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Park CS, Guan J, Rhee P, Gonzalez F, Lee HS, Park JH, Coscoy L, Robey EA, Shastri N, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Fam49b dampens TCR signal strength to regulate survival of positively selected thymocytes and peripheral T cells. eLife 2024; 13:e76940. [PMID: 39158947 PMCID: PMC11333044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The fate of developing T cells is determined by the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signal they receive in the thymus. This process is finely regulated through the tuning of positive and negative regulators in thymocytes. The Family with sequence similarity 49 member B (Fam49b) protein is a newly discovered negative regulator of TCR signaling that has been shown to suppress Rac-1 activity in vitro in cultured T cell lines. However, the contribution of Fam49b to the thymic development of T cells is unknown. To investigate this important issue, we generated a novel mouse line deficient in Fam49b (Fam49b-KO). We observed that Fam49b-KO double positive (DP) thymocytes underwent excessive negative selection, whereas the positive selection stage was unaffected. Fam49b deficiency impaired the survival of single positive thymocytes and peripheral T cells. This altered development process resulted in significant reductions in CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes as well as peripheral T cells. Interestingly, a large proportion of the TCRγδ+ and CD8αα+TCRαβ+ gut intraepithelial T lymphocytes were absent in Fam49b-KO mice. Our results demonstrate that Fam49b dampens thymocytes TCR signaling in order to escape negative selection during development, uncovering the function of Fam49b as a critical regulator of the selection process to ensure normal thymocyte development and peripheral T cells survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter Rhee
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Federico Gonzalez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California,BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Hee-sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji-hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Corradi G, Forte D, Cristiano G, Polimeno A, Ciciarello M, Salvestrini V, Bandini L, Robustelli V, Ottaviani E, Cavo M, Ocadlikova D, Curti A. Ex vivo characterization of acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing hypomethylating agents and venetoclax regimen reveals a venetoclax-specific effect on non-suppressive regulatory T cells and bona fide PD-1 +TIM3 + exhausted CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386517. [PMID: 38812504 PMCID: PMC11133521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive heterogeneous disease characterized by several alterations of the immune system prompting disease progression and treatment response. The therapies available for AML can affect lymphocyte function, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy while hindering leukemia-specific immune reactions. Recently, the treatment based on Venetoclax (VEN), a specific B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose cytarabine, has emerged as a promising clinical strategy in AML. To better understand the immunological effect of VEN treatment, we characterized the phenotype and immune checkpoint (IC) receptors' expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from AML patients after the first and second cycle of HMA in combination with VEN. HMA and VEN treatment significantly increased the percentage of naïve CD8+ T cells and TIM-3+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and reduced cytokine-secreting non-suppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs). Of note, a comparison between AML patients treated with HMA only and HMA in combination with VEN revealed the specific contribution of VEN in modulating the immune cell repertoire. Indeed, the reduction of cytokine-secreting non-suppressive Tregs, the increased TIM-3 expression on CD8+ T cells, and the reduced co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are all VEN-specific. Collectively, our study shed light on immune modulation induced by VEN treatment, providing the rationale for a novel therapeutic combination of VEN and IC inhibitors in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Oncology Hematology, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Dorian Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cristiano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Polimeno
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bandini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Darina Ocadlikova
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Pinzone MR, Shan L. Pharmacological approaches to promote cell death of latent HIV reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:56-61. [PMID: 38169429 PMCID: PMC10872923 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV requires lifelong antiviral treatment due to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells. Multiple strategies have been pursued to promote the death of infected cells. RECENT FINDINGS Several groups have focused on multipronged approaches to induce apoptosis of infected cells. One approach is to combine latency reversal agents with proapoptotic compounds and cytotoxic T cells to first reactivate and then clear infected cells. Other strategies include using natural killer cells or chimeric antigen receptor cells to decrease the size of the reservoir.A novel strategy is to promote cell death by pyroptosis. This mechanism relies on the activation of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) inflammasome by the HIV protease and can be potentiated by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. SUMMARY The achievement of a clinically significant reduction in the size of the reservoir will likely require a combination strategy since none of the approaches pursued so far has been successful on its own in clinical trials. This discrepancy between promising in vitro findings and modest in vivo results highlights the hurdles of identifying a universally effective strategy given the wide heterogeneity of the HIV reservoirs in terms of tissue location, capability to undergo latency reversal and susceptibility to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Rita Pinzone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zhou J, Liu J, Wang B, Li N, Liu J, Han Y, Cao X. Eosinophils promote CD8 + T cell memory generation to potentiate anti-bacterial immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38413575 PMCID: PMC10899176 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cell generation is crucial for pathogen elimination and effective vaccination against infection. The cellular and molecular circuitry that underlies the generation of memory CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Eosinophils can modulate inflammatory allergic responses and interact with lymphocytes to regulate their functions in immune defense. Here we report that eosinophils are required for the generation of memory CD8+ T cells by inhibiting CD8+ T cell apoptosis. Eosinophil-deficient mice display significantly impaired memory CD8+ T cell response and weakened resistance against Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.) infection. Mechanistically, eosinophils secrete interleukin-4 (IL-4) to inhibit JNK/Caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of CD8+ T cells upon L.m. infection in vitro. Furthermore, active eosinophils are recruited into the spleen and secrete more IL-4 to suppress CD8+ T cell apoptosis during early stage of L.m. infection in vivo. Adoptive transfer of wild-type (WT) eosinophils but not IL-4-deficient eosinophils into eosinophil-deficient mice could rescue the impaired CD8+ T cell memory responses. Together, our findings suggest that eosinophil-derived IL-4 promotes the generation of CD8+ T cell memory and enhances immune defense against L.m. infection. Our study reveals a new adjuvant role of eosinophils in memory T cell generation and provides clues for enhancing the vaccine potency via targeting eosinophils and related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanmei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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5
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Luo F, Li H, Ma W, Cao J, Chen Q, Lu F, Qiu M, Zhou P, Xia Z, Zeng K, Zhan J, Zhou T, Luo Q, Pan W, Zhang L, Lin C, Huang Y, Zhang L, Yang D, Zhao H. The BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 resets tumor-associated macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, promoting a favorable response to anti-PD-1 therapy via NLRP3 activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:60-79. [PMID: 38062129 PMCID: PMC10757718 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The main challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ascribed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the lack of sufficient infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from "cold" to "hot" and thus more likely to potentiate the effects of ICIs is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We found that the selective BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in syngeneic and humanized CD34+ mouse models. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that APG-2575 polarized M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages toward the M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype with increased CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion, restoring T-cell function and promoting a favorable immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that APG-2575 directly binds to NF-κB p65 to activate NLRP3 signaling, thereby mediating macrophage repolarization and the activation of proinflammatory caspases and subsequently increasing CCL5 and CXCL10 chemokine production. As a result, APG-2575-induced macrophage repolarization could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, thus improving tumor immunosuppression and further enhancing antitumor T-cell immunity. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed that patients with better immunotherapeutic efficacy had higher CD86, p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 levels, accompanied by lower CD206 expression on macrophages. Collectively, these data provide evidence that further study on APG-2575 in combination with immunotherapy for tumor treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiteng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaozhen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengfei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangmei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Pan
- Ascentage Pharma (Suzhou) Co Ltd, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaozhuo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Wheeler BD, Gagnon JD, Zhu WS, Muñoz-Sandoval P, Wong SK, Simeonov DS, Li Z, DeBarge R, Spitzer MH, Marson A, Ansel KM. The lncRNA Malat1 inhibits miR-15/16 to enhance cytotoxic T cell activation and memory cell formation. eLife 2023; 12:RP87900. [PMID: 38127070 PMCID: PMC10735224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancers. Through biochemical analysis of RNA:protein interactions, we uncovered a non-coding RNA circuit regulating activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells composed of the long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) and the microRNA family miR-15/16. miR-15/16 is a widely and highly expressed tumor suppressor miRNA family important for cell proliferation and survival. miR-15/16 play important roles in T cell responses to viral infection, including the regulation of antigen-specific T cell expansion and memory. Comparative Argonaute-2 high-throughput sequencing of crosslinking immunoprecipitation (AHC) combined with gene expression profiling in normal and miR-15/16-deficient mouse T cells revealed a large network of hundreds of direct miR-15/16 target mRNAs, many with functional relevance for T cell activation, survival and memory formation. Among these targets, Malat1 contained the largest absolute magnitude miR-15/16-dependent AHC peak. This binding site was among the strongest lncRNA:miRNA interactions detected in the T cell transcriptome. We used CRISPR targeting with homology directed repair to generate mice with a 5-nucleotide mutation in the miR-15/16-binding site in Malat1. This mutation interrupted Malat1:miR-15/16 interaction, and enhanced the repression of other miR-15/16 target genes, including CD28. Interrupting Malat1 interaction with miR-15/16 decreased cytotoxic T cell activation, including the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a broader CD28-responsive gene program. Accordingly, Malat1 mutation diminished memory cell persistence in mice following LCMV Armstrong and Listeria monocytogenes infection. This study marks a significant advance in the study of long non-coding RNAs in the immune system by ascribing cell-intrinsic, sequence-specific in vivo function to Malat1. These findings have implications for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, antiviral and anti-tumor immunity, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and other malignancies where Malat1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Simon K Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dimitre S Simeonov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rachel DeBarge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San FranciscoLexingtonUnited States
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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7
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Grassmann S, Santosa EK, Mujal AM, Kim H, Fan SX, Owyong M, Lau CM, Sun JC. Early antigen receptor signaling in natural killer cells alters STAT4-dependent fate decisions via epigenetic remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.565992. [PMID: 37986752 PMCID: PMC10659287 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.565992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that possess features of adaptive immunity, including antigen specificity and clonal expansion. NK cells rapidly respond to cytokines released during the innate phase of viral infection and are thought to migrate from circulation into infected organs to execute their early effector functions. However, recent evidence suggests that tissue-resident NK cells are among the first responders to viral infection. In this study, we observe that antigen receptor signaling precedes substantial proinflammatory cytokine signaling in a population of NK cells during mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Early antigen receptor signals epigenetically prime NK cells for optimal expansion during the later adaptive phase of the antiviral response. Mechanistically, receptor signaling increases chromatin accessibility at STAT4-binding genomic sites within differentiating NK cells. To promote adaptive programming of NK cells during infection, activating receptor-dependent epigenetic remodeling antagonizes IL-12 driven terminal maturation, poises NK cells for proliferation via sustained CDK6 expression, and antagonizes early apoptosis of short-lived effector cells via suppression of Bim. Thus, antigen receptor signaling alters an IL-12 dependent fate decision during the innate-to-adaptive transition of antiviral NK cells.
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8
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Van Den Eeckhout B, Ballegeer M, De Clercq J, Burg E, Saelens X, Vandekerckhove L, Gerlo S. Rethinking IL-1 Antagonism in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Role for IL-1 Signaling in the Development of Antiviral T Cell Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15770. [PMID: 37958758 PMCID: PMC10650641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-1R integrates signals from IL-1α and IL-1β, and it is widely expressed across tissues and immune cell types. While the expression pattern and function of IL-1R within the innate immune system is well studied, its role in adaptive immunity, particularly within the CD8 T cell compartment, remains underexplored. Here, we show that CD8 T cells dynamically upregulate IL-1R1 levels during priming by APCs, which correlates with their proliferation status and the acquisition of an effector phenotype. Notably, this IL-1 sensitivity persists in memory CD8 T cells of both mice and humans, influencing effector cytokine production upon TCR reactivation. Furthermore, our study highlights that antiviral effector and tissue-resident CD8 T cell responses against influenza A virus infection become impaired in the absence of IL-1 signaling. Altogether, these data support the exploitation of IL-1 activity in the context of T cell vaccination strategies and warrant consideration of the impact of clinical IL-1 inhibition on the rollout of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- HIV Cure and Research Center (HCRC), 9000 Ghent, Belgium (J.D.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien De Clercq
- HIV Cure and Research Center (HCRC), 9000 Ghent, Belgium (J.D.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elianne Burg
- HIV Cure and Research Center (HCRC), 9000 Ghent, Belgium (J.D.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure and Research Center (HCRC), 9000 Ghent, Belgium (J.D.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- HIV Cure and Research Center (HCRC), 9000 Ghent, Belgium (J.D.C.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Ghent, Belgium
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Mahajan S, Alexander A, Koenig Z, Saba N, Prasanphanich N, Hildeman DA, Chougnet CA, DeFranco E, Andorf S, Tilburgs T. Antigen-specific decidual CD8+ T cells include distinct effector memory and tissue-resident memory cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171806. [PMID: 37681414 PMCID: PMC10544202 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal decidual CD8+ T cells must integrate the antithetical demands of providing immunity to infection while maintaining immune tolerance for fetal and placental antigens. Human decidual CD8+ T cells were shown to be highly differentiated memory T cells with mixed signatures of dysfunction, activation, and effector function. However, no information is present on how specificity for microbial or fetal antigens relates to their function or dysfunction. In addition, a key question, whether decidual CD8+ T cells include unique tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) or also effector memory T cell (Tem) types shared with peripheral blood populations, is unknown. Here, high-dimensional flow cytometry of decidual and blood CD8+ T cells identified 2 Tem populations shared in blood and decidua and 9 functionally distinct Trm clusters uniquely found in decidua. Interestingly, fetus- and virus-specific decidual CD8+ Trm cells had similar features of inhibition and cytotoxicity, with no significant differences in their expression of activation, inhibitory, and cytotoxic molecules, suggesting that not all fetus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are suppressed at the maternal-fetal interface. Understanding how decidual CD8+ T cell specificity relates to their function and tissue residency is crucial in advancing understanding of their contribution to placental inflammation and control of congenital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahajan
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Immunobiology
| | - Aria Alexander
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Immunobiology
| | - Zachary Koenig
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Immunobiology
| | | | - Nina Prasanphanich
- Division of Immunobiology
- Division of Infectious disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Emily DeFranco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, and
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, and
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Division of Immunobiology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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10
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Wheeler BD, Gagnon JD, Zhu WS, Muñoz-Sandoval P, Wong SK, Simeonov DR, Li Z, Debarge R, Spitzer MH, Marson A, Ansel KM. The lncRNA Malat1 Inhibits miR-15/16 to Enhance Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Memory Cell Formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.14.536843. [PMID: 37547023 PMCID: PMC10401941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.536843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, many intracellular bacteria and cancers. Through biochemical analysis of RNA:protein interactions, we uncovered a non-coding RNA circuit regulating activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells composed of the long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) and the microRNA family miR-15/16. miR-15/16 is a widely and highly expressed tumor suppressor miRNA family important for cell proliferation and survival. miR-15/16 also play important roles in T cell responses to viral infection, including the regulation of antigen-specific T cell expansion and T cell memory. Comparative Argonaute-2 high throughput sequencing of crosslinking immunoprecipitation (Ago2 HITS-CLIP, or AHC) combined with gene expression profiling in normal and miR-15/16-deficient T cells revealed a large network of several hundred direct miR-15/16 target mRNAs, many with functional relevance for T cell activation, survival and memory formation. Among these targets, the long non-coding RNA Malat1 contained the largest absolute magnitude miR-15/16-dependent AHC peak in T cells. This binding site was also among the strongest lncRNA:miRNA interactions detected in the T cell transcriptome. We used CRISPR targeting with homology directed repair to generate mice with a 5-nucleotide mutation in the miR-15/16 binding site in Malat1. This mutation interrupted Malat1:miR-15/16 interaction, and enhanced the repression of other miR-15/16 target genes, including CD28. Interrupting Malat1 interaction with miR-15/16 decreased cytotoxic T cell activation, including the expression of IL-2 and a broader CD28-responsive gene program. Accordingly, Malat1 mutation diminished memory cell persistence following LCMV Armstrong and Listeria monocytogenes infection. This study marks a significant advance in the study of long noncoding RNAs in the immune system by ascribing cell-intrinsic, sequence-specific in vivo function to Malat1. These findings have implications for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, antiviral and anti-tumor immunity, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and other malignancies where Malat1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon K Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dimitre R Simeonov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rachel Debarge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Micevic G, Daniels A, Flem-Karlsen K, Park K, Talty R, McGeary M, Mirza H, Blackburn HN, Sefik E, Cheung JF, Hornick NI, Aizenbud L, Joshi NS, Kluger H, Iwasaki A, Bosenberg MW, Flavell RA. IL-7R licenses a population of epigenetically poised memory CD8 + T cells with superior antitumor efficacy that are critical for melanoma memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304319120. [PMID: 37459511 PMCID: PMC10372654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304319120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of advanced melanoma after therapy is a major risk factor for reduced survival, and treatment options are limited. Antitumor immune memory plays a critical role in preventing melanoma recurrence and memory T cells could be a potent cell-based therapy, but the identity, and functional properties of the required immune cells are incompletely understood. Here, we show that an IL-7Rhi tumor-specific CD8+ population is critical for antitumor memory and can be epigenetically augmented to drive powerful antitumor immune responses. Using a model of functional antimelanoma memory, we found that high IL-7R expression selectively marks a CD8+ population in lymphoid organs that plays critical roles in maintaining tumor remission after immunotherapy or surgical resection. This population has intrinsic cytotoxic activity, lacks markers of exhaustion and has superior antitumor efficacy. IL-7Rhi cells have a functionally poised epigenetic landscape regulated by DNA methylation, which can be augmented by hypomethylating agents to confer improved survival and complete melanoma clearance in naive mice. Importantly, greater than 95% of tumor-specific T cells in draining lymph nodes after therapy express high levels of IL-7R. This overlap between IL-7Rhi and antigen-specific T cells allows for enrichment of a potent functional CD8+ population without determining antigen-specificity, which we demonstrate in a melanoma model without a known antigen. We identify that IL-7R expression in human melanoma is an independent prognostic factor of improved survival. These findings advance our basic understanding of antitumor memory and suggest a cell-based therapy using high IL-7R expression to enrich for a lymph node population with superior antitumor activity that can be augmented by hypomethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Koonam Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Meaghan McGeary
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Holly N. Blackburn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Julie F. Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Noah I. Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Lilach Aizenbud
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Nikhil S. Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Center for Immuno-Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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12
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Joannou K, Baldwin TA. Destined for the intestine: thymic selection of TCRαβ CD8αα intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:67-75. [PMID: 37137518 PMCID: PMC10324546 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is composed of a variety of different T-cell lineages distributed through both secondary lymphoid tissue and non-lymphoid tissue. The intestinal epithelium is a critical barrier surface that contains numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes that aid in maintaining homeostasis at that barrier. This review focuses on T-cell receptor αβ (TCRαβ) CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes, and how recent advances in the field clarify how this unique T-cell subset is selected, matures, and functions in the intestines. We consider how the available evidence reveals a story of ontogeny starting from agonist selection of T cells in the thymus and finishing through the specific signaling environment of the intestinal epithelium. We conclude with how this story raises further key questions about the development of different ontogenic waves of TCRαβ CD8αα IEL and their importance for intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Joannou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Gao Y, Duan R, Li H, Jiang L, Tao T, Liu X, Zhu L, Li Z, Chen B, Zheng S, Lin X, Su W. Single-cell analysis of immune cells on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis. iScience 2023; 26:106729. [PMID: 37216113 PMCID: PMC10192653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have shown astonishing efficacy in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a lymph node single-cell transcriptomic atlas of GMSC-treated experimental autoimmune uveitis mice. GMSC exerted profound rescue effects on T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. GMSCs rescued the proportion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and increased the proportion of regulatory T cells. In addition to globally altered transcriptional factors (Fosb and Jund), we observed cell type-dependent gene regulation (e.g., Il17a and Rac1 in Th17 cells), highlighting the GMSCs' cell type-dependent immunomodulatory capacity. GMSCs strongly influenced the phenotypes of Th17 cells, suppressing the formation of the highly inflammatory CCR6-CCR2+ phenotype and enhancing the production of interleukin (IL) -10 in the CCR6+CCR2+ phenotype. Integration of the glucocorticoid-treated transcriptome suggests a more specific immunosuppressive effect of GMSCs on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Runping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Loujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
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14
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Shanmuganad S, Ferguson A, Paranjpe A, Cianciolo EE, Katz JD, Herold MJ, Hildeman DA. Subset-specific and temporal control of effector and memory CD4+ T cell survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530323. [PMID: 36909576 PMCID: PMC10002744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Following their proliferative expansion and differentiation into effector cells like Th1, Tfh, and T central memory precursors (Tcmp), most effector CD4+ T cells die, while some survive and become memory cells. Here, we explored how Bcl-2 family members controlled the survival of CD4+ T cells during distinct phases of mouse acute LCMV infection. During expansion, we found that Th1 cells dominated the response, downregulated expression of Bcl-2, and did not require Bcl-2 for survival. Instead, they relied on the anti-apoptotic protein, A1 for survival. Similarly, Th17 cells in an EAE model also depended on A1 for survival. However, after the peak of the response, CD4+ effector T cells required Bcl-2 to counteract Bim to aid their transition into memory. This Bcl-2 dependence persisted in established memory CD4+ T cells. Combined, these data show a temporal switch in Bcl-2 family-mediated survival of CD4+ T cells over the course of an immune response. This knowledge can help improve T cell survival to boost immunity and conversely, target pathogenic T cells.
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15
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Van der Zwet JCG, Cordo' V, Buijs-Gladdines JGCAM, Hagelaar R, Smits WK, Vroegindeweij E, Graus LTM, Poort V, Nulle M, Pieters R, Meijerink JPP. STAT5 does not drive steroid resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite the activation of BCL2 and BCLXL following glucocorticoid treatment. Haematologica 2023; 108:732-746. [PMID: 35734930 PMCID: PMC9973477 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathogenic interleukin-7-receptor (IL7R)-induced signaling provokes glucocorticoid resistance in a subset of patients with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Activation of downstream STAT5 has been suggested to cause steroid resistance through upregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2, one of its downstream target genes. Here we demonstrate that isolated STAT5 signaling in various T-ALL cell models is insufficient to raise cellular steroid resistance despite upregulation of BCL2 and BCL-XL. Upregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2 and BCLXL in STAT5-activated T-ALL cells requires steroid-induced activation of NR3C1. For the BCLXL locus, this is facilitated by a concerted action of NR3C1 and activated STAT5 molecules at two STAT5 regulatory sites, whereas for the BCL2 locus this is facilitated by binding of NR3C1 at a STAT5 binding motif. In contrast, STAT5 occupancy at glucocorticoid response elements does not affect the expression of NR3C1 target genes. Strong upregulation of BIM, a NR3C1 pro-apoptotic target gene, upon prednisolone treatment can counterbalance NR3C1/STAT5-induced BCL2 and BCL-XL expression downstream of IL7- induced or pathogenic IL7R signaling. This explains why isolated STAT5 activation does not directly impair the steroid response. Our study suggests that STAT5 activation only contributes to steroid resistance in combination with cellular defects or alternative signaling routes that disable the pro-apoptotic and steroid-induced BIM response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rico Hagelaar
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht
| | | | | | | | - Vera Poort
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht
| | - Marloes Nulle
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht
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16
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Gammon JM, Carey ST, Saxena V, Eppler HB, Tsai SJ, Paluskievicz C, Xiong Y, Li L, Ackun-Farmmer M, Tostanoski LH, Gosselin EA, Yanes AA, Zeng X, Oakes RS, Bromberg JS, Jewell CM. Engineering the lymph node environment promotes antigen-specific efficacy in type 1 diabetes and islet transplantation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:681. [PMID: 36755035 PMCID: PMC9908900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific tolerance is a key goal of experimental immunotherapies for autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. This outcome could selectively inhibit detrimental inflammatory immune responses without compromising functional protective immunity. A major challenge facing antigen-specific immunotherapies is ineffective control over immune signal targeting and integration, limiting efficacy and causing systemic non-specific suppression. Here we use intra-lymph node injection of diffusion-limited degradable microparticles that encapsulate self-antigens with the immunomodulatory small molecule, rapamycin. We show this strategy potently inhibits disease during pre-clinical type 1 diabetes and allogenic islet transplantation. Antigen and rapamycin are required for maximal efficacy, and tolerance is accompanied by expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in treated and untreated lymph nodes. The antigen-specific tolerance in type 1 diabetes is systemic but avoids non-specific immune suppression. Further, microparticle treatment results in the development of tolerogenic structural microdomains in lymph nodes. Finally, these local structural and functional changes in lymph nodes promote memory markers among antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and tolerance that is durable. This work supports intra-lymph node injection of tolerogenic microparticles as a powerful platform to promote antigen-dependent efficacy in type 1 diabetes and allogenic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gammon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sean T Carey
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Haleigh B Eppler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shannon J Tsai
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marian Ackun-Farmmer
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Emily A Gosselin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alexis A Yanes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiangbin Zeng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Robert S Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West 30 Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, 22 S. Greene Street, S8B06, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West 30 Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, 32 MD 21201, USA.
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17
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Lee SW, Lee GW, Kim HO, Cho JH. Shaping Heterogeneity of Naive CD8 + T Cell Pools. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e2. [PMID: 36911807 PMCID: PMC9995989 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune diversification helps protect the host against a myriad of pathogens. CD8+ T cells are essential adaptive immune cells that inhibit the spread of pathogens by inducing apoptosis in infected host cells, ultimately ensuring complete elimination of infectious pathogens and suppressing disease development. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector and memory cells, and to identify various intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating these processes. The current knowledge accumulated through these studies has led to a huge breakthrough in understanding the existence of heterogeneity in CD8+ T cell populations during immune response and the principles underlying this heterogeneity. As the heterogeneity in effector/memory phases has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, in the current review, we focus on CD8+ T cells in a "naïve" state, introducing recent studies dealing with the heterogeneity of naive CD8+ T cells and discussing the factors that contribute to such heterogeneity. We also discuss how this heterogeneity contributes to establishing the immense complexity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | | | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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18
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Kim KS. Regulation of T cell repertoires by commensal microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1004339. [PMID: 36310871 PMCID: PMC9606468 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1004339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the host immune systems. It is well established that various commensal microbial species can induce the differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets such as Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells in antigen-dependent manner. The ability of certain microbial species to induce either Treg cells or Th17 cells is often linked to the altered susceptibility to certain immune disorders that are provoked by aberrant T cell response against self-antigens. These findings raise an important question as to how gut microbiota can regulate T cell repertoire and the activation of autoreactive T cells. This review will highlight microbiota-dependent regulation of thymic T cell development, maintenance of T cell repertoire in the secondary lymphoid tissues and the intestine, and microbiota-mediated modulation of autoreactive and tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in autoimmune diseases and tumors, respectively.
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19
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Hsieh T, Sasaki D, Taira N, Chien H, Sarkar S, Seto Y, Miyagi M, Ishikawa H. JunB Is Critical for Survival of T Helper Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901030. [PMID: 35837408 PMCID: PMC9273772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal expansion and differentiation of various T helper subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, depend on a complex of transcription factors, IRF4 and a BATF-containing AP-1 heterodimer. A major BATF heterodimeric partner, JunB, regulates Th17 differentiation, but the role of JunB in other T helper subsets is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that JunB is required for clonal expansion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. In mice immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), papain, or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which induce predominantly Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, respectively, accumulation of antigen-primed, Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells is significantly impaired. TCR-stimulated Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells are more sensitive to apoptosis, although they showed largely normal proliferation and cellular metabolism. JunB directly inhibits expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including Bcl2l11 (encoding Bim), by promoting IRF4 DNA binding at the gene locus. Taken together, JunB serves a critical function in clonal expansion of diverse T helper cells by inhibiting their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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20
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What can we learn from mice lacking pro-survival BCL-2 proteins to advance BH3 mimetic drugs for cancer therapy? Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1079-1093. [PMID: 35388168 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In many human cancers the control of apoptosis is dysregulated, for instance as a result of the overexpression of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins. This promotes tumorigenesis by protecting nascent neoplastic cells from stress and renders malignant cells resistant to anti-cancer agents. Therefore, several BH3 mimetic drugs targeting distinct pro-survival proteins have been developed. The BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax/ABT-199, has been approved for treatment of certain blood cancers and tens of thousands of patients have already been treated effectively with this drug. To advance the clinical development of MCL-1 and BCL-XL inhibitors, a more detailed understanding of their distinct and overlapping roles in the survival of malignant as well as non-transformed cells in healthy tissues is required. Here, we discuss similarities and differences in pro-survival BCL-2 protein structure, subcellular localisation and binding affinities to the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. We summarise the findings from gene-targeting studies in mice to discuss the specific roles of distinct pro-survival BCL-2 family members during embryogenesis and the survival of non-transformed cells in healthy tissues in adults. Finally, we elaborate how these findings align with or differ from the observations from the clinical development and use of BH3 mimetic drugs targeting different pro-survival BCL-2 proteins.
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21
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Wang M, Huang X, Kang Z, Huang J, Wei S, Zhao H, Zhong Y, Liu D. Mechanism of Sishen-Pill-Regulated Special Memory T and mTfh Cell via Involving JAK/STAT5 Pathway in Colitis Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6446674. [PMID: 35388299 PMCID: PMC8979676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6446674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
It is known that memory T cells (mT cell) and memory T follicular cells (mTfh) play vital roles in the IBD pathogenesis. Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription used to treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still unclear whether SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh to treat IBD. In this study, we measured mT cell and mTfh level to explore the conceivable mechanism of SSP-treated IBD. The mice colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and were treated by SSP for 7 days. The therapeutic effect of SSP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; the mT cell, mTfh, and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed by using a Western blot. In the present study, SSP significantly reversed weight loss and colonic injury (colon weight increase and colonic length shortening) caused by 3% DSS in physiological saline solution. Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressions on central memory T cells were enhanced after SSP treatment, while the CD4+ T cm, CD4+ mTfh (memory T follicular helper) cells and their subpopulations were also significantly increased. Moreover, SSP inhibited the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway proteins JAK1, PIAS3, STAT5, p-STAT5, BIM, BAX, caspase-3, and β-casein and promoted the expression of JAK3, PISA1, Bcl-2, and caveolin-1. In summary, SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh in DSS-induced colitis, which is potentially correlated with JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Wang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zengping Kang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Siyi Wei
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
- Experimental Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
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22
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Chen Z, Wang N, Yao Y, Yu D. Context-dependent regulation of follicular helper T cell survival. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:309-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Bim Deletion Reduces Functional Deficits Following Ischemic Stroke in Association with Modulation of Apoptosis and Inflammation. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:405-414. [PMID: 35149957 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis is a key pathological mechanism contributing to neuronal death following ischemic stroke. The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Bim, is an important regulator of apoptosis. In this study we investigated the effect of Bim expression on post-stroke functional outcomes, brain injury and inflammatory mechanisms. Wild type (WT) and Bim-deficient mice underwent 1-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 23 h of reperfusion. At 24-h post-stroke, we assessed functional deficit, infarct volume, immune cell death, as well as the number of infiltrating immune cells in the brain and circulating immune cells. Bim deficiency did not affect infarct volume (P > 0.05), but resulted in less motor impairment (~ threefold greater latency to fall in hanging grip strength test, P < 0.05) and a lower median clinical score than WT mice (P < 0.05). Additionally following MCAO, Bim-deficient mice exhibited fewer myeloid cells (particularly neutrophils) in the ischemic brain hemisphere and less apoptosis of CD3+ T cells in the spleen and thymus compared with WT (all P < 0.05). After MCAO, Bim-deficient mice also tended to have more M2-polarised macrophages in the brain than WT mice. In sham-operated mice, we found that Bim deficiency resulted in greater numbers of circulating total CD45+ leukocytes, Ly6Clo+ monocytes and CD3+ T cells, although MCAO did not affect the number of circulating cells at 24 h in either genotype. Our findings suggest that Bim deficiency modulates post-stroke outcomes, including reductions in motor impairment, brain inflammation and systemic post-stroke leukocyte apoptosis. Bim could therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for stroke.
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24
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Shanmuganad S, Hummel SA, Varghese V, Hildeman DA. Bcl-2 Is Necessary to Counteract Bim and Promote Survival of TCRαβ +CD8αα + Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors in the Thymus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:651-659. [PMID: 34996838 PMCID: PMC8982985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The precursors of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) arise in the thymus through a complex process of agonist selection. We and others have shown that the proapoptotic protein, Bim, is critical to limit the number of thymic IEL precursors (IELp), as loss of Bim at the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage of development drastically increases IELp. The factors determining this cell death versus survival decision remain largely unknown. In this study, we used CD4CreBcl2f/f mice to define the role of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and CD4CreBcl2f/fBimf/f mice to determine the role of Bcl-2 in opposing Bim to promote survival of IELp. First, in wild-type mice, we defined distinct subpopulations within PD-1+CD122+ IELp, based on their expression of Runx3 and α4β7. Coexpression of α4β7 and Runx3 marked IELp that were most dependent upon Bcl-2 for survival. Importantly, the additional loss of Bim restored Runx3+α4β7+ IELp, showing that Bcl-2 antagonizes Bim to enable IELp survival. Further, the loss of thymic IELp in CD4CreBcl2f/f mice also led to a dramatic loss of IEL in the gut, and the additional loss of Bim restored gut IEL. The loss of gut IEL was due to both reduced seeding by IELp from the thymus as well as a requirement for Bcl-2 for peripheral IEL survival. Together, these findings highlight subset-specific and temporal roles for Bcl-2 in driving the survival of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IEL and thymic IELp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vivian Varghese
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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25
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Ludwig LM, Hawley KM, Banks DB, Thomas-Toth AT, Blazar BR, McNerney ME, Leverson JD, LaBelle JL. Venetoclax imparts distinct cell death sensitivity and adaptivity patterns in T cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1005. [PMID: 34707089 PMCID: PMC8551340 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics are increasingly used as anti-cancer therapeutics either alone or in conjunction with other chemotherapies. However, mounting evidence has also demonstrated that BH3 mimetics modulate varied amounts of apoptotic signaling in healthy immune populations. In order to maximize their clinical potential, it will be essential to understand how BH3 mimetics affect discrete immune populations and to determine how BH3 mimetic pressure causes immune system adaptation. Here we focus on the BCL-2 specific inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199) and its effects following short-term and long-term BCL-2 blockade on T cell subsets. Seven day "short-term" ex vivo and in vivo BCL-2 inhibition led to divergent cell death sensitivity patterns in CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs resulting in shifting of global T cell populations towards a more memory T cell state with increased expression of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1. However, twenty-eight day "long-term" BCL-2 blockade following T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation did not lead to changes in the global T cell landscape. Despite the lack of changes in T cell proportions, animals treated with venetoclax developed CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with high levels of BCL-2 and were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli following expansion post-transplant. Further, we demonstrate through RNA profiling that T cells adapt while under BCL-2 blockade post-transplant and develop a more activated genotype. Taken together, these data emphasize the importance of evaluating how BH3 mimetics affect the immune system in different treatment modalities and disease contexts and suggest that venetoclax should be further explored as an immunomodulatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Ludwig
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Katrina M. Hawley
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David B. Banks
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Anika T. Thomas-Toth
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Megan E. McNerney
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joel D. Leverson
- grid.431072.30000 0004 0572 4227AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL USA
| | - James L. LaBelle
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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26
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Svanberg R, Janum S, Patten PEM, Ramsay AG, Niemann CU. Targeting the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:2312-2324. [PMID: 33882636 PMCID: PMC8409023 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.268037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development, growth, and survival of the malignant B-cell clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within the proliferation niches of lymph nodes, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs, a variety of phenotypically and functionally altered cell types, including T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, endothelial and mesenchymal stroma cells, provide crucial survival signals, along with CLL-cellinduced suppression of antitumor immune responses. The B-cell receptor pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between CLL cells and the TME. However, an increasing number of additional components of the multifactorial TME are being discovered. Although the majority of therapeutic strategies employed in CLL hitherto have focused on targeting the leukemic cells, emerging evidence implies that modulation of microenvironmental cells and CLL-TME interactions by novel therapeutic agents significantly affect their clinical efficacy. Thus, improving our understanding of CLL-TME interactions and how they are affected by current therapeutic agents may improve and guide treatment strategies. Identification of novel TME interactions may also pave the road for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TME. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the effects of therapeutic agents on cells and interactions within the TME. With a growing demand for improved and personalized treatment options in CLL, this review aims at inspiring future exploration of smart drug combination strategies, translational studies, and novel therapeutic targets in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sine Janum
- Department of Clinical Haemato-oncology, Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London
| | - Piers E M Patten
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London
| | - Alan G Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London
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27
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Abstract
Conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes comprise a mixture of naive and memory cells. Generation and survival of these T-cell subsets is under strict homeostatic control and reflects contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and certain cytokines. Naive T cells arise in the thymus via T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent positive selection to self-peptide/MHC complexes and are then maintained in the periphery through self-MHC interaction plus stimulation via interleukin-7 (IL-7). By contrast, memory T cells are largely MHC-independent for their survival but depend strongly on stimulation via cytokines. Whereas typical memory T cells are generated in response to foreign antigens, some arise spontaneously through contact of naive precursors with self-MHC ligands; we refer to these cells as memory-phenotype (MP) T cells. In this review, we discuss the generation and homeostasis of naive T cells and these two types of memory T cells, focusing on their relative interaction with MHC ligands and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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28
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Xie X, Zhu L, Jie Z, Li Y, Gu M, Zhou X, Wang H, Chang JH, Ko CJ, Cheng X, Sun SC. TRAF2 regulates T cell immunity by maintaining a Tpl2-ERK survival signaling axis in effector and memory CD8 T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2262-2274. [PMID: 33203937 PMCID: PMC8429472 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation and maintenance of antigen-specific effector and memory T cells are central events in immune responses against infections. We show that TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) maintains a survival signaling axis in effector and memory CD8 T cells required for immune responses against infections. This signaling axis involves activation of Tpl2 and its downstream kinase ERK by NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and degradation of the proapoptotic factor Bim. NIK mediates Tpl2 activation by stimulating the phosphorylation and degradation of the Tpl2 inhibitor p105. Interestingly, while NIK is required for Tpl2-ERK signaling under normal conditions, uncontrolled NIK activation due to loss of its negative regulator, TRAF2, causes constitutive degradation of p105 and Tpl2, leading to severe defects in ERK activation and effector/memory CD8 T cell survival. Thus, TRAF2 controls a previously unappreciated signaling axis mediating effector/memory CD8 T cell survival and protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lele Zhu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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29
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Lefevre MA, Vocanson M, Nosbaum A. Role of tissue-resident memory T cells in the pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:355-360. [PMID: 34155157 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We bring updated knowledge on tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), underlining their major role in the recurrence and the severity of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). RECENT FINDINGS ACD is a frequently encountered skin disease. It is defined as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated by the recruitment of antigen-specific T cells into the skin of sensitized patients. ACD lesions tend to develop on already-exposed areas and worsen over time. That clinical observation has raised questions on the contribution of TRM to ACD recurrence and severity. TRM are memory T cells that persist in peripheral tissues, such as the skin, without recirculating through the blood. These cells provide effective immune memory against pathogens, but they may also participate in the development or exacerbation of numerous inflammatory diseases, including skin allergies. Recent works have demonstrated a major role for TRM in ACD pathophysiology. SUMMARY In ACD, TRM accumulate preferentially at the allergen contact site during the sensitization phase. Thereafter, these cells cause a rapid and intense response to any new allergen exposure. They also play a key role in flare-ups of ACD and the chronicity and severity of the disease. These aspects suggest that TRM may have an interest as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine-Alexia Lefevre
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy), INSERM, U1111, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy), INSERM, U1111, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team Epidermal Immunity and Allergy), INSERM, U1111, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon
- Université de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, Pierre-Benite, France
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30
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Selective BCL-X L Antagonists Eliminate Infected Cells from a Primary-Cell Model of HIV Latency but Not from Ex Vivo Reservoirs. J Virol 2021; 95:e0242520. [PMID: 33980597 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02425-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV persists, despite immune responses and antiretroviral therapy, in viral reservoirs that seed rebound viremia if therapy is interrupted. Previously, we showed that the BCL-2 protein contributes to HIV persistence by conferring a survival advantage to reservoir-harboring cells. Here, we demonstrate that many of the BCL-2 family members are overexpressed in HIV-infected CD4+ T cells, indicating increased tension between proapoptotic and prosurvival family members-and suggesting that inhibition of prosurvival members may disproportionately affect the survival of HIV-infected cells. Based on these results, we chose to study BCL-XL due to its consistent overexpression and the availability of selective antagonists. Infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV resulted in increased BCL-XL protein expression, and treatment with two selective BCL-XL antagonists, A-1155463 and A-1551852, led to selective death of productively infected CD4+ T cells. In a primary cell model of latency, both BCL-XL antagonists drove reductions in HIV DNA and in infectious cell frequencies both alone and in combination with the latency reversing agent bryostatin-1, with little off-target cytotoxicity. However, these antagonists, with or without bryostatin-1 or in combination with the highly potent latency reversing agent combination phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + ionomycin, failed to reduce total HIV DNA and infectious reservoirs in ex vivo CD4+ T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed donors. Our results add to growing evidence that bona fide reservoir-harboring cells are resistant to multiple "kick and kill" modalities-relative to latency models. We also interpret our results as encouraging further exploration of BCL-XL antagonists for cure, where combination approaches, including with immune effectors, may unlock the ability to eliminate ex vivo reservoirs. IMPORTANCE Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, there is no safe or scalable cure. HIV persists in "reservoirs" of infected cells that reinitiate disease progression if ART is interrupted. Whereas most efforts to eliminate this reservoir have focused on exposing these cells to immune-mediated clearance by reversing viral latency, recent work shows that these cells also resist being killed. Here, we identify a "prosurvival" factor, BCL-XL, that is overexpressed in HIV-infected cells, and demonstrate selective toxicity to these cells by BCL-XL antagonists. These antagonists also reduced reservoirs in a primary-cell latency model but were insufficient to reduce "natural" reservoirs in ex vivo CD4+ T cells-adding to growing evidence that the latter are resilient in a way that is not reflected in models. We nonetheless suggest that the selective toxicity of BCL-XL antagonists to HIV-infected cells supports their prioritization for testing in combinations aimed at reducing ex vivo reservoirs.
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Li J, Xu J, Li Z. Obatoclax, the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to promote the anti-tumor efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101116. [PMID: 33975180 PMCID: PMC8131730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obatoclax, the Bcl-2 inhibitor directly impaired HCC cell growth. Obatoclax suppressed HCC development in vivo. Obatoclax sensitized HCC cells to T cell-mediated killing. Combination therapy of obatoclax and anti-PD-1 antibody synergically reduced HCC growth.
Bcl-2 family proteins play critical roles in regulating lymphocyte development and maintain homeostasis, and have also been proved to be involved in various cancer types development. However, the role of Bcl-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been clearly studied. Here, we reported the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor, obatoclax could directly inhibit HCC growth in vitro. We further demonstrated in murine HCC model that obatoclax also suppressed HCC development in vivo. We also proved that although obatoclax inhibited T cells expansion, it had no influence on T cells activation in vivo. Mechanism study revealed that obatoclax sensitized HCC cells to T cell-mediated killing. Combination therapy of obatoclax with anti-PD-1 antibody synergistically suppressed HCC development and prolonged the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. The combination therapy promoted T cells activation and effector cytokines expression both in spleen and tumor. In summary, our results proved that obatoclax sensitized HCC cells to T cell -mediated killing. Combination of obatoclax with immune checkpoint blockade served as a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingye Li
- Department of Medical oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong 276400, China
| | - Jinrong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong 276400, China
| | - Zhibing Li
- Department of anesthesiology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong 276400, China.
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32
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Rosemblatt MV, Parra-Tello B, Briceño P, Rivas-Yáñez E, Tucer S, Saavedra-Almarza J, Hörmann P, Martínez BA, Lladser Á, Rosemblatt M, Cekic C, Bono MR, Sauma D. Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Regulates the Survival of CD8+ T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647058. [PMID: 33928082 PMCID: PMC8076893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is an enzyme present on the surface of tumor cells whose primary described function is the production of extracellular adenosine. Due to the immunosuppressive properties of adenosine, CD73 is being investigated as a target for new antitumor therapies. We and others have described that CD73 is present at the surface of different CD8+ T cell subsets. Nonetheless, there is limited information as to whether CD73 affects CD8+ T cell proliferation and survival. In this study, we assessed the impact of CD73 deficiency on CD8+ T cells by analyzing their proliferation and survival in antigenic and homeostatic conditions. Results obtained from adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate a paradoxical role of CD73. On one side, it favors the expression of interleukin-7 receptor α chain on CD8+ T cells and their homeostatic survival; on the other side, it reduces the survival of activated CD8+ T cells under antigenic stimulation. Also, upon in vitro antigenic stimulation, CD73 decreases the expression of interleukin-2 receptor α chain and the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, findings that may explain the reduced CD8+ T cell survival observed in this condition. These results indicate that CD73 has a dual effect on CD8+ T cells depending on whether they are subject to an antigenic or homeostatic stimulus, and thus, special attention should be given to these aspects when considering CD73 blockade in the design of novel antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brian Parra-Tello
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Briceño
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rivas-Yáñez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suat Tucer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Juan Saavedra-Almarza
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Hörmann
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brandon A Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Lladser
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caglar Cekic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mitchell JE, Lund MM, Starmer J, Ge K, Magnuson T, Shpargel KB, Whitmire JK. UTX promotes CD8 + T cell-mediated antiviral defenses but reduces T cell durability. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108966. [PMID: 33852868 PMCID: PMC8112613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent virus infections can cause pathogenesis that is debilitating or lethal. During these infections, virus-specific T cells fail to protect due to weakened antiviral activity or failure to persist. These outcomes are governed by histone modifications, although it is unknown which enzymes contribute to T cell loss or impaired function over time. In this study, we show that T cell receptor-stimulated CD8+ T cells increase their expression of UTX (ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome) to enhance gene expression. During chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice, UTX binds to enhancers and transcription start sites of effector genes, allowing for improved cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated protection, independent of its trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) demethylase activity. UTX also limits the frequency and durability of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which correspond to increased expression of inhibitory receptors. Thus, UTX guides gene expression patterns in CD8+ T cells, advancing early antiviral defenses while reducing the longevity of CD8+ T cell responses. T cells fail to eliminate chronic virus infections due to alterations in gene expression that undermine their activity. In this study, Mitchell et al. identify a histone-modifying enzyme that promotes effector gene expression and CTL activity early on yet reduces T cell survival, leading to infection persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Mitchell
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Makayla M Lund
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josh Starmer
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karl B Shpargel
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jason K Whitmire
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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34
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Siblany L, Gaugler B, Stocker N, Ricard L, Ye Y, Mohty M, Malard F. Venetoclax does not impair activated T-cell proliferation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1740-1742. [PMID: 33686250 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lama Siblany
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stocker
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Laure Ricard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Yishan Ye
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France. .,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France.
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35
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Loss of BIM in T cells results in BCL-2 family BH3-member compensation but incomplete cell death sensitivity normalization. Apoptosis 2021; 25:247-260. [PMID: 31993851 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BIM is the master BH3-only BCL-2 family regulator of lymphocyte survival. To understand how long-term loss of BIM affects apoptotic resistance in T cells we studied animals with T cell-specific deletion of Bim. Unlike CD19CREBimfl/fl animals, LCKCREBimfl/fl mice have pronounced early lymphocytosis followed by normalization of lymphocyte counts over time. This normalization occurred in mature T cells, as thymocyte development and apoptotic sensitivity remained abnormal in LCKCREBimfl/fl mice. T cells from aged mice experienced normalization of their absolute cell numbers and responses against various apoptotic stimuli. mRNA expression levels of BCL-2 family proteins in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from young and old mice revealed upregulation of several BH3-only proteins, including Puma, Noxa, and Bmf. Despite upregulation of various BH3 proteins, there were no differences in anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein dependency in these cells. However, T cells had continued resistance to direct BIM BH3-induced mitochondrial depolarization. This study further highlights the importance of BIM in cell death maintenance in T cells and provides new insight into the dynamism underlying BH3-only regulation of T cell homeostasis versus induced cell death and suggests that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compensate differently in response to loss of Bim.
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36
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Kohlhapp FJ, Haribhai D, Mathew R, Duggan R, Ellis PA, Wang R, Lasater EA, Shi Y, Dave N, Riehm JJ, Robinson VA, Do AD, Li Y, Orr CJ, Sampath D, Raval A, Merchant M, Bhathena A, Salem AH, Hamel KM, Leverson JD, Donawho C, Pappano WN, Uziel T. Venetoclax Increases Intratumoral Effector T Cells and Antitumor Efficacy in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:68-79. [PMID: 32887697 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiapoptotic protein BCL2 plays critical roles in regulating lymphocyte development and immune responses, and has also been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor survival. However, it is unknown whether BCL2 is critical for antitumor immune responses. We evaluated whether venetoclax, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of BCL2, would influence the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We demonstrate in mouse syngeneic tumor models that venetoclax can augment the antitumor efficacy of ICIs accompanied by the increase of PD-1+ T effector memory cells. Venetoclax did not impair human T-cell function in response to antigen stimuli in vitro and did not antagonize T-cell activation induced by anti-PD-1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the antiapoptotic family member BCL-XL provides a survival advantage in effector T cells following inhibition of BCL2. Taken together, these data provide evidence that venetoclax should be further explored in combination with ICIs for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The antiapoptotic oncoprotein BCL2 plays critical roles in tumorigenesis, tumor survival, lymphocyte development, and immune system regulation. Here we demonstrate that venetoclax, the first FDA/European Medicines Agency-approved BCL2 inhibitor, unexpectedly can be combined preclinically with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance anticancer immunotherapy, warranting clinical evaluation of these combinations.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipica Haribhai
- Translational Oncology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul A Ellis
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rui Wang
- Translational Oncology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yan Shi
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nimita Dave
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob J Riehm
- Translational Oncology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - An D Do
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yijin Li
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christine J Orr
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Aparna Raval
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Keith M Hamel
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Tamar Uziel
- Translational Oncology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois.
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37
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Shin MS, Kim D, Yim K, Park HJ, You S, Dong X, Koumpouras F, Shaw AC, Fan R, Krishnaswamy S, Kang I. IL-7 receptor alpha defines heterogeneity and signature of human effector memory CD8 + T cells in high dimensional analysis. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104155. [PMID: 32619811 PMCID: PMC7415611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα or CD127) can be differentially expressed in memory CD8+ T cells. Here we investigated whether IL-7Rα could serve as a key molecule in defining a comprehensive landscape of heterogeneity in human effector memory (EM) CD8+ T cells using high-dimensional Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). IL-7Rα had diverse, but organized, expressional relationship in EM CD8+ T cells with molecules related to cell function and gene regulation, which rendered an immune landscape defining heterogeneous cell subsets. The differential expression of these molecules likely has biological implications as we found in vivo signatures of transcription factors and homeostasis cytokine receptors, including T-bet and IL-7Rα. Our findings indicate the existence of heterogeneity in human EM CD8+ T cells as defined by distinct but organized expression patterns of multiple molecules in relationship to IL-7Rα and its possible biological significance in modulating downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kristina Yim
- Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xuemei Dong
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fotios Koumpouras
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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38
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Van Den Eeckhout B, Van Hoecke L, Burg E, Van Lint S, Peelman F, Kley N, Uzé G, Saelens X, Tavernier J, Gerlo S. Specific targeting of IL-1β activity to CD8 + T cells allows for safe use as a vaccine adjuvant. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:64. [PMID: 32714571 PMCID: PMC7378068 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual administration and reformulation of influenza vaccines is required for protection against seasonal infections. However, the induction of strong and long-lasting T cells is critical to reach broad and potentially lifelong antiviral immunity. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its product interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are pivotal mediators of cellular immune responses to influenza, yet, overactivation of these systems leads to side effects, which hamper clinical applications. Here, we present a bypass around these toxicities by targeting the activity of IL-1β to CD8+ T cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate safe inclusion of IL-1β as an adjuvant in vaccination strategies, leading to full protection of mice against a high influenza virus challenge dose by raising potent T cell responses. In conclusion, this paper proposes a class of IL-1β-based vaccine adjuvants and also provides further insight in the mechanics of cellular immune responses driven by IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elianne Burg
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Gilles Uzé
- CNRS 5235, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Zhou Y, Leng X, Mo C, Zou Q, Liu Y, Wang Y. The p53 effector Perp mediates the persistence of CD4 + effector memory T-cell undergoing lymphopenia-induced proliferation. Immunol Lett 2020; 224:14-20. [PMID: 32473185 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Under lymphopenic conditions, the rapid spontaneous proliferation produces cells that robustly differentiate into effector memory T (TEM) cells, and the aberrant expansion is preferentially driven by self-antigens. The pool size of effector memory T-cell is governed by a complex homeostatic balance between proliferation and death. Perp is a critical effector involved in the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and widely expressed in mammalian tissues. We have previously shown that Perp has a prominent role in activation-induced cell death of peripheral Th17 cells. Here, we show that Peripheral Perp-/-CD4+ TEM cells outcompete wild type TEM cells for access to splenic niches in vivo. The skewing of the Perp-/- TEM cells compartment was not the result of a difference in lymphopenia-induced proliferation, but the resistance to apoptosis, particularly after anti-Fas treatment. Data presented in this work indicate that Perp mediates the persistence of CD4+ TEM cells in irradiation-induced lymphopenic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital and Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yantang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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40
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Pfefferle A, Jacobs B, Haroun-Izquierdo A, Kveberg L, Sohlberg E, Malmberg KJ. Deciphering Natural Killer Cell Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32477340 PMCID: PMC7235169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have a central role within the innate immune system, eliminating virally infected, foreign and transformed cells through their natural cytotoxic capacity. Release of their cytotoxic granules is tightly controlled through the balance of a large repertoire of inhibitory and activating receptors, and it is the unique combination of these receptors expressed by individual cells that confers immense diversity both in phenotype and functionality. The diverse, yet unique, NK cell repertoire within an individual is surprisingly stable over time considering the constant renewal of these cells at steady state. Here we give an overview of NK cell differentiation and discuss metabolic requirements, intra-lineage plasticity and transcriptional reprogramming during IL-15-driven homeostatic proliferation. New insights into the regulation of NK cell differentiation and homeostasis could pave the way for the successful implementation of NK cell-based immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pfefferle
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Jacobs
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ebba Sohlberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Li KP, Ladle BH, Kurtulus S, Sholl A, Shanmuganad S, Hildeman DA. T-cell receptor signal strength and epigenetic control of Bim predict memory CD8 + T-cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1214-1224. [PMID: 31558776 PMCID: PMC7206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most effector CD8+ T cells die, while some persist and become either "effector" (TEM) or "central" (TCM) memory T cells. Paradoxically, effector CD8+ T cells with greater memory potential have higher levels of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim. Here, we report, using a novel Bim-mCherry knock-in mouse, that cells with high levels of Bim preferentially develop into TCM cells. Bim levels remained stable and were regulated by DNA methylation at the Bim promoter. Notably, high levels of Bcl-2 were required for Bimhi cells to survive. Using Nur77-GFP mice as an indicator of TCR signal strength, Nur77 levels correlated with Bim expression and Nur77hi cells also selectively developed into TCM cells. Altogether, these data show that Bim levels and TCR signal strength are predictive of TEM- vs. TCM-cell fate. Further, given the many other biologic functions of Bim, these mice will have broad utility beyond CD8+ T-cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Brian H Ladle
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building, 11th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sema Kurtulus
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Allyson Sholl
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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42
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Chandrasekar AP, Cummins NW, Badley AD. The Role of the BCL-2 Family of Proteins in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:e00107-19. [PMID: 31666279 PMCID: PMC6822993 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in HIV-1 therapy have transformed the once fatal infection into a manageable, chronic condition, yet the search for a widely applicable approach to cure remains elusive. The ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir has prompted investigation into the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and immune escape. One of the major regulators of apoptosis, the BCL-2 protein, alongside its homologous family members, is a major target of HIV-1-induced change. Recent studies have now demonstrated the association of this protein with cells that support proviral forms in the setting of latency and have helped identify BCL-2 as a novel and promising therapeutic target for HIV-1 therapy directed at possible cure. This review aims to systematically review the interactions of HIV-1 with BCL-2 and its homologs and to examine the possibility of using BCL-2 inhibitors in the study and elimination of the latent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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43
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Effects of prophylactic administration of glutamine on CD4 + T cell polarisation and kidney injury in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:657-665. [PMID: 31182172 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of glutamine (GLN) pretreatment on CD4+ T cell polarisation and remote kidney injury in mice with gut-derived polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control fed with American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet and two sepsis groups provided with either AIN-93G-based diet or identical components, except part of casein was replaced by GLN. Mice were given their respective diets for 2 weeks. Then, mice in the sepsis groups were performed with caecal ligation and puncture and were killed 72 h after the surgery. Blood, spleens and kidneys were collected for further examination. The results showed that sepsis resulted in decreased circulating and splenic total T lymphocyte and CD4+ T cell percentages, whereas IL-4-, and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)-expressing CD4+ T cells percentages were up-regulated. Compared with the sepsis control group, pretreatment with GLN maintained blood T and CD4+ T cells and reduced percentages of IL-4- and Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells. Also, a more pronounced activation and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression of splenic CD4+ T cells were observed. Concomitant with the decreased plasma IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels, the gene expression of KC, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and renal injury biomarker kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) were down-regulated when GLN was administered. These findings suggest that antecedent of GLN administration elicit a more balanced blood T helper cell polarisation, sustained T cell populations, prevented splenic CD4+ T cell apoptosis and attenuated kidney injury at late phase of polymicrobial sepsis. GLN may have benefits in subjects at risk of abdominal infection.
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44
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Pobezinskaya EL, Wells AC, Angelou CC, Fagerberg E, Aral E, Iverson E, Kimura MY, Pobezinsky LA. Survival of Naïve T Cells Requires the Expression of Let-7 miRNAs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31130952 PMCID: PMC6509570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the diversity and constant numbers of naïve T cells throughout the organism's lifetime is necessary for efficient immune responses. Naïve T cell homeostasis, which consists of prolonged survival, occasional proliferation and enforcement of quiescence, is tightly regulated by multiple signaling pathways which are in turn controlled by various transcription factors. However, full understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of the peripheral T cell pool has not been achieved. In the present study, we demonstrate that T cell-specific deficiency in let-7 miRNAs results in peripheral T cell lymphopenia resembling that of Dicer1 knockout mice. Deletion of let-7 leads to profound T cell apoptosis while overexpression prevents it. We further show that in the absence of let-7, T cells cannot sustain optimal levels of the pro-survival factor Bcl2 in spite of the intact IL-7 signaling, and re-expression of Bcl2 in let-7 deficient T cells completely rescues the survival defect. Thus, we have uncovered a novel let-7-dependent mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of naïve T cell survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L. Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Alexandria C. Wells
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Constance C. Angelou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Esengul Aral
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Iverson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Motoko Y. Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Leonid A. Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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45
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Schøller AS, Fonnes M, Nazerai L, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. Local Antigen Encounter Is Essential for Establishing Persistent CD8 + T-Cell Memory in the CNS. Front Immunol 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 30886617 PMCID: PMC6409353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the brain is considered an immune-privileged site, the CNS may nevertheless be the focus of immune mediated inflammation in the case of infection and certain autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis. As in other tissues, it has been found that acute T-cell infiltration may be followed by establishment of persistent local T-cell memory. To improve our understanding regarding the regulation of putative tissue resident memory T (Trm) cells in CNS, we devised a new model system for studying the generation of Trm cells in this site. To this purpose, we exploited the fact that the CNS may be a sanctuary for adenoviral infection, and to minimize virus-induced disease, we chose replication-deficient adenoviruses for infection of the CNS. Non-replicating adenoviruses are known to be highly immunogenic, and our studies demonstrate that intracerebral inoculation causes marked local T-cell recruitment, which is followed by persistent infiltration of the CNS parenchyma by antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Phenotypical analysis of CNS infiltrating antigen specific CD8+ T cells was consistent with these cells being Trms. Regarding the long-term stability of the infiltrate, resident CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 as well as the proliferation marker Ki-67 suggesting that the population is maintained through steady homeostatic proliferation. Functionally, memory CD8+ T cells from CNS matched peripheral memory cells with regard to capacity for ex vivo cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Most importantly, our experiments revealed a key role for local antigen encounter in the establishment of sustained CD8+ T-cell memory in the brain. Inflammation in the absence of cognate antigen only led to limited and transient infiltration by antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Together these results indicate that memory CD8+ T cells residing in the CNS predominantly mirror previous local infections and immune responses to local autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie S Schøller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masja Fonnes
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loulieta Nazerai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Jacobs B, Pfefferle A, Clement D, Berg-Larsen A, Saetersmoen ML, Lorenz S, Wiiger MT, Goodridge JP, Malmberg KJ. Induction of the BIM Short Splice Variant Sensitizes Proliferating NK Cells to IL-15 Withdrawal. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:736-746. [PMID: 30578306 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. There is a variety of protocols to expand NK cells in vitro, most of which are based on stimulation with cytokines alone or in combination with feeder cells. Although IL-15 is essential for NK cell homeostasis in vivo, it is commonly used at supraphysiological levels to induce NK cell proliferation in vitro. As a result, adoptive transfer of such IL-15-addicted NK cells is associated with cellular stress because of sudden cytokine withdrawal. In this article, we describe a dose-dependent addiction to IL-15 during in vitro expansion of human NK cells, leading to caspase-3 activation and profound cell death upon IL-15 withdrawal. NK cell addiction to IL-15 was tightly linked to the BCL-2/BIM ratio, which rapidly dropped during IL-15 withdrawal. Furthermore, we observed a proliferation-dependent induction of BIM short, a highly proapoptotic splice variant of BIM in IL-15-activated NK cells. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in NK cell apoptosis following cytokine withdrawal and may guide future NK cell priming strategies in a cell therapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Jacobs
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aline Pfefferle
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis Clement
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Axel Berg-Larsen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michelle L Saetersmoen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; and.,Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Thune Wiiger
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jodie P Goodridge
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Davenport B, Eberlein J, van der Heide V, Jhun K, Nguyen TT, Victorino F, Trotta A, Chipuk J, Yi Z, Zhang W, Clambey ET, Scott DK, Homann D. Aging of Antiviral CD8 + Memory T Cells Fosters Increased Survival, Metabolic Adaptations, and Lymphoid Tissue Homing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:460-475. [PMID: 30552164 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging of established antiviral T cell memory can foster a series of progressive adaptations that paradoxically improve rather than compromise protective CD8+ T cell immunity. We now provide evidence that this gradual evolution, the pace of which is contingent on the precise context of the primary response, also impinges on the molecular mechanisms that regulate CD8+ memory T cell (TM) homeostasis. Over time, CD8+ TM generated in the wake of an acute infection with the natural murine pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus become more resistant to apoptosis and acquire enhanced cytokine responsiveness without adjusting their homeostatic proliferation rates; concurrent metabolic adaptations promote increased CD8+ TM quiescence and fitness but also impart the reacquisition of a partial effector-like metabolic profile; and a gradual redistribution of aging CD8+ TM from blood and nonlymphoid tissues to lymphatic organs results in CD8+ TM accumulations in bone marrow, splenic white pulp, and, particularly, lymph nodes. Altogether, these data demonstrate how temporal alterations of fundamental homeostatic determinants converge to render aged CD8+ TM poised for greater recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Davenport
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80045.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jens Eberlein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kevin Jhun
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Francisco Victorino
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Andrew Trotta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | - Jerry Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Eric T Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Dirk Homann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; .,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80045.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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48
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Cheng Q, Liu J, Pei Y, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Pan W, Zhang J. Neddylation contributes to CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007440. [PMID: 30462731 PMCID: PMC6249024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play predominant roles in protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection, both for IFN-γ-dependent effector mechanisms and providing B cell helper signals. Neddylation, an ubiquitination-like process triggered by covalent conjugation of NEDD8 to specific targets, has emerged as a potential regulator of T cell activities to TCR engagement. However, its contribution to T cell-mediated immunity to blood-stage malaria remains unclear. Here using an experimental model induced by Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL, and conditional knockout mice with T cell-specific deficiency of crucial components of neddylation pathway, we demonstrate activation of neddylation in T cells during blood-stage Plasmodium infection is essential for parasite control and host survival. Mechanistically, we show that apart from promoting CD4+ T cell activation, proliferation, and development of protective T helper 1 (Th1) cell response as suggested previously, neddylation is also required for supporting CD4+ T cell survival, mainly through B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mediated suppression of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that neddylation contributes to follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation, probably via augmenting the ubiquitin ligase Itch activity and proteasomal degradation of FoxO1, thereby facilitating germinal center (GC) formation and parasite-specific antibody production. This study identifies neddylation as a positive regulator of anti-Plasmodium immunity and provides insight into an involvement of such pathway in host resistance to infectious diseases. Malaria, which is caused by the intracellular parasite Plasmodium, remains a major infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality annually. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in protective immunity against the pathogenic blood-stage Plasmodium will facilitate development of anti-malarial drugs and vaccines. Neddylation has recently been identified as a potential regulator of T cell function. Here, we directly addressed the effects of neddylation on T cell responses and the outcome of blood-stage P. yoelii 17XNL malaria. We show that activation of neddylation in T cells is essential for IFN-γ-mediated proinflammatory response and generation of parasite-specific antibodies, thus contributing to full resolution of the infection. This is primarily associated with the reported beneficial effects of neddylation on CD4+ T cell activities, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation into T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Additionally, we establish a novel role of neddylation in parasite-responsive CD4+ T cell survival and follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation. Therefore, we provide evidence that neddylation may represent a novel mechanism in orchestrating optimum CD4+ T cell effector response and subsequent humoral immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QC); (JZ)
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Pei
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaolin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QC); (JZ)
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49
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Williams JW, Ferreira CM, Blaine KM, Rayon C, Velázquez F, Tong J, Peter ME, Sperling AI. Non-apoptotic Fas (CD95) Signaling on T Cells Regulates the Resolution of Th2-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2521. [PMID: 30443253 PMCID: PMC6221963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas (CD95/APO-1) and its ligand (FasL/CD95L) promote the resolution of type 2 lung inflammation and eosinophilia. We previously found that Fas-deficiency on T cells, but not eosinophils, delayed resolution of inflammation. However, Fas can signal both cell death and have a positive signaling function that can actually activate cells. In this study, we investigated whether Fas-induced death or Fas-activated signaling pathways promote resolution of allergic lung inflammation. By increasing T cell survival through two Fas-independent pathways, using Bim-deficient T cells or Bcl-xL overexpressing T cells, no differences in resolution of Th2-mediated inflammation was observed. Furthermore, Th2 cells were inherently resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis and preferentially signaled through non-apoptotic pathways following FasL treatment. Utilizing Fas-mutant mice deficient in apoptotic but sufficient for non-apoptotic Fas signaling pathways, we demonstrate that non-apoptotic Fas signaling in T cells drives resolution of Th2-mediated airway inflammation. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role for non-apoptotic Fas signaling on Th2 cells in the induction of resolution of type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Williams
- Committee on Molecular Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kelly M Blaine
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Crystal Rayon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jiankun Tong
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Committee on Molecular Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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50
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Up-regulation of microRNA-340 promotes osteosarcoma cell apoptosis while suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion by inactivating the CTNNB1-mediated Notch signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171615. [PMID: 29769415 PMCID: PMC6117618 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common histological form of primary bone cancer. It is most prevalent in teenagers and young adults. The present study aims at exploring the regulatory effect of microRNA-340 (miR-340) on OS cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis via regulating the Notch signaling pathway by targeting β-catenin (cadherin-associated protein) 1 (CTNNB1). OS tissues belonging to 45 patients and normal femoral head tissues of 45 amputees were selected. Cells were allocated to different groups. In situ hybridization was performed to determine the positive rate of miR-340 expression while immunohistochemistry was used to determine that of CTNNB1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). We used a series of experiments to measure the expressions of related factors and assess rates of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis respectively. Our results show that miR-340 was expressed a higher level in normal tissue than OS tissue. Expression of Notch, CTNNB1, hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), Bcl-2, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin increased and that of miR-340, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), and Bcl-2 associated protein X (Bax) decreased in OS tissues. U-2OS cell line had the highest miR-340 expression. We also found that the up-regulation of miR-340 had increased expression of miR-340, BIM, and Bax but decreased expression of Notch, CTNNB1, Hes1, Bcl-2, Runx2, and osteocalcin. Up-regulation of miR-340p lead to increased cell apoptosis, suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of miR-340 could suppress OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as promoting OS cell apoptosis by inactivating the Notch signaling pathway via down-regulating CTNNB1. Functional miR-340 overexpression might be a future therapeutic strategy for OS.
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