1
|
Vendel AC, Jaroszewski L, Linnik MD, Godzik A. B- and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Pathogenesis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:247-256. [PMID: 38676311 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA; CD272) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member and part of a family of checkpoint inhibitory receptors that negatively regulate immune cell activation. The natural ligand for BTLA is herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM; TNFRSF14), and binding of HVEM to BTLA leads to attenuation of lymphocyte activation. In this study, we evaluated the role of BTLA and HVEM expression in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multisystem autoimmune disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers (N = 7) were evaluated by mass cytometry by time-of-flight to establish baseline expression of BTLA and HVEM on human lymphocytes compared with patients with SLE during a self-reported flare (N = 5). High levels of BTLA protein were observed on B cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in healthy participants. HVEM protein levels were lower in patients with SLE compared with healthy participants, while BTLA levels were similar between SLE and healthy groups. Correlations of BTLA-HVEM hub genes' expression with patient and disease characteristics were also analyzed using whole blood gene expression data from patients with SLE (N = 1,760) and compared with healthy participants (N = 60). HVEM, being one of the SLE-associated genes, showed an exceptionally strong negative association with disease activity. Several other genes in the BTLA-HVEM signaling network were strongly (negative or positive) correlated, while BTLA had a low association with disease activity. Collectively, these data provide a clinical rationale for targeting BTLA with an agonist in SLE patients with low HVEM expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Adam Godzik
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen X, Mai R, Han X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ji T, Tong Y, Chen P, Zhao J, He X, Wen T, Liang R, Lin Y, Luo X, Cai X. BTLA deficiency promotes HSC activation and protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0449. [PMID: 38840336 PMCID: PMC11155569 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable even despite the development of more effective surgical approaches. During hepatic IRI, activated HSC (aHSC) are involved in liver injury and recovery. APPROACH AND RESULT A proportion of aHSC increased significantly both in the mouse liver tissues with IRI and in the primary mouse HSCs and LX-2 cells during hypoxia-reoxygenation. "Loss-of-function" experiments revealed that depleting aHSC with gliotoxin exacerbated liver damage in IRI mice. Subsequently, we found that the transcription of mRNA and the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) protein were lower in aHSC compared with quiescent HSCs. Interestingly, overexpression or knockdown of BTLA resulted in opposite changes in the activation of specific markers for HSCs such as collagen type I alpha 1, α-smooth muscle actin, and Vimentin. Moreover, the upregulation of these markers was also observed in the liver tissues of global BLTA-deficient (BTLA-/-) mice and was higher after hepatic IRI. Compared with wild-type mice, aHSC were higher, and liver injury was lower in BTLA-/- mice following IRI. However, the depletion of aHSC reversed these effects. In addition, the depletion of aHSC significantly exacerbated liver damage in BTLA-/- mice with hepatic IRI. Furthermore, the TGF-β1 signaling pathway was identified as a potential mechanism for BTLA to negatively regulate the activation of HSCs in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings revealed a critical role of BTLA. Particularly, the receptor inhibits HSC-activated signaling in acute IRI, implying that it is a potential immunotherapeutic target for decreasing the IRI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Rongyun Mai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technology Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mélique S, Vadel A, Rouquié N, Yang C, Bories C, Cotineau C, Saoudi A, Fazilleau N, Lesourne R. THEMIS promotes T cell development and maintenance by rising the signaling threshold of the inhibitory receptor BTLA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318773121. [PMID: 38713628 PMCID: PMC11098085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318773121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm about the function of T cell immune checkpoints is that these receptors switch on inhibitory signals upon cognate ligand interaction. We here revisit this simple switch model and provide evidence that the T cell lineage protein THEMIS enhances the signaling threshold at which the immune checkpoint BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) represses T cell responses. THEMIS is recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of BTLA and blocks its signaling capacity by promoting/stabilizing the oxidation of the catalytic cysteine of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. In contrast, THEMIS has no detectable effect on signaling pathways regulated by PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1), which depend mainly on the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. BTLA inhibitory signaling is tuned according to the THEMIS expression level, making CD8+ T cells more resistant to BTLA-mediated inhibition than CD4+ T cells. In the absence of THEMIS, the signaling capacity of BTLA is exacerbated, which results in the attenuation of signals driven by the T cell antigen receptor and by receptors for IL-2 and IL-15, consequently hampering thymocyte positive selection and peripheral CD8+ T cell maintenance. By characterizing the pivotal role of THEMIS in restricting the transmission of BTLA signals, our study suggests that immune checkpoint operability is conditioned by intracellular signal attenuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mélique
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Aurélie Vadel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Cui Yang
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Coline Cotineau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse31024, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vanamee ÉS, Faustman DL. The benefits of clustering in TNF receptor superfamily signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225704. [PMID: 37662920 PMCID: PMC10469783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily is a structurally and functionally related group of cell surface receptors that play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell survival, and immune regulation. This review paper synthesizes key findings from recent studies, highlighting the importance of clustering in TNF receptor superfamily signaling. We discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of signaling, the functional consequences of receptor clustering, and potential therapeutic implications of targeting surface structures of receptor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva S. Vanamee
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Denise L. Faustman
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wakeley ME, Armstead BE, Gray CC, Tindal EW, Heffernan DS, Chung CS, Ayala A. Lymphocyte HVEM/BTLA co-expression after critical illness demonstrates severity indiscriminate upregulation, impacting critical illness-induced immunosuppression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176602. [PMID: 37305124 PMCID: PMC10248445 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The co-regulatory molecule, HVEM, can stimulate or inhibit immune function, but when co-expressed with BTLA, forms an inert complex preventing signaling. Altered HVEM or BTLA expression, separately have been associated with increased nosocomial infections in critical illness. Given that severe injury induces immunosuppression, we hypothesized that varying severity of shock and sepsis in murine models and critically ill patients would induce variable increases in HVEM/BTLA leukocyte co-expression. Methods In this study, varying severities of murine models of critical illness were utilized to explore HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression in the thymic and splenic immune compartments, while circulating blood lymphocytes from critically ill patients were also assessed for HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression. Results Higher severity murine models resulted in minimal change in HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression, while the lower severity model demonstrated increased HVEM+BTLA+ co-expression on thymic and splenic CD4+ lymphocytes and splenic B220+ lymphocytes at the 48-hour time point. Patients demonstrated increased co-expression of HVEM+BTLA+ on CD3+ lymphocytes compared to controls, as well as CD3+Ki67- lymphocytes. Both L-CLP 48hr mice and critically ill patients demonstrated significant increases in TNF-α. Discussion While HVEM increased on leukocytes after critical illness in mice and patients, changes in co-expression did not relate to degree of injury severity of murine model. Rather, co-expression increases were seen at later time points in lower severity models, suggesting this mechanism evolves temporally. Increased co-expression on CD3+ lymphocytes in patients on non-proliferating cells, and associated TNF-α level increases, suggest post-critical illness co-expression does associate with developing immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Wakeley
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brandon E. Armstead
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Graduate Pathobiology Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chyna C. Gray
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth W. Tindal
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daithi S. Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lebish EJ, Morgan NJ, Valentine JF, Beswick EJ. MK2 Inhibitors as a Potential Crohn's Disease Treatment Approach for Regulating MMP Expression, Cleavage of Checkpoint Molecules and T Cell Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121508. [PMID: 36558958 PMCID: PMC9784662 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are incurable chronic immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Both diseases present with chronic inflammation that leads to epithelial barrier dysfunction accompanied by loss of immune tolerance and inflammatory damage to the mucosa of the GI tract. Despite extensive research in the field, some of the mechanisms associated with the pathology in IBD remain elusive. Here, we identified a mechanism by which the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway contributes to disease pathology in CD by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which cleave checkpoint molecules on immune cells and enhance T cell activity. By utilizing pharmaceuticals targeting MMPs and MK2, we show that the cleavage of checkpoint molecules and enhanced T cell responses may be reduced. The data presented here suggest the potential for MK2 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of CD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rush-Kittle J, Gámez-Díaz L, Grimbacher B. Inborn errors of immunity associated with defects of self-tolerance checkpoints: The CD28 family. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13886. [PMID: 36564875 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the causes of inborn errors of immunity is immune dysregulation. The inability of the immune system to regulate the extent of its activity has several deleterious effects, including autoimmunity, recurrent infections, and malignancy. In recent years, many proteins in the CD28 family - CD28, ICOS, CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA - have come into the focus of several research areas for their consequential role in the upregulation or downregulation of the immune response. In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of these proteins, as well as provide an overview of the clinical picture of patients with genetic defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorrell Rush-Kittle
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Battin C, Leitner J, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Olive D, Steinberger P. BTLA inhibition has a dominant role in the cis-complex of BTLA and HVEM. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956694. [PMID: 36081508 PMCID: PMC9446882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) by the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) represents a unique interaction between an activating receptor of the TNFR-superfamily and an inhibitory receptor of the Ig-superfamily. BTLA and HVEM have both been implicated in the regulation of human T cell responses, but their role is complex and incompletely understood. Here, we have used T cell reporter systems to dissect the complex interplay of HVEM with BTLA and its additional ligands LIGHT and CD160. Co-expression with LIGHT or CD160, but not with BTLA, induced strong constitutive signaling via HVEM. In line with earlier reports, we observed that in cis interaction of BTLA and HVEM prevented HVEM co-stimulation by ligands on surrounding cells. Intriguingly, our data indicate that BTLA mediated inhibition is not impaired in this heterodimeric complex, suggesting a dominant role of BTLA co-inhibition. Stimulation of primary human T cells in presence of HVEM ligands indicated a weak costimulatory capacity of HVEM potentially owed to its in cis engagement by BTLA. Furthermore, experiments with T cell reporter cells and primary T cells demonstrate that HVEM antibodies can augment T cell responses by concomitantly acting as checkpoint inhibitors and co-stimulation agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7258; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Seo GY, Takahashi D, Wang Q, Mikulski Z, Chen A, Chou TF, Marcovecchio P, McArdle S, Sethi A, Shui JW, Takahashi M, Surh CD, Cheroutre H, Kronenberg M. Epithelial HVEM maintains intraepithelial T cell survival and contributes to host protection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm6931. [PMID: 35905286 PMCID: PMC9422995 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial T cells (IETs) are in close contact with intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying basement membrane, and they detect invasive pathogens. How intestinal epithelial cells and basement membrane influence IET survival and function, at steady state or after infection, is unclear. The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is constitutively expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and is important for protection from pathogenic bacteria. Here, we showed that at steady-state LIGHT, an HVEM ligand, binding to epithelial HVEM promoted the survival of small intestine IETs. RNA-seq and addition of HVEM ligands to epithelial organoids indicated that HVEM increased epithelial synthesis of basement membrane proteins, including collagen IV, which bound to β1 integrins expressed by IETs. Therefore, we proposed that IET survival depended on β1 integrin binding to collagen IV and showed that β1 integrin-collagen IV interactions supported IET survival in vitro. Moreover, the absence of β1 integrin expression by T lymphocytes decreased TCR αβ+ IETs in vivo. Intravital microscopy showed that the patrolling movement of IETs was reduced without epithelial HVEM. As likely consequences of decreased number and movement, protective responses to Salmonella enterica were reduced in mice lacking either epithelial HVEM, HVEM ligands, or β1 integrins. Therefore, IETs, at steady state and after infection, depended on HVEM expressed by epithelial cells for the synthesis of collagen IV by epithelial cells. Collagen IV engaged β1 integrins on IETs that were important for their maintenance and for their protective function in mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Qingyang Wang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angeline Chen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashu Sethi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles D Surh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Pohang, South Korea
| | | | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ware CF, Croft M, Neil GA. Realigning the LIGHT signaling network to control dysregulated inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213236. [PMID: 35604387 PMCID: PMC9130030 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the physiologic functions of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands, receptors, and signaling networks are providing deeper insight into pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancer. LIGHT (TNFSF14) has emerged as an important modulator of critical innate and adaptive immune responses. LIGHT and its signaling receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14), and lymphotoxin β receptor, form an immune regulatory network with two co-receptors of herpesvirus entry mediator, checkpoint inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator, and CD160. Deciphering the fundamental features of this network reveals new understanding to guide therapeutic development. Accumulating evidence from infectious diseases points to the dysregulation of the LIGHT network as a disease-driving mechanism in autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in barrier organs, including coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent clinical results warrant further investigation of the LIGHT regulatory network and application of target-modifying therapeutics for disease intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Lisowska KA, Wardowska A. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Diethelm P, Schmitz I, Iten I, Kisielow J, Matsushita M, Kopf M. LCMV induced down-regulation of HVEM on anti-viral T cells is critical for an efficient effector response. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:924-935. [PMID: 35344223 PMCID: PMC9321772 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T‐cell responses against tumors and pathogens are critically shaped by cosignaling molecules providing a second signal. Interaction of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM, CD270, TNFRSF14) with multiple ligands has been proposed to promote or inhibit T‐cell responses and inflammation, dependent on the context. In this study, we show that absence of HVEM did neither affect generation of effector nor maintenance of memory antiviral T cells and accordingly viral clearance upon acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, due to potent HVEM downregulation during infection. Notably, overexpression of HVEM on virus‐specific CD8+ T cells resulted in a reduction of effector cells, whereas numbers of memory cells were increased. Overall, this study indicates that downregulation of HVEM driven by LCMV infection ensures an efficient acute response at the price of impaired formation of T‐cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Diethelm
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Iwana Schmitz
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Irina Iten
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kisielow
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mai Matsushita
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stienne C, Virgen-Slane R, Elmén L, Veny M, Huang S, Nguyen J, Chappell E, Balmert MO, Shui JW, Hurchla MA, Kronenberg M, Peterson SN, Murphy KM, Ware CF, Šedý JR. Btla signaling in conventional and regulatory lymphocytes coordinately tempers humoral immunity in the intestinal mucosa. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110553. [PMID: 35320716 PMCID: PMC9032671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Btla inhibitory receptor limits innate and adaptive immune responses, both preventing the development of autoimmune disease and restraining anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. It remains unclear how the functions of Btla in diverse lymphocytes contribute to immunoregulation. Here, we show that Btla inhibits activation of genes regulating metabolism and cytokine signaling, including Il6 and Hif1a, indicating a regulatory role in humoral immunity. Within mucosal Peyer's patches, we find T-cell-expressed Btla-regulated Tfh cells, while Btla in T or B cells regulates GC B cell numbers. Treg-expressed Btla is required for cell-intrinsic Treg homeostasis that subsequently controls GC B cells. Loss of Btla in lymphocytes results in increased IgA bound to intestinal bacteria, correlating with altered microbial homeostasis and elevations in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Together our studies provide important insights into how Btla functions as a checkpoint in diverse conventional and regulatory lymphocyte subsets to influence systemic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stienne
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard Virgen-Slane
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lisa Elmén
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marisol Veny
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Huang
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chappell
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mary Olivia Balmert
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle A Hurchla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - John R Šedý
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuncewicz K, Battin C, Węgrzyn K, Sieradzan A, Wardowska A, Sikorska E, Giedrojć I, Smardz P, Pikuła M, Steinberger P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Spodzieja M. Targeting the HVEM protein using a fragment of glycoprotein D to inhibit formation of the BTLA/HVEM complex. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105748. [PMID: 35325694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using blockade of immune checkpoints is mainly based on monoclonal antibodies. Despite the tremendous success achieved by using those molecules to block immune checkpoint proteins, antibodies possess some weaknesses, which means that there is still a need to search for new compounds as alternatives to antibodies. Many current approaches are focused on use of peptides/peptidomimetics to destroy receptor/ligand interactions. Our studies concern blockade of the BTLA/HVEM complex, which generates an inhibitory effect on the immune response resulting in tolerance to cancer cells. To design inhibitors of such proteins binding we based our work on the amino acid sequence and structure of a ligand of HVEM protein, namely glycoprotein D, which possesses the same binding site on HVEM as BTLA protein. To disrupt the BTLA and HVEM interaction we designed several peptides, all fragments of glycoprotein D, and tested their binding to HVEM using SPR and their ability to inhibit the BTLA/HVEM complex formation using ELISA tests and cellular reporter platforms. That led to identification of two peptides, namely gD(1-36)(K10C-D30C) and gD(1-36)(A12C-L25C), which interact with HVEM and possess blocking capacities. Both peptides are not cytotoxic to human PBMCs, and show stability in human plasma. We also studied the 3D structure of the gD(1-36)(K10C-D30C) peptide using NMR and molecular modeling methods. The obtained data reveal that it possesses an unstructured conformation and binds to HVEM in the same location as gD and BTLA. All these results suggest that peptides based on the binding fragment of gD protein represent promising immunomodulation agents for future cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Battin
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irma Giedrojć
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pamela Smardz
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Embryology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marta Spodzieja
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin CY, Su N, Hu CB, Shao T, Ji JF, Qin LL, Fan DD, Lin AF, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Regulatory role of BTLA and HVEM checkpoint inhibitors in T cell activation in a perciform fish Larimichthys crocea. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:104312. [PMID: 34767880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The BTLA and HVEM are two well-characterized immune checkpoint inhibitors in humans and other mammalian species. However, the occurrence and functionality of these two molecules in non-mammalian species remain poorly understood. In the present study, we identified the BTLA and HVEM homologs from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an economically important marine species of the perciform fish family. The Larimichthys crocea BTLA and HVEM (LcBTLA and LcHVEM) share conserved structural features to their mammalian counterparts, and they were expressed in various tissues and cells examined at different transcriptional levels, with particular abundance in immune-relevant tissues and splenic leukocytes. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis showed that LcHVEM and LcBTLA proteins were distributed on MHC-II+ APCs and CD4-2+ T cells, and a strong interaction between LcBTLA and LcHVEM was detected in splenic leukocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). By blockade assays using anti-LcBTLA and anti-LcHVEM Abs as well as recombinant soluble LcBTLA and LcHVEM proteins in different combinations, it was found that LcBTLA-LcHVEM interactions play an important inhibitory role in the activation of alloreactive T cells using MLR as a model, and APC-initiated antigen-specific CD4-2+ T cells in response to A. hydrophila (A. h) stimulation. These observations highlight the extensive functional roles of LcBTLA and LcHVEM immune-checkpoint inhibitors in allogeneic T cell reactions, and CD4-2+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses in Larimichthys crocea. Thus, the BTLA-HVEM checkpoint may represent an ancient coinhibitory pathway, which was originated in fish and was conserved from fish to mammals throughout the vertebrate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Su
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Bin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, You Q, Zhang F, Chen D, Huang Z, Wu Z. Harringtonine Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Reducing Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Expression. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722748. [PMID: 34531841 PMCID: PMC8438530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces various clinical disorders, such as herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), and genital herpes. In clinical intervention, acyclovir (ACV) is the major therapeutic drug used to suppress HSV-1; however, ACV-resistant strains have gradually increased. In the present study, harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited infection of HSV-1 as well as two ACV-resistant strains, including HSV-1 blue and HSV-1 153. Time-of-drug addition assay further revealed that HT mainly reduced the early stage of HSV-1 infection. We also demonstrated that HT mainly affected herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) expression as shown by qPCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence. Collectively, HT showed antiviral activity against HSV-1 and ACV-resistant strains by targeting HVEM and could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced-pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ning Z, Liu K, Xiong H. Roles of BTLA in Immunity and Immune Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654960. [PMID: 33859648 PMCID: PMC8043046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of the most important cosignaling molecules. It belongs to the CD28 superfamily and is similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in terms of its structure and function. BTLA can be detected in most lymphocytes and induces immunosuppression by inhibiting B and T cell activation and proliferation. The BTLA ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), does not belong to the classic B7 family. Instead, it is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The association of BTLA with HVEM directly bridges the CD28 and TNFR families and mediates broad and powerful immune effects. Recently, a large number of studies have found that BTLA participates in numerous physiopathological processes, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplantation rejection. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing knowledge about BTLA in immunity and summarize the diverse functions of BTLA in various immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keyan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Ming S, Song W, Meng X, Xiao Q, Wu M, Wu Y, Xie H, Zhou J, Zhong H, Huang X. B and T lymphocyte attenuator regulates autophagy in mycobacterial infection via the AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107215. [PMID: 33348294 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The survivability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in macrophages in granuloma is a predominant cause for tuberculosis (TB) infection and recurrence. However, the mechanism of mycobacterial clearance in macrophages still needs further study. Here, we explored a novel role of B and T lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) in macrophage-mediated host defense against mycobacterial infection. We found that the surface expression of BTLA was increased in CD14+ monocytes from active TB patients. The mRNA levels of BTLA were induced in human and mice monocytes/macrophages during Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M.tb H37Rv infection, as well as spleen and lung of H37Rv-infected mice. Furthermore, silencing of BTLA promoted the intracellular survival of BCG and H37Rv by suppressing the autophagy in macrophages but not effecting phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Silence of BTLA reduced bacterial-autophagosome and bacterial-lysosome colocalization. Moreover, BTLA inhibited AKT and mTOR signaling substrates S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation in BCG and H37Rv infected macrophages, and BTLA-mediated AKT-mTOR signaling and intracellular BCG survival were reversed by PI3K inhibitors in macrophages. Finally, treatment with BTLA agonist ameliorated lung pathology and promoted autophagy and mycobacterial clearance during mycobacterial infection in vivo. These results demonstrate that BTLA promotes host defense against mycobacteria by enhancing autophagy, which may provide potential therapeutic interventions against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Siqi Ming
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Weifeng Song
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province 528300, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Hanbin Xie
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Guangdong Province 515073, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- The Forth People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Haibo Zhong
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Guangdong Province 515073, China.
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vanamee ÉS, Faustman DL. On the TRAIL of Better Therapies: Understanding TNFRSF Structure-Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030764. [PMID: 32245106 PMCID: PMC7140660 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands show diverse biological functions, such as the induction of apoptotic cell death or cell survival and proliferation, making them excellent therapeutic targets for cancer and autoimmunity. We review the latest literature on TNF receptor superfamily signaling with a focus on structure-function. Using combinatorics, we argue that receptors that cluster on the cell surface and are activated by membrane-bound ligands need to arrange in a highly ordered manner, as the probability of random ligand and receptor arrangements matching up for receptor activation is very low. A growing body of evidence indicates that antiparallel receptor dimers that sequester the ligand binding site cluster on the cell surface, forming a hexagonal lattice. Upon ligand binding, this arrangement puts the activated receptors at the right distance to accommodate the downstream signaling partners. The data also suggest that the same geometry is utilized regardless of receptor type. The unified model provides important clues about TNF receptor signaling and should aid the design of better therapies for cancer and various immune mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Tumor development is characterized by the accumulation of mutational and epigenetic changes that transform normal cells and survival pathways into self-sustaining cells capable of untrammeled growth. Although multiple modalities including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are available for the treatment of cancer, the benefits conferred are often limited. The immune system is capable of specific, durable, and adaptable responses. However, cancers hijack immune mechanisms such as negative regulatory checkpoints that have evolved to limit inflammatory and immune responses to thwart effective antitumor immunity. The development of monoclonal antibodies against inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells has produced durable responses in a broad array of advanced malignancies and heralded a new dawn in the cancer armamentarium. However, these remarkable responses are limited to a minority of patients and indications, highlighting the need for more effective and novel approaches. Preclinical and clinical studies with immune checkpoint blockade are exploring the therapeutic potential antibody-based therapy targeting multiple inhibitory receptors. In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of the structure, ligand specificities, function, and signaling activities of various inhibitory receptors. Additionally, we discuss the current development status of various immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting these negative immune receptors and highlight conceptual gaps in knowledge.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wakeley ME, Shubin NJ, Monaghan SF, Gray CC, Ayala A, Heffernan DS. Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM): A Novel Potential Mediator of Trauma-Induced Immunosuppression. J Surg Res 2020; 245:610-618. [PMID: 31522034 PMCID: PMC6900447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a coinhibitory molecule which can both stimulate and inhibit host immune responses. Altered expression of HVEM and its ligands is associated with increased nosocomial infections in septic patients. We hypothesize critically ill trauma patients will display increased lymphocyte HVEM expression and that such alteration is predictive of infectious events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trauma patients prospectively enrolled from the ICU were compared with healthy controls. Leukocytes were isolated from whole blood, stained for CD3 (lymphocytes) and HVEM, and evaluated by flow cytometry. Charts were reviewed for injuries sustained, APACHE II score, hospital course, and secondary infections. RESULTS Trauma patients (n = 31) were older (46.7 ± 2.4 versus 36.8 ± 2.1 y; P = 0.03) than healthy controls (n = 10), but matched for male sex (74% versus 60%; P = 0.4). Trauma patients had higher presenting WBC (13.9 ± 1.3 versus 5.6 ± 0.5 × 106/mL; P = 0.002), lower percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes (7.5% ± 0.8 versus 22.5% ± 0.9; P < 0.001), but significantly greater expression of HVEM+/CD3+ lymphocytes (89.6% ± 1.46 versus 67.3% ± 1.7; P < 0.001). Among trauma patients, secondary infection during the hospitalization was associated with higher APACHE II scores (20.6 ± 1.6 versus 13.6 ± 1.4; P = 0.03) and markedly lower CD3+ lymphocyte HVEM expression (75% ± 2.6 versus 93% ± 0.7; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS HVEM expression on CD3+ cells increases after trauma. Patients developing secondary infections have less circulating HVEM+CD3+. This implies HVEM signaling in lymphocytes plays a role in maintaining host defense to infection in after trauma. HVEM expression may represent a marker of infectious risk as well as a potential therapeutic target, modulating immune responses to trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Wakeley
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chyna C Gray
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Werner K, Dolff S, Dai Y, Ma X, Brinkhoff A, Korth J, Gäckler A, Rohn H, Sun M, Cohen Tervaert JW, van Paassen P, Kribben A, Witzke O, Wilde B. The Co-inhibitor BTLA Is Functional in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Suppresses Th17 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2843. [PMID: 31921121 PMCID: PMC6914808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The activation and inhibition of T-cells has been well-studied under physiological conditions. Co-inhibition is an important mechanism to keep effector T-cells in check. Co-inhibitors mediate peripheral self-tolerance and limit the immune response. Dysfunctional co-inhibition is associated with loss of T-cell regulation and induction of autoimmunity. Therefore, we investigated the co-inhibitor B- and T-Lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: Fifty-six AAV patients and 32 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the expression of BTLA on T-cells. Double negative T-cells were defined as CD3+CD4-CD8-. To assess the functionality of BTLA, CFSE-labeled T-cells were stimulated in presence or absence of an agonistic anti-BTLA antibody. In addition, impact of BTLA-mediated co-inhibition on Th17 cells was studied. Results: AAV patients in remission had a decreased expression of BTLA on double negative T-cells (CD3+CD4-CD8-). On all other subtypes of T-cells, expression of BTLA was comparable to healthy controls. TCR-independent stimulation of T-cells resulted in down-regulation of BTLA on Th cells in AAV and HC, being significantly lower in HC. Co-inhibition via BTLA led to suppression of T-cell proliferation in AAV as well as in HC. As a result of BTLA mediated co-inhibition, Th17 cells were suppressed to the same extent in AAV and HC. Conclusion: BTLA expression is altered on double negative T-cells but not on other T-cell subsets in quiescent AAV. BTLA-induced co-inhibition has the capacity to suppress Th17 cells and is functional in AAV. Thus, BTLA-mediated co-inhibition might be exploited for future targeted therapies in AAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Werner
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brinkhoff
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Pieter van Paassen
- Section of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YL, Lin HW, Chien CL, Lai YL, Sun WZ, Chen CA, Cheng WF. BTLA blockade enhances Cancer therapy by inhibiting IL-6/IL-10-induced CD19 high B lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:313. [PMID: 31753019 PMCID: PMC6868712 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The standard treatment for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is surgery followed by platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, but the overall survival rate is poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy combined with inhibition of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) for clinical use to treat EOC. Methods Initially, we evaluated the potential application of chemotherapy combined with anti-BTLA antibody in an animal model. We then analyzed the distribution and regulation of BTLA expression on immunocytes in vitro. Finally, we examined the correlation between BTLA expression levels in cancerous tissues and prognosis in 254 EOC cases. Results The combination of chemotherapy and anti-BTLA antibody for inhibiting BTLA significantly reduced peritoneal tumor volume and extended survival in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, BTLA could be identified mostly on B lymphocytes, especially on CD19hi B cells, rather than on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Under regulation of interleukins 6 and 10, more BTLA+CD19hi B lymphocytes could be induced through AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Detectable BTLA expression in ovarian cancerous tissues was associated with worse disease-free and overall survivals of EOC patients. Conclusions BTLA detected in cancerous tissues can predict poor outcome of EOC patients. Inhibition of BTLA combined with chemotherapy can elevate immune activation and generate potent anti-tumor effects. Thus, the combination of chemotherapy and anti-BTLA antibody may hold potential clinical application for the treatment of EOC patients. Trial registration The Trial Registration Number was NCT00854399.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Immune checkpoint molecules. Possible future therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Shi W, Shao T, Li JY, Fan DD, Lin AF, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. BTLA-HVEM Checkpoint Axis Regulates Hepatic Homeostasis and Inflammation in a ConA-Induced Hepatitis Model in Zebrafish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2425-2442. [PMID: 31562209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM checkpoint axis plays extensive roles in immunomodulation and diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, the functions of this checkpoint axis in hepatitis remain limited. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of the Btla-Hvem axis in a ConA-induced hepatitis model in zebrafish. Results showed that Btla and Hvem were differentially expressed on intrahepatic Cd8+ T cells and hepatocytes. Knockdown of Btla or Hvem significantly promoted hepatic inflammation. Btla was highly expressed in Cd8+ T cells in healthy liver but was downregulated in inflamed liver, as evidenced by a disparate proportion of Cd8+Btla+ and Cd8+Btla- T cells in individuals without or with ConA stimulation. Cd8+Btla+ T cells showed minimal cytotoxicity to hepatocytes, whereas Cd8+Btla- T cells were strongly reactive. The depletion of Cd8+Btla- T cells reduced hepatitis, whereas their transfer enhanced hepatic inflammation. These observations indicate that Btla endowed Cd8+Btla+ T cells with self-tolerance, thereby preventing them from attacking hepatocytes. Btla downregulation deprived this tolerization. Mechanistically, Btla-Hvem interaction contributed to Cd8+Btla+ T cell tolerization, which was impaired by Hvem knockdown but rescued by soluble Hvem protein administration. Notably, Light was markedly upregulated on Cd8+Btla- T cells, accompanied by the transition of Cd8+Btla+Light- to Cd8+Btla-Light+ T cells during hepatitis, which could be modulated by Cd4+ T cells. Light blockade attenuated hepatitis, thereby suggesting the positive role of Light in hepatic inflammation. These findings provide insights into a previously unrecognized Btla-Hvem-Light regulatory network in hepatic homeostasis and inflammation, thus adding a new potential therapeutic intervention for hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Tong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jiang-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Dong-Dong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ai-Fu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bourque J, Hawiger D. Immunomodulatory Bonds of the Partnership between Dendritic Cells and T Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:379-401. [PMID: 30792568 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
By acquiring, processing, and presenting both foreign and self-antigens, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate T cell activation that is shaped through the immunomodulatory functions of a variety of cell-membrane-bound molecules including BTLA-HVEM, CD40-CD40L, CTLA-4-CD80/CD86, CD70-CD27, ICOS-ICOS-L, OX40-OX40L, and PD-L1-PD-1, as well as several key cytokines and enzymes such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Some of these distinct immunomodulatory signals are mediated by specific subsets of DCs, therefore contributing to the functional specialization of DCs in the priming and regulation of immune responses. In addition to responding to the DC-mediated signals, T cells can reciprocally modulate the immunomodulatory capacities of DCs, further refining immune responses. Here, we review recent studies, particularly in experimental mouse systems, that have delineated the integrated mechanisms of crucial immunomodulatory pathways that enable specific populations of DCs and T cells to work intimately together as single functional units that are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsuda S, Carreras J, Kikuti YY, Nakae H, Dekiden-Monma M, Imai J, Tsuruya K, Nakamura J, Tsukune Y, Uchida T, Matsushima M, Roncador G, Suzuki T, Nakamura N, Mine T. Prediction of steroid demand in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis by immunohistochemical analysis of the mucosal microenvironment and immune checkpoint: role of macrophages and regulatory markers in disease severity. Pathol Int 2019; 69:260-271. [PMID: 30990953 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the mucosal immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint of Ulcerative colitis (UC) by immunohistochemistry with correlation to prognosis: requirement of second-line steroid-therapy within the 2-years after diagnosis (SR). A series of 72 cases included 56 UC, 43 non-SR (with first-line treatment 5-ASA) and 13 SR, 11 infectious colitis and 5 normal colonic biopsies. Normal mucosa was characterized by low infiltrates but high BTLA and TNFRSF14. Compared to normal, UC had increased pan-immune-markers of CD3, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, CD68, CD16, CD163, PTX3 and CD11C but had decreased BTLA (P < 0.05); by GSEA analysis comparable results were found in an independent UC gene-expression-data set (GSE38713). Compared to infectious, UC had higher CD4, CD8, PTX3 and CD11C but lower BTLA (P < 0.05). Compared to non-SR, SR had lower FOXP3 + Tregs (Odds-Ratio = 0.114, P = 0.002), PD-1 (OR = 0.176, P = 0.002) and CD163/CD68 M2-ratio (OR, 0.019, P = 0.019) but higher CD68 + pan-macrophages (OR = 6.034, P = 0.002). Higher Baron endoscopic and Geboes histologic disease activity scores also correlated with SR. In summary, UC was characterized by increased pan-immune-markers, normal TNFRSF14 and low BTLA. SR had increased CD68 + pan-macrophages but lower immune inhibitors of FOXP3 + Tregs, PD-1 and CD163/CD68 M2-macrophage ratio. In conclusion, alterations of the immune homeostasis mechanisms are relevant in the UC pathogenesis and steroid-requiring situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tsuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yara Y Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nakae
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Dekiden-Monma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Tsuruya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tsukune
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Uchida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsushima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu X, Zheng Y, Mao R, Su Z, Zhang J. BTLA/HVEM Signaling: Milestones in Research and Role in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:617. [PMID: 30984188 PMCID: PMC6449624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory receptor, similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, and is mainly expressed on B-, T-, and all mature lymphocyte cells. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-BTLA plays a critical role in immune tolerance and immune responses which are areas of intense research. However, the mechanisms of the BTLA and the BTLA/HVEM signaling pathway in human diseases remain unclear. This review describes the research milestones of BTLA and HVEM in chronological order and their role in chronic HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Richeng Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stavsky J, Maitra R. The Synergistic Role of Diet and Exercise in the Prevention, Pathogenesis, and Management of Ulcerative Colitis: An Underlying Metabolic Mechanism. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819834526. [PMID: 30911221 PMCID: PMC6425530 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819834526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a biologically complex condition characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The relative incidence of this debilitating condition is increasing and sociologically damaging outcomes are a continued reality. Several etiological theories for UC are currently under investigation, spanning between genetic and environmental determinants. From an environmental perspective, previous literature reviews have demonstrated the independent effectiveness of specific diet and exercise patterns in modifying UC immuno-pathophysiology. This article explores the synergistic role of diet and aerobic exercise in the prevention, pathogenesis, and management of UC in the context of recent immunological research. Through a unifying mechanism-that is, microbial influence of colonic inflammation and immuno-pathophysiology-the simultaneous reduction of pro-inflammatory dietary sulfurous amino acid intake (ie methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine) and the upregulation of aerobic exercise frequency (which spurs the colonization of anti-inflammatory butyrate, acetate, and propionate producing microbial taxa) demonstrate the clinical efficacy of incorporating both diet and exercise modifications for UC prevention and management through pathogenic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Stavsky
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Costimulatory signals initiated by the interaction between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and cognate TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies promote clonal expansion, differentiation, and survival of antigen-primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and have a pivotal role in T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity and diseases. Accumulating evidence in recent years indicates that costimulatory signals via the subset of the TNFR superfamily molecules, OX40 (TNFRSF4), 4-1BB (TNFRSF9), CD27, DR3 (TNFRSF25), CD30 (TNFRSF8), GITR (TNFRSF18), TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B), and HVEM (TNFRSF14), which are constitutive or inducible on T cells, play important roles in protective immunity, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and tumor immunotherapy. In this chapter, we will summarize the findings of recent studies on these TNFR family of co-signaling molecules regarding their function at various stages of the T-cell response in the context of infection, inflammation, and cancer. We will also discuss how these TNFR co-signals are critical for immune regulation and have therapeutic potential for the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tipping the balance: inhibitory checkpoints in intestinal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:21-35. [PMID: 30498201 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The small intestinal and colonic lamina propria are populated with forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin-10-producing T cells that orchestrate intestinal tolerance to harmless microbial and food antigens. Expression of co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 serve as checkpoints to these cells controlling their T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated and CD28-mediated activation and modulating the phenotype of neighboring antigen presenting cells. Recent discoveries on the diversity of co-inhibitory receptors and their selective cellular expression has shed new light on their tissue-dependent function. In this review, we provide an overview of the co-inhibitory pathways and checkpoints of Treg and effector T cells and their mechanisms of action in intestinal homeostasis. Better understanding of these inhibitory checkpoints is desired as their blockade harbors clinical potential for the treatment of cancer and their stimulation may offer new opportunities to treat chronic intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency and the Kinetics of Reactivation Are Regulated by a Complex Network of Interactions between the Herpesvirus Entry Mediator, Its Ligands (gD, BTLA, LIGHT, and CD160), and the Latency-Associated Transcript. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01451-18. [PMID: 30282707 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01451-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM; also called TNFRSF14 or CD270) is upregulated by the latency-associated transcript (LAT) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and that the absence of HVEM affects latency reactivation but not primary infection in ocularly infected mice. gD has been shown to bind to HVEM. LIGHT (TNFSF14), CD160, and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) also interact with HVEM and can interfere with HSV gD binding. It was not known if LIGHT, CD160, or BTLA affected the level of latency reactivation in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of latently infected mice. To address this issue, we ocularly infected LIGHT-/-, CD160-/-, and BTLA-/- mice with LAT(+) and LAT(-) viruses, using similarly infected wild-type (WT) and HVEM-/- mice as controls. The amount of latency, as determined by the levels of gB DNA in the TG of the LIGHT-/-, CD160-/-, and BTLA-/- mice infected with either LAT(+) or LAT(-) viruses, was lower than that in WT mice infected with LAT(+) virus and was similar in WT mice infected with LAT(-) virus. The levels of LAT RNA in HVEM-/-, LIGHT-/-, CD160-/-, and BTLA-/- mice infected with LAT(+) virus were similar and were lower than the levels of LAT RNA in WT mice. However, LIGHT-/-, CD160-/-, and BTLA-/- mice, independent of the presence of LAT, had levels of reactivation similar to those of WT mice infected with LAT(+) virus. Faster reactivation correlated with the upregulation of HVEM transcript. The LIGHT-/-, CD160-/-, and BTLA-/- mice had higher levels of HVEM expression, and this, along with the absence of BTLA, LIGHT, or CD160, may contribute to faster reactivation, while the absence of each molecule, independent of LAT, may have contributed to lower latency. This study suggests that, in the absence of competition with gD for binding to HVEM, LAT RNA is important for WT levels of latency but not for WT levels of reactivation.IMPORTANCE The effects of BTLA, LIGHT, and CD160 on latency reactivation are not known. We show here that in BTLA, LIGHT, or CD160 null mice, latency is reduced; however, HVEM expression is upregulated compared to that of WT mice, and this upregulation is associated with higher reactivation that is independent of LAT but dependent on gD expression. Thus, one of the mechanisms by which BTLA, LIGHT, and CD160 null mice enhance reactivation appears to be the increased expression of HVEM in the presence of gD. Thus, our results suggest that blockade of HVEM-LIGHT-BTLA-CD160 contributes to reduced HSV-1 latency and reactivation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Giles DA, Zahner S, Krause P, Van Der Gracht E, Riffelmacher T, Morris V, Tumanov A, Kronenberg M. The Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Members TNFSF14 (LIGHT), Lymphotoxin β and Lymphotoxin β Receptor Interact to Regulate Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2585. [PMID: 30524422 PMCID: PMC6262400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1.5 million individuals in the United States are afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the progression of IBD is multifactorial, chronic, unresolved inflammation certainly plays a key role. Additionally, while multiple immune mediators have been shown to affect pathogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of disease progression is lacking. Previous work has demonstrated that a member of the TNF superfamily, TNFSF14 (LIGHT), which is pro-inflammatory in several contexts, surprisingly plays an important role in protection from inflammation in mouse models of colitis, with LIGHT deficient mice having more severe disease pathogenesis. However, LIGHT is a single member of a complex signaling network. It signals through multiple receptors, including herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR); these two receptors in turn can bind to other ligands. It remains unknown which receptors and competing ligands can mediate or counteract the outcome of LIGHT-signaling during colitis. Here we demonstrate that LIGHT signaling through LTβR, rather than HVEM, plays a critical role in the progression of DSS-induced colitis, as LTβR deficient mice exhibit a more severe disease phenotype. Further, mice deficient in LTαβ do not exhibit differential colitis progression compared to WT mice. However, deletion of both LIGHT and LTαβ, but not deletion of both LTαβ and LTβR, resulted in a reversal of the adverse effects associated with the loss of LIGHT. In sum, the LIGHT/LTαβ/LTβR signaling network contributes to DSS colitis, but there may be additional receptors or indirect effects, and therefore, the relationships between these receptors and ligands remains enigmatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sonja Zahner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Petra Krause
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Esmé Van Der Gracht
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Riffelmacher
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Venetia Morris
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexei Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Seo GY, Shui JW, Takahashi D, Song C, Wang Q, Kim K, Mikulski Z, Chandra S, Giles DA, Zahner S, Kim PH, Cheroutre H, Colonna M, Kronenberg M. LIGHT-HVEM Signaling in Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets Protects Against Enteric Bacterial Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:249-260.e4. [PMID: 30092201 PMCID: PMC6132068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important regulators of early infection at mucosal barriers. ILCs are divided into three groups based on expression profiles, and are activated by cytokines and neuropeptides. Yet, it remains unknown if ILCs integrate other signals in providing protection. We show that signaling through herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, in ILC3 is important for host defense against oral infection with the bacterial pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. HVEM stimulates protective interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion from ILCs, and mice with HVEM-deficient ILC3 exhibit reduced IFN-γ production, higher bacterial burdens and increased mortality. In addition, IFN-γ production is critical as adoptive transfer of wild-type but not IFN-γ-deficient ILC3 can restore protection to mice lacking ILCs. We identify the TNF superfamily member, LIGHT, as the ligand inducing HVEM signals in ILCs. Thus HVEM signaling mediated by LIGHT plays a critical role in regulating ILC3-derived IFN-γ production for protection following infection. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Adult
- Animals
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/pathology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, CCR6/genetics
- Receptors, CCR6/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/microbiology
- Spleen/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Yersinia enterocolitica/pathogenicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christina Song
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonja Zahner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
To limit excessive T cell-mediated inflammatory responses, the immune system has a milieu of inhibitory receptors, called immune checkpoints. Cancer cells have evolved to seize those inhibitory pathways and to prevent T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. Therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) consisting of blocking antibodies against these receptors present an exciting avenue in the fight against cancer. The last decade has seen the implementation of ICI against a variety of cancer indications that have improved the overall anti-tumor responses and patient survival. However, inflammatory toxicities and autoimmunity are a significant adverse event of ICI therapies. In this review, we will discuss the biology of immune checkpoints, highlight research strategies that may help reduce the incidence of immune-related adverse events associated with ICI therapies, and also suggest investigational approaches to manipulate immune checkpoints to treat primary autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tocheva
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E 29th Street, Room 806, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Adam Mor
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 450 E 29th Street, Room 806, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee EH, Kim EM, Ji KY, Park AR, Choi HR, Lee HY, Kim SM, Chung BY, Park CH, Choi HJ, Ko YH, Bai HW, Kang HS. Axl acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating LIGHT expression in T lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20645-20655. [PMID: 28423548 PMCID: PMC5400533 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Axl is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a role in many cancers. LIGHT (Lymphotoxin-related inducible ligand that competes for glycoprotein D binding to herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells) is a ligand that induces robust anti-tumor immunity by enhancing the recruitment and activation of effector immune cells at tumor sites. We observed that mouse EL4 and human Jurkat T lymphoma cells that stably overexpressed Axl also showed high expression of LIGHT. When Jurkat-Axl cells were treated with Gas6, a ligand for Axl, LIGHT expression was upregulated through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and transcriptional induction by Sp1. The lytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells was enhanced by EL4-Axl cells. In addition, tumor volume and growth were markedly reduced due to enhanced apoptotic cell death in EL4-Axl tumor-bearing mice as compared to control mice. We also observed upregulated expression of CCL5 and its receptor, CCR5, and enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in EL4-Axl-bearing mice as compared to mock controls. These data strongly suggested that Axl exerts novel tumor suppressor effects by inducing upregulation of LIGHT in the tumor microenvironment of T lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Insitute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Choi
- Department of Nursing, Nambu University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 506-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Youn Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Man Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Insitute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Insitute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Choi
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Insitute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Insitute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ward-Kavanagh LK, Lin WW, Šedý JR, Ware CF. The TNF Receptor Superfamily in Co-stimulating and Co-inhibitory Responses. Immunity 2017; 44:1005-19. [PMID: 27192566 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens and malignant cells. The pathways controlled by the TNF superfamily differentiate both innate and adaptive immune cells and modulate stromal cells into microenvironments conducive to host defenses. Members of the TNF receptor superfamily activate diverse cellular functions from the production of type 1 interferons to the modulation of survival of antigen-activated T cells. Here, we focus attention on the subset of TNF superfamily receptors encoded in the immune response locus in chromosomal region 1p36. Recent studies have revealed that these receptors use diverse mechanisms to either co-stimulate or restrict immune responses. Translation of the fundamental mechanisms of TNF superfamily is leading to the design of therapeutics that can alter pathogenic processes in several autoimmune diseases or promote immunity to tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Ward-Kavanagh
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ansari AW, Khan MA, Schmidt RE, Broering DC. Harnessing the immunotherapeutic potential of T-lymphocyte co-signaling molecules in transplantation. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:8-16. [PMID: 28119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alloantigen-specific T-cell triggered immunopathological events are responsible for rapid allograft rejection. The co-signaling pathways orchestrated by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules are critical for optimal T-cell effector function. Therefore, selective blockade of pathways that control T-cell immunity may offer an attractive therapeutic strategy to manipulate cell mediated allogenic responses. For example, CD28, CTLA-4 and CD154 receptor blockade have proven beneficial in maintaining T-cell tolerance against transplanted organs in experimental animal models as well as in clinical trials. Conversely, induction of co-inhibitory molecules may result in suppressed effector function. There are several other potential molecules that are known to induce immune tolerance are currently under consideration for clinical studies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated analysis of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, their therapeutic potential to prevent graft rejection, and to further improve their long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul W Ansari
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter C Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Catakovic K, Klieser E, Neureiter D, Geisberger R. T cell exhaustion: from pathophysiological basics to tumor immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:1. [PMID: 28073373 PMCID: PMC5225559 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is capable of distinguishing between danger- and non-danger signals, thus inducing either an appropriate immune response against pathogens and cancer or inducing self-tolerance to avoid autoimmunity and immunopathology. One of the mechanisms that have evolved to prevent destruction by the immune system, is to functionally silence effector T cells, termed T cell exhaustion, which is also exploited by viruses and cancers for immune escape In this review, we discuss some of the phenotypic markers associated with T cell exhaustion and we summarize current strategies to reinvigorate exhausted T cells by blocking these surface marker using monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Catakovic
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria. .,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang WD, Gao YC, Lu YB, Zhang JA, Liu GB, Kong B, Xiang WY, Dai YC, Yu SY, Jia Y, Fu XX, Yi LL, Zheng BY, Chen ZW, Zhong J, Xu JF. BTLA-expressing CD11c antigen presenting cells in patients with active tuberculosis exhibit low capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation. Cell Immunol 2016; 311:28-35. [PMID: 27717503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite past extensive studies on B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-mediated negative regulation of T cell activation, the role of BTLA in antigen presenting cells (APCs) in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that BTLA expression on CD11c APCs increased in patients with ATB. Particularly, BTLA expression in CD11c APCs was likely associated with the attenuated stimulatory capacity on T cells (especially CD8+ T cell) proliferation. BTLA-expressing CD11c APCs showed lower antigen uptake capacity, lower CD86 expression, higher HLA-DR expression, and enhanced IL-6 secretion, compared to counterpart BTLA negative CD11c APCs in healthy controls (HC). Interestingly, BTLA-expressing CD11c APCs from ATB patients displayed lower expression of HLA-DR and less IL-6 secretion, but higher expression of CD86 than those from HC volunteers. Mixed lymphocyte reaction suggests that BTLA expression is likely associated with positive rather than conventional negative regulation of CD11c APCs stimulatory capacity. This role is impaired in ATB patients manifested by low expression of HLA-DR and low production of IL-6. This previous unappreciated role for BTLA may have implications in the prevention and treatment of patients with ATB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Gao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6thHospital, Dongguan 523008, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - You-Chao Dai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shi-Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Fu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6thHospital, Dongguan 523008, China
| | - Bin-Ying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kannan S, Kurupati RK, Doyle SA, Freeman GJ, Schmader KE, Ertl HCJ. BTLA expression declines on B cells of the aged and is associated with low responsiveness to the trivalent influenza vaccine. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19445-55. [PMID: 26277622 PMCID: PMC4637297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibody and B cell responses to influenza A viruses were measured in 35 aged and 28 middle-aged individuals following vaccination with the 2012 and 2013 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines. Antibody responses to the vaccine strains were lower in the aged. An analysis of B cell subsets by flow cytometry with stains for immunoregulators showed that B cells of multiple subsets from the aged as compared to younger human subjects showed differences in the expression of the co-inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). Expression of BTLA inversely correlated with age and appears to be linked to shifting the nature of the response from IgM to IgG. High BTLA expression on mature B cells was linked to higher IgG responses to the H1N1 virus. Finally, high BTLA expression on isotype switched memory B cells was linked to better preservation of virus neutralizing antibody titers and improved recall responses to vaccination given the following year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kannan
- Biomedical Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Susan A Doyle
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakoda Y, Nagai T, Murata S, Mizuno Y, Kurosawa H, Shoda H, Morishige N, Yanai R, Sonoda KH, Tamada K. Pathogenic Function of Herpesvirus Entry Mediator in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Induction of Th1- and Th17-Type T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2947-54. [PMID: 26912321 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNFR superfamily, serves as a unique molecular switch to mediate both stimulatory and inhibitory cosignals, depending on its functions as a receptor or ligand interacting with multiple binding partners. In this study, we explored the cosignaling functions of HVEM in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a mouse model resembling human autoimmune uveitis conditions such as ocular sarcoidosis and Behcet disease. Our studies revealed that EAU severity significantly decreased in HVEM-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that stimulatory cosignals from the HVEM receptor are predominant in EAU. Further studies elucidated that the HVEM cosignal plays an important role in the induction of both Th1- and Th17-type pathogenic T cells in EAU, including differentiation of IL-17-producing αβ(+)γδ(-) conventional CD4(+) T cells. Mice lacking lymphotoxin-like, inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes : LIGHT), B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) or both LIGHT and BTLA are also less susceptible to EAU, indicating that LIGHT-HVEM and BTLA-HVEM interactions, two major molecular pathways mediating HVEM functions, are both important in determining EAU pathogenesis. Finally, blocking HVEM cosignals by antagonistic anti-HVEM Abs ameliorated EAU. Taken together, our studies revealed a novel function of the HVEM cosignaling molecule and its ligands in EAU pathogenesis through the induction of Th1- and Th17-type T cell responses and suggested that HVEM-related molecular pathways can be therapeutic targets in autoimmune uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Sakoda
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; and
| | - Tomohiko Nagai
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sizuka Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukari Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurosawa
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; and
| | - Hiromi Shoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Morishige
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ye Z, Deng B, Wang C, Zhang D, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Decreased B and T lymphocyte attenuator in Behcet's disease may trigger abnormal Th17 and Th1 immune responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20401. [PMID: 26841832 PMCID: PMC4740741 DOI: 10.1038/srep20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, systemic and recurrent inflammatory disease associated with hyperactive Th17 and Th1 immune responses. Recent studies have shown that B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) negatively regulates the immune response. In this study, we investigated whether BTLA activation could be exploited to inhibit the development of abnormal immune responses in BD patients. BTLA expression in PBMCs and CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased in active BD patients. Decreased BTLA level was associated with increased Th17 and Th1 responses. Activation of BTLA inhibited the abnormal Th17 and Th1 responses and IL-22 expression in both patients and controls. Addition of an agonistic anti-BTLA antibody remarkably inhibited DC-induced Th17 and Th1 cell responses, resulted in decreased production of the Th17 and Th1-related cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-23 and IL-12p70 and reduced CD40 expression in DCs. In conclusion, decreased BTLA expression in ocular BD may lead to inappropriate control of the Th17 and Th1 immune responses and DC functions. Therefore, BTLA may be involved in the development and recurrence of this disease. Agonistic agents of BTLA may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of BD and other inflammatory diseases mediated by abnormal Th17 and Th1 immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chaokui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Dike Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Le Mercier I, Lines JL, Noelle RJ. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators. Front Immunol 2015; 6:418. [PMID: 26347741 PMCID: PMC4544156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Mercier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Generated Report of the ORD BORM Model. ACTA INFORMATICA PRAGENSIA 2015. [DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
46
|
Sadighi Akha AA, McDermott AJ, Theriot CM, Carlson PE, Frank CR, McDonald RA, Falkowski NR, Bergin IL, Young VB, Huffnagle GB. Interleukin-22 and CD160 play additive roles in the host mucosal response to Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Immunology 2015; 144:587-97. [PMID: 25327211 PMCID: PMC4368165 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work has shown the significant up-regulation of Il22 and increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as part of the mucosal inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Others have shown that phosphorylation of STAT3 at mucosal surfaces includes interleukin-22 (IL-22) and CD160-mediated components. The current study sought to determine the potential role(s) of IL-22 and/or CD160 in the mucosal response to C. difficile infection. Clostridium difficile-infected mice treated with anti-IL-22, anti-CD160 or a combination of the two showed significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in comparison to C. difficile-infected mice that had not received either antibody. In addition, C. difficile-infected mice treated with anti-IL-22/CD160 induced a smaller set of genes, and at significantly lower levels than the untreated C. difficile-infected mice. The affected genes included pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and anti-microbial peptides. Furthermore, histopathological and flow cytometric assessments both showed a significantly reduced influx of neutrophils in C. difficile-infected mice treated with anti-IL-22/CD160. These data demonstrate that IL-22 and CD160 are together responsible for a significant fraction of the colonic STAT3 phosphorylation in C. difficile infection. They also underscore the additive effects of IL-22 and CD160 in mediating both the pro-inflammatory and pro-survival aspects of the host mucosal response in this infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Clostridioides difficile/immunology
- Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/genetics
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/immunology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/metabolism
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention & control
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Interleukin-22
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J McDermott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Casey M Theriot
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul E Carlson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles R Frank
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roderick A McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole R Falkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ingrid L Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang HX, Zhu B, Fu XX, Zeng JC, Zhang JA, Wang WD, Kong B, Xiang WY, Zhong J, Wang CY, Zheng XB, Xu JF. BTLA associates with increased Foxp3 expression in CD4(+) T cells in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1259-1269. [PMID: 25973010 PMCID: PMC4396267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, and its pathogenesis involves a variety of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors such as T helper cells and their secreted cytokines. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immunoregulatory receptor that has a strong suppressive effect on T-cell function. However the role of BTLA in UC remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrated that the frequency of BTLA-expressing CD3(+) T cells, especially CD4(+) T cells, increased in blood and mucosa in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The frequency of Foxp3-expressing cells in BTLA+ CD4(+) T cell from lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) was much higher in DSS-treated mice than that in controls. Similarly, the proportion of IL-17+ cells in BTLA+ CD4(+) T cells from LPMCs in DSS-treated mice is much higher than that in controls, while no perceptible difference for the proportion of IFN-γ+ cells in BTLA+ CD4(+) T cells was noted between DSS-treated mice and controls. Treatment of mesalazine, an anti-ulcerative colitis drug, down-regulated Foxp3 and IL-17 expression in BTLA positive T cells along with attenuated severity for colitis. Our findings indicate that BTLA may be involved in the control of inflammatory responses through increasing Foxp3 expression, rather than attenuating IL-17 production, in DSS-induced colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical College1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 422 Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyZhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhangjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical College1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical College1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical College1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue-Bao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhangjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical College1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Breloer M, Hartmann W, Blankenhaus B, Eschbach ML, Pfeffer K, Jacobs T. Cutting Edge: the BTLA-HVEM regulatory pathway interferes with protective immunity to intestinal Helminth infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1413-6. [PMID: 25595777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helminths exploit intrinsic regulatory pathways of the mammalian immune system to dampen the immune response directed against them. In this article, we show that infection with the parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti induced upregulation of the coinhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) predominantly on CD4(+) T cells but also on a small fraction of innate leukocytes. Deficiency of either BTLA or its ligand herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) resulted in reduced numbers of parasitic adults in the small intestine and reduced larval output throughout infection. Reduced parasite burden in BTLA- and HVEM-deficient mice was accompanied by accelerated degranulation of mucosal mast cells and increased Ag-specific production of the mast cell-activating cytokine IL-9. Our combined results support a model whereby BTLA on CD4(+) T cells and additional innate leukocytes is triggered by HVEM and delivers negative signals into BTLA(+) cells, thereby interfering with the protective immune response to this intestinal parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minka Breloer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Šedý J, Bekiaris V, Ware CF. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily in innate immunity and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 7:a016279. [PMID: 25524549 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and its corresponding receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) form communication pathways required for developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. Although this receptor-ligand system operates between many different cell types and organ systems, many of these proteins play specific roles in immune system function. The TNFSF and TNFRSF proteins lymphotoxins, LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator [HVEM], a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), lymphotoxin-β receptor (LT-βR), and HVEM are used by embryonic and adult innate lymphocytes to promote the development and homeostasis of lymphoid organs. Lymphotoxin-expressing innate-acting B cells construct microenvironments in lymphoid organs that restrict pathogen spread and initiate interferon defenses. Recent results illustrate how the communication networks formed among these cytokines and the coreceptors B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160 both inhibit and activate innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), innate γδ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Understanding the role of TNFSF/TNFRSF and interacting proteins in innate cells will likely reveal avenues for future therapeutics for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Šedý
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Vasileios Bekiaris
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang Y, Ertl HCJ. The effect of adjuvanting cancer vaccines with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D on melanoma-driven CD8+ T cell exhaustion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:1836-46. [PMID: 25024391 PMCID: PMC4254702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two vaccines expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes of melanoma-associated Ags (MAAs) by a chimpanzee-derived replication-defective AdC68 vector were compared in a mouse model of melanoma. In one vaccine, termed AdC68-gDMelapoly, the epitopes were expressed as a fusion protein within HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD), which blocks immunoinhibitory signaling through the herpes virus entry mediator pathway. The other vaccine, termed AdC68-Melapoly, expressed only the MAA epitopes. AdC68-gDMelapoly induced more potent MAA-specific CD8(+) T cell responses especially to the subdominant MAA epitopes. Upon prophylactic vaccination, mice that developed CD8(+) T cell responses to the two vaccines that were comparable in magnitude showed equal protection against tumor challenge. When mice were first challenged with tumor cells and then vaccinated results differed. In animals with comparable CD8(+) T cell responses, the AdC68-gDMelapoly vaccine was more efficacious compared with the AdC68-Melapoly vaccine in delaying tumor growth. This effect was linked to reduced expression of 2B4, LAG-3, and programmed death-1 on tumor-infiltrating MAA-specific CD8(+) T cells elicited by the gD-adjuvanted vaccine, suggesting that CD8(+) T cells induced in presence of gD are less susceptible to tumor-driven exhaustion.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/prevention & control
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Hildegund C J Ertl
- Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Wistar Institute Vaccine Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|