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Álvarez-López AI, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Cruz-Chamorro I, Santos-Sánchez G, Ponce-España E, Bejarano I, Lardone PJ, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin synergistically potentiates the effect of methylprednisolone on reducing neuroinflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103298. [PMID: 39067314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology characterized by infiltration of encephalitogenic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in the presence of multifocal areas of demyelination leading to neurodegeneration. The infiltrated immune cells population is composed mainly of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that secrete pro-inflammatory factors that eventually damage myelin leading to axonal damage. The most common clinical form of MS is relapsing-remitting (RR), characterized by neuroinflammatory episodes followed by partial or total recovery of neurological deficits. The first-line treatment for RRMS relapses is a high dose of glucocorticoids, especially methylprednisolone, for three to five consecutive days. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of melatonin in the context of neuroinflammation associated with MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the preclinical model for MS. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined treatment of melatonin and methylprednisolone on the neuroinflammatory response associated with the EAE development. This study shows for the first time the protective synergistic effect of co-treatment with melatonin and methylprednisolone on reducing the severity of EAE by decreasing CD4 lymphocytes, B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in the CNS, as well as modulating the population of infiltrated T and B cells toward regulatory phenotypes to the detriment of pro-inflammatory effector functions. In addition to the potentiation of the protective role of methylprednisolone, treatment with melatonin from the clinical onset of EAE improves the natural course of the EAE and the response to a subsequent treatment with methylprednisolone in a later relapse of the disease, pointing melatonin as potential therapeutic tool in combination with methylprednisolone for the treatment of relapses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Álvarez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ponce-España
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain.
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41013, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41009, Spain.
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2
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Yang SN, Shi Y, Berggren PO. The anterior chamber of the eye technology and its anatomical, optical, and immunological bases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:881-929. [PMID: 38206586 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) is distinct in its anatomy, optics, and immunology. This guarantees that the eye perceives visual information in the context of physiology even when encountering adverse incidents like inflammation. In addition, this endows the ACE with the special nursery bed iris enriched in vasculatures and nerves. The ACE constitutes a confined space enclosing an oxygen/nutrient-rich, immune-privileged, and less stressful milieu as well as an optically transparent medium. Therefore, aside from visual perception, the ACE unexpectedly serves as an excellent transplantation site for different body parts and a unique platform for noninvasive, longitudinal, and intravital microimaging of different grafts. On the basis of these merits, the ACE technology has evolved from the prototypical through the conventional to the advanced version. Studies using this technology as a versatile biomedical research platform have led to a diverse range of basic knowledge and in-depth understanding of a variety of cells, tissues, and organs as well as artificial biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, and abiotic substances. Remarkably, the technology turns in vivo dynamic imaging of the morphological characteristics, organotypic features, developmental fates, and specific functions of intracameral grafts into reality under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we review the anatomical, optical, and immunological bases as well as technical details of the ACE technology. Moreover, we discuss major achievements obtained and potential prospective avenues for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nian Yang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yue Shi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang M, Wei J, Sun Y, He C, Ma S, Pan X, Zhu X. The efferocytosis process in aging: Supporting evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects for age-related diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by an ongoing struggle between the buildup of damage caused by a combination of external and internal factors. Aging has different effects on phagocytes, including impaired efferocytosis. A deficiency in efferocytosis can cause chronic inflammation, aging, and several other clinical disorders. AIM OF REVIEW Our review underscores the possible feasibility and extensive scope of employing dual targets in various age-related diseases to reduce the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases, ultimately fostering healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Key scientific concepts of review Hence, the concurrent implementation of strategies aimed at augmenting efferocytic mechanisms and anti-aging treatments has the potential to serve as a potent intervention for extending the duration of a healthy lifespan. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the concept and physiological effects of efferocytosis. Subsequently, we investigated the association between efferocytosis and the hallmarks of aging. Finally, we discuss growing evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for age-related disorders, focusing on the physiological processes of aging and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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He X, Wedn A, Wang J, Gu Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhou R, Pang X, Cui Y. IUPHAR ECR review: The cGAS-STING pathway: Novel functions beyond innate immune and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107063. [PMID: 38216006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial innate immune sensor responsible for distinguishing pathogens and cytosolic DNA, mediating innate immune signaling pathways to defend the host. Recent studies have revealed additional regulatory functions of STING beyond its innate immune-related activities, including the regulation of cellular metabolism, DNA repair, cellular senescence, autophagy and various cell deaths. These findings highlight the broader implications of STING in cellular physiology beyond its role in innate immunity. Currently, approximately 10 STING agonists have entered the clinical stage. Unlike inhibitors, which have a maximum inhibition limit, agonists have the potential for infinite amplification. STING signaling is a complex process that requires precise regulation of STING to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation. Recent research on the structural mechanism of STING autoinhibition and its negative regulation by adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) provides valuable insights into its different effects under physiological and pathological conditions, offering a new perspective for developing immune regulatory drugs. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms of STING beyond innate immune regulation, along with updated details of its structural mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these complex regulations in various diseases, emphasizing the importance and feasibility of targeting the immunity-dependent or immunity-independent functions of STING. Moreover, we highlight the current trend in drug development and key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research related to STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Abdalla Wedn
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5051 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Juqi Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230601, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT06519, USA.
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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5
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Poon IKH, Ravichandran KS. Targeting Efferocytosis in Inflammaging. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:339-357. [PMID: 37585658 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032723-110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, a process known as efferocytosis, is key for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, the resolution of inflammation, and tissue repair. However, impaired efferocytosis can result in the accumulation of apoptotic cells, subsequently triggering sterile inflammation through the release of endogenous factors such as DNA and nuclear proteins from membrane permeabilized dying cells. Here, we review the molecular basis of the three key phases of efferocytosis, that is, the detection, uptake, and degradation of apoptotic materials by phagocytes. We also discuss how defects in efferocytosis due to the alteration of phagocytes and dying cells can contribute to the low-grade chronic inflammation that occurs during aging, described as inflammaging. Lastly, we explore opportunities in targeting and harnessing the efferocytic machinery to limit aging-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, and Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Cheung TS, Giacomini C, Cereda M, Avivar-Valderas A, Capece D, Bertolino GM, delaRosa O, Hicks R, Ciccocioppo R, Franzoso G, Galleu A, Ciccarelli FD, Dazzi F. Apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells activates an immunosuppressive secretome predicting clinical response in Crohn's disease. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3531-3544. [PMID: 37805713 PMCID: PMC10727969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo apoptosis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) plays a critical role in delivering immunomodulation. Yet, caspase activity not only mediates the dying process but also death-independent functions that may shape the immunogenicity of apoptotic cells. Therefore, a better characterization of the immunological profile of apoptotic MSCs (ApoMSCs) could shed light on their mechanistic action and therapeutic applications. We analyzed the transcriptomes of MSCs undergoing apoptosis and identified several immunomodulatory factors and chemokines dependent on caspase activation following Fas stimulation. The ApoMSC secretome inhibited human T cell proliferation and activation, and chemoattracted monocytes in vitro. Both immunomodulatory activities were dependent on the cyclooxygenase2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis. To assess the clinical relevance of ApoMSC signature, we used the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD) patients who had undergone MSC treatment (ADMIRE-CD). Compared with healthy donors, MSCs exposed to patients' PBMCs underwent apoptosis and released PGE2 in a caspase-dependent manner. Both PGE2 and apoptosis were significantly associated with clinical responses to MSCs. Our findings identify a new mechanism whereby caspase activation delivers ApoMSC immunosuppression. Remarkably, such molecular signatures could implicate translational tools for predicting patients' clinical responses to MSC therapy in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tik Shing Cheung
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | | | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Olga delaRosa
- Takeda Madrid, Cell Therapy Technology Center, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Galleu
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell therapy, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Gregory CD. Hijacking homeostasis: Regulation of the tumor microenvironment by apoptosis. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:100-127. [PMID: 37553811 PMCID: PMC10952466 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are genetically driven, rogue tissues which generate dysfunctional, obdurate organs by hijacking normal, homeostatic programs. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved regulated cell death program and a profoundly important homeostatic mechanism that is common (alongside tumor cell proliferation) in actively growing cancers, as well as in tumors responding to cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies. Although well known for its cell-autonomous tumor-suppressive qualities, apoptosis harbors pro-oncogenic properties which are deployed through non-cell-autonomous mechanisms and which generally remain poorly defined. Here, the roles of apoptosis in tumor biology are reviewed, with particular focus on the secreted and fragmentation products of apoptotic tumor cells and their effects on tumor-associated macrophages, key supportive cells in the aberrant homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment. Historical aspects of cell loss in tumor growth kinetics are considered and the impact (and potential impact) on tumor growth of apoptotic-cell clearance (efferocytosis) as well as released soluble and extracellular vesicle-associated factors are discussed from the perspectives of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration programs. An "apoptosis-centric" view is proposed in which dying tumor cells provide an important platform for intricate intercellular communication networks in growing cancers. The perspective has implications for future research and for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchInstitute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarterEdinburghUK
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8
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Gregory CD, Rimmer MP. Extracellular vesicles arising from apoptosis: forms, functions, and applications. J Pathol 2023; 260:592-608. [PMID: 37294158 PMCID: PMC10952477 DOI: 10.1002/path.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed subcellular bodies produced by most, if not all cells. Research over the last two decades has recognised the importance of EVs in intercellular communication and horizontal transfer of biological material. EVs range in diameter from tens of nanometres up to several micrometres and are able to transfer a spectrum of biologically active cargoes - from whole organelles, through macromolecules including nucleic acids and proteins, to metabolites and small molecules - from their cells of origin to recipient cells, which may consequently become physiologically or pathologically altered. Based on their modes of biogenesis, the most renowned EV classes are (1) microvesicles, (2) exosomes (both produced by healthy cells), and (3) EVs from cells undergoing regulated death by apoptosis (ApoEVs). Microvesicles bud directly from the plasma membrane, while exosomes are derived from endosomal compartments. Current knowledge of the formation and functional properties of ApoEVs lags behind that of microvesicles and exosomes, but burgeoning evidence indicates that ApoEVs carry manifold cargoes, including mitochondria, ribosomes, DNA, RNAs, and proteins, and perform diverse functions in health and disease. Here we review this evidence, which demonstrates substantial diversity in the luminal and surface membrane cargoes of ApoEVs, permitted by their very broad size range (from around 50 nm to >5 μm; the larger often termed apoptotic bodies), strongly suggests their origins through both microvesicle- and exosome-like biogenesis pathways, and indicates routes through which they interact with recipient cells. We discuss the capacity of ApoEVs to recycle cargoes and modulate inflammatory, immunological, and cell fate programmes in normal physiology and in pathological scenarios such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Finally, we provide a perspective on clinical applications of ApoEVs in diagnostics and therapeutics. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchInstitute for Regeneration and Repair, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Michael P Rimmer
- Centre for Reproductive HealthInstitute for Regeneration and Repair, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Verçosa BLA, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Barradas ALB, Costa FAL, Melo MN, Vasconcelos AC. Enhanced apoptotic index in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrate showed positive correlation with hepatic lesion intensity, parasite load, and clinical status in naturally Leishmania-infected dogs. Microb Pathog 2023:106194. [PMID: 37269879 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown if Leishmania amastigote infections affect hepatocytes and Kupffer cell apoptosis, and the role played by apoptosis in liver lesions in leishmaniasis is still unclear. Clinically affected and subclinically infected dogs with leishmaniosis and uninfected controls were assessed. Parasite load, biochemical markers for evaluation of liver damage, morphometry (area, perimeter, number of inflammatory focus, major and minor diameters), apoptosis in hepatic tissue (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrates) and cellularity in inflammatory foci were quantified. The parasite load in clinically affected dogs proved to be higher than in the other groups. All morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, number of inflammatory focus, major and minor diameters) from clinically affected were higher than the values found in the subclinically infected and uninfected control dogs. Only clinically affected dogs presented high levels of ALT, FA, GGT and cholesterol in serum. Strong positive correlation was observed between biochemical markers for evaluation of liver damage (ALT, FA, GGT and cholesterol) and hepatic apoptosis (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammation). Clinically affected dogs showed a more intense hepatic lesion. Hepatocytes showed a higher rate of apoptosis in Leishmania-infected dogs than in uninfected control dogs. The Kupffer cell apoptotic index and apoptosis within the inflammatory infiltrates were higher in clinically affected dogs. The apoptotic index evaluated in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrates showed a positive correlation with the intensity of the hepatic lesion, parasite load, and clinical status. Apoptotic cells also showed positive immunostaining for TUNEL, Bcl2, and Bax. Our data showed that hepatic apoptosis was related to the severity of liver damage, the progression of infection, and the parasite load in leishmaniasis. Apoptotic regulated cell recruitment modulated the inflammatory response and favored the survival and dissemination of parasites, depending on the clinical status of the Leishmania-infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Laurice Araujo Verçosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Pitágoras de Codó, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lys Bezerra Barradas
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Lima Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Akama-Garren EH, Miller P, Carroll TM, Tellier M, Sutendra G, Buti L, Zaborowska J, Goldin RD, Slee E, Szele FG, Murphy S, Lu X. Regulation of immunological tolerance by the p53-inhibitor iASPP. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:84. [PMID: 36746936 PMCID: PMC9902554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immunological homeostasis between tolerance and autoimmunity is essential for the prevention of human diseases ranging from autoimmune disease to cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that p53 can mitigate phagocytosis-induced adjuvanticity thereby promoting immunological tolerance following programmed cell death. Here we identify Inhibitor of Apoptosis Stimulating p53 Protein (iASPP), a negative regulator of p53 transcriptional activity, as a regulator of immunological tolerance. iASPP-deficiency promoted lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, while iASPP-deficient mice were less susceptible to autoimmune disease. Immune responses to iASPP-deficient tumors exhibited hallmarks of immunosuppression, including activated regulatory T cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, iASPP-deficient tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, CD4+, and γδ T cells expressed elevated levels of PD-1H, a recently identified transcriptional target of p53 that promotes tolerogenic phagocytosis. Identification of an iASPP/p53 axis of immune homeostasis provides a therapeutic opportunity for both autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Akama-Garren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Paul Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas M Carroll
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Ludovico Buti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Charles River Laboratories, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Justyna Zaborowska
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Elizabeth Slee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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12
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Vringer E, Tait SWG. Mitochondria and cell death-associated inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:304-312. [PMID: 36447047 PMCID: PMC9950460 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell death. Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. Permeabilised mitochondria trigger inflammation, in part, through the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. Some of these mitochondrial-activated inflammatory pathways can be traced back to the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. The bacterial origin of mitochondria suggests that inflammatory pathways found in cytosol-invading bacteria may be relevant to mitochondrial-driven inflammation after MOMP. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Vringer
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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13
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Matzinger P. Autoimmunity: Are we asking the right question? Front Immunol 2022; 13:864633. [PMID: 36405714 PMCID: PMC9671104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the main question immunologists have asked about autoimmunity is "what causes a break in self-tolerance?" We have not found good answers to that question, and I believe we are still so ignorant because it's the wrong question. Rather than a break in self-tolerance, I suggest that many autoimmune diseases might be due to defects in normal tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Matzinger
- Ghost Lab, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Saas P, Vetter M, Maraux M, Bonnefoy F, Perruche S. Resolution therapy: Harnessing efferocytic macrophages to trigger the resolution of inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021413. [PMID: 36389733 PMCID: PMC9651061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with non-resolving inflammation. Conventional anti-inflammatory drugs fail to completely cure these diseases. Resolution pharmacology is a new therapeutic approach based on the use of pro-resolving mediators that accelerate the resolution phase of inflammation by targeting the productive phase of inflammation. Indeed, pro-resolving mediators prevent leukocyte recruitment and induce apoptosis of accumulated leukocytes. This approach is now called resolution therapy with the introduction of complex biological drugs and cell-based therapies. The main objective of resolution therapy is to specifically reduce the duration of the resolution phase to accelerate the return to homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, macrophages play a critical role in the resolution of inflammation. Indeed, after the removal of apoptotic cells (a process called efferocytosis), macrophages display anti-inflammatory reprogramming and subsequently secrete multiple pro-resolving factors. These factors can be used as resolution therapy. Here, we review the different mechanisms leading to anti-inflammatory reprogramming of macrophages after efferocytosis and the pro-resolving factors released by these efferocytic macrophages. We classify these mechanisms in three different categories: macrophage reprogramming induced by apoptotic cell-derived factors, by molecules expressed by apoptotic cells (i.e., "eat-me" signals), and induced by the digestion of apoptotic cell-derived materials. We also evoke that macrophage reprogramming may result from cooperative mechanisms, for instance, implicating the apoptotic cell-induced microenvironment (including cellular metabolites, specific cytokines or immune cells). Then, we describe a new drug candidate belonging to this resolution therapy. This candidate, called SuperMApo, corresponds to the secretome of efferocytic macrophages. We discuss its production, the pro-resolving factors present in this drug, as well as the results obtained in experimental models of chronic (e.g., arthritis, colitis) and acute (e.g., peritonitis or xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease) inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saas
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Mathieu Vetter
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Melissa Maraux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Francis Bonnefoy
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- MED’INN’Pharma, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- MED’INN’Pharma, Besançon, France
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15
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Aboraya DM, El Baz A, Risha EF, Abdelhamid FM. Hesperidin ameliorates cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity and attenuates oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3157-3166. [PMID: 35844386 PMCID: PMC9280168 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs that is associated with multiple systemic toxicities limiting its use. The present study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective effect of hesperidin against cisplatin-induced toxicity. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were equally split into four groups, the first group served as control received normal saline, the second group (CIS) received a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg bw) on the 22nd day of the experiment, the third group (HES) treated once daily with hesperidin (200 mg/kg bw, orally) for 21 days, and the last group (HES + CIS) pretreated once daily with hesperidin followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin. Twenty-four hours later, samples were collected for further investigations. CIS-intoxication resulted in a significant decrease in the erythrogram along with thrombocytopenia leukopenia, and lymphopenia. Furthermore, CIS administration significantly elevated serum activity of liver enzymes, total, and indirect bilirubin as well serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels, meanwhile serum total protein, and globulin levels were significantly reduced. The hepatic MDA was markedly elevated with a concomitant decline in the hepatic antioxidant enzymes and severe alterations in the hepatic tissue architecture in CIS-intoxicated rats. Additionally, CIS-induced overexpression of hepatic Bax, caspase-3, and TNF-α, with no effect on hepatic expression of IL-10. Interestingly, HES pretreatment improved the CIS-induced hemato-biochemical, molecular and histopathological alterations. In conclusion, hesperidin hepato-protective effects against CIS might be mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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16
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Alshammary AF, Al-Sulaiman AM. The journey of SARS-CoV-2 in human hosts: a review of immune responses, immunosuppression, and their consequences. Virulence 2021; 12:1771-1794. [PMID: 34251989 PMCID: PMC8276660 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1929800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory findings from a significant number of patients with COVID-19 indicate the occurrence of leukocytopenia, specifically lymphocytopenia. Moreover, infected patients can experience contrasting outcomes depending on lymphocytopenia status. Patients with resolved lymphocytopenia are more likely to recover, whereas critically ill patients with signs of unresolved lymphocytopenia develop severe complications, sometimes culminating in death. Why immunodepression manifests in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. Therefore, the evaluation of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings from infected patients is critical for understanding the disease course and its consequences. In this review, we take a logical approach to unravel the reasons for immunodepression in patients with COVID-19. Following the footprints of the virus within host tissues, from entry to exit, we extrapolate the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of immunodepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal F. Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Liebold I, Jawazneh AA, Hamley M, Bosurgi L. Apoptotic cell signals and heterogeneity in macrophage function: Fine-tuning for a healthy liver. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:72-81. [PMID: 34246569 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional heterogeneity in tissue macrophage populations has often been traced to developmental and spatial cues. Upon tissue damage, macrophages are exposed to soluble mediators secreted by activated cells, which shape their polarisation. Interestingly, macrophages are concomitantly exposed to a variety of different dying cells, which carry miscellaneous signals and that need to be recognised and promptly up-taken by professional phagocytes. This review discusses how differences in the nature of the dying cells, like their morphological and biochemical features as well as the specificity of phagocytic receptor usage on macrophages, might contribute to the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity observed in phagocytic cells in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Liebold
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amirah Al Jawazneh
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Hamley
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Yang D, Lei S, Pan K, Chen T, Lin J, Ni G, Liu J, Zeng X, Chen Q, Dan H. Application of photodynamic therapy in immune-related diseases. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102318. [PMID: 33940209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that utilizes photodamage caused by photosensitizers and oxygen after exposure to a specific wavelength of light. Owing to its low toxicity, high selectivity, and minimally invasive properties, PDT has been widely applied to treat various malignant tumors, premalignant lesions, and infectious diseases. Moreover, there is growing evidence of its immunomodulatory effects and potential for the treatment of immune-related diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effect of PDT on immunity and its application in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shangxue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Keran Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guangcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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19
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Majai GE, Gogolák P, Tóth M, Hodrea J, Horváth D, Fésüs L, Rajnavölgyi É, Bácsi A. Autologous apoptotic neutrophils inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells, but enhance Th1 responses. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1492-1502. [PMID: 32473089 PMCID: PMC7396436 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant cell type in peripheral blood and exhibit a remarkably brief (6–8 h) half‐life in circulation. The fundamental role of these professional phagocytes has been established in acute inflammation, based on their potential to both initiate and receive inflammatory signals. Furthermore, neutrophils also take part in maintaining chronic inflammatory processes, such as in various autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrate that human autologous apoptotic neutrophils are readily engulfed by immature monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs) with similar efficiency as allogeneic apoptotic neutrophils [Majai G et al. (2010) J Leukoc Biol 88, 981–991]. Interestingly, in contrast to the allogeneic system, exposure of moDCs to autologous apoptotic neutrophils inhibits LPS + IFN‐γ‐induced production of inflammatory cytokines in a phagocytosis‐independent manner. Autologous apoptotic neutrophil‐primed DCs are able to modulate T‐cell responses by inducing the generation of IFN‐γ‐secreting cells while hampering that of IL‐17A‐producing cells. Our observations indicate that capture of autologous apoptotic neutrophils by immature DCs may impede further neutrophil‐mediated phagocytosis and tissue damage, and allow increased clearance of dying cells by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyike Emese Majai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Gogolák
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Hodrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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Beckmann N, Huber F, Hanschen M, St Pierre Schneider B, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC. Scald Injury-Induced T Cell Dysfunction Can Be Mitigated by Gr1 + Cell Depletion and Blockage of CD47/CD172a Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:876. [PMID: 32477354 PMCID: PMC7232553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is a common and severe complication of burn injury: Sepsis accounts for 47% of postburn mortality. Burn-induced T cell suppression likely contributes to the increased infection susceptibility in burn patients. However, little is known about the kinetics of T cell dysfunction after burn and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we show in a murine scald injury model that T cell activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as T cell cytokine production is suppressed acutely and persistently for at least 11 days after burn injury. Purified T cells from scald-injured mice exhibit normal T cell functions, indicating an extrinsically mediated defect. We further show that T cell dysfunction after burn appears to be cell-to-cell contact dependent and can be ameliorated by depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These cells expand after burn injury, particularly a subset expressing the checkpoint inhibitor CD172a, and infiltrate germinal centers. Expression of CD172a appears to be driven by ingestion of immature reticulocytes. Immature reticulocytes are drastically increased in the spleen of scald mice and may contribute to immunosuppression through more direct mechanisms as well. Overall, our study newly identifies two cell populations, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immature reticulocytes, as well as the CD47/CD172a-signaling pathways as mediators of T cell suppressors after burn and thus opens up new research opportunities in the search for new therapies to combat increased infection susceptibility and the associated morbidity and mortality in burn victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Franziska Huber
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Hanschen
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Nomellini
- Division of Research, Shriner's Hospital for Children Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Trauma Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Research, Shriner's Hospital for Children Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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21
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Baxter AA, Poon IK. Apoptotic cells secrete metabolites to regulate immune homeostasis. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:355-357. [PMID: 32338398 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Baxter
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ivan Kh Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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22
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Pilon C, Stehlé T, Beldi-Ferchiou A, Matignon M, Thiolat A, Burlion A, Grondin C, Birebent B, Pirenne F, Rouard H, Lang P, Marodon G, Grimbert P, Cohen JL. Human Apoptotic Cells, Generated by Extracorporeal Photopheresis, Modulate Allogeneic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2908. [PMID: 31921167 PMCID: PMC6930166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of specific and sustainable tolerance is a challenging issue in organ transplantation. The discovery of the immunosuppressive properties of apoptotic cells in animal models has paved the way for their use in human transplantation. In this work, we aimed to define a stable, reproducible, and clinically compatible production procedure of human apoptotic cells (Apo-cells). Using a clinically approved extracorporeal photopheresis technique, we have produced and characterized phenotypically and functionally human apoptotic cells. These Apo-cells have immunosuppressive properties proved in vitro and in vivo in NOD/SCID/γC mice by their capacity to modulate an allogeneic response following both a direct and an indirect antigen presentation. These results brought the rationale for the use of Apo-cells in tolerance induction protocol for organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pilon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Stehlé
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Créteil, France
| | - Asma Beldi-Ferchiou
- Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Marie Matignon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Créteil, France
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Aude Burlion
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Grondin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Brigitte Birebent
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) - Ile de France, Créteil, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) - Ile de France, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 2, Créteil, France
| | - Hélène Rouard
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) - Ile de France, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Lang
- Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
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23
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Park J, Huh JY, Oh J, Kim JI, Han SM, Shin KC, Jeon YG, Choe SS, Park J, Kim JB. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells stimulates adipose tissue remodeling via adipocyte death and birth in obesity. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1657-1672. [PMID: 31727774 PMCID: PMC6942052 DOI: 10.1101/gad.329557.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Park et al. set out to elucidate the mechanism by which adipose-resident invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells impact adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. Using in vitro and ex vivo approaches, the authors found that, in obesity, adipose iNKT cells can kill hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory adipocytes via FasL-Fas-dependent apoptosis, thus providing new insight into the role adipose iNKT cells play in promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling. In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes dynamic remodeling processes such as adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, immune responses, and adipocyte death. However, whether and how invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells contribute to adipose tissue remodeling are elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that iNKT cells remove unhealthy adipocytes and stimulate the differentiation of healthy adipocytes. In obese adipose tissue, iNKT cells were abundantly found nearby dead adipocytes. FasL-positive adipose iNKT cells exerted cytotoxic effects to eliminate hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory Fas-positive adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo adipocyte-lineage tracing mice model showed that activation of iNKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide promoted adipocyte turnover, eventually leading to potentiation of the insulin-dependent glucose uptake ability in adipose tissue. Collectively, our data propose a novel role of adipose iNKT cells in the regulation of adipocyte turnover in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong In Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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24
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Hodge MX, Reece SW, Madenspacher JH, Gowdy KM. In Vivo Assessment of Alveolar Macrophage Efferocytosis Following Ozone Exposure. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31710036 DOI: 10.3791/60109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a criteria air pollutant that exacerbates and increases the incidence of chronic pulmonary diseases. O3 exposure is known to induce pulmonary inflammation, but little is known regarding how exposure alters processes important to the resolution of inflammation. Efferocytosis is a resolution process, whereby macrophages phagocytize apoptotic cells. The purpose of this protocol is to measure alveolar macrophage efferocytosis following O3-induced lung injury and inflammation. Several methods have been described for measuring efferocytosis; however, most require ex vivo manipulations. Described in detail here is a protocol to measure in vivo alveolar macrophage efferocytosis 24 h after O3 exposure, which avoids ex vivo manipulation of macrophages and serves as a simple technique that can be used to accurately represent perturbations in this resolution process. The protocol is a technically non-intensive and relatively inexpensive method that involves whole-body O3 inhalation followed by oropharyngeal aspiration of apoptotic cells (i.e., Jurkat T cells) while under general anesthesia. Alveolar macrophage efferocytosis is then measured by light microscopy evaluation of macrophages collected from bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage. Efferocytosis is finally measured by calculating an efferocytic index. Collectively, the outlined methods quantify efferocytic activity in the lung in vivo while also serving to analyze the negative health effects of O3 or other inhaled insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles X Hodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University
| | - Sky W Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University
| | | | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University;
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25
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Guram K, Kim SS, Wu V, Sanders PD, Patel S, Schoenberger SP, Cohen EEW, Chen SY, Sharabi AB. A Threshold Model for T-Cell Activation in the Era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30936880 PMCID: PMC6431643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued discoveries of negative regulators of inflammatory signaling provide detailed molecular insights into peripheral tolerance and anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that peripheral tolerance is maintained at multiple levels of immune responses by negative regulators of proinflammatory signaling, soluble anti-inflammatory factors, inhibitory surface receptors & ligands, and regulatory cell subsets. This review provides a global overview of these regulatory machineries that work in concert to maintain peripheral tolerance at cellular and host levels, focusing on the direct and indirect regulation of T cells. The recent success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) has initiated a dramatic shift in the paradigm of cancer treatment. Unprecedented responses to CBI have highlighted the central role of T cells in both anti-tumor immunity and peripheral tolerance and underscored the importance of T cell exhaustion in cancer. We discuss the therapeutic implications of modulating the negative regulators of T cell function for tumor immunotherapy with an emphasis on inhibitory surface receptors & ligands—central players in T cell exhaustion and targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. We then introduce a Threshold Model for Immune Activation—the concept that these regulatory mechanisms contribute to defining a set threshold of immunogenic (proinflammatory) signaling required to elicit an anti-tumor or autoimmune response. We demonstrate the value of the Threshold Model in understanding clinical responses and immune related adverse events in the context of peripheral tolerance, tumor immunity, and the era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Guram
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Wu
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - P Dominick Sanders
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sandip Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P Schoenberger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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26
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Phenotypic and functional changes of GM-CSF differentiated human macrophages following exposure to apoptotic neutrophils. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Gregory CD, Paterson M. An apoptosis-driven 'onco-regenerative niche': roles of tumour-associated macrophages and extracellular vesicles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0003. [PMID: 29158317 PMCID: PMC5717442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-death programme, apoptosis, is well established as a tumour suppressor mechanism. Paradoxically, high levels of apoptosis in tumours are closely coupled with poor prognosis. Indeed, where it has been studied, cell loss is a striking feature of high-grade cancers, illustrating the importance of considering malignant disease as an imbalance between cell gain and cell loss that favours cell gain rather than as a unidirectional disorder of cell gain alone. In addition to orchestrating cell loss, apoptosis can signal regenerative responses—for example compensatory proliferation—in neighbouring cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that normal tissue repair and regenerative processes are hijacked in the malignant tissue microenvironment such that cancer may be likened to a ‘wound that fails to stop repairing’. We have proposed that a critical requirement for the successful growth, progression and re-growth of malignant tumours is a complex milieu, conceptually termed the ‘onco-regenerative niche’, which is composed, in addition to transformed neoplastic cells, of a network of normal cells and factors activated as if in tissue repair and regeneration. Our work is based around the hypothesis that tumour cell apoptosis, macrophage activation and endothelial activation are key, interlinked elements of the onco-regenerative niche and that apoptotic tumour cell–derived extracellular vesicles provide critical intercellular communication vehicles of the niche. In aggressive B-cell lymphoma, tumour cell apoptosis promotes both angiogenesis and the accumulation of pro-tumour macrophages in the lymphoma microenvironment. Furthermore, apoptotic lymphoma-derived extracellular vesicles have potent pro-tumour potential. These findings have important implications for the roles of apoptosis in regulation of malignant diseases and for the efficacy of apoptosis-inducing anti-cancer therapies. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Gregory
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Margaret Paterson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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28
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Abstract
Cell death is a perpetual feature of tissue microenvironments; each day under homeostatic conditions, billions of cells die and must be swiftly cleared by phagocytes. However, cell death is not limited to this natural turnover-apoptotic cell death can be induced by infection, inflammation, or severe tissue injury. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is thus coupled to specific functions, from the induction of growth factors that can stimulate the replacement of dead cells to the promotion of tissue repair or tissue remodeling in the affected site. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which phagocytes sense apoptotic cell death and discuss how phagocytosis is integrated with environmental cues to drive appropriate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Bernard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey D Hughes
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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29
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Girardot T, Rimmelé T, Venet F, Monneret G. Apoptosis-induced lymphopenia in sepsis and other severe injuries. Apoptosis 2018; 22:295-305. [PMID: 27812767 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and other acute injuries such as severe trauma, extensive burns, or major surgeries, are usually followed by a period of marked immunosuppression. In particular, while lymphocytes play a pivotal role in immune response, their functions and numbers are profoundly altered after severe injuries. Apoptosis plays a central role in this process by affecting immune response at various levels. Indeed, apoptosis-induced lymphopenia duration and depth have been associated with higher risk of infection and mortality in various clinical settings. Therapies modulating apoptosis represent an interesting approach to restore immune competence after acute injury, although their use in clinical practice still presents several limitations. After briefly describing the apoptosis process in physiology and during severe injuries, we will explore the immunological consequences of injury-induced lymphocyte apoptosis, and describe associations with clinically relevant outcomes in patients. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Girardot
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Pavillon E, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Cedex 03, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Pavillon E, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Cedex 03, Lyon, France. .,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
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30
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Vendomèle J, Khebizi Q, Fisson S. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID): What We Have Learned from Knockout Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1686. [PMID: 29250068 PMCID: PMC5714853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a well-known phenomenon that can occur after an antigen is introduced without any danger signal into the anterior chamber of a murine eye. It is reported to lead to an antigen-specific immune deviation throughout the body. Despite the relatively little evidence of this phenomenon in humans, it has been suggested as a potential prophylactic strategy in allograft rejections and in several autoimmune diseases. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of ACAID have been explored in different murine models mainly as proofs of concept, first by direct analyses of immune components in normal immunocompetent settings and by cell transfer experiments. Later, use of knockout (KO) mice has helped considerably to decipher ACAID mechanisms. However, several factors raise questions about the reliability and validity of studies using KO murine models. This mini-review summarizes results obtained with KO mice and discusses their advantages, their potential weaknesses, and their potential methods for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vendomèle
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Quentin Khebizi
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sylvain Fisson
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
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31
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Szondy Z, Sarang Z, Kiss B, Garabuczi É, Köröskényi K. Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms Triggered by Apoptotic Cells during Their Clearance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:909. [PMID: 28824635 PMCID: PMC5539239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, billions of cells die by apoptosis every day. The subsequent clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis is normally efficient enough to prevent secondary necrosis and the consequent release of cell contents that would induce inflammation and trigger autoimmunity. In addition, apoptotic cells generally induce an anti-inflammatory response, thus removal of apoptotic cells is usually immunologically silent. Since the first discovery that uptake of apoptotic cells leads to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10 release by engulfing macrophages, numerous anti-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by apoptotic cells have been discovered, including release of anti-inflammatory molecules from the apoptotic cells, triggering immediate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways by apoptotic cell surface molecules via phagocyte receptors, activating phagocyte nuclear receptors following uptake and inducing the production of anti-inflammatory soluble mediators by phagocytes that may act via paracrine or autocrine mechanisms to amplify and preserve the anti-inflammatory state. Here, we summarize our present knowledge about how these anti-inflammatory mechanisms operate during the clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Szondy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences of Dental Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Köröskényi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences of Dental Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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32
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells that have undergone apoptosis in situ has revealed a division of labor among the tissue resident phagocytes that sample them. Macrophages are uniquely programmed to process internalized apoptotic cell-derived fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleotides, as a reflection of their dominant role in clearing the bulk of apoptotic cells. Dendritic cells carry apoptotic cells to lymph nodes where they signal the emergence and expansion of highly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells. A broad suppression of inflammation is executed through distinct phagocyte-specific mechanisms. A clever induction of negative regulatory nodes is notable in dendritic cells serving to simultaneously shut down multiple pathways of inflammation. Several of the genes and pathways modulated in phagocytes in response to apoptotic cells have been linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our collective understanding of old and new phagocyte functions after apoptotic cell phagocytosis demonstrates the enormity of ways to mediate immune suppression and enforce tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Pitt JM, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Immunogenic and Non-immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:65-79. [PMID: 29275465 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The host immune system is continuously exposed to dying cells and has evolved to distinguish between cell death events signaling potential threats and physiological apoptosis that should be tolerated. Tumors can use this distinction to their advantage, promoting apoptotic death of cancer cells to induce tolerance and evasion of immunosurveillance. On the other hand, stimuli that cause immunogenic death of cancer cells can induce an effective anti-tumor immune response. In this chapter we discuss different forms of cell death in the tumor microenvironment, and how these interact with host immune cells to impact tumor progression and cancer therapy. We focus on how cancer cells hijack aspects of cell death to promote tumor survival, and how anti-cancer treatments that activate immunogenic death modalities give strong and durable clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Pitt
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud-XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, Cedex, France
- INSERM U848, Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, Cedex, France.
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud-XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.
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34
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Saas P, Daguindau E, Perruche S. Concise Review: Apoptotic Cell-Based Therapies-Rationale, Preclinical Results and Future Clinical Developments. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1464-73. [PMID: 27018198 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to summarize the experimental data obtained using apoptotic cell-based therapies, and then to discuss future clinical developments. Indeed, apoptotic cells exhibit immunomodulatory properties that are reviewed here by focusing on more recent mechanisms. These immunomodulatory mechanisms are in particular linked to the clearance of apoptotic cells (called also efferocytosis) by phagocytes, such as macrophages, and the induction of regulatory T cells. Thus, apoptotic cell-based therapies have been used to prevent or treat experimental inflammatory diseases. Based on these studies, we have identified critical steps to design future clinical trials. This includes: the administration route, the number and schedule of administration, the appropriate apoptotic cell type to be used, as well as the apoptotic signal. We also have analyzed the clinical relevancy of apoptotic-cell-based therapies in experimental models. Additional experimental data are required concerning the treatment of inflammatory diseases (excepted for sepsis) before considering future clinical trials. In contrast, apoptotic cells have been shown to favor engraftment and to reduce acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in different relevant models of transplantation. This has led to the conduct of a phase 1/2a clinical trial to alleviate GvHD. The absence of toxic effects obtained in this trial may support the development of other clinical studies based on this new cell therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:1464-1473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saas
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France.,CHRU Besançon, Hématologie, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- INSERM, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Besançon, Besançon, France.,LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, Besançon, France
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Morelli AE, Larregina AT. Concise Review: Mechanisms Behind Apoptotic Cell-Based Therapies Against Transplant Rejection and Graft versus Host Disease. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1142-50. [PMID: 26865545 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main limitations to the success of transplantation are the antigraft response developed by the recipient immune system, and the adverse side effects of chronic immunosuppression. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) triggered by donor-derived T lymphocytes against the recipient tissues is another serious obstacle in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Several laboratories have tested the possibility of promoting antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance for therapy of graft rejection, GVHD, and autoimmune disorders, by developing methodologies that mimic the mechanisms by which the immune system maintains peripheral tolerance in the steady state. It has been long recognized that the silent clearance of cells undergoing apoptosis exerts potent immune-regulatory effects and provides apoptotic cell-derived Ags to those Ag-presenting cells (APCs) that internalize them, in particular macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, in situ-targeting of recipient APCs by systemic administration of leukocytes in early apoptosis and bearing donor Ags represents a relatively simple approach to control the antidonor response against allografts. Here, we review the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells are silently cleared by phagocytes, and how such phenomenon leads to down-regulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. We discuss the evolution of apoptotic cell-based therapies from murine models of organ/tissue transplantation and GVHD, to clinical trials. We make emphasis on potential limitations and areas of concern of apoptotic cell-based therapies, and on how other immune-suppressive therapies used in the clinics or tested experimentally likely also function through the silent clearance of apoptotic cells by the immune system. Stem Cells 2016;34:1142-1150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- T.E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery.,Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.,Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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36
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Gregory CD, Ford CA, Voss JJLP. Microenvironmental Effects of Cell Death in Malignant Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 930:51-88. [PMID: 27558817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although apoptosis is well recognized as a cell death program with clear anticancer roles, accumulating evidence linking apoptosis with tissue repair and regeneration indicates that its relationship with malignant disease is more complex than previously thought. Here we review how the responses of neighboring cells in the microenvironment of apoptotic tumor cells may contribute to the cell birth/cell death disequilibrium that provides the basis for cancerous tissue emergence and growth. We describe the bioactive properties of apoptotic cells and consider, in particular, how apoptosis of tumor cells can engender a range of responses including pro-oncogenic signals having proliferative, angiogenic, reparatory, and immunosuppressive features. Drawing on the parallels between wound healing, tissue regeneration and cancer, we propose the concept of the "onco-regenerative niche," a cell death-driven generic network of tissue repair and regenerative mechanisms that are hijacked in cancer. Finally, we consider how the responses to cell death in tumors can be targeted to provide more effective and long-lasting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Gregory
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Catriona A Ford
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jorine J L P Voss
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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37
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Amarante-Mendes GP, Griffith TS. Therapeutic applications of TRAIL receptor agonists in cancer and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:117-31. [PMID: 26343199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL/Apo-2L is a member of the TNF superfamily first described as an apoptosis-inducing cytokine in 1995. Similar to TNF and Fas ligand, TRAIL induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent manner following TRAIL death receptor trimerization. Because tumor cells were shown to be particularly sensitive to this cytokine while normal cells/tissues proved to be resistant along with being able to synthesize and release TRAIL, it was rapidly appreciated that TRAIL likely served as one of our major physiologic weapons against cancer. In line with this, a number of research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies have attempted to exploit the ability of TRAIL to kill cancer cells by developing recombinant forms of TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonists (e.g., receptor-specific mAb) for therapeutic purposes. In this review article we will describe the biochemical pathways used by TRAIL to induce different cell death programs. We will also summarize the clinical trials related to this pathway and discuss possible novel uses of TRAIL-related therapies. In recent years, the physiological importance of TRAIL has expanded beyond being a tumoricidal molecule to one critical for a number of clinical settings - ranging from infectious disease and autoimmunity to cardiovascular anomalies. We will also highlight some of these conditions where modulation of the TRAIL/TRAIL receptor system may be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil.
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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38
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Grygorczuk S, Osada J, Moniuszko A, Świerzbińska R, Kondrusik M, Zajkowska J, Dunaj J, Dąbrowska M, Pancewicz S. Increased expression of Fas receptor and Fas ligand in the culture of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 6:189-97. [PMID: 25541498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of the lymphocytes plays an essential role in the regulation of inflammatory/immune responses and its abnormalities may contribute to a chronic infection, persistent inflammation and autoimmunity. Its role in the pathogenesis of the late Lyme borreliosis manifestations has not been studied so far. We have measured Th lymphocyte apoptosis rate, membrane expression of pro-apoptotic Fas receptor, and supernatant concentrations of selected soluble pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients with disseminated Lyme borreliosis (6 with osteoarticular symptoms, 7 with neuroborreliosis and 3 with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) and 8 healthy controls. The cultures stimulated for 48h with live Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii or B. afzelii spirochetes. Fraction of the apoptotic Th (CD3+CD4+) lymphocytes and expression of Fas in this cell population was measured cytometrically and concentrations of soluble Fas, soluble Fas ligand, IL-10, IL-12 and TGF-β in culture supernatant with ELISA assays. The expression of IL-10, soluble and membrane Fas and soluble Fas ligand was increased under stimulation and higher in the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto than the other species. Apoptosis rate was not affected. There was no difference between Lyme borreliosis patients and controls. IL-10 concentration correlated negatively with the membrane Fas expression and apoptosis under stimulation with B. afzelii and B. garinii. Expression of Fas/FasL system is up-regulated under stimulation with B. burgdorferi, but without corresponding increase in lymphocyte apoptosis. Variable responses observed with different B. burgdorferi species may reflect differences in the pathogenesis of the infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambor Grygorczuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Osada
- Department of Hematologic Diagnostics, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Świerzbińska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kondrusik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajkowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Dunaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Milena Dąbrowska
- Department of Hematologic Diagnostics, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
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39
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Saas P, Kaminski S, Perruche S. Prospects of apoptotic cell-based therapies for transplantation and inflammatory diseases. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1055-73. [PMID: 24088076 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell removal or interactions of early-stage apoptotic cells with immune cells are associated with an immunomodulatory microenvironment that can be harnessed to exert therapeutic effects. While the involved immune mechanisms are still being deciphered, apoptotic cell infusion has been tested in different experimental models where inflammation is deregulated. This includes chronic and acute inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, contact hypersensitivity and acute myocardial infarction. Apoptotic cell infusion has also been used in transplantation settings to prevent or treat acute and chronic rejection, as well as to limit acute graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in apoptotic cell-induced immunomodulation and data obtained in preclinical models of transplantation and inflammatory diseases.
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40
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Citro A, Barnaba V, Martini H. From T Cell Apoptosis to Chronic Immune Activation in Inflammatory Diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:140-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000363385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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41
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Strain-dependent induction of human enterocyte apoptosis by blastocystis disrupts epithelial barrier and ZO-1 organization in a caspase 3- and 9-dependent manner. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:209163. [PMID: 24822183 PMCID: PMC4009109 DOI: 10.1155/2014/209163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an emerging protistan parasite colonizing the human intestine. It is frequently reported to cause general intestinal symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. We recently demonstrated that Blastocystis rearranged cytoskeletal proteins and induced intestinal epithelial barrier compromise. The effect of Blastocystis on enterocyte apoptosis is unknown, and a possible link between microbially induced enterocyte apoptosis and increased epithelial permeability has yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to assess if Blastocystis induces human enterocyte apoptosis and whether this effect influences human intestinal epithelial barrier function. Monolayers of polarized human colonic epithelial cell-line Caco-2 were incubated with Blastocystis subtype 7 and subtype 4. Assays for both early and late markers of apoptosis, phosphatidylserine externalization, and nuclear fragmentation, respectively, showed that Blastocystis ST-7, but not ST-4, significantly increased apoptosis in enterocytes, suggesting that Blastocystis exhibits host specificity and strain-to-strain variation in pathogenicity. ST-7 also activated Caco-2 caspases 3 and 9 but not 8. ST-7 induced changes in epithelial resistance, permeability, and tight junction (ZO-1) localization. Pretreatment of Caco-2 monolayers with a pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited these changes. This suggests a role for enterocyte apoptosis in Blastocystis-mediated epithelial barrier compromise in the human intestine.
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42
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Refaai MA, Blumberg N. Transfusion immunomodulation from a clinical perspective: an update. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 6:653-63. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2013.850026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Condotta SA, Cabrera-Perez J, Badovinac VP, Griffith TS. T-cell-mediated immunity and the role of TRAIL in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Crit Rev Immunol 2013; 33:23-40. [PMID: 23510024 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in most intensive care units, and the death of septic patients usually does not result from the initial septic event but rather from subsequent nosocomial infections. Patients who survive severe sepsis often display severely compromised immune function. Not only is there significant apoptosis of lymphoid and myeloid cells that depletes critical components of the immune system during sepsis, there is also decreased function of the remaining immune cells. Studies of animals and humans suggest the immune defects that occur during sepsis may be critical to pathogenesis and subsequent mortality. This review focuses on sepsis-induced alterations with the cluster differentiation (CD) 8 T-cell compartment that can affect the control of secondary heterologous infections. Understanding how a septic event directly influences CD8 T-cell populations through apoptotic death and homeostatic proliferation and indirectly by immune-mediated suppression will provide valuable starting points for developing new treatment options.
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44
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The impact of radiation therapy on the antitumor immunity: local effects and systemic consequences. Cancer Lett 2013; 356:114-25. [PMID: 23994343 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The main antitumor efficacy of irradiation relies in its direct cytotoxic effect. Increasing evidence indicates a systemic effect of radiation though, mediated mainly by the immune system. In this review we wish to focus on the radiotherapy induced modifications of the soluble and cellular mediators of the antitumor immune response and summarize some of the mechanisms by which radiation driven local and systemic bystander effects can influence tumor immunogenicity. In different tumor types due to the intrinsic immunogenicity of the tumor cells and the immunological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, different radiation induced immune modulatory mechanisms are predominant. Radiation most probably can only amplify or augment a pro-immunogenic phenotype and can hardly change by itself a net immune suppressing environment into an immune stimulating one. This immune modulatory potential of radiotherapy could be exploited in tumor treatment by developing combined radiotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic approaches. The last few years showed a dramatic increase in the knowledge of radiation induced out-of field and systemic effects, which foresees a rapid progress in the development and clinical application of these new, combined therapies for cancer cure.
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45
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Increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in BALB/c mice: Fas ligand is required for resolution of inflammation but not for bacterial clearance. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2217-25. [PMID: 23569113 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00405-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FasL was recently shown be required for bacterial clearance in C57BL/6 mice that express the FasL.1 allotype. The FasL.2 allotype is expressed in BALB/c mice and exhibits increased binding affinity to and increased cytotoxic activity against Fas(+) target cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that BALB/c mice would be more resistant to Staphylococcus aureus-induced endophthalmitis. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and BALB(gld) mice received intravitreal injections of 2,500 CFU of S. aureus (RN6390). Clinical examinations, electroretinography (ERG), histology, and bacterial quantification were performed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postinjection. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay was used to quantitate neutrophil infiltration. At 96 h postinfection, 86% of C57BL/6 mice presented with complete destruction of the eye, compared to only 29% of BALB/c mice with complete destruction. To our surprise, in the absence of Fas ligand, BALB(gld) mice showed no difference in bacterial clearance compared to BALB/c mice. However, histology and ERG analysis revealed increased retinal damage and significant loss of retinal function. MPO analysis revealed equal numbers of neutrophils in BALB(gld) and BALB/c mice at 24 h postinfection. However, at 48 h, the neutrophil numbers remained significantly elevated in BALB(gld) mice, correlating with the increased retinal damage observed in BALB(gld) mice. We conclude that the increased resistance to S. aureus induced endophthalmitis in BALB/c mice is not dependent upon the FasL. However, in contrast to C57BL/6 mice, FasL is required for resolution of inflammation and protecting host tissue from nonspecific damage in BALB/c mice.
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46
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47
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Giuliari GP, Sadaka A, Hinkle DM. Biologic agents in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:145-56. [PMID: 23494482 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental uveitis models were developed in an effort to elucidate the pathogenesis of human uveitis. The therapeutic effects of numerous anti-inflammatory agents including corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents including biologic response modifiers have been investigated in both experimental and human uveitis. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha and anti-interleukins, among others, demonstrate efficacy and are employed in the treatment of uveitis refractory to conventional immunomodulatory agents.
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48
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Gregory CD. Inflammation and cancer revisited: an hypothesis on the oncogenic potential of the apoptotic tumor cell. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:312-6. [PMID: 23320865 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.755961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that an important property of apoptosis is the prevention of cancer. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that apoptotic cells have the capacity to activate reparative and regenerative responses, which have the potential to make significant impact on pathological processes underlying autoimmune disease and cancer. Those properties of apoptotic cells that influence their immediate microenvironment are reviewed here in the context of cancer progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Gregory
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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49
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Tuning Cross-Presentation of Apoptotic T Cells in Immunopathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 785:27-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6217-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Decreased apoptotic rate of alveolar macrophages of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Med 2012; 2012:981730. [PMID: 22792456 PMCID: PMC3389730 DOI: 10.1155/2012/981730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Increased apoptosis of epithelial cells and decreased apoptosis of myofibroblasts are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. The apoptotic profile of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in IPF is unclear. Aim. To investigate whether AMs of patients with IPF exhibit a different apoptotic profile compared to normal subjects. Methods. We analyzed, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of the apoptotic markers fas, fas ligand , bcl-2, and bax in AM obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 20 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive IPF patients and of 16 controls.
Apoptosis of AM was evaluated by Apoptag immunohistochemistry. IPF patients received either interferon-g and corticosteroids or azathioprine and corticosteroids for six months. Results. BALF AMs undergoing apoptosis were significantly less in IPF patients. No difference was found in the expression of fas or fas ligand, bcl-2 and bax between IPF
and control group. No difference was found between the respiratory function parameters of the two treatment groups after six months. A positive correlation was found between the number of bcl-2 positive stained macrophages and DLCO after treatment. Conclusions. The decreased apoptotic rate of AM of patients with IPF is not associated with decreased expression of apoptosis mediators involved in the external or internal apoptotic pathway.
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