoptive immunotherapy with KK-LC-1-specific TCR-transduced γδT cells against lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4021-4030. [PMID: 32780528 PMCID: PMC7648040 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the antitumor effect of γδT cells transduced with the TCR of cancer-specific CTLs to establish forceful cancer-specific adoptive immunotherapy. We cloned the TCRαβ genes from CTLs showing HLA-B15 restricted recognition of Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1), a cancer/germline gene antigen, identified in a lung adenocarcinoma case (F1121). The TCRαβ and CD8 genes were transduced into γδT cells induced from PBLs of healthy volunteers stimulated with zoledronate and IL-2. The KK-LC-1-specific TCRαβ-CD8 γδT cells showed cytotoxic activity against the KK-LC-1 positive lung cancer cell line F1121L and produced IFN-γ against F1121L and KK-LC-1 peptide-pulsed F1121 EBV-B cells. These responses were blocked by HLA class I and HLA-B/C antibodies. An in vivo assay using NOD/SCID mice with xenotransplantation of human lung cancer cells was performed, and the TCRαβ-CD8 transduced γδT cells (TCRαβ-CD8 γδT cells) were intravenously injected. Growth inhibition of KK-LC-1+ , HLA-B15+ lung cancer cells was confirmed in mice with injection of the TCRαβ-CD8 γδT cells from 1 wk after xenotransplantation of cancer cells but not in those treated 2 wk after xenotransplantation. The resected specimens of the tumor, 2 wk after xenotransplantation, highly expressed FasL but not programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) by immunohistochemical staining. FasL highly expressed cancer cells xenotransplanted 2 wk ago were resistant to TCRαβ-CD8 γδT cells injection. These results suggested that apoptosis of Fas-positive TCRαβ-CD8 γδT cells may be induced by a Fas-mediated signal after interacting with FasL-positive cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunomodulation
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lung Neoplasms/etiology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Grants
- Cancer Translational Research Project; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- Cancer Research Institute, UOEH Research Grant for Promotion of Occupational Health
- JP20390375 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- JP21659327 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- JP18K08806 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- JP19K09294 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ichiki
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryNational Hospital Organization, Saitama HospitalWakoJapan
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yoshiki Shigematsu
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of Respiratory SurgeryIchinomiya‐Nishi HospitalIchinomiyaJapan
| | - Tetsuro Baba
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Baba ClinicKasuya‐gunJapan
| | - Hironobu Shiota
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryChiba Rosai HospitalIchiharaJapan
| | - Takashi Fukuyama
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Division of Biomedical ResearchKitasato University Medical CenterKitamotoJapan
| | - Yoshika Nagata
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of Breast SurgeryShonan Kamakura General HospitalKamakuraJapan
| | - Tetsuya So
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShin‐Komonji HospitalKitakyusyuJapan
| | - Manabu Yasuda
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of Chest SurgeryIizuka HospitalIizukaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takenoyama
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Department of Thoracic OncologyNational Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer CenterFukuokaJapan
| | - Kosei Yasumoto
- Second Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
- Kitakyushu Municipal Moji HospitalKitakyushuJapan
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14
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da Rosa-Santos CA, da Costa Rodrigues P, Silva LR, Arantes VC, de Barros Reis MA, Colodel EM, Damazo AS, de Moura EG, Carneiro EM, Latorraca MQ. Early protein restriction increases intra-islet GLP-1 production and pancreatic β-cell proliferation mediated by the β-catenin pathway. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3565-3579. [PMID: 32076803 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated whether intra-islet GLP-1 production and its modulation have a role in apoptosis, proliferation or neogenesis that is compromised by protein restriction during the foetal and suckling periods. METHODS Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (treated groups), or saline (non-treated groups) was intraperitoneally administered for 15 days from 75 to 90 days of age in female adult rats consisting of offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet (control groups) and who had the same diet until 90 days of age or offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a low-protein diet and who were fed the control diet after weaning until 90 days of age (protein-restricted group). RESULTS The β-cell mass was lower in the protein-restricted groups than in the control groups. Exendin-4 increased β-cell mass, regardless of the mother's protein intake. The colocalization of GLP-1/glucagon was higher in the protein-restricted rats than in control rats in both the exendin-4-treated and non-treated groups. The frequency of cleaved caspase-3-labelled cells was higher in the non-treated protein-restricted group than in the non-treated control group and was similar in the treated protein-restricted and treated control groups. Regardless of treatment with exendin-4, Ki67-labelled cell frequency and β-catenin/DAPI colocalization were elevated in the protein-restricted groups. Exendin-4 increased the area of endocrine cell clusters and β-catenin/DAPI and FoxO1/DAPI colocalization regardless of the mother's protein intake. CONCLUSIONS Protein restriction in early life increased intra-islet GLP-1 production and β-cell proliferation, possibly mediated by the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Aline da Rosa-Santos
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Priscila da Costa Rodrigues
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luana Resende Silva
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marise Auxiliadora de Barros Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Departamento de Anatomia, Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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15
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Zheng M, Kanneganti TD. Newly Identified Function of Caspase-6 in ZBP1-mediated Innate Immune Responses, NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, PANoptosis, and Host Defense. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:341-347. [PMID: 33426542 PMCID: PMC7793005 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.2.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-6 was discovered decades ago, but its roles in biological processes remain largely unknown. Recently, we have demonstrated that caspase-6 plays a critical role in influenza A virus (IAV)-induced cell death and innate immune responses. During IAV infection, Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) initiates ZBP1-PANoptosome assembly to drive inflammasome activation and cell death, and we showed that caspase-6 interacts with RIPK3 to enhance the interaction between RIPK3 and ZBP1, thus promoting PANoptosome assembly. Moreover, the caspase activity of caspase-6 is not required for tins process, suggesting a caspase-independent function of caspase-6 during IAV infection. Additionally, we found that caspase-6 is required for the alternative activation of alveolar macrophages in response to IAV infection. Our findings provide an opportunity to reconsider the physiological role of caspase-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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16
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17
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Sharma S, Carmona A, Skowronek A, Yu F, Collins MO, Naik S, Murzeau CM, Tseng PL, Erdmann KS. Apoptotic signalling targets the post-endocytic sorting machinery of the death receptor Fas/CD95. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3105. [PMID: 31308371 PMCID: PMC6629679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas plays a major role in regulating ligand-induced apoptosis in many cell types. It is well known that several cancers demonstrate reduced cell surface levels of Fas and thus escape a potential control system via ligand-induced apoptosis, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report that the endosome associated trafficking regulator 1 (ENTR1), controls cell surface levels of Fas and Fas-mediated apoptotic signalling. ENTR1 regulates, via binding to the coiled coil domain protein Dysbindin, the delivery of Fas from endosomes to lysosomes thereby controlling termination of Fas signal transduction. We demonstrate that ENTR1 is cleaved during Fas-induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner revealing an unexpected interplay of apoptotic signalling and regulation of endolysosomal trafficking resulting in a positive feedback signalling-loop. Our data provide insights into the molecular mechanism of Fas post-endocytic trafficking and signalling, opening possible explanations on how cancer cells regulate cell surface levels of death receptors. Fas is a death receptor that regulates apoptosis in many cell types and is downregulated on the cell surface in many cancers. Here, Sharma et al. show that endosome associated trafficking regulator ENTR1 regulates delivery of Fas to lysosomes, thereby controlling its degradation and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Antonio Carmona
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Agnieszka Skowronek
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Fangyan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark O Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sindhu Naik
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Claire M Murzeau
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Pei-Li Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kai S Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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18
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Gonçalves AV, Margolis SR, Quirino GFS, Mascarenhas DPA, Rauch I, Nichols RD, Ansaldo E, Fontana MF, Vance RE, Zamboni DS. Gasdermin-D and Caspase-7 are the key Caspase-1/8 substrates downstream of the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome required for restriction of Legionella pneumophila. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007886. [PMID: 31251782 PMCID: PMC6622555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that detect infection or cellular damage and activate the Caspase-1 (CASP1) protease. The NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome detects bacterial flagellin and is essential for resistance to the flagellated intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The effectors required downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4 to restrict bacterial replication remain unclear. Upon NAIP5/NLRC4 activation, CASP1 cleaves and activates the pore-forming protein Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) and the effector caspase-7 (CASP7). However, Casp1–/– (and Casp1/11–/–) mice are only partially susceptible to L. pneumophila and do not phenocopy Nlrc4–/–mice, because NAIP5/NLRC4 also activates CASP8 for restriction of L. pneumophila infection. Here we show that CASP8 promotes the activation of CASP7 and that Casp7/1/11–/– and Casp8/1/11–/– mice recapitulate the full susceptibility of Nlrc4–/– mice. Gsdmd–/– mice exhibit only mild susceptibility to L. pneumophila, but Gsdmd–/–Casp7–/– mice are as susceptible as the Nlrc4–/– mice. These results demonstrate that GSDMD and CASP7 are the key substrates downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4/CASP1/8 required for resistance to L. pneumophila. Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that detect infection and other stimuli and activate the Caspase-1 (CASP1) protease. The effectors required downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4 to restrict bacterial replication remain unclear. Active CASP1 cleaves and activates the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce inflammation and cell death. We have previously shown that CASP8 is activated by the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome independently of CASP1 and functions to restrict replication of the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. Here, we show that CASP7 is activated downstream of CASP8 and is required for CASP8-dependent restriction of L. pneumophila replication in macrophages and in vivo. In addition, CASP7 is also activated by CASP1. Taken together, these results imply that CASP7 and GSDMD are the two key caspase substrates downstream of NAIP5/NLRC4. In support of this hypothesis, we found that mice double deficient in CASP7 and GSDMD are more susceptible than the single knockouts and are as susceptible as the Nlrc4 deficient mice for restriction of L. pneumophila replication in vivo. Collectively, our data indicate that GSDMD and CASP7 are activated by CASP1 and induce cell death and restriction of bacterial infection. Therefore, GSDMD and multiple caspases (CASP1, CASP7 and CASP8) operate downstream of the NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome for restriction of infection by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto V. Gonçalves
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shally R. Margolis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F. S. Quirino
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle P. A. Mascarenhas
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Randilea D. Nichols
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eduard Ansaldo
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Fontana
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Russell E. Vance
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (REV); (DSZ)
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (REV); (DSZ)
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Cao X, Wen P, Fu Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Chen B, Tao Y, Wu L, Xu A, Lu H, Zhao G. Radiation induces apoptosis primarily through the intrinsic pathway in mammalian cells. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109337. [PMID: 31173879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced tumor cells death is the theoretical basis of tumor radiotherapy. Death signaling disorder is the most important factor for radioresistance. However, the signaling pathway(s) leading to radiation-triggered cell death is (are) still not completely known. To better understand the cell death signaling induced by radiation, the immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) deficient in "initiator" caspases, "effector" caspases or different Bcl-2 family proteins together with human colon carcinoma cell HCT116 were used. Our data indicated that radiation selectively induced the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 but not caspase-8 by triggering mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Importantly, the role of radiation in MOMP is independent of the activation of both "initiator" and "effector" caspases. Furthermore, both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins were involved in radiation-induced apoptotic signaling. Overall, our study indicated that radiation specifically triggered the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway through Bcl-2 family protein-dependent mitochondrial permeabilization, which indicates targeting mitochondria is a promising strategy for cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yanfang Fu
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yinping Tao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huayi Lu
- Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China.
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20
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Importance of TRAIL Molecular Anatomy in Receptor Oligomerization and Signaling. Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040444. [PMID: 30934872 PMCID: PMC6521207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is able to activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway upon binding to DR4/TRAIL-R1 and/or DR5/TRAIL-R2 receptors. Structural data indicate that TRAIL functions as a trimer that can engage three receptor molecules simultaneously, resulting in receptor trimerization and leading to conformational changes in TRAIL receptors. However, receptor conformational changes induced by the binding of TRAIL depend on the molecular form of this death ligand, and not always properly trigger the apoptotic cascade. In fact, TRAIL exhibits a much stronger pro-apoptotic activity when is found as a transmembrane protein than when it occurs as a soluble form and this enhanced biological activity is directly linked to its ability to cluster TRAIL receptors in supra-molecular structures. In this regard, cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance, such as activated human T cells, secrete endogenous TRAIL as a transmembrane protein associated with lipid microvesicles called exosomes upon T-cell reactivation. Consequently, it seems clear that a proper oligomerization of TRAIL receptors, which leads to a strong apoptotic signaling, is crucial for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells upon TRAIL treatment. In this review, the current knowledge of oligomerization status of TRAIL receptors is discussed as well as the implications for cancer treatment when using TRAIL-based therapies.
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Gao W, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Du G, Yin L, Yin Z. Knockdown of EIF3C promotes human U-2OS cells apoptosis through increased CASP3/7 and Chk1/2 by upregulating SAPK/JNK. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1225-1235. [PMID: 30863090 PMCID: PMC6389005 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s187209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a component of the EIF3 complex, EIF3C is essential for several steps in protein synthesis initiation. Recently, it has been addressed that EIF3C is overexpressed in several human cancers and plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Materials and methods Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and Western blotting assays were employed to determine the expression of EIF3C in osteosarcoma (OsC) tissues obtained from 60 patients. The levels of EIF3C mRNA and protein were assessed by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of EIF3C knockdown on OsC cell proliferation was detected by MTT and colony formation assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis induced by EIF3C silencing was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. PathScan stress and apoptosis signaling antibody array kit was used to analyze the potential effects of EIF3C knockdown on OsC cells. Results The levels of EIF3C were high in OsC tissues and cell lines. In addition, EIF3C knockdown by lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting EIF3C significantly suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in U-2OS cells. Moreover, EIF3C knockdown led to the upregulated expression of CASP3/7, Chk1/2, and SAPK/JNK, indicating that the downregulated expression of EIF3C might be associated with pro-apoptosis of U-2OS cells. Conclusion EIF3C may be a promising target for gene therapy of human OsC. However, the precise mechanisms behind the effect of EIF3C on OsC tumorigenesis require further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,
| | - Zhengqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Gongwen Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,
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Yan A, Ren C, Chen T, Huo D, Jiang X, Sun H, Hu C. A novel caspase-6 from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota: Molecular characterization, expression analysis and apoptosis detection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:232-240. [PMID: 29890217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel caspase-6 named HLcaspase-6 was identified from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLcaspase-6 is 2195 bp in size, containing a 126 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1043 bp 3'-UTR and a 1026 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 341 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 38.57 kDa. HLcaspase-6 contains the common signatures of the caspase family, including the conserved pentapeptide motif QACRG, as well as the P20 and P10 domains. In addition, HLcaspase-6 contains a short pro-domain. HLcaspase-6 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest transcript level in the intestine, followed by coelomocytes. In in vitro experiments, the expression of HLcaspase-6 mRNA in coelomocytes was significantly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] challenge, suggesting that HLcaspase-6 might play important roles in the innate immune defense of sea cucumber against bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, we further confirmed that overexpression of HLcaspase-6 could induce apoptosis and activate the p53 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Yan
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China.
| | - Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, China.
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Ladha S, Qiu X, Casal L, Caron NS, Ehrnhoefer DE, Hayden MR. Constitutive ablation of caspase-6 reduces the inflammatory response and behavioural changes caused by peripheral pro-inflammatory stimuli. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:40. [PMID: 29560279 PMCID: PMC5849887 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the family of caspases has been subcategorised according to their respective main roles in mediating apoptosis or inflammation. However, recent studies have revealed that caspases participate in diverse cellular functions beyond their canonical roles. Caspase-6 (C6) is one such protease known for its role as a pro-apoptotic executioner caspase and its aberrant activity in several neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to apoptosis, C6 has been shown to regulate B-cell activation and differentiation in plasma cells as well as macrophage activation. Furthermore, C6 has recently been postulated to play a role in mediating the inflammatory response through the production of TNF-α. In this study we further examine the role of C6 in mediating the inflammatory response and its contribution to the manifestation of behavioural abnormalities in mice. We find that C6 is a positive regulator of TNF-α transcription in macrophages and that ablation of C6 reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α levels in plasma. Furthermore, loss of C6 attenuates LPS-induced behavioural changes in mice and protects neurons from cytokine-mediated toxicity. These data further support the involvement of C6 in the inflammatory response and point to a previously unknown role for C6 in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Ladha
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Xiaofan Qiu
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Lorenzo Casal
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Nicholas S Caron
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Present Address: BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael R Hayden
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), CFRI, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
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24
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Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Kuljanin M, Bell GI, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Activity Expands Multipotent Myeloid Progenitor Cells with Vascular Regenerative Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:723-736. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T. Cooper
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
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25
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Orozco-Hernández L, Gutiérrez-Gómez AA, SanJuan-Reyes N, Islas-Flores H, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Dublán-García O, Natividad R, Gómez-Oliván LM. 17β-Estradiol induces cyto-genotoxicity on blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:118-127. [PMID: 29031051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol, a natural hormone present at high concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, affects and modifies endocrine function in animals. In recent years research workers have expressed concern over its potential effects on aquatic organisms; however, little is known about its capacity to induce genetic damage or the pro-apoptotic effects of such damage on fish. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate 17β-estradiol-induced cyto-genotoxicity in blood cells of the common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to different concentrations (1 ng, 1 μg and 1 mg L-1). Peripheral blood samples were collected and evaluated by comet assay, micronucleus test, determination of caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. Increases in frequency of micronuclei, TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 activity were observed, particularly at the highest concentration. In contrast, the comet assay detected significant increases at 24 and 96 h with the 1 μg and 1 ng L-1 concentrations respectively. The set of assays used in the present study constitutes a reliable early warning biomarker for evaluating the toxicity induced by this type of emerging contaminants on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Andrea Gutiérrez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Reyna Natividad
- Chemical Engineering Lab., Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, 50200, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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26
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Verma NK, Sadeer A, Kizhakeyil A, Pang JH, Angela Chiu QY, Tay SW, Kumar P, Pullarkat SA. Screening of ferrocenyl–phosphines identifies a gold-coordinated derivative as a novel anticancer agent for hematological malignancies. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28960-28968. [PMID: 35547965 PMCID: PMC9084421 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new organometallic compounds as anticancer agents is currently an active area of research. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a panel of 10 new ferrocenyl–phosphine derivatives (FD1–FD10) and the analysis of their anti-proliferative activities in hematolymphoid cells representing non-Hodgkin cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The gold-coordinated ferrocenyl–phosphine complex FD10 exhibited a significant and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in 4 different CTCL cell lines – HuT78, HH, MJ and MyLa. FD10 concentrations causing 50% cell growth inhibition (IC50) of HuT78, HH, MJ and MyLa cells at 24 h were recorded to be 5.55 ± 0.20, 7.80 ± 0.09, 3.16 ± 0.10 and 6.46 ± 0.24 μM respectively. Further mechanistic studies showed that FD10 induced apoptosis in CTCL cells by an intrinsic pathway mediated via the activation of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. It suppressed the expression and activity of STAT3 oncoprotein in CTCL cells. FD10 caused robust G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and reduced the expression levels of Akt S473 phosphorylation and c-Myc, both are key cell cycle regulator proteins. Taken together, this study highlights anticancer properties of the ferrocenyl–phosphine gold organometallic complex FD10 and suggests that further development of this novel class of molecule may contribute to new drug discovery for certain hematolymphoid malignancies. Development of organometallic compounds as novel anticancer agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Experimental Medicine Building
- Singapore
| | - Abdul Sadeer
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Atish Kizhakeyil
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Experimental Medicine Building
- Singapore
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Qi Yun Angela Chiu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Shan Wen Tay
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Experimental Medicine Building
- Singapore
| | - Sumod A. Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore
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Wang R, Chen Z, Wu J, Xia F, Sun Q, Sun A, Liu L. Preconditioning with carbon monoxide inhalation promotes retinal ganglion cell survival against optic nerve crush via inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1297-1304. [PMID: 29115631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neurodegeneration, in addition to central nervous trauma, initiates impairments to neurons resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been observed to elicit neuroprotection in various experimental models. The present study investigated the potential retinal neuroprotection of preconditioning with CO inhalation in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were preconditioned with inhaled CO (250 ppm) or air for 1 h prior to ONC. Animals were euthanized at 1 or 2 weeks following surgery. RGC densities were quantified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and FluoroGold labeling. Visual function was measured via flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 activity in the retinas, were assessed at 2 weeks post‑ONC. The RGC density of CO + crush rats was significantly increased compared with that of the corresponding crush‑only rats at 2 weeks (survival rate, 66.2 vs. 48.2% as demonstrated by H&E staining, P<0.01; and 67.6 vs. 37.6% as demonstrated by FluoroGold labeling, P<0.05). FVEP measures indicated a significantly better‑preserved latency and amplitude of the P1 wave in the CO + crush rats compared with the crush‑only rats. The TUNEL assays demonstrated fewer apoptotic cells in the CO + crush group compared with the crush‑only group, accompanied by the suppression of caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 activity. The results of the present study suggested that inhaled CO preconditioning may be neuroprotective against ONC insult via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zeli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Pan JY, Sun CC, Bi ZY, Chen ZL, Li SJ, Li QQ, Wang YX, Bi YY, Li DJ. miR-206/133b Cluster: A Weapon against Lung Cancer? MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:442-449. [PMID: 28918043 PMCID: PMC5542379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a deadly disease that ends numerous lives around the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell growth, organ development, and tumorigenesis. The miR-206/133b cluster is located on the human chromosome 6p12.2, which is essential for growth and rebuilding of skeletal muscle. The miR-206/133b cluster has been verified to be dysregulated and plays a crucial role in lung cancer. miR-206 and miR-133b participate in lung tumor cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and cancer treatment. The mechanisms are sophisticated, involving various target genes and molecular pathways, such as MET, EGFR, and the STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF signal pathway. Hence, in this review, we summarize the role and potential mechanisms of the miR-206/133b cluster in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Zhuo-Yue Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology (Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine), Wuhan 430079 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Long Chen
- Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430022 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China; Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430022 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 Hubei, P.R. China.
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29
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Tomita T. Apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in Type 1 diabetes. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:183-193. [PMID: 28368239 PMCID: PMC5581966 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells after an asymptomatic period over years. Insulitis activates antigen presenting cells, which trigger activating CD4+ helper-T cells, releasing chemokines/cytokines. Cytokines activate CD8+ cytotoxic-T cells, which lead to β-cell destruction. Apoptosis pathway consists of extrinsic (receptor-mediated) and intrinsic (mitochondria-driven) pathway. Extrinsic pathway includes Fas pathway to CD4+-CD8+ interaction, whereas intrinsic pathway includes mitochondria-driven pathway at a balance between anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and Bcl-xL and pro-apoptotic Bad, Bid, and Bik proteins. Activated cleaved caspse-3 is the converging point between extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Apoptosis takes place only when pro-apoptotic proteins exceed anti-apoptotic proteins. Since the concordance rate of T1DM in identical twins is about 50%, environmental factors are involved in the development of T1DM, opening a door to find means to detect and prevent further development of autoimmune β-cell destruction for a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Tomita
- Departments of Integrative Bioscience and Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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30
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Pandey KC, De S, Mishra PK. Role of Proteases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:512. [PMID: 28848433 PMCID: PMC5550664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generally associated with progressive destruction of airways and lung parenchyma. Various factors play an important role in the development and progression of COPD, like imbalance of proteases, environmental and genetic factors and oxidative stress. This review is specifically focused on the role of proteases and their imbalance in COPD. There are three classes (serine, mettalo, and cysteine) of proteases involved in COPD. In serine proteases, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3 are involved in destruction of alveolar tissue. Matrix-mettaloproteinase-9, 12, 13, plays an influential role in severity of COPD. Among cysteine proteases, caspase-3, caspases-8 and caspase-9 play an important role in controlling apoptosis. These proteases activities can be regulated by inhibitors like α-1-antitrypsin, neutrophil elastase inhibitor, and leukocyte protease inhibitor. Studies suggest that neutrophil elastase may be a therapeutic target for COPD, and specific inhibitor against this enzyme has potential role to control the disease. Current study suggests that Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV is a potential marker for COPD. Since the expression of proteases and its inhibitors play an important role in COPD pathogenesis, therefore, it is worth investigating the role of proteases and their regulation. Understanding the biochemical basis of COPD pathogenesis using advanced tools in protease biochemistry and aiming toward translational research from bench-to-bedside will have great impact to deal with this health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash C Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
| | - Sajal De
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
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Ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase SMSr is a target of caspase-6 during apoptotic cell death. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170867. [PMID: 28659495 PMCID: PMC5567093 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are essential precursors of sphingolipids with a dual role as mediators of apoptotic cell death. Previous work revealed that the ER-resident ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) synthase SMSr/SAMD8 is a suppressor of ceramide-mediated apoptosis in cultured cells. Anti-apoptotic activity of SMSr requires a catalytically active enzyme but also relies on the enzyme’s N-terminal sterile α-motif or SAM domain. Here, we demonstrate that SMSr itself is a target of the apoptotic machinery. Treatment of cells with staurosporine or the death receptor ligand FasL triggers caspase-mediated cleavage of SMSr at a conserved aspartate located downstream of the enzyme’s SAM domain and upstream of its first membrane span. Taking advantage of reconstitution experiments with SMSr produced in a cell-free expression system, specific caspase-inhibitors and gene silencing approaches, we show that SMSr is a novel and specific substrate of caspase-6, a non-conventional effector caspase implicated in Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Our findings underscore a role of SMSr as negative regulator of ceramide-induced cell death and, in view of a prominent expression of the enzyme in brain, raise questions regarding its potential involvement in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Katow H, Kanaya T, Ogawa T, Egawa R, Yawo H. Regulation of axon arborization pattern in the developing chick ciliary ganglion: Possible involvement of caspase 3. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:115-128. [PMID: 28430358 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During a certain critical period in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, axonal branches and synapses are massively reorganized to form mature connections. In this process, neurons search their appropriate targets, expanding and/or retracting their axons. Recent work suggested that the caspase superfamily regulates the axon morphology. Here, we tested the hypothesis that caspase 3, which is one of the major executioners in apoptotic cell death, is involved in regulating the axon arborization. The embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion was used as a model system of synapse reorganization. A dominant negative mutant of caspase-3 precursor (C3DN) was made and overexpressed in presynaptic neurons in the midbrain to interfere with the intrinsic caspase-3 activity using an in ovo electroporation method. The axon arborization pattern was 3-dimensionally and quantitatively analyzed in the ciliary ganglion. The overexpression of C3DN significantly reduced the number of branching points, the branch order and the complexity index, whereas it significantly elongated the terminal branches at E6. It also increased the internodal distance significantly at E8. But, these effects were negligible at E10 or later. During E6-8, there appeared to be a dynamic balance in the axon arborization pattern between the "targeting" mode, which is accompanied by elongation of terminal branches and the pruning of collateral branches, and the "pathfinding" mode, which is accompanied by the retraction of terminal branches and the sprouting of new collateral branches. The local and transient activation of caspase 3 could direct the balance towards the pathfinding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Katow
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teppei Kanaya
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Pan JY, Zhang F, Sun CC, Li SJ, Li G, Gong FY, Bo T, He J, Hua RX, Hu WD, Yuan ZP, Wang X, He QQ, Li DJ. miR-134: A Human Cancer Suppressor? MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 6:140-149. [PMID: 28325280 PMCID: PMC5363400 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 20-25 nt in length, which play crucial roles through directly binding to corresponding 3' UTR of targeted mRNAs. It has been reported that miRNAs are involved in numerous of diseases, including cancers. Recently, miR-134 has been identified to dysregulate in handles of human cancers, such as lung cancer, glioma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. Increasing evidence indicates that miR-134 is essential for human carcinoma and participates in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, as well as cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Nevertheless, its roles in human cancer are still ambiguous, and its mechanisms are sophisticated as well, referring to a variety of targets and signal pathways, such as STAT5B, KRAS, MAPK/ERK signal pathway, Notch pathway, etc. Herein, we review the crucial roles of miR-134 in scores of human cancers via analyzing latest investigations, which might provide evidence for cancer diagnose, treatment, prognosis, or further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China; Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, 430015 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430034 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yun Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, 430023 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, 430023 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xi Hua
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Hu
- Department of Oncology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Social Science and Public Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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Dugo EB, Yedjou CG, Stevens JJ, Tchounwou PB. Therapeutic Potential of Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Oxidative Stress in ATO-Induced Apoptosis. ANNALS OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 5:1101. [PMID: 29214213 PMCID: PMC5713642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the dominant form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer in the world with more than 700,000 people diagnosed annually. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to be a potent anticancer agent in various carcinomas, proving particularly effective in the clinical treatment of relapsed and refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, its bioactivity and molecular mechanisms against HCC has not been fully studied. Using human HCC (HepG2) cells as a test model, we studied the effects of ATO and examined the role of oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis in cytotoxicity. OS biomarkers showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) of malondialdehyde concentrations, and a gradual decrease of antioxidant enzymes (GPx & CAT) activities with increasing ATO doses. Flow cytometry data showed a dose dependent increase in annex in V positive cells and caspase 3 activities. These results were confirmed by data of the DNA laddering assay showing a clear evidence of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation, as well as data from Western blotting showing a significant modulation of specific apoptotic related proteins, including the activation of p53 and p21 expression and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in ATO-treated cells. Taken together, our research demonstrates that ATO has a potential therapeutic effect against HCC, and its cytotoxicity may be mediated via oxidative stress and activation of the mitochondrial or intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika B. Dugo
- National Institutes of Health RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, USA
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- National Institutes of Health RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA
| | - Jacqueline J. Stevens
- National Institutes of Health RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- National Institutes of Health RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, USA
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Lee HJ, Kim JY, Park JE, Yoon YD, Tsang BK, Kim JM. Induction of Fas-Mediated Apoptosis by Interferon-γ is Dependent on Granulosa Cell Differentiation and Follicular Maturation in the Rat Ovary. Dev Reprod 2016; 20:315-329. [PMID: 28144637 PMCID: PMC5270607 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2016.20.4.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) and its receptor Fas have been implicated in granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia. Although interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is believed to be involved in the regulation Fas expression in differentiated granulosa or granulosa-luteal cells, the expression of this cytokine and its role in the regulation of the granulosa cell Fas/FasL system and apoptosis during follicular maturation have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we have examined the presence of IFN-γ in ovarian follicles at different stage of development by immunohistochemistry and related their relative intensities with follicular expression of Fas and FasL, and with differences in granulosa cell sensitivity to Fas activation by exogenous agonistic Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (Fas mAb). Although IFN-γ immunostaining was detectable in oocyte and granulosa cells in antral follicles, most intense immunoreactivity for the cytokine was observed in these cells of preantral follicles. Intense immunoreactivity for IFN-γ was most evident in granulosa cells of atretic early antral follicles where increased Fas and FasL expression and apoptosis were also observed. Whereas low concentrations of IFN-γ (10-100 U/mL) significantly increased Fas expression in undifferentiated granulosa cells (from preantral or very early antral follicles) in vitro, very higher concentrations (≥ 1,000 U/mL) were required to up-regulate of Fas in differentiated cells isolated from eCG-primed (antral) follicles. Addition of agonistic Fas mAb to cultures of granulosa cells at the two stages of differentiation and pretreated with IFN-γ (100 U/mL) elicited morphological and biochemical apoptotic features which were more prominent in cells not previously exposed to the gonadotropin in vivo. These findings suggested that IFN-γ is an important physiologic intra-ovarian regulator of follicular atresia and plays a pivotal role in regulation of expression of Fas receptor and subsequent apoptotic response in undifferentiated (or poorly differentiated) granulosa cells at an early (penultimate) stage of follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
| | - Yong-Dal Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
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Campylobacter concisus pathotypes induce distinct global responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34288. [PMID: 27677841 PMCID: PMC5039708 DOI: 10.1038/srep34288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial response to the opportunistic pathogen Campylobacter concisus is poorly characterised. Here, we assessed the intestinal epithelial responses to two C. concisus strains with different virulence characteristics in Caco-2 cells using RNAseq, and validated a subset of the response using qPCR arrays. C. concisus strains induced distinct response patterns from intestinal epithelial cells, with the toxigenic strain inducing a significantly more amplified response. A range of cellular functions were significantly regulated in a strain-specific manner, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (NOTCH and Hedgehog), cytoskeletal remodeling, tight junctions, inflammatory responses and autophagy. Pattern recognition receptors were regulated, including TLR3 and IFI16, suggesting that nucleic acid sensing was important for epithelial recognition of C. concisus. C. concisus zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) was expressed and purified, and the epithelial response to the toxin was analysed using RNAseq. ZOT upregulated PAR2 expression, as well as processes related to tight junctions and cytoskeletal remodeling. C. concisus ZOT also induced upregulation of TLR3, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8 and chemokine CXCL16, as well as the executioner caspase CASP7. Here, we characterise distinct global epithelial responses to C. concisus strains, and the virulence factor ZOT, and provide novel information on mechanisms by which this bacterium may affect the host.
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Tica Sedlar I, Petricevic J, Saraga-Babic M, Pintaric I, Vukojevic K. Apoptotic pathways and stemness in the colorectal epithelium and lamina propria mucosae during the human embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:693-703. [PMID: 27612611 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Programmed cell death is essential both during normal organ development and carcinogenesis. In this study we immunohistochemically analyzed different pathways of cell death in 11 human conceptuses 5th-10th-weeks old, 10 low and high grade colorectal carcinomas (CRC), and 10 normal colon samples by using markers for apoptosis (caspase-3, AIF, TUNEL), proliferation (Ki-67) and stemness (Oct-4). RESULTS Between the 5th and 10th week of development, caspase-3 and AIF showed moderate-to-strong expression in the developing gut wall. During development, number of caspase-3-reactive cells decreased, while AIF increased. While healthy colorectal control and low grade CRC showed moderate expression of caspase-3 and AIF, in high grade CRC their expression was strong. Tumor tissues displayed significantly higher number of positive cells than controls. Occasionally, co-expressing of both markers characterized dying cells. In developing colon, Oct-4 and Ki-67 showed moderate-to-strong expression, while some cells co-expressed both markers. Their number decreased in the epithelium and increased in the connective tissue in later development. Healthy colorectal control displayed moderate Ki-67 and mild Oct-4 reactivity. While in low-grade CRC expression Oct-4 and Ki-67 was moderate, in high-grade CRC their expression was strong. Although Oct-4 and TUNEL occasionally co-expressed in all samples, both grades of CRC contained cells that were Oct-4 positive only. CONCLUSION Our study revealed two different parallel pathways of cell death, with characteristic increase of AIF-mediated apoptosis when compared to caspase-3, and presence of stemness cells both during colon development and carcinogenesis. These finding might be considered as important diagnostic, survival and CRC therapy predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tica Sedlar
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - J Petricevic
- Department of Pathology, Citology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - I Pintaric
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - K Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Luzio A, Matos M, Santos D, Fontaínhas-Fernandes AA, Monteiro SM, Coimbra AM. Disruption of apoptosis pathways involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation by 17α-ethinylestradiol and fadrozole exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:269-284. [PMID: 27337697 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) sex determination seems to involve genetic factors (GSD) but also environmental factors (ESD), such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are known to mimic endogenous hormones and disrupt gonad differentiation. Apoptosis has also been proposed to play a crucial role in zebrafish gonad differentiation. Nevertheless, the interactions between EDCs and apoptosis have received little attention. Thus, this study aimed to assess if and which apoptotic pathways are involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation and how EDCs may interfere with this process. With these purposes, zebrafish were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2, 4ng/L) and fadrozole (Fad, 50μg/L) from 2h to 35days post-fertilization (dpf). Afterwards, a gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR and a stereological analysis, based on systematic sampling and protein immunohistochemistry, were performed. The death receptors (FAS; TRADD), anti-apoptotic (BCL-2; MDM2), pro-apoptotic (CASP-2 and -6) and cell proliferation (BIRC5/survivin; JUN) genes and proteins were evaluated. In general, apoptosis was inhibited in females through the involvement of anti-apoptotic pathways, while in males apoptosis seemed to be crucial to the failure of the "juvenile ovary" development and the induction of testes transformation. The JUN protein was shown to be necessary in juvenile ovaries, while the BIRC5 protein seemed to be involved in zebrafish spermatogenesis. Both EDCs, EE2 and Fad, increased the apoptosis stimulus in zebrafish gonad. It was noticed that the few females that were resistant to Fad-induced sex reversal had increased anti-apoptotic factor levels, while males exposed to EE2 showed increased pro-apoptotic genes/proteins and were more advanced in gonad differentiation. Overall, our findings show that apoptosis pathways are involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation and that EDCs can disrupt this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Matos
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Dércia Santos
- Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - António A Fontaínhas-Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal.
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Yao Y, Shi Q, Chen B, Wang Q, Li X, Li L, Huang Y, Ji J, Shen P. Identification of Caspase-6 as a New Regulator of Alternatively Activated Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17450-66. [PMID: 27325699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) play essential roles in the promotion of tissue remodeling, vasculogenesis, and tumor progression; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying the activation of AAMs remain largely unknown. Here, by using quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 62 proteins that were up-regulated in IL-4-induced macrophages. Among these, Caspase-6 was increased significantly. Caspase-6 is important in the apoptotic signaling pathway; however, its role in non-apoptosis is also reported. Here, we first examined the non-apoptotic role of Caspase-6 in the alternative activation of macrophages after administration of IL-4, 4T1 tumor conditional medium, or co-culture with 4T1 cells. Both treatments promoted alternative activation of RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages, whereas disruption of caspase-6 expression and activity could markedly suppress the biomarker levels of AAMs. Overexpression of Caspase-6 could significantly promote the activation of AAMs. Importantly, we further present evidence that caspase-6 could regulate breast cancer cell invasion by modulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in 4T1 tumor-associated macrophages, as ablation of protein levels or activity of caspase-6 suppressed tumor cell invasion in vitro In conclusion, the observed results markedly expanded our views of the dynamic changes in protein composition during alternative activation of macrophages, and they revealed a critical new role of caspase-6 in regulating this cellular biological process, which suggested that caspase-6 might be a key nod molecule to regulate immunological steady-state and be a therapeutic candidate for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Shi
- the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Bing Chen
- the Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China, and
| | - Qingsong Wang
- the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinda Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Long Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yahong Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pingping Shen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,
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Li Y, Li J, Huang H, Yang M, Zhuang D, Cheng X, Zhang H, Fu X. Microcystin-LR induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:633-640. [PMID: 27446254 PMCID: PMC4950845 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and to explore the mechanism of MC-LR-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. HBE cells were treated with MC-LR (1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) alone or with MC-LR (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/ml) and Z-VAD-FMK (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 µM), which is a caspase inhibitor, for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed via an MTT assay and the half maximal effective concentration of MC-LR was determined. The optimal concentration of Z-VAD-FMK was established as 50 µm, which was then used in the subsequent experiments. MC-LR significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by an Annexin V/propidium iodide assay. MC-LR induced cell apoptosis, excess reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, upregulated Bax expression and downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in HBE cells. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that MC-LR increased the activity levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and induced cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, suggesting that MC-LR-induced apoptosis is associated with the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK reduced MC-LR-induced apoptosis by blocking caspase activation in HBE cells. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that MC-LR is capable of significantly inhibiting the viability of HBE cells by inducing apoptosis in a mitochondria-dependent manner. The present study provides a foundation for further understanding the mechanism underlying the toxicity of MC-LR in the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Henan Science and Technology Exchange Center with Foreign Countries, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donggang Zhuang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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Tomita T. Apoptosis in pancreatic β-islet cells in Type 2 diabetes. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:162-79. [PMID: 27209071 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays important roles in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The etiology of T2DM is multifactorial, including obesity-associated insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, and loss of β-cell mass through β-cell apoptosis. β-cell apoptosis is mediated through a milliard of caspase family cascade machinery in T2DM. The glucose-induced insulin secretion is the principle pathophysiology of diabetes and insufficient insulin secretion results in chronic hyperglycemia, diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced β-cell apoptosis has been extensively studied on the balance of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bad, Bid, Bik, and Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl family (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) toward apoptosis in vitro isolated islets and insulinoma cell culture. Apoptosis can only occur when the concentration of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 exceeds that of anti-apoptotic proteins at the mitochondrial membrane of the intrinsic pathway. A bulk of recent research on hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis on β-cells unveiled complex details on glucose toxicity on β-cells in molecular levels coupled with cell membrane potential by adenosine triphosphate generation through K+ channel closure, opening Ca2+ channel and plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, animal models using knockout mice will shed light on the basic understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes as a glucose metabolic disease complex, on the balance of anti-apoptotic Bcl family and pro-apoptotic genes. The cumulative knowledge will provide a better understanding of glucose metabolism at a molecular level and will lead to eventual prevention and therapeutic application for T2DM with improving medications.
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Pastorkova Z, Skarda J, Andel J. The role of microRNA in metastatic processes of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:343-57. [PMID: 27108604 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small non-coding one-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Bioinformatic predictions indicate that each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes. MicroRNA expression can be associated with various cellular processes leading to the metastasis of malignant tumours including non-small cell lung carcinoma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in NSCLC metastasis to the brain and lymph nodes. METHODS A search of the NCBI/PubMed database for publications on expression levels and the mechanisms of microRNA action in NSCLC metastasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Dysregulation of microRNAs in NSCLC can be associated with brain and lymph node metastasis. There are differences in microRNA expression profiling between NSCLC with and without metastases but it is currently not possible to reliably predict the site of metastasis in NSCLC. Based on data from RNAmicroarrays, bioinformatics analysis is able to predict the target genes of highlighted microRNAs, providing us with complex information about cancer cell features such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion. Such microRNAs may then be knocked-down using siRNAs or substituted with miRNA mimics. RNA microarray profiling may thus be a useful tool to select up- or down-regulated microRNAs. A number of authors suggest that microRNAs could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pastorkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Andel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Fermented Brown Rice Extract Causes Apoptotic Death of Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells via Death Receptor Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1599-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Waldron-Roby E, Hoerauf J, Arbez N, Zhu S, Kulcsar K, Ross CA. Sox11 Reduces Caspase-6 Cleavage and Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141439. [PMID: 26505998 PMCID: PMC4624725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic cascade is an orchestrated event, whose final stages are mediated by effector caspases. Regulatory binding proteins have been identified for caspases such as caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9. Many of these proteins belong to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. By contrast, caspase-6 is not believed to be influenced by IAPs, and little is known about its regulation. We therefore performed a yeast-two-hybrid screen using a constitutively inactive form of caspase-6 for bait in order to identify novel regulators of caspase-6 activity. Sox11 was identified as a potential caspase-6 interacting protein. Sox11 was capable of dramatically reducing caspase-6 activity, as well as preventing caspase-6 self- cleavage. Several regions, including amino acids 117-214 and 362-395 within sox11 as well as a nuclear localization signal (NLS) all contributed to the reduction in caspase-6 activity. Furthermore, sox11 was also capable of decreasing other effector caspase activity but not initiator caspases -8 and -9. The ability of sox11 to reduce effector caspase activity was also reflected in its capacity to reduce cell death following toxic insult. Interestingly, other sox proteins also had the ability to reduce caspase-6 activity but to a lesser extent than sox11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Waldron-Roby
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Janine Hoerauf
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Kirsten Kulcsar
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cui R, Kim T, Fassan M, Meng W, Sun HL, Jeon YJ, Vicentini C, Tili E, Peng Y, Scarpa A, Liang G, Zhang YK, Chakravarti A, Croce CM. MicroRNA-224 is implicated in lung cancer pathogenesis through targeting caspase-3 and caspase-7. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21802-15. [PMID: 26307684 PMCID: PMC4673127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that miR-224 was significantly up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, in particular in resected NSCLC metastasis. We further demonstrated that miR-224 functions as an oncogene in NSCLC by directly targeting TNFAIP1 and SMAD4. However, the biological functions of miR-224 in NSCLC are controversial and underlying mechanisms of miR-224 in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer remain to be further explored. Here we report that caspase3 (CASP3) and caspase7 (CASP7) are previously unidentified targets of miR-224 in NSCLC, and that miR-224 promotes lung cancer cells proliferation and migration in part by directly targeting CASP7 and down-regulating its expression. In addition, miR-224 attenuated TNF-α induced apoptosis by direct targeting of CASP3 resulting in reduction of cleaved PARP1 expression in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-224 negatively correlates with the expression of CASP7 and CASP3 in tissue samples from patients with lung cancer. Finally, we found that activated NF-κB signaling is involved in the regulation of miR-224 expression in lung cancer. Our study provides new insight in understanding of oncogenic role of miR-224 in the lung cancer pathogenesis and suggests that NF-κB/miR-224/CASP3, 7 pathway could be a putative therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Lung Cancer Research Center, The Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET) Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yong Peng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Loss of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoforms in granulosa cells using pDmrt-1-Cre or Amhr2-Cre reduces fertility by arresting follicular development and by reducing litter size in female mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116332. [PMID: 25658474 PMCID: PMC4320103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because VEGFA has been implicated in follicle development, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of granulosa- and germ cell-specific VEGFA loss on ovarian morphogenesis, function, and female fertility. pDmrt1-Cre mice were mated to floxed VEGFA mice to develop granulosa-/germ cell-specific knockouts (pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/-). The time from mating to first parturition was increased when pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/- females were mated to control males (P = 0.0008) and tended to be longer for heterozygous females (P < 0.07). Litter size was reduced for pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/- females (P < 0.007). The time between the first and second parturitions was also increased for heterozygous females (P < 0.04) and tended to be increased for pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/- females (P < 0.07). pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/- females had smaller ovaries (P < 0.04), reduced plasma estradiol (P < 0.007), fewer developing follicles (P < 0.008) and tended to have fewer corpora lutea (P < 0.08). Expression of Igf1r was reduced (P < 0.05); expression of Foxo3a tended to be increased (P < 0.06); and both Fshr (P < 0.1) and Sirt6 tended to be reduced (P < 0.06) in pDmrt1-Cre;Vegfa-/- ovaries. To compare VEGFA knockouts, we generated Amhr2-Cre;Vegfa-/- mice that required more time from mating to first parturition (P < 0.003) with variable ovarian size. Both lines had more apoptotic granulosa cells, and vascular staining did not appear different. Taken together these data indicate that the loss of all VEGFA isoforms in granulosa/germ cells (proangiogenic and antiangiogenic) causes subfertility by arresting follicular development, resulting in reduced ovulation rate and fewer pups per litter.
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Güçlü A, Yonguç N, Dodurga Y, Gündoğdu G, Güçlü Z, Yonguç T, Adıgüzel E, Turkmen K. The effects of grape seed on apoptosis-related gene expression and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:192-7. [PMID: 25565258 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.991996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Emerging evidences indicate that many mechanistic pathways including apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to show the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included control group, diabetic group without treatment and diabetic group treated with GSE (n=7) group. GSE was given orally (100 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Following parameters were evaluated; oxidative stress index, caspase 1, IL1-alpha, caspase 2, IL1-beta, BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit and beta bubunit (DFFA, DFFB), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), caspase 6, Bcl2-like 1 (BCL-XL), caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1 b (TNFRSF1B) and IAP-binding mitochondrial protein (DIABLO). RESULTS Oxidative stress index levels were significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic group without treatment compared to control group, and decreased in diabetic+GSE group compared to diabetic group without treatment. In the kidney of diabetic group without treatment, caspase 1, IL-1 alpha, BAD, DFFA, DFFB and caspase-6 gene expressions were significantly higher compared to control group. In diabetic+GSE group caspase 1, caspase 2, XIAP, DFFA, BID, BCL-XL and TNFRSF1B genes were significantly decreased compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Grape seed reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression suggesting the protective effect on diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Güçlü
- Department of Nephrology, Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital , Kırşehir , Turkey
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Wang XJ, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Su XD. Activation and regulation of caspase-6 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:553-72. [PMID: 25340928 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are major mediators of apoptosis and inflammation. Caspase-6 is classified as an apoptotic effector, and it mediates nuclear shrinkage during apoptosis, but it possesses unique activation and regulation mechanisms that differ from those of other effector caspases. Furthermore, increasing evidence has shown that caspase-6 is highly involved in axon degeneration and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage at the caspase-6 site in mutated huntingtin protein is a prerequisite for the development of the characteristic behavioral and neuropathological features of Huntington's disease. Active caspase-6 is present in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and caspase-6 activity is associated with the disease's pathological lesions. In this review, we discuss the evidence relevant to the role of caspase-6 in neurodegenerative diseases and summarize its activation and regulation mechanisms. In doing so, we provide new insight about potential therapeutic approaches that incorporate the modulation of caspase-6 function for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research and
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A [Lys49]phospholipase A2fromProtobothrops flavoviridisVenom Induces Caspase-Independent Apoptotic Cell Death Accompanied by Rapid Plasma-Membrane Rupture in Human Leukemia Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:864-70. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Caric A, Poljicanin A, Tomic S, Vilovic K, Saraga-Babic M, Vukojevic K. Apoptotic pathways in ovarian surface epithelium of human embryos during embryogenesis and carcinogenesis: close relationship of developmental plasticity and neoplasm. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:304-11. [PMID: 24055196 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation and different pathways of cell death were immunohistochemically analyzed in ovaries of six human embryos, 20 serous borderline tumors (SBT) and ovarian serous carcinomas (OSC) using markers for apoptosis (caspase-3, AIF, TUNEL) and stemness (Oct-4). In the 5-8-week ovaries, caspase-3 was absent in the ovarian surface epithelium (ose) and mildly positive in the ovarian stroma (os), AIF was expressed moderately, while Oct-4 expression gradually decreased during that period. Some ovarian cells expressed only caspase-3 or AIF together with TUNEL, while both caspase-3 and AIF were co-expressed in other ovarian cells. Mild expression of Oct-4 and caspase-3 characterized some cells of SBT, while their expression varied from mild to strong in OSC. AIF displayed mild to strong expression in ose of SBT and moderate to strong expression in OSC, while no expression of AIF was observed in os of both tumors. In the ose of both SBT and OSC, caspase-3 and AIF were co-expressed only occasionally, while AIF and Oct-4 were co-expressed strongly. Our study showed the presence of stemness cells and different pathways of cell death (caspase-3 and AIF-mediated) in the ovarian tissue during development and carcinogenesis, indicating the correlation between developmental plasticity in human embryonic ovaries and OSC.
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