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Zhao J, Li L, Feng X, Yin H, Fan X, Gao C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Blockade of OX40/OX40L signaling using anti-OX40L alleviates murine lupus nephritis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350915. [PMID: 38798163 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants of the OX40 ligand (OX40L) locus are associated with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is unclear how the OX40L blockade delays the lupus phenotype. Therefore, we examined the effects of an anti-OX40L antibody in MRL/Lpr mice. Next, we investigated the effect of anti-OX40L on immunosuppression in keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized C57BL/6J mice. In vitro treatment of anti-OX40L in CD4+ T and B220+ B cells was used to explore the role of OX40L in the pathogenesis of SLE. Anti-OX40L alleviated murine lupus nephritis, accompanied by decreased production of anti-dsDNA and proteinuria, as well as lower frequencies of splenic T helper (Th) 1 and T-follicular helper cells (Tfh). In keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized mice, decreased levels of immunoglobulins and plasmablasts were observed in the anti-OX40L group. Anti-OX40L reduced the number and area of germinal centers. Compared with the control IgG group, anti-OX40L downregulated CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Th1 and Tfh cells and upregulated CD4+ T-cell differentiation into regulatory T cells in vitro. Furthermore, anti-OX40L inhibited toll-like receptor 7-mediated differentiation of antibody-secreting cells and antibody production through the regulation of the SPIB-BLIMP1-XBP1 axis in B cells. These results suggest that OX40L is a promising therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Feng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqi Yin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxing Gao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wong MTJ, Anuar NS, Noordin R, Tye GJ. Generation of IgG antibodies against Strongyloides stercoralis in mice via immunization with recombinant antigens A133 and Ss-IR. Acta Trop 2024; 251:107122. [PMID: 38246399 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, remains a threat to global public health, and a vaccine would be useful to control the disease, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant proteins, A133 and Ss-IR, as potential vaccine candidates against strongyloidiasis by investigating the humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice. Respective antigens were adjuvanted with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (prime) and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (boost) and administered intraperitoneally (prime) and subcutaneously (boost) to female BALB/c mice. For antigen-only doses, only antigens were injected without adjuvants. Altogether, 1 prime dose, 4 booster doses, and 2 antigen-only doses were administered successively. ELISAs were conducted to assess the antibody responses, along with flow cytometry and cytokine ELISA to elucidate the cellular immune responses. Results showed that A133 and Ss-IR induced the production of IgG1 and IgG2a, with A133 generating more robust IgG2a responses than Ss-IR. Flow cytometry findings indicated that effector CD8+T-cells and memory B-cells activity were upregulated significantly for A133 only, whereas cytokine ELISA demonstrated that a Th1/Th2/Th17 mixed cell responses were triggered upon vaccination with either antigen. This preliminary study illustrated the good potential of recombinant A133 and Ss-IR as vaccine candidates against S. stercoralis. It provided information on the probable immune mechanism involved in host defence and the elicitation of protection against S. stercoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tze Jian Wong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Wang X, Yuan Z, Li Z, He X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Su J, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yi T, Xiao Z. Key oncogenic signaling pathways affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: basic principles and recent advances. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354313. [PMID: 38426090 PMCID: PMC10902128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks first among primary liver cancers, and its mortality rate exhibits a consistent annual increase. The treatment of HCC has witnessed a significant surge in recent years, with the emergence of targeted immune therapy as an adjunct to early surgical resection. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising results in other types of solid tumors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interactions between different types of TILs and their impact on HCC, elucidate strategies for targeting neoantigens through TILs, and address the challenges encountered in TIL therapies along with potential solutions. Furthermore, this article specifically examines the impact of oncogenic signaling pathways activation within the HCC tumor microenvironment on the infiltration dynamics of TILs. Additionally, a concise overview is provided regarding TIL preparation techniques and an update on clinical trials investigating TIL-based immunotherapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zijun Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Longmatan District People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Li Y, Wen C, Gu S, Wang W, Guo L, Li CK, Yi X, Zhou Y, Dong Z, Fu X, Zhong S, Wang Y, Huang K, Yin J, Zhong C, Liang X, Fan R, Chen H, Jiang D, Zhang X, Sun J, Tang L, Peng J, Hou J. Differential response of HBV envelope-specific CD4 + T cells is related to HBsAg loss after stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. Hepatology 2023; 78:592-606. [PMID: 36896974 PMCID: PMC10344436 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long-term maintenance of viral control, even HBsAg loss, remains a challenge for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HBV-specific T-cell responses targeting peptides spanning the whole proteome and clinical outcomes in CHB patients after NA discontinuation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Eighty-eight CHB patients undergoing NA discontinuation were classified as responders (remained relapse-free up to 96 weeks) or relapsers (relapsed patients who underwent NA retreatment for up to 48 weeks and reachieved stable viral control). HBV-specific T-cell responses were detected at baseline and longitudinally throughout the follow-up. We found responders had a greater magnitude of HBV polymerase (Pol)-specific T-cell responses than relapsers at baseline. After long-term NA discontinuation, simultaneously enhanced HBV Core-induced and Pol-induced responses were observed in responders. Particularly, responders with HBsAg loss possessed enhanced HBV Envelope (Env)-induced responses after short-term and long-term follow-up. Notably, CD4 + T cells accounted for the predominance of HBV-specific T-cell responses. Correspondingly, CD4-deficient mice showed attenuated HBV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses, reduced HBsAb-producing B cells, and delayed HBsAg loss; in contrast, in vitro addition of CD4 + T cells promoted HBsAb production by B cells. Besides, IL-9, rather than PD-1 blockade, enhanced HBV Pol-specific CD4 + T-cell responses. CONCLUSION HBV-specific CD4 + T-cell responses induced by the targeted peptide possess specificities for long-term viral control and HBsAg loss in CHB patients undergoing NA discontinuation, indicating that CD4 + T cells specific to distinct HBV antigens may endow with divergent antiviral potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chris Kafai Li
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuiyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xieer Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Čelakovská J, Čermáková E, Boudková P, Andrýs C, Krejsek J. Evaluation of Leukocytes, B and T Lymphocytes, and expression of CD200 and CD23 on B lymphocytes in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis on Dupilumab Therapy-Pilot Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:1171-1192. [PMID: 37097547 PMCID: PMC10149535 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a lot of studies that describe the change in quantity of T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with healthy subjects. Other components of lymphocytes such as B cells are not examined as well as T cells. OBJECTIVE We focus on immunophenotyping of B cells with their subsets (memory, naïve, switched, non-switched) and the expression of CD23 and CD200 markers in patients with AD with and without dupilumab therapy. We also evaluate the count of leukocytes and their subsets, T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+), natural killer (NK) cells, and T regulatory cells. METHODS A total of 45 patients suffering from AD were examined: 32 patients without dupilumab treatment (10 men, 22 women, average age 35 years), 13 patients with dupilumab treatment (7 men, 6 women, average age 43.4 years), and 30 subjects as a control group (10 men, 20 women, average age 44.7 years). Immunophenotype was examined by flow cytometry in which monoclonal antibodies with fluorescent molecules were used. We compared the absolute and relative count of leukocytes and their subsets, T lymphocytes (CD4+ , CD8+), NK cells, T regulatory cells, absolute and relative count of B lymphocytes (memory, naïve, non-switched, switched, transient), and expression of CD23 and CD200 activation markers on B cells and on their subsets in patients with AD and control group. For statistical analysis we used nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni modification of significance level. RESULTS In patients with AD with and without dupilumab therapy we confirmed the significantly higher count of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils; there was no difference in absolute count of B cells, NK cells and transitional B cells compared with control subjects. We confirmed higher expression of activation marker CD23 on total, memory, naïve, non-switched, and switched B lymphocytes and higher expression of CD200 on total B lymphocytes in both groups of patients with AD compared with controls. In patients without dupilumab therapy we confirmed significantly higher count of relative monocytes, relative eosinophils, and higher expression of CD200 on memory, naïve, and non-switched B lymphocytes compared with controls. In patients with dupilumab therapy we confirmed significantly higher expression of CD200 on switched B lymphocytes, higher count of relative CD4+ T lymphocytes, and lower count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with controls. CONCLUSION This pilot study shows higher expression of CD23 on B lymphocytes and on their subsets in patients with AD with and without dupilumab therapy. The higher expression of CD200 on switched B lymphocytes is confirmed only in patients with AD with dupilumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Boudková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, 50002, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Zhang E, Ding C, Li S, Zhou X, Aikemu B, Fan X, Sun J, Zheng M, Yang X. Roles and mechanisms of tumour-infiltrating B cells in human cancer: a new force in immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 36890557 PMCID: PMC9997025 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have emerged as a revolutionary treatment strategy for human cancer patients. However, as the response rate to ICI therapy varies widely among different types of tumours, we are beginning to gain insight into the mechanisms as well as biomarkers of therapeutic response and resistance. Numerous studies have highlighted the dominant role of cytotoxic T cells in determining the treatment response to ICIs. Empowered by recent technical advances, such as single-cell sequencing, tumour-infiltrating B cells have been identified as a key regulator in several solid tumours by affecting tumour progression and the response to ICIs. In the current review, we summarized recent advances regarding the role and underlying mechanisms of B cells in human cancer and therapy. Some studies have shown that B-cell abundance in cancer is positively associated with favourable clinical outcomes, while others have indicated that they are tumour-promoting, implying that the biological function of B cells is a complex landscape. The molecular mechanisms involved multiple aspects of the functions of B cells, including the activation of CD8+ T cells, the secretion of antibodies and cytokines, and the facilitation of the antigen presentation process. In addition, other crucial mechanisms, such as the functions of regulatory B cells (Bregs) and plasma cells, are discussed. Here, by summarizing the advances and dilemmas of recent studies, we depicted the current landscape of B cells in cancers and paved the way for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chengsheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xueliang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Batuer Aikemu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Tandel N, Negi S, Dalai SK, Tyagi RK. Role of natural killer and B cell interaction in inducing pathogen specific immune responses. Int Rev Immunol 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36731424 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2172406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) system comprising of the circulating and tissue-resident cells is known to clear infectious pathogens, establish immune homeostasis as well as confer antitumor immunity. Human natural killer cells (hNKs) and other ILCs carry out mopping of the infectious pathogens and perform cytolytic activity regulated by the non-adaptive immune system. The NK cells generate immunological memory and rapid recall response tightly regulated by the adaptive immunity. The interaction of NK and B cell, and its role to induce the pathogen specific immunity is not fully understood. Hence, present article sheds light on the interaction between NK and B cells and resulting immune responses in the infectious diseases. The immune responses elicited by the NK-B cell interaction is of particular importance for developing therapeutic vaccines against the infectious pathogens. Further, experimental evidences suggest the immune-response driven by NK cell population elicits the host-specific antibodies and memory B cells. Also, recently developed humanized immune system (HIS) mice and their importance in to understanding the NK-B cell interaction and resulting pathogen specific immunity has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarat K Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
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8
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Zhao L, Zhang W, Liu M, Jia R, Wang J, Wang F, Xu Y. OX40L enhances the immunogenicity of dendritic cells and inhibits tumor metastasis in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:79-89. [PMID: 36345699 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A well preserved immune system is a powerful tool to prevent foreign invasion or to suppress internal mutation, which must be tightly controlled by co-stimulatory molecules in different pathophysiological conditions. One such critical molecule is OX40L expressed on activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consistently, its abnormality is associated with various immunological disorders such as autoinflammatory diseases and allergy. However, a comprehensive analysis of the immune-moderating role of OX40L in dendritic cells (DCs), the most powerful APCs to initiate immune responses in vivo, and investigation of its anti-tumor efficacy in the disease setting have not been performed properly. In this study, genetic approaches for both gain-of-function and reduction-of-function were employed to reveal that OX40L was required for the efficient presentation, but not uptake, of antigens by DCs to stimulate CD4+ , as well as CD8+ T cells in vivo. As a result, CD4+ T cells were promoted towards Th1, but inhibited on Treg differentiation, by the LPS-induced OX40L on DCs, which was supported by their altered expression of co-inhibitory receptor, PD-L1. CD8+ T cells, on the other hand, also enhanced their cytotoxicity towards target cells in response to OX40L expression on the DCs transferred in vivo. Finally, in a DC-mediated tumor immunity model, the strong immunogenic roles of OX40L on DCs led to better metastasis inhibition in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that OX40L could serve as a potential target in the DC-based vaccine for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruoyu Jia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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9
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Rojas JM, Mancho C, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Rodríguez-Martín D, Avia M, Moreno S, Sevilla N, Martín V. Adenoviral delivery of soluble ovine OX40L or CD70 costimulatory molecules improves adaptive immune responses to a model antigen in sheep. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1010873. [PMID: 36211974 PMCID: PMC9538494 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor superfamily OX40L and CD70 and their receptors are costimulatory signalling axes critical for adequate T and B cell activation in humans and mice. In this work we inoculated groups of sheep with human recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad) expressing Ovis aries (Oa)OX40L or OaCD70 or a control adenoviral vector to determine whether they could improve the immune response to the model antigen OVA. PBMCs and serum samples were obtained for analysis of the adaptive immune response to OVA at days 0, 15, 30 and 90 post-inoculation (pi). Recall responses to OVA were assessed at day 7 and 30 after the second antigen inoculation (pb) at day 90. Administration of these immunomodulatory molecules did not induce unspecific PBMC stimulation. While OaOX40L administration mainly increased TNF-α and IL-4 in PBMC at day 15 pi concomitantly with a slight increase in antibody titer and the number of IFN-γ producing cells, we detected greater effects on adaptive immunity after OaCD70 administration. AdOaCD70 inoculation improved antibody titers to OVA at days 30 and 90 pi, and increased anti-OVA-specific IgG-secreting B cell counts when compared to control. Moreover, higher IFN-γ production was detected on days 7 pi, 7 pb and 30 pb in PBMCs from this group. Phenotypic analysis of T cell activation showed an increase in effector CD8+ T cells (CD8+ CD62L- CD27-) at day 15 pi in AdOaCD70 group, concurrent with a decrease in early activated cells (CD8+ CD62L- CD27+). Moreover, recall anti-OVA CD8+ T cell responses were increased at 7 pb in the AdOaCD70 group. AdOaCD70 administration could therefore promote CD8+ T cell effector differentiation and long-term activity. In this work we characterized the in vivo adjuvant potential on the humoral and cellular immune response of OaOX40L and OaCD70 delivered by non-replicative adenovirus vectors using the model antigen OVA. We present data highlighting the potency of these molecules as veterinary vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Mancho
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Avia
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Verónica Martín,
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10
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Širvinskas D, Omrani O, Lu J, Rasa M, Krepelova A, Adam L, Kaeppel S, Sommer F, Neri F. Single-cell atlas of the aging mouse colon. iScience 2022; 25:104202. [PMID: 35479413 PMCID: PMC9035718 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed massive single-cell sequencing in the aging mouse colonic epithelium and immune cells. We identified novel compartment-specific markers as well as dramatic aging-associated changes in cell composition and signaling pathways, including a shift from absorptive to secretory epithelial cells, depletion of naive lymphocytes, and induction of eIF2 signaling. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death within the western world, incidence of which increases with age. The colonic epithelium is a rapidly renewing tissue, tasked with water and nutrient absorption, as well as hosting intestinal microbes. The colonic submucosa is populated with immune cells interacting with and regulating the epithelial cells. However, it is unknown whether compartment-specific changes occur during aging and what impact this would cause. We show that both epithelial and immune cells differ significantly between colonic compartments and experience significant age-related changes in mice. We found a shift in the absorptive-secretory cell balance, possibly linked to age-associated intestinal disturbances, such as malabsorption. We demonstrate marked changes in aging immune cells: population shifts and interactions with epithelial cells, linking cytokines (Ifn-γ, Il1B) with the aging of colonic epithelium. Our results provide new insights into the normal and age-associated states of the colon. Mouse colon shows compartment-specific transcriptional and population differences Old animal colon switches to a pro-inflammatory state Changes in epithelium linked to changes in tissue-resident immune cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Omrani
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rasa
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Kaeppel
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author
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11
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Enokida M, Minato KI, Yoshino S, Ohto N, Kuwahara H, Mizuno M. Oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3 exerts anti-allergic activity against intestinal food allergy mouse models sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Song Z, Yuan W, Zheng L, Wang X, Kuchroo VK, Mohib K, Rothstein DM. B Cell IL-4 Drives Th2 Responses In Vivo, Ameliorates Allograft Rejection, and Promotes Allergic Airway Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:762390. [PMID: 35359977 PMCID: PMC8963939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.762390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells can be polarized to express various cytokines. The roles of IFNγ and IL-10, expressed respectively by B effector 1 (Be1) and Bregs, have been established in pathogen clearance, tumor growth, autoimmunity and allograft rejection. However, the in vivo role of B cell IL-4, produced by Be2 cells, remains to be established. We developed B-IL-4/13 iKO mice carrying a tamoxifen-inducible B cell-specific deletion of IL-4 and IL-13. After alloimmunization, B-IL-4/13 iKO mice exhibited decreased IL-4+ Th2 cells and IL-10+ Bregs without impact on Th1, Tregs, or CD8 T cell responses. B-IL-4/13 iKO mice rejected islet allografts more rapidly, even when treated with tolerogenic anti-TIM-1 mAb. In ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease (AAD), B-IL-4/13 iKO mice had reduced inflammatory cells in BAL, and preserved lung histology with markedly decreased infiltration by IL-4+ and IL-5+ CD4+ T cells. Hence, B cell IL-4 is a major driver of Th2 responses in vivo which promotes allograft survival, and conversely, worsens AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Song
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Kidney Transplantation and Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leting Zheng
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kanishka Mohib
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: David M. Rothstein, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-7971
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13
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Saghari M, Gal P, Gilbert S, Yateman M, Porter‐Brown B, Brennan N, Quaratino S, Wilson R, Grievink HW, Klaassen ES, Bergmann KR, Burggraaf J, Doorn MB, Powell J, Moerland M, Rissmann R. OX40L Inhibition Suppresses KLH‐driven Immune Responses in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Demonstrating Proof‐of‐Pharmacology for KY1005. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 111:1121-1132. [PMID: 35092305 PMCID: PMC9314635 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of an anti‐OX40L monoclonal antibody (KY1005, currently amlitelimab) were evaluated. Pharmacodynamic (PD) effects were explored using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and tetanus toxoid (TT) immunizations. Sixty‐four healthy male subjects (26.5 ± 6.0 years) were randomized to single doses of 0.006, 0.018, or 0.05 mg/kg, or multiple doses of 0.15, 0.45, 1.35, 4, or 12 mg/kg KY1005, or placebo (6:2). Serum KY1005 concentrations were measured. Antibody responses upon KLH and TT immunizations and skin response upon intradermal KLH administration were performed. PD data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and post hoc exposure‐response modeling. No serious adverse events occurred and all adverse events were temporary and of mild or moderate severity. A nonlinear increase in mean serum KY1005 concentrations was observed (median time to maximum concentration (Tmax) ~ 4 hours, geometric mean terminal half‐life (t½) ~ 24 days). Cutaneous blood perfusion (estimated difference (ED) −13.4 arbitrary unit (AU), 95% confidence interval (CI) −23.0 AU to −3.8 AU) and erythema quantified as average redness (ED −0.23 AU, 95% CI −0.35 AU to −0.11 AU) decreased after KY1005 treatment at doses of 0.45 mg/kg and above. Exposure‐response analysis displayed a statistically significant treatment effect on anti‐KLH antibody titers (IgG maximum effect (Emax) −0.58 AU, 95% CI −1.10 AU to −0.06 AU) and skin response (erythema Emax −0.20 AU, 95% CI −0.29 AU to −0.11 AU). Administration of KY1005 demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and PK analyses displayed a nonlinear profile of KY1005. Despite the observed variability, skin challenge response after KY1005 treatment indicated pharmacological activity of KY1005. Therefore, KY1005 shows potential as a novel pharmacological treatment in immune‐mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hendrika W. Grievink
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Martijn B.A. Doorn
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
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Moore EM, Maestas DR, Cherry CC, Garcia JA, Comeau HY, Davenport Huyer L, Kelly SH, Peña AN, Blosser RL, Rosson GD, Elisseeff JH. Biomaterials direct functional B cell response in a material-specific manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5830. [PMID: 34851674 PMCID: PMC8635437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
B cells are an adaptive immune target of biomaterials development in vaccine research but, despite their role in wound healing, have not been extensively studied in regenerative medicine. To probe the role of B cells in biomaterial scaffold response, we evaluated the B cell response to biomaterial materials implanted in a muscle wound using a biological extracellular matrix (ECM), as a reference for a naturally derived material, and synthetic polyester polycaprolactone (PCL), as a reference for a synthetic material. In the local muscle tissue, small numbers of B cells are present in response to tissue injury and biomaterial implantation. The ECM materials induced mature B cells in lymph nodes and antigen presentation in the spleen. The synthetic PCL implants resulted in prolonged B cell presence in the wound and induced an antigen-presenting phenotype. In summary, the adaptive B cell immune response to biomaterial induces local, regional, and systemic immunological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris C. Cherry
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan A. Garcia
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Y. Comeau
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean H. Kelly
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis N. Peña
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L. Blosser
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gedge D. Rosson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Wang X, Brown NK, Wang B, Shariati K, Wang K, Fuchs S, Melero‐Martin JM, Ma M. Local Immunomodulatory Strategies to Prevent Allo-Rejection in Transplantation of Insulin-Producing Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003708. [PMID: 34258870 PMCID: PMC8425879 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has shown promise as a curative therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the side effects of systemic immunosuppression and limited long-term viability of engrafted islets, together with the scarcity of donor organs, highlight an urgent need for the development of new, improved, and safer cell-replacement strategies. Induction of local immunotolerance to prevent allo-rejection against islets and stem cell derived β cells has the potential to improve graft function and broaden the applicability of cellular therapy while minimizing adverse effects of systemic immunosuppression. In this mini review, recent developments in non-encapsulation, local immunomodulatory approaches for T1D cell replacement therapies, including islet/β cell modification, immunomodulatory biomaterial platforms, and co-transplantation of immunomodulatory cells are discussed. Key advantages and remaining challenges in translating such technologies to clinical settings are identified. Although many of the studies discussed are preliminary, the growing interest in the field has led to the exploration of new combinatorial strategies involving cellular engineering, immunotherapy, and novel biomaterials. Such interdisciplinary research will undoubtedly accelerate the development of therapies that can benefit the whole T1D population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Natalie K. Brown
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Stephanie Fuchs
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Juan M. Melero‐Martin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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16
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Zhang H, Li F, Cao J, Wang X, Cheng H, Qi K, Wang G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fu YX, Yang X. A chimeric antigen receptor with antigen-independent OX40 signaling mediates potent antitumor activity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/578/eaba7308. [PMID: 33504651 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba7308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have shown great success in the treatment of B cell malignancies, this approach has limited efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Various modifications in CAR structure have been explored to improve this efficacy, including the incorporation of two costimulatory domains. Because costimulatory signals are transduced together with T cell receptor signals during T cell activation, we engineered a type of CAR-T cells with a costimulatory signal that was activated independently from the tumor antigen to recapitulate physiological stimulation. We screened 12 costimulatory receptors to identify OX40 as the most effective CAR-T function enhancer. Our data indicated that these new CAR-T cells showed superior proliferation capability compared to current second-generation CAR-T cells. OX40 signaling reduced CAR-T cell apoptosis through up-regulation of genes encoding Bcl-2 family members and enhanced proliferation through increased activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and PI3K-AKT (phosphoinositide 3-kinase to the kinase AKT) pathways. OX40 signaling not only enhanced the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells but also reduced exhaustion markers, thereby maintaining their function in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. In mouse tumor models and in patients with metastatic lymphoma, these CAR-T cells exhibited robust amplification and antitumor activity. Our findings provide an alternative option for CAR-T optimization with the potential to overcome the challenge of treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fanlin Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Longyao Biotechnology Limited, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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17
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Mascarelli DE, Rosa RSM, Toscaro JM, Semionatto IF, Ruas LP, Fogagnolo CT, Lima GC, Bajgelman MC. Boosting Antitumor Response by Costimulatory Strategies Driven to 4-1BB and OX40 T-cell Receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692982. [PMID: 34277638 PMCID: PMC8277962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy explores several strategies to enhance the host immune system’s ability to detect and eliminate cancer cells. The use of antibodies that block immunological checkpoints, such as anti–programed death 1/programed death 1 ligand and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4, is widely recognized to generate a long-lasting antitumor immune response in several types of cancer. Evidence indicates that the elimination of tumors by T cells is the key for tumor control. It is well known that costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways are critical regulators in the activation of T cells. Besides blocking checkpoints inhibitors, the agonistic signaling on costimulatory molecules also plays an important role in T-cell activation and antitumor response. Therefore, molecules driven to costimulatory pathways constitute promising targets in cancer therapy. The costimulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors on lymphocytes surface may transduce signals that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of these immune cells. Among the members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, there are 4-1BB and OX40. Several clinical studies have been carried out targeting these molecules, with agonist monoclonal antibodies, and preclinical studies exploring their ligands and other experimental approaches. In this review, we discuss functional aspects of 4-1BB and OX40 costimulation, as well as the progress of its application in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele E Mascarelli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rhubia S M Rosa
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jessica M Toscaro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Isadora F Semionatto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Ruas
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolinne T Fogagnolo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Lima
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Pro Rectory of Graduation, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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18
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Zhu L, Chen B, Su W. A Review of the Various Roles and Participation Levels of B-Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676046. [PMID: 34054864 PMCID: PMC8160461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis is an inflammatory disorder of the eye that accounts for severe visual loss without evident infectious agents. While T cells are supposed to dominate the induction of inflammation in non-infectious uveitis, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of this disease is obscure. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss diverse B-cell participation in different non-infectious uveitides and their roles in the pathogenesis of this disease as well as the mechanism of action of rituximab. Increasing evidence from experimental models and human non-infectious uveitis has suggested the participation of B cells in non-infectious uveitis. The participation levels vary in different uveitides. Furthermore, B cells play multiple roles in the pathogenic mechanisms. B cells produce autoantibodies, regulate T cell responses via antibody-independent functions, and constitute ectopic lymphoid structures. Regulatory B cells perform pivotal anti-inflammatory functions in non-infectious uveitis. Rituximab may work by depleting pro-inflammatory B cells and restoring the quantity and function of regulatory B cells in this disease. Identifying the levels of B-cell participation and the associated roles is beneficial for optimizing therapy. Diversified experimental model choices and emerging tools and/or methods are conducive for future studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zaini A, Good-Jacobson KL, Zaph C. Context-dependent roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009340. [PMID: 33983946 PMCID: PMC8118336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current approaches to reduce the burden of chronic helminth infections in endemic areas are adequate sanitation and periodic administration of deworming drugs. Yet, resistance against some deworming drugs and reinfection can still rapidly occur even after treatment. A vaccine against helminths would be an effective solution at preventing reinfection. However, vaccines against helminth parasites have yet to be successfully developed. While T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells have been established as important components of the protective type 2 response, the roles of B cells and antibodies remain the most controversial. Here, we review the roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. We discuss the potential factors that contribute to the context-specific roles for B cells in protection against diverse intestinal helminth parasite species, using evidence from well-defined murine model systems. Understanding the precise roles of B cells during resistance and susceptibility to helminth infection may offer a new perspective of type 2 protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidil Zaini
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L. Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Becker PD, Ratnasothy K, Sen M, Peng Q, Romano M, Bazoer J, Suvitra E, Stout A, Hylton SG, Dorling A, Lechler RI, Smyth LA, Lombardi G. B lymphocytes contribute to indirect pathway T cell sensitization via acquisition of extracellular vesicles. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1415-1426. [PMID: 32483894 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B cells have been implicated in transplant rejection via antibody-mediated mechanisms and more recently by presenting donor antigens to T cells. We have shown in patients with chronic antibody-mediated rejection that B cells control the indirect T cell alloresponses. To understand more about the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells for CD4+ T cell with indirect allospecificity, B cells were depleted in C57BL/6 mice, using an anti-CD20 antibody, prior to receiving MHC class I-mismatched (Kd ) skin. The absence of B cells at the time of transplantation prolonged skin graft survival. To study the mechanisms behind this observation, T cells with indirect allospecificity were transferred in mice receiving a Kd skin transplant. T cell proliferation was markedly inhibited in the absence of recipient B cells, suggesting that B cells contribute to indirect pathway sensitization. Furthermore, we have shown that a possible way in which B cells present alloantigens is via acquisition of MHC-peptide complexes. Finally, we demonstrate that the addition of B cell depletion to the transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with indirect alloresponse further prolonged skin graft survival. This study supports an important role for B cells in indirect T cell priming and further emphasizes the advantage of combination therapies in prolonging transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Becker
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kulachelvy Ratnasothy
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Sen
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Qi Peng
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Romano
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jordan Bazoer
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Erik Suvitra
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Anas Stout
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Shannon G Hylton
- School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lesley A Smyth
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Health, Sports and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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21
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Gachpazan M, Akhlaghipour I, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Mojarrad M, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iranian patients: an overview. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 33516274 PMCID: PMC7847600 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinicopathologically heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder affecting different organs and tissues. It has been reported that there is an increasing rate of SLE incidence among Iranian population. Moreover, the Iranian SLE patients have more severe clinical manifestations compared with other countries. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel methods for the early detection of SLE in this population. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE progression. MAIN BODY In present review we have summarized all of the reported genes which have been associated with clinicopathological features of SLE among Iranian patients. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the reported cytokines and chemokines, it was interestingly observed that the apoptosis related genes and non-coding RNAs were the most reported genetic abnormalities associated with SLE progression among Iranians. This review clarifies the genetics and molecular biology of SLE progression among Iranian cases. Moreover, this review paves the way of introducing an efficient panel of genetic markers for the early detection and better management of SLE in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Gachpazan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Jodeleit H, Winkelmann P, Caesar J, Sterz S, Holdt LM, Beigel F, Stallhofer J, Breiteneicher S, Bartnik E, Leeuw T, Siebeck M, Gropp R. Head-to-head study of oxelumab and adalimumab in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis based on NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.046995. [PMID: 33293281 PMCID: PMC7847261 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's aim was to demonstrate that the combination of patient immune profiling and testing in a humanized mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) might lead to patient stratification for treatment with oxelumab. First, immunological profiles of UC patients and non-UC donors were analyzed for CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 (CD134; also known as TNFRSF4) and CD14+ monocytes expressing OX40L (CD252; also known as TNFSF4) by flow cytometric analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups for CD14+ OX40L+ (UC: n=11, 85.44±21.17, mean±s.d.; non-UC: n=5, 30.7±34.92; P=0.02), whereas no significant difference was detected for CD4+ OX40+. CD14+ OX40L+ monocytes were correlated significantly with T helper 1 and 2 cells. Second, NOD/Scid IL2Rγ null mice were reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from UC donors exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L, and the efficacy of oxelumab was compared with that of adalimumab. The clinical, colon and histological scores and the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and glutamic acid were assessed. Treatment with oxelumab or adalimumab resulted in significantly reduced clinical, colon and histological scores, reduced serum concentrations of IL-6 and reduced frequencies of splenic human effector memory T cells and switched B cells. Comparison of the efficacy of adalimumab and oxelumab by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis revealed that oxelumab was slightly superior to adalimumab; however, elevated serum concentrations of glutamic acid suggested ongoing inflammation. These results suggest that oxelumab addresses the pro-inflammatory arm of inflammation while promoting the remodeling arm and that patients exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L might benefit from treatment with oxelumab. Summary: The combination of patient profiling and testing in a NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) validates oxelumab as a potential therapeutic in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrika Jodeleit
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Winkelmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Caesar
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sterz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Stallhofer
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Breiteneicher
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eckart Bartnik
- Immunology and Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Leeuw
- Immunology and Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Siebeck
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
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23
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Yue LY, Xu Y, Tao B, He CS. Association of TNFSF4 Gene Polymorphisms and Plasma TNFSF4 Level with Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Chinese Population. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:316-330. [PMID: 33161796 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1828912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) is an inflammatory factor that has been discussed in different inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, relationship between TNFSF4 and SLE is limited. Material and methods: The present case-control study recruited 400 SLE patients and 600 healthy controls from Southern Chinese Han origin. Plasma levels of TNFSF4 were tested by enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, and association of rs2205960, rs704840, rs844648, rs3850641 and rs17568 polymorphisms in TNFSF4 gene with SLE risk was evaluated by TaqMan assay according to genotyping.Results: Plasma levels of TNFSF4 were significantly higher in SLE patients than that in healthy controls (390.87 (189.10-906.01) versus 132. 70 (81.27-195.58) pg/ml, P < 0.001). Increased levels of TNFSF4 were positively related to SLE disease activity score, optic nerve injury, leukopenia, and hypocompleminemia. Genotype TT+TG, allele T of rs2205960, genotype GG+GT of rs704840, genotype AA of rs844648 and rs17568 were significantly related to SLE risk (all P < 0.05). Moreover, polymorphism rs844648 was related to SLE patients with clinical feature rash either for genotype AA or allele A.Conclusion: TNFSF4 was elevated in SLE patients and may associate with SLE susceptibility in Southern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Yue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen-Song He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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24
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Magliozzi R, Marastoni D, Calabrese M. The BAFF / APRIL system as therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1135-1145. [PMID: 32900236 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex system of BAFF (B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family) and APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand) has been studied in animal models of autoimmune diseases such as those resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence suggests that BAFF and APRIL have a physiological role in B cell immunity regulation, however inappropriate production of these factors may represent a key event which disrupts immune tolerance which is associated with systemic autoimmune diseases. AREAS COVERED We provide an update on the latest studies of the BAFF/APRIL system in multiple sclerosis, as well as on related clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that increased BAFF levels may interfere directly and indirectly with B cell immunity; this can lead to breakdown of immune tolerance, the production of autoantibodies and continuous local intracerebral inflammation and brain tissue destruction. A more comprehensive understanding of the cell/molecular mechanism immune reactions specifically regulated by BAFF/APRIL in MS would better elucidate the specific cell phenotype targeted by actual anti-BAFF/APRIL therapies; this may enable the identification of either specific biomarkers of MS subgroups that would benefit of anti-BAFF/APRIL treatments or new targets of MS-specific anti-BAFF/APRIL therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Marastoni
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona , Verona, Italy
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25
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Moreno-Eutimio MA, Martínez-Alemán CE, Aranda-Uribe IS, Aquino-Jarquin G, Cabello-Gutierrez C, Fragoso JM, Barbosa-Cobos RE, Saavedra MA, Ramírez-Bello J. TNFSF4 is a risk factor to systemic lupus erythematosus in a Latin American population. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:929-939. [PMID: 32809147 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association of three TNFSF4 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility in Mexican patients. METHODS Genotypes of the TNFSF4 rs1234315T/C, rs2205960G/T, and rs704840T/G SNVs were determined using a TaqMan assay. In our study, we included 395 patients with SLE and 500 controls. RESULTS Our information shows a significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequency of the three TNFSF4 SNVs between cases and controls. Thus, our data showed an association between TNFSF4 rs1234315T/C (T vs. C, OR 1.40, p = 0.00087), rs2205960G/T (G vs. T, OR 1.32, p = 0.0037), and rs704840T/G (T vs. G, OR 1.41, p = 0.0003) and SLE susceptibility in Mexican subjects. Besides, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the role of TNFSF4 rs2205960G/T and SLE susceptibility; our results showed that this variant is a risk factor for SLE in Latin Americans and Asians. CONCLUSION Our results show that TNFSF4 rs1234315T/C, rs2205960G/T, and rs704840T/G are risk factors to SLE in Mexicans. This is the first study to document an association between TNFSF4 rs704840T/G and SLE in a Latin American population. In addition, our meta-analysis showed that TNFSF4 rs2205960G/T is a risk factor for Asians and Latin Americans. Key Point • The TNFSF4 rs1234315T/C, rs2205960G/T, and rs704849T/G SNVs are risk factors to SLE in patients from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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27
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Th1 responses in vivo require cell-specific provision of OX40L dictated by environmental cues. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3421. [PMID: 32647184 PMCID: PMC7347572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The OX40-OX40L pathway provides crucial co-stimulatory signals for CD4 T cell responses, however the precise cellular interactions critical for OX40L provision in vivo and when these occur, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that provision of OX40L by dendritic cells (DCs), but not T cells, B cells nor group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), is critical specifically for the effector Th1 response to an acute systemic infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). OX40L expression by DCs is regulated by cross-talk with NK cells, with IFNγ signalling to the DC to enhance OX40L in a mechanism conserved in both mouse and human DCs. Strikingly, DC expression of OX40L is redundant in a chronic intestinal Th1 response and expression by ILC3s is necessary. Collectively these data reveal tissue specific compartmentalisation of the cellular provision of OX40L and define a mechanism controlling DC expression of OX40L in vivo. The OX40-OX40L axis is a crucial component of the costimulatory requirement of CD4 T cell responses. Here, the authors show context and cell type specific expression of OX40L for driving Th1 cell generation during acute and chronic models of infection.
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28
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Abstract
In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure promotes lymphocyte clonal expansion and differentiation, including the formation of memory cells. Antigen-specific memory cells are maintained at higher frequencies than their naive counterparts and have different functional and homing abilities. Importantly, a subset of memory cells, known as tissue-resident memory cells, is maintained without recirculating in nonlymphoid tissues, often at barrier surfaces, where they can be reactivated by antigen and rapidly perform effector functions that help protect the tissue in which they reside. Although antigen-experienced B cells are abundant at many barrier surfaces, their characterization as tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells is not well developed. In this study, we describe the characteristics of memory B cells in various locations and discuss their possible contributions to immunity and homeostasis as bona fide BRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rameeza Allie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010144. [PMID: 32210183 PMCID: PMC7157680 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), remains a serious threat to public health in most countries. Development of a single-dose and efficacious rabies vaccine is the most important method to restrict rabies virus transmission. Costimulatory factor OX40-ligand (OX40L) plays a crucial role in the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses through T-B cell interaction. In this work, a recombinant RABV overexpressing mouse OX40L (LBNSE-OX40L) was constructed, and its effects on immunogenicity were evaluated in a mouse model. LBNSE-OX40L-immunized mice generated a larger number of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) than the parent virus LBNSE-immunized mice. Furthermore, LBNSE-OX40L induced significantly higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) as early as seven days post immunization (dpi), which lasted for eight weeks, resulting in better protection for mice than LBNSE (a live-attenuated rabies vaccine strain). Taken together, our data in this study suggest that OX40L can be a novel and potential adjuvant to improve the induction of protective antibody responses post RABV immunization by triggering T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, and that LBNSE-OX40L can be developed as an efficacious and nonpathogenic vaccine for animals.
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30
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Fu Y, Lin Q, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Therapeutic strategies for the costimulatory molecule OX40 in T-cell-mediated immunity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:414-433. [PMID: 32140389 PMCID: PMC7049610 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell co-stimulatory molecule OX40 and its cognate ligand OX40L have attracted broad research interest as a therapeutic target in T cell-mediated diseases. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the therapeutic efficacy of both agonist and blockade of the OX40-OX40L interaction. Despite this progress, many questions about the immuno-modulator roles of OX40 on T cell function remain unanswered. In this review we summarize the impact of the OX40-OX40L interaction on T cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Treg, Tfh, and CD8+ T cells, to gain a comprehensive understanding of anti-OX40 mAb-based therapies. The potential therapeutic application of the OX40-OX40L interaction in autoimmunity diseases and cancer immunotherapy are further discussed; OX40-OX40L blockade may ameliorate autoantigen-specific T cell responses and reduce immune activity in autoimmunity diseases. We also explore the rationale of targeting OX40-OX40L interactions in cancer immunotherapy. Ligation of OX40 with targeted agonist anti-OX40 mAbs conveys activating signals to T cells. When combined with other therapeutic treatments, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 blockade, cytokines, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, the anti-tumor activity of agonist anti-OX40 treatment will be further enhanced. These data collectively suggest great potential for OX40-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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31
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Odobasic D, Ruth AJ, Oudin V, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. OX40 ligand is inhibitory during the effector phase of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:429-441. [PMID: 29939347 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional relevance of OX40 ligand (OX40L) in the effector phase of crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is unknown. These studies defined the role of endogenous OX40L during the effector stage of murine crescentic GN. METHODS GN was induced by immunization with sheep globulin/adjuvant on Day 0 and injection of sheep anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) on Day 10. Rat IgG or neutralizing anti-OX40L antibody was administered on Days 10-18 and immune responses and renal injury assessed on Day 20. RESULTS Compared with naïve animals, OX40L was upregulated in the lymph nodes (LNs) and on leucocytes and resident non-immune cells in the kidneys of mice with GN. Inhibition of OX40L in GN augmented renal injury, as indicated by increased crescent formation, proteinuria and glomerular leucocyte accumulation. In line with increased injury, anti-OX40L treatment increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of CD4 T cells in the LNs, without affecting LN CD4 cytokine production and CD8 T-cell responses. Blockade of OX40L decreased LN regulatory T-cell (Treg) proliferation, transforming growth factor β production and foxp3 expression. OX40L inhibition did not affect B cell expansion or circulating antibody levels. In the kidney, neutralization of OX40L augmented interferon γ (IFNγ) expression by CD4 and CD8 T cells and shifted macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS OX40L is protective during the effector phase of murine crescentic GN by reducing the expansion of CD4 T cells and enhancing Treg responses in the LNs, and by locally inhibiting T-cell IFNγ production and pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Odobasic
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Ruth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virginie Oudin
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Sahputra R, Ruckerl D, Couper KN, Muller W, Else KJ. The Essential Role Played by B Cells in Supporting Protective Immunity Against Trichuris muris Infection Is by Controlling the Th1/Th2 Balance in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Depends on Host Genetic Background. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2842. [PMID: 31921120 PMCID: PMC6915098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How B cells contribute to protective immunity against parasitic nematodes remains unclear, with their importance as accessory cells underexplored. In this study, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (α-CD20 mAb)-mediated depletion of B cells from C57BL/6 mice revealed an important role for B cells in supporting Th2 immune responses and thus expulsion of Trichuris muris (T. muris). C57BL/6 mice normally mount mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses to T. muris and expel the parasite by the third week post infection. However, B cell-depleted C57BL/6 had significantly reduced Th2-type cytokines post infection and failed to expel the parasite. IFN-γ production in the MLN of C57BL/6 mice receiving α-CD20 mAb treatment was not affected, collectively resulting in an overall change in Th1/Th2 balance in favor of Th1. Further, the expression of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-induced genes at the effector site, the gut, was significantly increased in the absence of B cells. Interestingly, and in complete contrast, BALB/c mice, which mount strongly polarized Th2 immune responses, rather than mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses, were still able to expel T. muris in the absence of B cells. We thus hypothesized that the B cell plays a critical role in enabling strong Th2 responses in the context of mixed Th1/Th2 settings, with the role becoming redundant in highly Th2 polarized environments. In support of this, neutralization of IFN-γ in B cell depleted C57BL/6 restored resistance against T. muris infection. Thus, our data suggest an important role of B cells in supporting Th2-type immune responses in mixed IFN-γ-rich Th1/Th2 settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinal Sahputra
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn J. Else
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Liang ZP, Xu W, Zhao FP, Pan HZ, Feng HJ, Xu SE, Zhao C, Bao YL, Jiang L, Huang Y, Qin G. Effect of Blocking the OX40/OX40L Signaling Pathway by siRNA Interference on Animal Experimental Study of Allergic Rhinitis. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:442-450. [PMID: 31786497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of new approaches and intervention targets for the treatment of AR is urgently needed. We aimed to investigate the effect of blocking the OX40/OX40L signaling pathway by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR in a mouse model. METHODS After establishment of the AR model, the mice were interfered by siRNA-OX40L (experimental group), siRNA-C (negative control group), or PBS (control group). Nose scratching, sneezing and nasal discharge were observed. OX40L mRNA and protein and the IL-5, TNF-α, regulatory T cell (Treg) -specific marker Foxp3, and eosinophil (EOS) levels were analyzed. RESULTS The numbers of nose scratching and sneezing were significantly lower in the siRNA-OX40L-treated group (p <0.05). After the intervention of siRNA-OX40L, OX40L mRNA and protein levels were significantly inhibited (p <0.05), but the Foxp3 level was significantly increased in the experimental group (p <0.05). The IL-5 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the experimental group (p <0.05), and the reduction was more evident for the Th2-type cytokine IL-5 than for the Th1-type cytokine TNF-α. Few or no EOSs were found in the nasal mucosal epithelium of the experimental group (p <0.05), whereas EOS infiltration was significant in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Blockage of the OX40/OX40L signaling pathway with siRNA-OX40L interference can inhibit allergic reactions and relieve allergic symptoms in AR mice. The underlying mechanism may be related to correcting Th2 immune deviation, inducing immune tolerance, and promoting Treg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ping Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei-Peng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Zhu Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-En Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Lin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Deng J, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Wang H, Zhou C, He Y. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand, important immune checkpoints in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7347-7353. [PMID: 31564917 PMCID: PMC6735535 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment. Research shows that most patients might be resistant to these therapies. So, new immune therapies are needed. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand (OX40L), costimulatory molecules, express on different types of immune cells. The interaction between OX40 and OX40L (OX40/OX40L) induces the expansion and proliferation of T cells and decreases the immunosuppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells to enhance the immune response to the specific antigen. For the important role OX40 takes in the process of immunity, many clinical trials are focusing on OX40 to find out whether it may have active effects in clinical cancer treatment. The results of clinical trials are still not enough. So, we reviewed the OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) function in cancer, clinical trials with OX40/OX40L and the correlation between OX40/OX40L and other immune checkpoints to add more ideas to tumor feasible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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35
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Fouladi S, Masjedi M, G. Hakemi M, Ghasemi R, Eskandari N. Correlation of OX40 ligand on B cells with serum total IgE and IL-4 levels by CD4 + T cells in allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:234-240. [PMID: 30454861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a classic Th2-mediated disease, with important contributions to the pathology of interleukins 4, 5, and 13. The co-stimulatory molecule of OX40 and its ligand interaction participate in the immune response by regulation of Th1/Th2 cells balance. Considering the paucity of information on the relation between OX40 ligand (OX40L) and AR, this study aimed to examine its expression on B lymphocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control study consisted of 20 AR patients and 20 healthy subjects. The serum level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured using the electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) technology. The percentage of B-lymphocytes expressing OX40L was assessed by flow cytometry. The amounts of IL-4 in CD4+ T cells culture supernatant was also measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS OX40L expression on B lymphocytes of patients was significantly higher than the control group (44.32±19.21% vs. 2.79±2.48% respectively, p<0.001). In AR patients, OX40L expression correlated positively with the levels of serum total IgE and IL-4 produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes (p<0.01 - p<0.05) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the findings of this work suggest that there is a relationship between the OX40L expression level on B lymphocytes and allergic markers such as IgE and IL-4 in patients with allergic rhinitis.
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León B, Lund FE. Compartmentalization of dendritic cell and T-cell interactions in the lymph node: Anatomy of T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:84-100. [PMID: 30977197 PMCID: PMC6464380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon receiving cognate and co-stimulatory priming signals from antigen (Ag)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector and memory populations. These alternate cell fate decisions, which ultimately control the T-cell functional attributes, are dictated by programming signals provided by Ag-bearing DCs and by other cells that are present in the microenvironment in which T-cell priming occurs. We know that DCs can be subdivided into multiple populations and that the various DC subsets exhibit differential capacities to initiate development of the different CD4+ T-helper populations. What is less well understood is why different subanatomic regions of secondary lymphoid tissues are colonized by distinct populations of Ag-presenting DCs and how the location of these DCs influences the type of T-cell response that will be generated. Here we review how chemokine receptors and their ligands, which position allergen and nematode-activated DCs within different microdomains of secondary lymphoid tissues, contribute to the establishment of IL-4 committed follicular helper T and type 2 helper cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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37
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Suga H, Sato S. IL
‐10–producing regulatory B cells in skin diseases. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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38
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Chen G, Ding Y, Li Q, Li Y, Wen X, Ji X, Bi S, Chen J, Xu J, Chen R, Ye H, Wei L, Yang H. Defective Regulatory B Cells Are Associated with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4067-4077. [PMID: 30888403 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the change of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells (Bregs), which function to suppress peripheral immune responses, in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy controls (N=54), patients with Grave's disease (N=26), and TAO patients (N=125), and stimulated with CpG/CD40L. The frequency of IL-10 producing Bregs and the expression of IL-10 in response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+ T cells were cultured with Breg-depleted PBMCs to elucidate the function of Bregs in TAO patients. The potential immunoregulatory mechanism was also investigated by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Active TAO patients had higher baseline levels of Bregs in their peripheral blood than both healthy controls and inactive patients. TSH promoted Bregs. Bregs from TAO patients were defective in suppressing the activation of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ T cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We found that regulatory B cells in TAO patients are functionally defective, suggesting the defective Bregs might be responsible for the pathogenesis of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yungang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Clinical Research Center of Blinding Eye Diseases, the First Clinical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, the Cooperative Teaching Hospital of North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jingqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Inherent allergic potential of α-dioxygenase fragment: A pathogenesis related protein. Immunobiology 2019; 224:207-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Blecher-Gonen R, Bost P, Hilligan KL, David E, Salame TM, Roussel E, Connor LM, Mayer JU, Bahar Halpern K, Tóth B, Itzkovitz S, Schwikowski B, Ronchese F, Amit I. Single-Cell Analysis of Diverse Pathogen Responses Defines a Molecular Roadmap for Generating Antigen-Specific Immunity. Cell Syst 2019; 8:109-121.e6. [PMID: 30772378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system generates pathogen-tailored responses. The precise innate immune cell types and pathways that direct robust adaptive immune responses have not been fully characterized. By using fluorescent pathogens combined with massively parallel single-cell RNA-seq, we comprehensively characterized the initial 48 h of the innate immune response to diverse pathogens. We found that across all pathogens tested, most of the lymph node cell types and states showed little pathogen specificity. In contrast, the rare antigen-positive cells displayed pathogen-specific transcriptional programs as early as 24 h after immunization. In addition, mycobacteria activated a specific NK-driven IFNγ response. Depletion of NK cells and IFNγ showed that IFNγ initiated a monocyte-specific signaling cascade, leading to the production of major chemokines and cytokines that promote Th1 development. Our systems immunology approach sheds light on early events in innate immune responses and may help further development of safe and efficient vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Bost
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Systems Biology Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology (C3BI) and USR 3756, Institut Pasteur CNRS, Paris 75015, France; Sorbonne Universite, Complexite du vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kerry L Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6201, New Zealand; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington 6201, New Zealand
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elsa Roussel
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6201, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6201, New Zealand
| | - Johannes U Mayer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6201, New Zealand
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Benno Schwikowski
- Systems Biology Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology (C3BI) and USR 3756, Institut Pasteur CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6201, New Zealand.
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Genetic Polymorphism in Cytokines and Costimulatory Molecules in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplantation. Clin Lab Med 2019; 39:107-123. [PMID: 30709500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence supporting the genetic variability outside of HLA system that is contributing to the variation in transplant outcomes. Determining novel predictors could help to identify patients at risk and tailor their immunosuppressive regimens. This article discusses the various single nucleotide polymorphisms in costimulatory molecules and cytokines that have been evaluated for their effect on transplantation. An overview of how gene polymorphism studies are conducted and factors to consider in the experimental design to ensure meaningful data can be concluded are discussed.
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An J, Ding S, Hu X, Sun L, Gu Y, Xu Y, Hu Y, Liu C, Zhang X. Preparation, characterization and application of anti-human OX40 ligand (OX40L) monoclonal antibodies and establishment of a sandwich ELISA for autoimmune diseases detection. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:260-267. [PMID: 30562687 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OX40L (CD252, TNFSF4), a type II transmembrane protein which like other tumor necrosis factor ligands, involved in the costimulation and differentiation of T cells, functions as a positive signal in immune response. To investigate the biological function of soluble OX40L (sOX40L), three functional anti-OX40L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 3D2, 3F7 and 2H3 were obtained by hybridoma technology. Besides, specificity of the mAbs was further demonstrated by ELISA, Western blot and Immunofluorescence experiments. We also developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on two anti-human OX40L antibodies 3D2 and 3F7 with different epitopes. Using the ELISA system, we found that sOX40L in the sera of healthy donors increases in an age-dependent manner and that enhanced sOX40L expression in some autoimmune diseases especially in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, suggesting the potential diagnostic significance of sOX40L in the autoimmune diseases. Together, these data demonstrate that the existence of circulating sOX40L in human sera might play an important role in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan An
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sisi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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43
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Marinelarena A, Bhattacharya P, Kumar P, Maker AV, Prabhakar BS. Identification of a Novel OX40L + Dendritic Cell Subset That Selectively Expands Regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14940. [PMID: 30297856 PMCID: PMC6175872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown GM-CSF derived bone-marrow dendritic cells (G-BMDCs) can induce the selective expansion of Tregs through the surface-bound molecule OX40L; however, the physiological role of this ex vivo derived DC subset remained to be elucidated. We determined GM-CSF administration to mice induced the generation of in vivo derived OX40L+ DCs, phenotypically similar to ex vivo OX40L+G-BMDCs, in the spleen, brachial lymph nodes and liver. The generation of OX40L+ DCs correlated with increased percentages of functionally suppressive Tregs in the spleen, brachial lymph nodes, and liver of GM-CSF treated mice. DCs from GM-CSF treated mice expanded Tregs in CD4+ T-cell co-cultures in an OX40L dependent manner, suggesting OX40L+ DCs may play a role in peripheral Treg homeostasis. Furthermore, comparing the transcriptome data of OX40L+ DCs to that of all immune cell types revealed OX40L+ DCs to be distinct from steady-state immune cells and, microarray analysis of OX40L+G-BMDCs and OX40L−G-BMDCs revealed higher expression of molecules that are associated with tolerogenic phenotype and could play important roles in the function of OX40L+ DCs. These findings suggest that OX40L+ DCs may represent a unique DC subset induced under inflammatory conditions that may play an essential role in maintaining Treg homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Debeuf N, Lambrecht BN. Eicosanoid Control Over Antigen Presenting Cells in Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2006. [PMID: 30233591 PMCID: PMC6131302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. Allergic asthma is recognized as a prototypical Th2 disorder, orchestrated by an aberrant adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th2/Th17) cell immune response against airborne allergens, that leads to eosinophilic inflammation, reversible bronchoconstriction, and mucus overproduction. Other forms of asthma are controlled by an eosinophil-rich innate ILC2 response driven by epithelial damage, whereas in some patients with more neutrophilia, the disease is driven by Th17 cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are crucial regulators of type 2 immunity in asthma. Numerous lipid mediators including the eicosanoids prostaglandins and leukotrienes influence key functions of these cells, leading to either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss how eicosanoids affect the functions of DCs and macrophages in the asthmatic lung and how this leads to aberrant T cell differentiation that causes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Scherer S, Göbel TW. Characterisation of chicken OX40 and OX40L. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:128-138. [PMID: 29407480 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Tumour Necrosis Factor superfamilies of receptors and ligands play a crucial role in the regulation of effective immune responses against pathogens and malignant cells. In chickens, only few members have been identified. Here, we characterise the chicken homologues for mammalian costimulatory molecules OX40 and OX40L, which are involved in sustaining T cell responses. Both genes were identified by virtue of their genomic localisation close to highly conserved genes and their structural relationship to their mammalian homologues. Following cloning and expression of soluble and cell-associated chicken OX40 and OX40L, we confirmed their mutual interaction via ELISA and flow cytometric analyses. In addition, we showed the application of soluble OX40-Fc in staining of chicken cells. Whereas non-activated cells did not express OX40L, activation by IL-2 and IL-12 resulted in upregulation of OX40L on αβ and γδ T cell populations. Our results demonstrate the existence of the costimulatory OX40-OX40L system in the chicken and provide the basis for further investigations of chicken T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Scherer
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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46
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Guy TV, Terry AM, Bolton HA, Hancock DG, Zhu E, Brink R, McGuire HM, Shklovskaya E, Fazekas de St. Groth B. Collaboration between tumor-specific CD4+ T cells and B cells in anti-cancer immunity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30211-29. [PMID: 27121060 PMCID: PMC5058675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of B cells and antibodies in anti-tumor immunity is controversial, with both positive and negative effects reported in animal models and clinical studies. We developed a murine B16.F10 melanoma model to study the effects of collaboration between tumor-specific CD4+ T cells and B cells on tumor control. By incorporating T cell receptor transgenic T cells and B cell receptor isotype switching B cells, we were able to track the responses of tumor-reactive T and B cells and the development of anti-tumor antibodies in vivo. In the presence of tumor-specific B cells, the number of tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells was reduced in lymphoid tissues and the tumor itself, and this correlated with poor tumor control. B cells had little effect on the Th1 bias of the CD4+ T cell response, and the number of induced FoxP3+ regulatory cells (iTregs) generated from within the original naive CD4+ T cell inoculum was unrelated to the degree of B cell expansion. In response to CD4+ T cell help, B cells produced a range of isotype-switched anti-tumor antibodies, principally IgG1, IgG2a/c and IgG2b. In the absence of CD4+ T cells, B cells responded to agonistic anti-CD40 administration by switching to production of IgG2a/c and, to a lesser extent, IgG1, IgG3, IgA and IgE, which reduced the number of lung metastases after i.v. tumor inoculation but had no effect on the growth of subcutaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Guy
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Terry
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly A Bolton
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Hancock
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erhua Zhu
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- B Cell Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St. Groth
- T Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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47
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Henry EK, Inclan-Rico JM, Siracusa MC. Type 2 cytokine responses: regulating immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:346-359. [PMID: 29399438 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review It is well established that T helper type 2 (TH2) immune responses are necessary to provide protection against helminth parasites but also to promote the detrimental inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Given the importance of type 2 immunity and inflammation, many studies have focused on better understanding the factors that regulate TH2 cell development and activation. As a result, significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling pathways and molecular events necessary to promote TH2 cell polarization. In addition to the adaptive compartment, emerging studies are better defining the innate immune pathways needed to promote TH2 cell responses. Given the recent and substantial growth of this field, the purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies defining the innate immune events that promote immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation. Recent Findings Emerging studies have begun to elucidate the importance of cytokine alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 (IL-17E) and IL-33 in promoting type 2 immunity and inflammation following helminth challenge or exposure to allergens. Specifically, recent reports have begun to define the complex cellular networks these alarmins activate and their contribution to type 2 immunity and inflammation. Summary Our increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett K Henry
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan M Inclan-Rico
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Cortini A, Ellinghaus U, Malik TH, Cunninghame Graham DS, Botto M, Vyse TJ. B cell OX40L supports T follicular helper cell development and contributes to SLE pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:2095-2103. [PMID: 28818832 PMCID: PMC5705841 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives TNFSF4 (encodes OX40L) is a susceptibility locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Risk alleles increase TNFSF4 expression in cell lines, but the mechanism linking this effect to disease is unclear, and the OX40L-expressing cell types mediating the risk are not clearly established. Blockade of OX40L has been demonstrated to reduce disease severity in several models of autoimmunity, but not in SLE. We sought to investigate its potential therapeutic role in lupus. Methods We used a conditional knockout mouse system to investigate the function of OX40L on B and T lymphocytes in systemic autoimmunity. Results Physiologically, OX40L on both B and T cells contributed to the humoral immune response, but B cell OX40L supported the secondary humoral response and antibody affinity maturation. Our data also indicated that loss of B cell OX40L impeded the generation of splenic T follicular helper cells. We further show that in two models of SLE—a spontaneous congenic model and the H2-IAbm12 graft-versus-host-induced model—loss of B cell OX40L ameliorates the autoimmune phenotype. This improvement was, in each case, accompanied by a decline in T follicular helper cell numbers. Importantly, the germline knockout did not exhibit a markedly different phenotype from the B cell knockout in these models. Conclusions These findings contribute to a model in which genetically determined increased OX40L expression promotes human SLE by several mechanisms, contingent on its cellular expression. The improvement in pathology in two models of systemic autoimmunity indicates that OX40L is an excellent therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortini
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ursula Ellinghaus
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Talat H Malik
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah S Cunninghame Graham
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy James Vyse
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
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49
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Gene Expression Profile of Human Cytokines in Response to Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00121-17. [PMID: 28435890 PMCID: PMC5397567 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00121-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an underreported infectious disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis is crucial for developing newer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this life-threatening infection. In this study, we aimed to analyze the gene expression levels of important cytokines in melioidosis patients and establish useful correlates with disease biomarkers compared to cases of sepsis infection caused by other pathogens and healthy individuals. A Qiagen common human cytokines array profiling the gene expression of 84 important cytokines by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used. We analyzed 26 melioidosis cases, 5 healthy controls, and 10 cases of sepsis infection caused by other pathogens. Our results showed consistently upregulated expression of interleukins (IL) interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 alpha (IL-17A), IL-23A, and IL-24, interferons (IFN) interferon alpha 1 (IFNA1) and interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily 4 (TNFSF4), transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily, bone morphogenetic proteins 3 and 6 (BMP3 and BMP6), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), and other growth factors, including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), C-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), and platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA) polypeptide, in melioidosis patients compared to their expression in other sepsis cases, irrespective of comorbidities, duration of fever/clinical symptoms, and antibiotic treatment. Our findings indicate a dominant Th2- and Th17-type-cytokine response, suggesting that their dysregulation at initial stages of infection may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. IL-1A, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B), and IL-8 were significantly downregulated in septicemic melioidosis patients compared to their expression in other sepsis cases. These differentially expressed genes may serve as biomarkers for melioidosis diagnosis and targets for therapeutic intervention and may help us understand immune response mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a soil-associated Gram-negative bacterium, B. pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia; however, the global distribution of B. pseudomallei and the disease burden of melioidosisis are still poorly understood. Melioidosis is difficult to treat, as B. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and requires a long course of antibiotic treatment. The mortality rates remain high in areas of endemicity, with reoccurrence being common. Therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the disease at an early stage and provide vital clinical care to reduce the mortality rate. With limitations in treatment and lack of a vaccine, it is crucial to study the immune response mechanisms to this infection to get a better understanding of disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the gene expression levels of important cytokines to establish useful correlations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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50
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Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor receptor OX40 (CD134) is activated by its cognate ligand OX40L (CD134L, CD252) and functions as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. OX40-OX40L interactions have been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for treating autoimmunity. OX40 is expressed on activated T cells, and in the mouse at rest on regulatory T cells (Treg). OX40L is found on antigen-presenting cells, activated T cells and others including lymphoid tissue inducer cells, some endothelia and mast cells. Expression of both molecules is increased after antigen presentation occurs and also in response to multiple other pro-inflammatory factors including CD28 ligation, CD40L ligation and interferon-gamma signaling. Their interactions promote T cell survival, promote an effector T cell phenotype, promote T cell memory, tend to reduce regulatory function, increase effector cytokine production and enhance cell mobility. In some circumstances, OX40 agonism may be associated with increased tolerance, although timing with respect to antigenic stimulus is important. Further, recent work has suggested that OX40L blockade may be more effective than OX40 blockade in reducing autoimmunity. This article reviews the expression of OX40 and OX40L in health, the effects of their interactions and insights from their under- or over-expression. We then review OX40 and OX40L expression in human autoimmune disease, identified associations of variations in their genes (TNFRSF4 and TNFSF4, respectively) with autoimmunity, and data from animal models of human diseases. A rationale for blocking OX40-OX40L interaction in human autoimmunity is then presented along with commentary on the one trial of OX40L blockade in human disease conducted to date. Finally, we discuss potential problems with clinical use of OX40-OX40L directed pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym J Webb
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J L Lane
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
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