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Kalpakoff M, Hund S, Musser J, Roach C, Apostolaki A, Vilardo M, Peltz L, Watts B, LaPlaca C, Tabuena-Frolli S, DiMaio MA, Welcher R, Kulangara K. Intrapatient Tumor Heterogeneity in IHC Interpretation Using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:667-673. [PMID: 33973887 PMCID: PMC8505133 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity may impact immunohistochemical (IHC) interpretation, thus potentially affecting decision making by treating oncologists for cancer patient management. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) IHC 22C3 pharmDx is a companion diagnostic used as an aid in identifying patient eligibility for treatment with pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA). This study aims to investigate tumor heterogeneity impact on IHC staining when evaluating PD-L1 expression using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. The effect of tumor heterogeneity was evaluated based on the PD-L1 diagnostic status of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx stained tumor tissue sections at relevant diagnostic cutoffs for non-small cell lung carcinoma, gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer and triple negative breast cancer. Overall agreement for the PD-L1 diagnostic status was assessed for each tumor type within a given specimen block (Intra-Block), between specimen blocks from the same surgical resection (Intra-Case), and between intrapatient primary and metastatic specimens. Intrablock and intracase point estimates were above 75%, and primary versus metastatic point estimates were above 50%. The results suggest that PD-L1 expression is consistent across cut sections through a minimum of 150 µm within a tissue block and between blocks from the same surgical resection and is significantly maintained across primary and metastatic blocks from the same patient despite changes to the tissue microenvironment. These data provide confidence for histopathologists and oncologists that evaluation of PD-L1 expression at clinically relevant cutoffs is reproducible among different assessments (or samplings) of a single tumor specimen.
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2
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Levite M, Safadi R, Milgrom Y, Massarwa M, Galun E. Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides decrease PD-1 in T cells of healthy subjects and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and increase their proliferation and eradication of HCC cells. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102159. [PMID: 34293596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
T cells of aged people, and of patients with either cancer or severe infections (including COVID-19), are often exhausted, senescent and dysfunctional, leading to increased susceptibilities, complications and mortality. Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides bind their receptors in T cells, and induce multiple beneficial T cell functions. Yet, T cells of different people vary in the expression levels of Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide receptors, and in the magnitude of the corresponding effects. Therefore, we performed an individual-based study on T cells of 3 healthy subjects, and 3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients. HCC usually develops due to chronic inflammation. The inflamed liver induces reduction and inhibition of CD4+ T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Immune-based therapies for HCC are urgently needed. We tested if selected Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides decrease the key checkpoint protein PD-1 in human T cells, and increase proliferation and killing of HCC cells. First, we confirmed human T cells express all dopamine receptors (DRs), and glutamate receptors (GluRs): AMPA-GluR3, NMDA-R and mGluR. Second, we discovered that either Dopamine, Glutamate, GnRH-II, Neuropeptide Y and/or CGRP (10nM), as well as DR and GluR agonists, induced the following effects: 1. Decreased significantly both %PD-1+ T cells and PD-1 expression level per cell (up to 60% decrease, within 1 h only); 2. Increased significantly the number of T cells that proliferated in the presence of HCC cells (up to 7 fold increase), 3. Increased significantly T cell killing of HCC cells (up to 2 fold increase). 4. Few non-conventional combinations of Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides had surprising synergistic beneficial effects. We conclude that Dopamine, Glutamate, GnRH-II, Neuropeptide Y and CGRP, alone or in combinations, can decrease % PD-1+ T cells and PD-1 expression per cell, in T cells of both healthy subjects and HCC patients, and increase their proliferation in response to HCC cells and killing of HCC cells. Yet, testing T cells of many more cancer patients is absolutely needed. Based on these findings and previous ones, we designed a novel "Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy", calling for validation of safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Levite
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- The Liver Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yael Milgrom
- The Liver Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Muhammad Massarwa
- The Liver Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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3
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Shahi M, Mamber Czeresnia R, Cheek EH, Quinton RA, Chakraborty R, Enninga EAL. Expression of Immune Checkpoint Receptors in Placentae With Infectious and Non-Infectious Chronic Villitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705219. [PMID: 34394102 PMCID: PMC8361490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an immunological paradox whereby maternal immunity accepts a genetically unique fetus (or fetuses), while maintaining protective innate and adaptive responses to infectious pathogens. This close contact between the genetically diverse mother and fetus requires numerous mechanisms of immune tolerance initiated by trophoblast cell signals. However, in a placental condition known as villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), there appears to be a breakdown in this tolerance allowing maternal cytotoxic T-cells to traffic into the placenta to destroy fetal villi. VUE is associated with several gestational complications and an increased risk of recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy, making it a significant obstetrical diagnosis. The cause of VUE remains unclear, but dysfunctional signaling through immune checkpoint pathways, which have a critical role in blunting immune responses, may play an important role. Therefore, using placental tissue from normal pregnancy (n=8), VUE (n=8) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected placentae (n=4), we aimed to identify differences in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), LAG3 and CTLA4 expression between these etiologies by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results demonstrated significantly lower expression of PD-L1 on trophoblast cells from VUE placentae compared to control and CMV infection. Additionally, we observed significantly higher counts of PD-1+ (>100 cells/image) and LAG3+ (0-120 cells/image) cells infiltrating into the villi during VUE compared to infection and control. Minimal CTLA4 staining was observed in all placentae, with only a few Hofbauer cells staining positive. Together, this suggests that a loss of tolerance through immune checkpoint signaling may be an important mechanism leading to the activation and trafficking of maternal cells into fetal villi during VUE. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to understand possible allograft rejection more clearly and in developing effective strategies to prevent this condition from occurring in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ricardo Mamber Czeresnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - E. Heidi Cheek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Reade A. Quinton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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Anurag M, Zhu M, Huang C, Vasaikar S, Wang J, Hoog J, Burugu S, Gao D, Suman V, Zhang XH, Zhang B, Nielsen T, Ellis MJ. Immune Checkpoint Profiles in Luminal B Breast Cancer (Alliance). J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:737-746. [PMID: 31665365 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancer outcome is less influenced by lymphocyte content, indicating the presence of immune tolerance mechanisms that may be specific to this disease subset. METHODS A supervised analysis of microarray data from the ACOSOG Z1031 (Alliance) neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) trial identified upregulated genes in Luminal (Lum) B breast cancers that correlated with AI-resistant tumor proliferation (percentage of Ki67-positive cancer nuclei, Pearson r > 0.4) (33 cases Ki67 > 10% on AI) vs LumB breast cancers that were more AI sensitive (33 cases Ki67 < 10% on AI). Overrepresentation analysis was performed using WebGestalt. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Thirty candidate genes positively correlated (r ≥ 0.4) with AI-resistant proliferation in LumB and were upregulated greater than twofold. Gene ontologies identified that the targetable immune checkpoint (IC) components IDO1, LAG3, and PD1 were overrepresented resistance candidates (P ≤ .001). High IDO1 mRNA was associated with poor prognosis in LumB disease (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium, hazard ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.98, P = .03). IDO1 also statistically significantly correlated with STAT1 at protein level in LumB disease (Pearson r = 0.74). As a composite immune tolerance signature, expression of IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway components was associated with higher baseline Ki67, lower estrogen, and progesterone receptor mRNA levels and worse disease-specific survival (P = .002). In a tissue microarray analysis, IDO1 was observed in stromal cells and tumor-associated macrophages, with a higher incidence in LumB cases. Furthermore, IDO1 expression was associated with a macrophage mRNA signature (M1 by CIBERSORT Pearson r = 0.62 ) and by tissue microarray analysis. CONCLUSIONS Targetable IC components are upregulated in the majority of endocrine therapy-resistant LumB cases. Our findings provide rationale for IC inhibition in poor-outcome ER-positive breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Letrozole/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Up-Regulation
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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Vicier C, Ravi P, Kwak L, Werner L, Huang Y, Evan C, Loda M, Hamid AA, Sweeney CJ. Association between CD8 and PD-L1 expression and outcomes after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:50-57. [PMID: 32986884 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of markers of both immune suppression and activation may provide more prognostic information than assessment of single markers in localized prostate cancer. We therefore sought to determine the association between CD8 and PD-L1 expression in localized prostate tumors and biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed on 109 men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 1991 and 2008. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of six immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, FOXP3). Quantitative multispectral imaging analysis was used to calculate the density of each marker, which was dichotomized by the median as "high" or "low." Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to analyze associations between immune marker densities and time to BCR and MFS. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 55 (51%) and 39 (36%) men developed BCR and metastases, respectively. Median time to BCR was shorter in men with low CD8 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.27 [1.27-4.08]) and high PD-L1 expression (HR = 2.03 [1.17-3.53]). While neither low CD8 or high PD-L1 alone were independent predictors of BCR or MFS on multivariable analysis, men with low CD8 and/or high PD-L1 had a significantly shorter time to BCR (median 3.5 years vs. NR) and MFS (median 10.8 vs. 18.4 years) compared to those with high CD8 and low PD-L1 expression. The main limitation is the retrospective and singe-center nature of the study. CONCLUSION The presence of higher CD8 and lower PD-L1 expression in prostatectomy specimens was associated a low risk of biochemical relapse and metastatic disease. These findings are hypothesis-generating and further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Vicier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Praful Ravi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Werner
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolyn Evan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anis A Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kotwal A, Gustafson MP, Bornschlegl S, Kottschade L, Delivanis DA, Dietz AB, Gandhi M, Ryder M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Thyroiditis Is Associated with Increased Intrathyroidal T Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Thyroid 2020; 30:1440-1450. [PMID: 32323619 PMCID: PMC7583332 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) frequently cause thyroid dysfunction but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated increased circulating natural killer (NK) cells and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR surface expression on inflammatory intermediate CD14+CD16+ monocytes in programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor-treated patients. This study characterizes intrathyroidal and circulating immune cells and class II HLA in ICI-induced thyroiditis. Methods: This is a single-center prospective cohort study of 10 patients with ICI-induced thyroiditis by flow cytometry of thyroid fine needle aspirates (n = 9) and peripheral blood (n = 7) as compared with healthy thyroid samples (n = 5) and healthy volunteer blood samples (n = 44); HLA class II was tested in n = 9. Results: ICI-induced thyroiditis samples demonstrated overall increased T lymphocytes (61.3% vs. 20.1%, p = 0.00006), CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes (1.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.006), and, as a percent of T lymphocytes, increased CD8+T lymphocytes (38.6% vs. 25.7%; p = 0.0259) as compared with healthy thyroid samples. PD-1 inhibitor-induced thyroiditis had increased CD4+PD1+ T lymphocytes (40.4% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.021) and CD8+PD1+ T lymphocytes (28.8% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.038) in the thyroid compared with the blood. Circulating NK cells, certain T lymphocytes (CD4+CD8+, CD4-CD8- T, gamma-delta), and intermediate monocytes were increased in ICI-induced thyroiditis. Six patients typed as HLA-DR4-DR53 and three as HLA-DR15. Conclusions: ICI-induced thyroiditis is a T lymphocyte-mediated process with intra-thyroidal predominance of CD8+ and CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes. The HLA haplotypes may be involved but need further evaluation. These findings expand the limited understanding of ICI-induced thyroiditis, which could be further translated to guide immunomodulatory therapies for advanced thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kotwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael P. Gustafson
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Svetlana Bornschlegl
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Kottschade
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danae A. Delivanis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manish Gandhi
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Address correspondence to: Mabel Ryder, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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7
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Checkpoint inhibitors have been proposed for sepsis following reports of increased checkpoint molecule expression in septic patients. To determine whether clinical studies investigating checkpoint molecule expression provide strong evidence supporting trials of checkpoint inhibitors for sepsis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, inception through October 2019. STUDY SELECTION Studies comparing checkpoint molecule expression in septic patients versus healthy controls or critically ill nonseptic patients or in sepsis nonsurvivors versus survivors. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators extracted data and evaluated study quality. DATA SYNTHESIS Thirty-six studies were retrieved. Across 26 studies, compared with healthy controls, septic patients had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased CD4+ lymphocyte programmed death-1 and monocyte programmed death-ligand-1 expression in most studies. Other checkpoint molecule expressions were variable and studied less frequently. Across 11 studies, compared with critically ill nonseptic, septic patients had significantly increased checkpoint molecule expression in three or fewer studies. Septic patients had higher severity of illness scores, comorbidities, and mortality in three studies providing analysis. Across 12 studies, compared with septic survivors, nonsurvivors had significantly increased expression of any checkpoint molecule on any cell type in five or fewer studies. Of all 36 studies, none adjusted for nonseptic covariates reported to increase checkpoint molecule expression. CONCLUSIONS Although sepsis may increase some checkpoint molecule expression compared with healthy controls, the data are limited and inconsistent. Further, data from the more informative patient comparisons are potentially confounded by severity of illness. These clinical checkpoint molecule expression studies do not yet provide a strong rationale for trials of checkpoint inhibitor therapy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Busch
- All authors: Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Scharf L, Tauriainen J, Buggert M, Hartogensis W, Nolan DJ, Deeks SG, Salemi M, Hecht FM, Karlsson AC. Delayed Expression of PD-1 and TIGIT on HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells in Untreated HLA-B*57:01 Individuals Followed from Early Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e02128-19. [PMID: 32350076 PMCID: PMC7343205 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02128-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the relationship of protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles and HIV progression is well defined, the interaction of HLA-mediated protection and CD8 T-cell exhaustion is less well characterized. To gain insight into the influence of HLA-B*57:01 on the deterioration of CD8 T-cell responses during HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral treatment, we compared HLA-B*57:01-restricted HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses to responses restricted by other HLA class I alleles longitudinally after control of peak viremia. Detailed characterization of polyfunctionality, differentiation phenotypes, transcription factor, and inhibitory receptor expression revealed progression of CD8 T-cell exhaustion over the course of the infection in both patient groups. However, early effects on the phenotype of the total CD8 T-cell population were apparent only in HLA-B*57-negative patients. The HLA-B*57:01-restricted, HIV epitope-specific CD8 T-cell responses showed beneficial functional patterns and significantly lower frequencies of inhibitory receptor expression, i.e., PD-1 and coexpression of PD-1 and TIGIT, within the first year of infection. Coexpression of PD-1 and TIGIT was correlated with clinical markers of disease progression and declining percentages of the T-bethi Eomesdim CD8 T-cell population. In accordance with clinical and immunological deterioration in the HLA-B*57:01 group, the difference in PD-1 and TIGIT receptor expression did not persist to later stages of the disease.IMPORTANCE Given the synergistic nature of TIGIT and PD-1, the coexpression of those inhibitory receptors should be considered when evaluating T-cell pathogenesis, developing immunomodulatory therapies or vaccines for HIV, and when using immunotherapy or vaccination for other causes in HIV-infected patients. HIV-mediated T-cell exhaustion influences the patient´s disease progression, immune system and subsequently non-AIDS complications, and efficacy of vaccinations against other pathogens. Consequently, the possibilities of interfering with exhaustion are numerous. Expanding the use of immunomodulatory therapies to include HIV treatment depends on information about possible targets and their role in the deterioration of the immune system. Furthermore, the rise of immunotherapies against cancer and elevated cancer incidence in HIV-infected patients together increase the need for detailed knowledge of T-cell exhaustion and possible interactions. A broader approach to counteract immune exhaustion to alleviate complications and improve efficacy of other vaccines also promises to increase patients' health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Scharf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Tauriainen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David J Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Bioinfoexperts LLC, Alachua, Florida, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annika C Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Du B, Wen X, Wang Y, Lin M, Lai J. Gemcitabine and checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic anti-tumor effects in a model of murine lung carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106694. [PMID: 32570034 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer death in the world. Chemotherapy is currently one of the standard treatments for lung cancer. Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside drug which has been approved by FDA to treat lung cancer. However, acquired resistance inevitable develops after Gemcitabine treatment, limiting clinical efficacy. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were treated with Gemcitabine and cell apoptosis and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. LLC mouse model was established to analysis the proportion and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression of CD8 + T cells. Anti-tumor effect by treating with Gemcitabine and anti-PD-1 antibody was measured through in vivo LLC mouse model. Gemcitabine treatment induces tumor cell apoptosis and PD-L1 expression. Further study showed that Gemcitabine treatment also increases CD8+ and CD4+ T cells proportion, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in LLC mouse model. Combination therapy with Gemcitabine and αPD-1 not only has strong anti-tumor effect, but also could inhibit postsurgical recurrence of LLC. Our findings demonstrated that the combination therapy of Gemcitabine and αPD-1 is an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojiao Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Mengxin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhuo Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
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Onuma AE, Zhang H, Huang H, Williams TM, Noonan A, Tsung A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Cancer: Current Understanding on Mechanisms of Resistance and Biomarkers of Response to Treatment. Gene Expr 2020; 20:53-65. [PMID: 32340652 PMCID: PMC7284108 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15880179864121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy worldwide and a leading cause of death worldwide. Its incidence continues to increase in the US due to hepatitis C infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver transplantation and resection remain the best therapeutic options for cure, but these are limited by the shortage of available organs for transplantation, diagnosis at advanced stage, and underlying chronic liver disease found in most patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be an evolving novel treatment option in certain advanced solid tumors and have been recently approved for inoperable, advanced, and metastatic HCC. Unfortunately, a large cohort of patients with HCC fail to respond to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the ICIs currently approved for HCC treatment and their various mechanisms of action. We will highlight current understanding of mechanism of resistance and limitations to ICIs. Finally, we will describe emerging biomarkers of response to ICIs and address future direction on overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amblessed E. Onuma
- *Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- *Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- †Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- *Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- ‡Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne Noonan
- §Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- *Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Ren Y, Lv Q, Yue W, Liu B, Zou Z. The programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, CD3+ T cell infiltration, NY-ESO-1 expression, and microsatellite instability phenotype in primary cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanoma and their clinical significance and prognostic value: a study of 89 consecutive cases. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:85-101. [PMID: 31095042 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and NY-ESO-1 antigen; the infiltration of CD3+ T cells; and the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype, as well as the relationship of each factor to survival in malignant melanoma patients. Malignant melanoma samples from 89 patients were stained by immunohistochemistry to evaluate PD-1, PD-L1, CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), NY-ESO-1, and MSI. PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in 19.1 and 32.6% of the 89 samples, respectively. There was a significant correlation between PD-1 and PD-L1 expression (r = 0.207, P = 0.046). High infiltration of CD3+ T cells was observed in 41.6% of the samples, and increased cell infiltration was associated with increased PD-1 expression (P = 0.001). NY-ESO-1 antigen was detected in 13.5% of all samples, and the expression of NY-ESO-1 was positively correlated with the expression of PD-1 (P < 0.001). In our research, MSI was detected in 18 samples (20.2%). Survival analysis showed that a high infiltration of CD3+ T cells was related to longer progression-free survival (PFS) [24.0 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4-40.6 vs. 11.0 months, 95% CI: 7.1-12.9, P = 0.031], similarly, the median overall survival (OS) of the CD3+ T cell high-infiltration patients was also longer (53.0 vs. 38.0 months), but with no statistical significance (P = 0.200). The results for the immune markers mentioned above provide a theoretical basis for the prognosis and immunotherapy selection of malignant melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Qing Lv
- Yi Xing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Wuheng Yue
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
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Tomé M, Pappalardo A, Soulet F, López JJ, Olaizola J, Leger Y, Dubreuil M, Mouchard A, Fessart D, Delom F, Pitard V, Bechade D, Fonck M, Rosado JA, Ghiringhelli F, Déchanet-Merville J, Soubeyran I, Siegfried G, Evrard S, Khatib AM. Inactivation of Proprotein Convertases in T Cells Inhibits PD-1 Expression and Creates a Favorable Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5008-5021. [PMID: 31358531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertases (PC) activate precursor proteins that play crucial roles in various cancers. In this study, we investigated whether PC enzyme activity is required for expression of the checkpoint protein programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in colon cancer. Although altered expression of the PC secretory pathway was observed in human colon cancers, only furin showed highly diffuse expression throughout the tumors. Inhibition of PCs in T cells using the general protein-based inhibitor α1-PDX or the pharmacologic inhibitor Decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone repressed PD-1 and exhausted CTLs via induction of T-cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition, which improved CTL efficacy against microsatellite instable and microsatellite stable colon cancer cells. In vivo, inhibition of PCs enhanced CTL infiltration in colorectal tumors and increased tumor clearance in syngeneic mice compared with immunodeficient mice. Inhibition of PCs repressed PD-1 expression by blocking proteolytic maturation of the Notch precursor, inhibiting calcium/NFAT and NF-κB signaling, and enhancing ERK activation. These findings define a key role for PCs in regulating PD-1 expression and suggest targeting PCs as an adjunct approach to colorectal tumor immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Protein convertase enzymatic activity is required for PD-1 expression on T cells, and inhibition of protein convertase improves T-cell targeting of microsatellite instable and stable colorectal cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/19/5008/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Tomé
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- INSERM UMR1029, Pessac, France
| | - Angela Pappalardo
- ImmunoConcept, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabienne Soulet
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR1029, Pessac, France
| | - José Javier López
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jone Olaizola
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR1029, Pessac, France
| | - Yannick Leger
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR1029, Pessac, France
| | | | - Amandine Mouchard
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Fessart
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1218, ACTION, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Delom
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1218, ACTION, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcept, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Juan Antonio Rosado
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Serge Evrard
- Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR1029, Pessac, France
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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Mikami S, Mizuno R, Kondo T, Shinohara N, Nonomura N, Ozono S, Eto M, Tatsugami K, Takayama T, Matsuyama H, Kishida T, Oya M. Clinical significance of programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1820-1828. [PMID: 30972888 PMCID: PMC6550131 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immunotherapy based on blocking immune checkpoints with programmed death-1 (PD-1) or PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Abs has been introduced for the treatment of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), especially tumors resistant to vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs), but the significance of their expression in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. We investigated these immune checkpoint markers in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in the tumor microenvironment of 100 untreated and 25 VEGF-TKI-treated primary ccRCC tissues. Upregulated expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 by TIIC, and PD-L1 by tumor cells was associated with the histological grade and unfavorable prognosis of RCC patients. High PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by TIIC was associated with a poorer response to VEGF-TKI, whereas PD-L1 expression by tumor cells did not affect the efficacy of the treatment. Furthermore, increased PD-1-positive TIIC and PD-L1-positive TIIC were observed in tumors treated with VEGF-TKIs compared with those in untreated tumors. Our data suggest that PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by TIIC in the tumor microenvironment is involved in treatment resistance, and that sequential therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ccRCC resistant to VEGF-TKI treatment.
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Grants
- 15H04977 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16K08657 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 17K11159 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 19K07468 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of UrologyTokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center EastTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Genitourinary SurgeryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of UrologyOsaka University School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Seiichiro Ozono
- Department of UrologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of UrologyFaculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | | | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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14
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Holland BC, Sood A, Delfino K, Dynda DI, Ran S, Freed N, Alanee S. Age and sex have no impact on expression levels of markers of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint pathways in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:991-997. [PMID: 30997535 PMCID: PMC11028177 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced age and female sex have been associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A reduced immune response has been implicated as a mechanism. The objective of our study was to analyze the expression patterns of various cellular proteins active in bladder cancer immune pathways, and assess the correlation between age, sex, and the expression of these immune markers. METHODS We obtained surgical tissue samples from equally distributed male/female patients with/without lymph node metastasis who had undergone radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder (n = 50). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3 (cluster of differentiation), CD4, CD8, CD56, LAG-3 (lymphocyte-activation gene), TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain), PD-1 (programmed death) and PD-L1 molecules was performed and scored by a single pathologist (high versus low). Spearman's correlation and Chi square tests investigated the association between age, sex, and IHC results. RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 67 years (range 50-78 years); all patients were Caucasians. The following percent of patients scored high for a stain: 18% CD3, 10% CD4, 0% CD8, 0% CD56, 20% LAG-3, 4% TIM-3, 0% PD-1 and 0% PD-L1. There was no association between patients' age, sex, and the expression of any of the immune markers (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The association between advanced age, female sex, and worse outcomes in bladder cancer may be independent of the immune pathways active in the disease that we examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Holland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- VCORE-Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics, and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Danuta I Dynda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Freed
- Pathology Associates of Central Illinois, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shaheen Alanee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
- VCORE-Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics, and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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15
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Yang M, Dou WW, Sun GH, Zhang YL, Su Y, Xie RZ. Programmed cell death-1 in patients with primary liver cancer and its effect on prognosis. J BUON 2019; 24:1167-1174. [PMID: 31424675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with primary liver cancer and its effect on their prognosis. METHODS The medical records of 42 patients with primary liver cancer, 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 38 healthy volunteers composed the liver cancer group, benign lesion group and control group, respectively. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for detecting the expression level of PD-1 mRNA in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of subjects in the three groups, and flow cytometry was used for detecting the positive expression of PD-l protein on the surface of T lymphocytes of subjects. RESULTS Patients in the control group and the benign lesion group had lower expression level of PD-1 mRNA than those in the liver cancer group (p<0.05). Patients in the control group had lower expression level of PD-1 mRNA than those in the benign lesion group (p<0.05). Patients in the control group and the benign lesion group had lower positive expression rate of PD-1 protein on the surface of T lymphocytes than those in the liver cancer group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of PD-1 in the peripheral blood was higher in patients with primary liver cancer. Patients in the PD-1 low expression group had significantly better prognosis than those in the PD-1 high expression group. PD-1 may be related to the occurrence and development of primary liver cancer and is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, P.R. China
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16
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Thangarajah F, Morgenstern B, Pahmeyer C, Schiffmann LM, Puppe J, Mallmann P, Hamacher S, Buettner R, Alidousty C, Holz B, Scheel AH, Schultheis AM. Clinical impact of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in squamous cell cancer of the vulva. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1651-1660. [PMID: 30972492 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (SQCV) is the fifth most common cancer in women and accounts for about 5% of all genital cancers in women. The PD-L1 signaling pathway is activated in many malignant neoplasms and its blockade enhances anti-cancer immunity. The aim of our study was to examine the protein expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in squamous cell cancer of the vulva, its correlations with clinicopathologic features and prognostic value. METHODS Patients with SQCV treated in one institution were used for the analyses. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was performed on 4 µm-thick section of the respective FFPE tissue blocks using the 28-8 antibody. PD-L1 scoring was performed separately for tumour cells (TC) and tumour associated immune cells. DNA was extracted to determine HPV status. Kaplan-Meier estimates for disease-free-survival and overall-survival were calculated and compared by log-rank test. RESULTS PD-L1 expression in tumour cells could be observed in 32.9% of the patients. The expression of PD-L1 in peritumoural immune cells was confirmed in 91.4% of the patients. A significant correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and tumour stage was detected (p = 0.007). PD-L1 expression was independent from HPV status. Using the log-rank test we could not prove any significant differences in disease-free survival (p = 0.434) and overall survival (p = 0.858). Regression analysis showed that nodal status is a predictive factor of survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study showed that a relevant amount of patients with squamous cell cancer of the vulva express PD-L1 in both, tumour cells and tumour-associated immune cells. Furthermore, the significant correlation of PD-L1 expression in TCs with tumour stage indicated the clinical impact of PD-L1 expression during tumour development. These data indicate that SQCV might be amenable to immune checkpoint-inhibition and constitute a rational for the future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabinshy Thangarajah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Caroline Pahmeyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Mortimer Schiffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Puppe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hamacher
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Alidousty
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Holz
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas H Scheel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Maria Schultheis
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Lee JW, Zhang Y, Eoh KJ, Sharma R, Sanmamed MF, Wu J, Choi J, Park HS, Iwasaki A, Kaftan E, Chen L, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Herbst RS, Koo JS. The Combination of MEK Inhibitor With Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting Programmed Death 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Results in Prolonged Survival in Kras/p53-Driven Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1046-1060. [PMID: 30771521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune cells population in Kras/tumor protein 53 (Trp53)-driven lung tumors and to evaluate the combinatorial antitumor effect with MEK inhibitor (MEKi), trametinib, and immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting either programmed death -1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in vivo. METHODS Trp53FloxFlox;KrasG12D/+;Rosa26LSL-Luciferase/LSL-Luciferase (PKL) genetically engineered mice were used to develop autochthonous lung tumors with intratracheal delivery of adenoviral Cre recombinase. Using these tumor-bearing lungs, tumor-infiltrating immune cells were characterized by both mass cytometry and flow cytometry. PKL-mediated immunocompetent syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer mouse models were treated with MEKi alone as well as in combination with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs. Tumor growth and survival outcome were assessed. Finally, immune cell populations within spleens and tumors were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were significantly augmented in PKL-driven lung tumors compared to normal lungs of tumor-free mice. PD-L1 expression appeared to be highly positive in both lung tumor cells and, particularly MDSCs. The combinatory administration of MEKi with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs synergistically increased antitumor response and survival outcome compared with single-agent therapy in both the PKL-mediated syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer models. Theses combinational treatments resulted in significant increases of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas attenuation of CD11b+/Gr-1high MDSCs, in particular, Ly6Ghigh polymorphonuclear-MDSCs in the syngeneic model. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for untargetable Kras/p53-driven lung cancers with synergy between targeted therapy using MEKi and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyung Jin Eoh
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jenny Wu
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Justin Choi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward Kaftan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vali Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Developmental Therapeutics Translational Research Program, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.
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18
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Edlund K, Madjar K, Mattsson JSM, Djureinovic D, Lindskog C, Brunnström H, Koyi H, Brandén E, Jirström K, Pontén F, Rahnenführer J, Micke P, Hengstler JG. Prognostic Impact of Tumor Cell Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:628-640. [PMID: 30639618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infiltration of T and B/plasma cells has been linked to NSCLC prognosis, but this has not been thoroughly investigated in relation to the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here, we determine the association of lymphocytes and PD-L1 with overall survival (OS) in two retrospective cohorts of operated NSCLC patients who were not treated with checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death 1/PD-L1 axis. Moreover, we evaluate how PD-L1 positivity and clinicopathologic factors affect the prognostic association of lymphocytes. METHODS Cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 (CD3)-, CD8-, CD4-, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-, CD20-, CD79A-, and immunoglobulin kappa constant (IGKC)-positive immune cells, and tumor PD-L1 positivity, were determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n = 705). Affymetrix data was analyzed for a patient subset, and supplemented with publicly available transcriptomics data (N = 1724). Associations with OS were assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots and uni- and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS Higher levels of T and B plasma cells were associated with longer OS (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, for CD8 and IGKC, respectively). Highly proliferative tumors with few lymphocytes had the worst outcome. No association of PD-L1 positivity with OS was observed in a nonstratified patient population; however, a significant association with shorter OS was observed in never-smokers (p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, 5% and 50% cutoff). Lymphocyte infiltration was not associated with OS in PD-L1-positive tumors (50% cutoff). The prognostic association of lymphocyte infiltration also depended on the patients' smoking history and histologic subtype. CONCLUSIONS Proliferation, PD-L1 status, smoking history, and histology should be considered if lymphocyte infiltration is to be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dijana Djureinovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hirsh Koyi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eva Brandén
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer is rare, as it represents less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. In addition, male breast cancer appears to have a different biology than female breast cancer. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), seem to have prognostic and predictive values in a variety of cancers, including female breast cancer. However, the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast cancer has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES To compare PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast cancer to female breast cancer and to evaluate prognostic values in both groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resection material of 247 female and 164 male breast cancer patients were stained for PD-1 and PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly less frequent in male than in female cancers (48.9 vs. 65.3%, p = 0.002). In contrast, PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells did not differ between the two groups. In male breast cancer, PD-1 and tumor PD-L1 were associated with grade 3 tumors. In female breast cancer, PD-1 and PD-L1 were associated with comparably worse clinicopathological variables. In a survival analysis, no prognostic value was observed for PD-1 and PD-L1 in either male and female breast cancer. In a subgroup analysis, female patients with grade 3/tumor PD-L1-negative or ER-negative/immune PD-L1-negative tumors had worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 seems to be less often expressed in male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer. Although PD-1 and PD-L1 are not definite indicators for good or bad responses, male breast cancer patients may therefore respond differently to checkpoint immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors than female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirine F Manson
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie D Ter Hoeve
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Buerger
- Institute of Pathology Paderborn/Höxter, Cooperative Breast Center, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hollander P, Amini RM, Ginman B, Molin D, Enblad G, Glimelius I. Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 increase in consecutive biopsies in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204870. [PMID: 30261066 PMCID: PMC6160169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) by leukocytes in primary classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is associated with inferior outcome. However, it is unclear how expression varies during disease progression, and in the event of relapse. Our aim was to study PD-1 and PD-L1 in consecutive biopsies from untreated and treated cHL patients. We screened pathology registries from 3500 cHL patients. Eleven patients had a diagnostic cHL biopsy and a previous benign lymph node biopsy reclassified as cHL when reviewed and designated as the untreated. Thirty patients had a primary and a relapse biopsy, designated as the treated. Biopsies were immunostained to detect PD-1+ and PD-L1+ leukocytes, and PD-L1+ tumor cells. In the untreated, none of the markers were statistically significantly different when biopsies 1 and 2 were compared. In the treated, 19, 22, and 18 of 30 cases had increased proportions of PD-1+ leukocytes, PD-L1+ leukocytes and PD-L1+ tumor cells, respectively, and were all statistically significantly increased when primary and relapse biopsies were compared. PD-1 and PD-L1 most likely increase due to primary treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which could have implications regarding treatment with PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hollander
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Ginman
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Molin
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhao Q, Xie R, Lin S, You X, Weng X. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Antibody Therapy for Pretreated Advanced or Metastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinomas and the Correlation between PD-L1 Expression and Treatment Effectiveness: An Update Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:3820956. [PMID: 30345301 PMCID: PMC6174790 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3820956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies for pretreated advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigated the correlation between PD-L1 expression levels and effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody. METHODS The methodology was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) and the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. RESULTS Our research included five randomized-controlled trials involving 3,025 patients. We compared anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) with docetaxel in pretreated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.69 (95%CI: 0.63-0.75, P<0.0001, and Ph=0.67) and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.81-0.94, P=0.0004, and Ph=0.11), respectively. Meanwhile, the pooled risk ratio (RR) for objective response rate (ORR) was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.16-2.01, P=0.003, and Ph=0.03) in all patients. Subgroup analyses showed that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment significantly improved OS in patients with PD-L1 expression at any level, even in patients with PD-L1<1%. The RR for occurrence of grades 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse effects was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.15-0.36, and P<0.001). CONCLUSION OS, PFS, and ORR were significantly more improved for patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies than for those treated with docetaxel. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resulted in longer OS than docetaxel, regardless of PD-L1 expression; however, higher PD-L1 levels were likely to correlate with better outcome. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies also had a better safety profile than docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ruixiang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shen Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang You
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiuhua Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
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22
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Bartosińska J, Purkot J, Kowal M, Michalak-Stoma A, Krasowska D, Chodorowska G, Giannopoulos K. The expression of selected molecular markers of immune tolerance in psoriatic patients. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2018; 27:721-725. [PMID: 29790686 DOI: 10.17219/acem/78020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease whose underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The disease is mediated by the cells and molecules of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Some T cell surface molecules, including neuropilin-1 (NRP1), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), are known to play a role in the maintenance of immune tolerance. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate HLA-G, NRP1 and programmed cell death gene (PDCD1) mRNA expression in psoriatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 72 psoriatic patients and 35 healthy individuals. Twentyone patients (29.17%) suffered from concomitant psoriatic arthritis. The mRNA expression of HLA-G, NRP1, and PDCD1 were determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The severity of skin lesions was assessed by means of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA), the Patient Global Assessment (PGA), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). RESULTS The median value of the PASI was 11.5, and of BSA was 15.8%. The expressions of NRP1 and PDCD1, but not HLA-G, were significantly lower in psoriatic patients in comparison with the control group. The expression of HLA-G, NRP1 and PDCD1 were not significantly different in the psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis vulgaris patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the molecular markers of immune tolerance, i.e., HLA-G, NRP1, and PD-1, may be involved in the immune response in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Purkot
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalak-Stoma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chodorowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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23
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Owen D, Chu B, Lehman AM, Annamalai L, Yearley JH, Shilo K, Otterson GA. Expression Patterns, Prognostic Value, and Intratumoral Heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1204-1212. [PMID: 29702286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) including thymoma and thymic carcinoma are rare tumors with little data available to guide treatment. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade has shown promising activity, but data regarding the expression patterns and prognostic implications of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in TETs have yielded conflicting results. Intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-1/L1 expression has been shown in other cancers, but has not been described in the TET literature. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center review of 35 patients with resected TET. PD-1/L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using PD-1 clone: NAT105 and PD-L1 clone: 22C3. Tumor samples from 35 patients were evaluated including 32 patients with thymoma and 3 patients with thymic carcinoma. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was detected in 83% (29 of 35) tumor samples, including 100% (3 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) of thymoma patients. PD-1 expression was detected in 77% (27 of 35), including 33% (1 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) thymoma patients. High PD-1 expression was associated with lower grade tumors. Unlike prior studies, PD-L1 expression was not associated with higher grade tumors or higher stage. Neither PD-L1 nor PD-1 expression was significantly associated with survival. Three patients with thymoma had multiple tumor sections evaluated for expression of PD-1/L1, with differing expression patterns of both PD-L1 and PD-1 observed in two patients. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms high expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in TET and shows for the first time intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in thymoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin Chu
- Helen and Gary Gray Cancer Center, Hartford Hospital, and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Amy M Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory A Otterson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.
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24
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Machado I, López-Guerrero JA, Scotlandi K, Picci P, Llombart-Bosch A. Immunohistochemical analysis and prognostic significance of PD-L1, PD-1, and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). Virchows Arch 2018; 472:815-824. [PMID: 29445891 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are aggressive neoplasms with scant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We analyzed the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 and their prognostic significance in clinically localized neoplasms in a cohort of 370 ESFT. Slides prepared from tissue microarrays were stained for PD-L1, PD-1, and CD8. Membranous/cytoplasmic staining over 5% of tumor cells was regarded as positive for PD-L1 and PD-1. Prognostic analysis was done considering only clinically localized tumors (n = 217). PD-L1 expression was present in 19% of ESFT, while PD-1 was expressed in 26%. Forty-eight percent of tumors were negative and 12% were positive for both PD-L1 and PD-1. Metastatic tumors displayed higher expression of PD-L1 (p < 0.0001). Histological subtypes were not correlated with PD-L1 or PD-1 positivity. ESFT with elevated proliferation index (Ki-67) were associated with higher PD-L1 expression (p = 0.049). Regarding prognosis, no significant association was found between PD-L1 expression and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS), whereas lack of PD-1 expression in tumor cells was correlated with both poor PFS (p = 0.02) and poor OS (p = 0.004). Tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T lymphocytes were observed in 15.4% of ESFT with informative results (347 tumors). No correlation was found between tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T lymphocytes and ESFT histological subtypes, tumor location, or PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, nor with PFS (p = 0.473) or OS (p = 0.087). PD-L1 expression was not significantly related to prognosis. PD-1 was expressed in 26% of ESFT tumor cells and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. CD8 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was not related to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Alessi C, Scapulatempo Neto C, Viana CR, Vazquez VDL. PD-1/PD-L1 and VEGF-A/VEGF-C expression in lymph node microenvironment and association with melanoma metastasis and survival. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:565-572. [PMID: 28984690 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regional lymph nodes are affected frequently by melanoma metastasis. Its microenvironment may be associated with tumor progression. We investigated sentinel nodes with and without tumor and negative nodes surrounding positive nodes, looking for patterns related to tumor immune interaction and lymphovascular progression. We quantified programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF-C expressions in lymph nodes of 103 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. Two groups were studied: negative sentinel lymph nodes and positive ones. Negative lymph nodes of sequential lymphadenectomy from positive cases were also studied. Markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results were related to clinical/histological outcomes. VEGF-A/VEGF-C analysis showed higher positivity in metastatic nodes and higher positivity in the surrounding negative nodes from positive cases in comparison with nonmetastatic patients. Programmed cell death-ligand 1, studied only in metastasis, presented high positivity, not associated with prognosis. PD-1 expressions were similar in the groups with a 1% cutoff and higher in the metastasis with a 5% cutoff. Higher VEGF-A expression was related to higher pathological stages. PD-1 expression in the lymph node was associated with higher survival. Other clinical and histopatological variables were not associated with marker expression patterns. VEGF-A and VEGF-C expressions in lymph nodes were associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. PD-1 expression in the lymph node was related to higher survival rates and this should be explored in the context of adjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alessi
- aDepartment of Dermatology in Medical Clinic 'Alessi e Rocha' and Medical Specialists Ambulatories of Barretos bIEP/CEPOM - Research Institute and Molecular Oncology Research Center cDepartment of Surgery - Melanoma and Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos dDepartment of Pathology of Laboratório Bacchi, Botucatu, São Paulo ePathology Service, Américas Centro Oncológico Integrado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen G, Kim YH, Li H, Luo H, Liu DL, Zhang ZJ, Lay M, Chang W, Zhang YQ, Ji RR. PD-L1 inhibits acute and chronic pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:917-926. [PMID: 28530662 PMCID: PMC5831162 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is typically produced by cancer cells and suppresses immunity through the receptor PD-1 expressed on T cells. However, the role of PD-L1 and PD-1 in regulating pain and neuronal function is unclear. Here we report that both melanoma and normal neural tissues including dorsal root ganglion (DRG) produce PD-L1 that can potently inhibit acute and chronic pain. Intraplantar injection of PD-L1 evoked analgesia in naive mice via PD-1, whereas PD-L1 neutralization or PD-1 blockade induced mechanical allodynia. Mice lacking Pd1 (Pdcd1) exhibited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. PD-1 activation in DRG nociceptive neurons by PD-L1 induced phosphorylation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, inhibited sodium channels and caused hyperpolarization through activation of TREK2 K+ channels. PD-L1 also potently suppressed nociceptive neuron excitability in human DRGs. Notably, blocking PD-L1 or PD-1 elicited spontaneous pain and allodynia in melanoma-bearing mice. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized role of PD-L1 as an endogenous pain inhibitor and a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Mark Lay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Wonseok Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
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Abstract
Advances in cancer therapy in the past few years include the development of medications that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) are two co-inhibitory receptors that are expressed on activated T cells against which therapeutic blocking antibodies have reached routine clinical use. Immune checkpoint blockade can induce inflammatory adverse effects, termed immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), which resemble autoimmune disease. In this Review, we describe the current data regarding immune-related endocrinopathies, including hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. We discuss the clinical management of these endocrinopathies within the context of our current understanding of the mechanisms of IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Byun
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Lynne M Rosenberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Monica Girotra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York, USA
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28
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Fromentin R, Bakeman W, Lawani MB, Khoury G, Hartogensis W, DaFonseca S, Killian M, Epling L, Hoh R, Sinclair E, Hecht FM, Bacchetti P, Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Sékaly RP, Chomont N. CD4+ T Cells Expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 Contribute to HIV Persistence during ART. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005761. [PMID: 27415008 PMCID: PMC4944956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV persists in a small pool of latently infected cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Identifying cellular markers expressed at the surface of these cells may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the size of the HIV reservoir. We hypothesized that CD4+ T cells expressing immune checkpoint molecules would be enriched in HIV-infected cells in individuals receiving suppressive ART. Expression levels of 7 immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, TIM-3, CD160 and 2B4) as well as 4 markers of HIV persistence (integrated and total HIV DNA, 2-LTR circles and cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA) were measured in PBMCs from 48 virally suppressed individuals. Using negative binomial regression models, we identified PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 as immune checkpoint molecules positively associated with the frequency of CD4+ T cells harboring integrated HIV DNA. The frequency of CD4+ T cells co-expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 independently predicted the frequency of cells harboring integrated HIV DNA. Quantification of HIV genomes in highly purified cell subsets from blood further revealed that expressions of PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 were associated with HIV-infected cells in distinct memory CD4+ T cell subsets. CD4+ T cells co-expressing the three markers were highly enriched for integrated viral genomes (median of 8.2 fold compared to total CD4+ T cells). Importantly, most cells carrying inducible HIV genomes expressed at least one of these markers (median contribution of cells expressing LAG-3, PD-1 or TIGIT to the inducible reservoir = 76%). Our data provide evidence that CD4+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 alone or in combination are enriched for persistent HIV during ART and suggest that immune checkpoint blockers directed against these receptors may represent valuable tools to target latently infected cells in virally suppressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Bakeman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mariam B. Lawani
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Khoury
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sandrina DaFonseca
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marisela Killian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lorrie Epling
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick M. Hecht
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Bacchetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hoffmann M, Pantazis N, Martin GE, Hickling S, Hurst J, Meyerowitz J, Willberg CB, Robinson N, Brown H, Fisher M, Kinloch S, Babiker A, Weber J, Nwokolo N, Fox J, Fidler S, Phillips R, Frater J. Exhaustion of Activated CD8 T Cells Predicts Disease Progression in Primary HIV-1 Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005661. [PMID: 27415828 PMCID: PMC4945085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate at which HIV-1 infected individuals progress to AIDS is highly variable and impacted by T cell immunity. CD8 T cell inhibitory molecules are up-regulated in HIV-1 infection and associate with immune dysfunction. We evaluated participants (n = 122) recruited to the SPARTAC randomised clinical trial to determine whether CD8 T cell exhaustion markers PD-1, Lag-3 and Tim-3 were associated with immune activation and disease progression. Expression of PD-1, Tim-3, Lag-3 and CD38 on CD8 T cells from the closest pre-therapy time-point to seroconversion was measured by flow cytometry, and correlated with surrogate markers of HIV-1 disease (HIV-1 plasma viral load (pVL) and CD4 T cell count) and the trial endpoint (time to CD4 count <350 cells/μl or initiation of antiretroviral therapy). To explore the functional significance of these markers, co-expression of Eomes, T-bet and CD39 was assessed. Expression of PD-1 on CD8 and CD38 CD8 T cells correlated with pVL and CD4 count at baseline, and predicted time to the trial endpoint. Lag-3 expression was associated with pVL but not CD4 count. For all exhaustion markers, expression of CD38 on CD8 T cells increased the strength of associations. In Cox models, progression to the trial endpoint was most marked for PD-1/CD38 co-expressing cells, with evidence for a stronger effect within 12 weeks from confirmed diagnosis of PHI. The effect of PD-1 and Lag-3 expression on CD8 T cells retained statistical significance in Cox proportional hazards models including antiretroviral therapy and CD4 count, but not pVL as co-variants. Expression of 'exhaustion' or 'immune checkpoint' markers in early HIV-1 infection is associated with clinical progression and is impacted by immune activation and the duration of infection. New markers to identify exhausted T cells and novel interventions to reverse exhaustion may inform the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoffmann
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nikos Pantazis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve E. Martin
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hickling
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Hurst
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Oxford Martin School, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian B. Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Robinson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Fisher
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kinloch
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdel Babiker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Weber
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nneka Nwokolo
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Phillips
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Oxford Martin School, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Oxford Martin School, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Varadan V, Gilmore H, Miskimen KLS, Tuck D, Parsai S, Awadallah A, Krop IE, Winer EP, Bossuyt V, Somlo G, Abu-Khalaf MM, Fenton MA, Sikov W, Harris LN. Immune Signatures Following Single Dose Trastuzumab Predict Pathologic Response to PreoperativeTrastuzumab and Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3249-59. [PMID: 26842237 PMCID: PMC5439498 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent data suggest that intrinsic subtype and immune cell infiltration may predict response to trastuzumab-based therapy. We studied the interaction between these factors, changes in immune signatures following brief exposure to trastuzumab, and achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) to subsequent preoperative trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In patients enrolled on two multicenter trials (03-311 and 211B), tumor core biopsies were obtained at baseline and after brief exposure to single-agent trastuzumab or nab-paclitaxel. Gene expression profiles were assessed to assign PAM50 subtypes, measure immune cell activation, and were correlated with response. RESULTS The pCR rate was significantly higher in HER2-enriched tumors in the Discovery, 03-311 (36%, P = 0.043) dataset, as compared with other subtypes, which validated in 211B (50%, P = 0.048). Significant increases in a signature of immune cell admixture (Immune Index) were observed only following brief exposure to trastuzumab in HER2-enriched tumors (Discovery/03-311, P = 0.05; Validation/211B, P = 0.02). Increased Immune Index was predictive of response after brief exposure (03-311, P = 0.03; 211B, P = 0.04), but not at baseline, in addition to increased expression of a CD4(+) follicular helper T-cell signature (03-311, P = 0.05; 211B, P = 0.04). Brief exposure to trastuzumab significantly increased gene expression of the T-cell marker PD-1 in HER2-enriched tumors (Discovery/03-311, P = 0.045) and PD-1 positivity by IHC (Validation/211B, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Correlations between pCR rates, increases in Immune Index and markers of T-cell activity following brief exposure to trastuzumab in HER2-enriched tumors provide novel insights into the interaction between tumor biology, antitumor immunity, and response to treatment, and suggest potential clinically useful biomarkers in HER2(+) breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3249-59. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Varadan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Hannah Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristy L S Miskimen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Shikha Parsai
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ian E Krop
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric P Winer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - George Somlo
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Maysa M Abu-Khalaf
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Anne Fenton
- Lifespan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - William Sikov
- Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lyndsay N Harris
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Maekawa N, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Nishimori A, Ikebuchi R, Izumi Y, Takagi S, Kagawa Y, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Kato Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD-L1 Expression in Canine Malignant Cancers and PD-1 Expression on Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Melanoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157176. [PMID: 27276060 PMCID: PMC4898770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous cancers are common diseases in dogs. Among these, some malignant cancers such as oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and mast cell tumor are often recognized as clinical problems because, despite their high frequencies, current treatments for these cancers may not always achieve satisfying outcomes. The absence of effective systemic therapies against these cancers leads researchers to investigate novel therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a costimulatory receptor with immunosuppressive function. When it binds its ligands, PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or PD-L2, PD-1 on T cells negatively regulates activating signals from the T cell receptor, resulting in the inhibition of the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Aberrant PD-L1 expression has been reported in many human cancers and is considered an immune escape mechanism for cancers. In clinical trials, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies induced tumor regression for several malignancies, including advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, to assess the potential of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as a novel therapeutic target for canine cancer immunotherapy, immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression in various malignant cancers of dogs was performed. Here, we show that dog oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma expressed PD-L1, whereas some other types of cancer did not. In addition, PD-1 was highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from oral melanoma, showing that lymphocytes in this cancer type might have been functionally exhausted. These results strongly encourage the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents against these cancers in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asami Nishimori
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Izumi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- North Lab, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abbas M, Steffens S, Bellut M, Becker JU, Großhennig A, Eggers H, Wegener G, Kuczyk MA, Kreipe HH, Grünwald V, Schrader AJ, Ivanyi P. Do programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) play a role in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma? Med Oncol 2016; 33:59. [PMID: 27165272 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (PD-L1) for metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) are ongoing. The aim of this study is to validate their roles as prognostic markers in non-clear cell (non-cc) RCC. Sixty-four non-cc RCC tissue specimens were collected from patients undergoing renal tumor surgery. Expressions of biomarkers were assessed using immunohistochemistry and compared with clinical characteristics. Survival analyses were performed with a median follow-up of 77.5 (range: 0-176) months. No significant correlations were found for PD-1(+) tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMC) or PD-L1(+) expression and clinical attributes in patients with non-cc RCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no differences in 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for PD-1(-) TIMC compared to PD-1(+) TIMC (71.4 and 63 % versus 72.2 and 61.9 %; p = 0.88). Intratumoral expression of PD-L1 did not appear to influence the 5- and 10-year CSS significantly, even though a trend was identified (68 and 53.6 % versus 80.1 and 75.7 %; p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, neither PD-1(+) TIMC nor intratumoral PD-L1(+) expression proved to be independent predictors of CSS (p = 0.99 and p = 0.68, respectively). Our study demonstrates that PD-1(+) TIMC and intratumoral PD-L1(+) expression did not significantly impact tumor aggressiveness or clinical outcome in non-ccRCC specimens. Due to rare incidence of non-cc RCC in particular according to PD-L1 expression, further analyzes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abbas
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Bellut
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anika Großhennig
- Institute of Bimetrics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Eggers
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Wegener
- Tumor Center, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans H Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Ivanyi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Street 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Shosu K, Sakurai M, Inoue K, Nakagawa T, Sakai H, Morimoto M, Okuda M, Noguchi S, Mizuno T. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Canine Cancer. In Vivo 2016; 30:195-204. [PMID: 27107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody therapy targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising therapy in human cancer, but only limited information on PD-L1 expression in canine tumors is available. MATERIALS AND METHODS PD-L1 expression was examined in 31 canine tumor cell lines of various origins by flow cytometry and western blotting, and in canine tumor and normal tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PD-L1 was only expressed on the cell surface of a small number of cell lines but was found expressed within the cells of almost all cell lines. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PD-L1 is frequently expressed in malignant melanoma, mammary gland tumor, mast cell tumor and lymphoma, but less frequently in soft-tissue sarcoma and hemangiosarcoma. PD-L1 was also expressed in some of the cells of normal canine tissue specimens. CONCLUSION Canine tumors with PD-L1 expression that were identified in this study are potential candidates for antiPD-1 and antiPD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuha Shosu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kumi Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Hurez V, Dao V, Liu A, Pandeswara S, Gelfond J, Sun L, Bergman M, Orihuela CJ, Galvan V, Padrón Á, Drerup J, Liu Y, Hasty P, Sharp ZD, Curiel TJ. Chronic mTOR inhibition in mice with rapamycin alters T, B, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells and gut flora and prolongs life of immune-deficient mice. Aging Cell 2015; 14:945-56. [PMID: 26315673 PMCID: PMC4693453 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates critical immune processes that remain incompletely defined. Interest in mTOR inhibitor drugs is heightened by recent demonstrations that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan and healthspan in mice. Rapamycin or related analogues (rapalogues) also mitigate age-related debilities including increasing antigen-specific immunity, improving vaccine responses in elderly humans, and treating cancers and autoimmunity, suggesting important new clinical applications. Nonetheless, immune toxicity concerns for long-term mTOR inhibition, particularly immunosuppression, persist. Although mTOR is pivotal to fundamental, important immune pathways, little is reported on immune effects of mTOR inhibition in lifespan or healthspan extension, or with chronic mTOR inhibitor use. We comprehensively analyzed immune effects of rapamycin as used in lifespan extension studies. Gene expression profiling found many and novel changes in genes affecting differentiation, function, homeostasis, exhaustion, cell death, and inflammation in distinct T- and B-lymphocyte and myeloid cell subpopulations. Immune functions relevant to aging and inflammation, and to cancer and infections, and innate lymphoid cell effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. Rapamycin markedly prolonged lifespan and healthspan in cancer- and infection-prone mice supporting disease mitigation as a mechanism for mTOR suppression-mediated longevity extension. It modestly altered gut metagenomes, and some metagenomic effects were linked to immune outcomes. Our data show novel mTOR inhibitor immune effects meriting further studies in relation to longevity and healthspan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vinh Dao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lishi Sun
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Molly Bergman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Drerup
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zelton Dave Sharp
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Shin SJ, Jeon YK, Cho YM, Lee JL, Chung DH, Park JY, Go H. The Association Between PD-L1 Expression and the Clinical Outcomes to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Targeted Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncologist 2015; 20:1253-60. [PMID: 26424759 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway (VEGF)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC). Recently, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade emerged as promising therapy for renal cell carcinoma. However, the expression pattern and prognostic implication of programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) in mCCRCC patients receiving VEGF-TKI remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in tumor cells and the quantities of PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were immunohistochemically evaluated in 91 mCCRCC patients treated with VEGF-TKI, and their associations with VEGF-TKI responsiveness and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS PD-L1 immunopositivity was observed in 17.6% and significantly associated with a high International Society of Urological Pathology grade (p = .031) and sarcomatoid features (p = .014). PD-L2 immunopositivity was observed in 39.6% and was not associated with any of the assessed clinicopathological variables. PD-L1-positive cases showed poor VEGF-TKI responsiveness (p = .012) compared with PD-L1-negative cases. In univariate survival analysis, PD-L1 immunopositivity was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = .037) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = .043). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression was independently associated with poor OS (p = .038) and PFS (p = .013) in addition to tumor necrosis (p = .006; p = .029, respectively) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score (p = .018; p = .032, respectively). PD-L2 expression was neither associated with VEGF-TKI responsiveness nor patients' outcome. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression was significantly related to lack of VEGF-TKI responsiveness and independently associated with shorter survival in mCCRCC patients after VEGF-TKI treatment. PD-L1 may have a predictive and prognostic value for determining the value of VEGF-TKI treatment in patients with mCCRCC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway (VEGF)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are essential for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, but the treatment suffers from a lack of predictive markers. This study demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is a predictor for unfavorable response to VEGF-TKI and a prognostic indicator for poor overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma receiving VEGF-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Adegoke A, Gladney K, Gallant M, Grant M. Heteroclitic Peptides Increase Proliferation and Reduce Evidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺ T Cell Dysfunction. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:455-63. [PMID: 26230145 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cell dysfunction parallels disease progression; therefore, restoring potent HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses is a key therapeutic goal. Certain CD8(+) T cell peptide epitope variants, termed heteroclitic, enhance cytokine production by the HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells of some individuals. In this study, we investigated whether heteroclitic peptides that enhance cytokine production by HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells also reduce functional and phenotypic evidence of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell exhaustion in those instances. Twenty-four variant peptides of human histocompatibility-linked leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted reference HIV peptide epitopes designated as A2-7; Nef 83→91, A2-8; Nef 135→143, A2-Gag; Gag 77→85 and A2-9; Gag 433→440 were synthesized with conservative and semiconservative amino acid substitutions at positions 3, 5, and 7 or 3, 5, and 8 of Gag 433→440. Variants that enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in enzyme-linked immunospot assays (29 cases overall) were subsequently tested by 7-day in vitro peptide stimulation for their effects on HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. Heteroclitic variants enhanced HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation by >20% in 13/29 cases tested, reduced PD-1 expression on proliferating cells by 15-50% in 10 cases, and reduced PD-1 expression on proliferating cells by >50% in 3 cases. In five cases, the same heteroclitic peptide increased proliferation by >20% and reduced PD-1 expression by >15%. These data demonstrate that heteroclitic peptides can alter the magnitude and character of HIV-specific CD8(+) cell responses relative to reference peptides and may have a unique immunotherapeutic value in therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Adegoke
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Krista Gladney
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Maureen Gallant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Michael Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Ngiow SF, Young A, Jacquelot N, Yamazaki T, Enot D, Zitvogel L, Smyth MJ. A Threshold Level of Intratumor CD8+ T-cell PD1 Expression Dictates Therapeutic Response to Anti-PD1. Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26208901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite successes, thus far, a significant proportion of the patients treated with anti-PD1 antibodies have failed to respond. We use mouse tumor models of anti-PD1 sensitivity and resistance and flow cytometry to assess tumor-infiltrating immune cells immediately after therapy. We demonstrate that the expression levels of T-cell PD1 (PD1(lo)), myeloid, and T-cell PDL1 (PDL1(hi)) in the tumor microenvironment inversely correlate and dictate the efficacy of anti-PD1 mAb and function of intratumor CD8(+) T cells. In sensitive tumors, we reveal a threshold for PD1 downregulation on tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells below which the release of adaptive immune resistance is achieved. In contrast, PD1(hi) T cells in resistant tumors fail to be rescued by anti-PD1 therapy and remain dysfunctional unless intratumor PDL1(lo) immune cells are targeted. Intratumor Tregs are partly responsible for the development of anti-PD1-resistant tumors and PD1(hi) CD8(+) T cells. Our analyses provide a framework to interrogate intratumor CD8(+) T-cell PD1 and immune PDL1 levels and response in human cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Foong Ngiow
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arabella Young
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, University of Paris Sud XI, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, University of Paris Sud XI, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | - David Enot
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, University of Paris Sud XI, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, University of Paris Sud XI, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Grzywnowicz M, Karczmarczyk A, Skorka K, Zajac M, Zaleska J, Chocholska S, Tomczak W, Giannopoulos K. Expression of Programmed Death 1 Ligand in Different Compartments of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Acta Haematol 2015; 134:255-62. [PMID: 26159545 DOI: 10.1159/000430980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor pathway is responsible for the negative regulation of both T and B lymphocytes upon activation of these cells. There is growing evidence that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells exploit the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) to resist antitumor immune reactions and maintain their survival by shaping their own microenvironment. METHODS We used a quantitative RT-PCR method to analyze PD-L1 gene expression in bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, representing the proliferation and accumulation compartments of CLL. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was found to be significantly higher in 112 CLL patients than in controls. Levels of PD-L1 expression in bone marrow and peripheral blood were comparable and showed a positive correlation. Furthermore, expression of PDL1 strongly correlated with expression of PD-1 receptor in mononuclear cells from the same compartment, and was not affected by incubation with immunomodulatory drug thalidomide. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression is shared between CLL cells localized in distinct disease compartments, demonstrating that PD-1/PD-L1 a universal target for therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
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Bekele Y, Amu S, Bobosha K, Lantto R, Nilsson A, Endale B, Gebre M, Aseffa A, Rethi B, Howe R, Chiodi F. Impaired Phenotype and Function of T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving ART. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1125. [PMID: 26166114 PMCID: PMC4504540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important components in development of specific humoral immune responses; whether the number and biology of Tfh cells is impaired in HIV-1-infected children is not yet studied.The frequency, phenotype, and function of Tfh cells and B cells were determined in blood of HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and age-matched controls. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the frequency of Tfh cells and B cell subsets. Cytokine expression was measured after in vitro activation of Tfh cells.A reduced frequency of memory Tfh cells (P < 0.001) was identified in HIV-1-infected children and, on these cells, a reduced expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). Upon activation, the capacity of Tfh cells to express IL-4, an important cytokine for B cell function, was impaired in HIV-1-infected children.B cell subpopulations in HIV-1-infected children displayed significant differences from the control group: the frequency of resting memory (RM) B cells was reduced (P < 0.01) whereas the frequency of exhausted memory B cells increased (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the decline of RM cells correlated with the reduction of memory Tfh cells (P = 0.02).Our study shows that function and phenotype of Tfh cells, pivotal cells for establishment of adaptive B cell responses, are impaired during HIV-1 infection in children. A consistent reduction of memory Tfh cells is associated with declined frequencies of RM B cells, creating a novel link between dysfunctional features of these cell types, major players in establishment of humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Bekele
- From Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (YB, SA, RL, BR, FC); Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (YB, KB, BE, AA, RH); Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (AN); Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit at the Pediatric Emergency Department, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AN); and All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training (ALERT) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (MG)
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40
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Chauvin JM, Pagliano O, Fourcade J, Sun Z, Wang H, Sander C, Kirkwood JM, Chen THT, Maurer M, Korman AJ, Zarour HM. TIGIT and PD-1 impair tumor antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in melanoma patients. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2046-58. [PMID: 25866972 DOI: 10.1172/jci80445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, Tregs, and NK cells. Here, we determined that TIGIT is upregulated on tumor antigen-specific (TA-specific) CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with melanoma, and these TIGIT-expressing CD8⁺ T cells often coexpress the inhibitory receptor PD-1. Moreover, CD8⁺ TILs from patients exhibited downregulation of the costimulatory molecule CD226, which competes with TIGIT for the same ligand, supporting a TIGIT/CD226 imbalance in metastatic melanoma. TIGIT marked early T cell activation and was further upregulated by T cells upon PD-1 blockade and in dysfunctional PD-1⁺TIM-3⁺ TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells. PD-1⁺TIGIT⁺, PD-1⁻TIGIT⁺, and PD-1⁺TIGIT⁻ CD8⁺ TILs had similar functional capacities ex vivo, suggesting that TIGIT alone, or together with PD-1, is not indicative of T cell dysfunction. However, in the presence of TIGIT ligand-expressing cells, TIGIT and PD-1 blockade additively increased proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulation of both TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ TILs. Collectively, our results show that TIGIT and PD-1 regulate the expansion and function of TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ TILs in melanoma patients and suggest that dual TIGIT and PD-1 blockade should be further explored to elicit potent antitumor CD8⁺ T cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- Up-Regulation
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Dytrych P, Krol P, Kotrova M, Kuzilkova D, Hubacek P, Krol L, Katra R, Hrusak O, Kabelka Z, Dolezalova P, Kalina T, Fronkova E. Polyclonal, newly derived T cells with low expression of inhibitory molecule PD-1 in tonsils define the phenotype of lymphocytes in children with Periodic Fever, Aphtous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:139-47. [PMID: 25656804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PFAPA syndrome is a benign, recurrent inflammatory disease of childhood. Tonsillectomy is one of the therapeutic options with a yet unexplained biological mechanism. We tested whether specific lymphocyte subsets recruited from blood to human tonsils participate in PFAPA pathogenesis. METHODS Paired tonsils/peripheral blood (PB) samples were investigated (a) from children with PFAPA that successfully resolved after tonsillectomy (n=10) (b) from children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as controls (n=10). The lymphocyte profiles were analysed using 8-colour flow cytometry, immunoglobulin (IGH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements via PCR and next generation sequencing; a TREC/KREC analysis was performed using qPCR. RESULTS The PFAPA tonsils in the asymptomatic phase had a lower percentage of B-lymphocytes than controls; T-lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in PB. The percentages of cytotoxic CD8pos T-lymphocytes were approximately 2-fold higher in PFAPA tonsils; the transitional B cells and naïve stages of both the CD4pos and CD8pos T-lymphocytes with a low expression of PD-1 molecule and high numbers of TREC were also increased. With the exception of elevated plasmablasts, no other differences were significant in PB. The expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL9 and CCL19 genes were significantly higher in PFAPA tonsils. The IGH/TCR pattern showed no clonal/oligoclonal expansion. DNA from the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpervirus-6 or adenovirus was detected in 7 of 10 PFAPA tonsils but also in 7 of 9 controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the uninhibited, polyclonal response of newly derived lymphocytes participate in the pathogenesis of PFAPA. Because most of the observed changes were restricted to tonsils and were not present in PB, they partly explain the therapeutic success of tonsillectomy in PFAPA syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/isolation & purification
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chemokine CCL19/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CXCL10/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CXCL9/biosynthesis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Fever of Unknown Origin/complications
- Fever of Unknown Origin/immunology
- Fever of Unknown Origin/surgery
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Infant
- Lymphadenitis/complications
- Lymphadenitis/immunology
- Lymphadenitis/surgery
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Palatine Tonsil/cytology
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- Palatine Tonsil/surgery
- Pharyngitis/complications
- Pharyngitis/immunology
- Pharyngitis/surgery
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/immunology
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery
- Stomatitis, Aphthous/complications
- Stomatitis, Aphthous/immunology
- Stomatitis, Aphthous/surgery
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tonsillectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dytrych
- Department of ENT, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
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Fu J, Wang D, Yu Y, Heinrichs J, Wu Y, Schutt S, Kaosaard K, Liu C, Haarberg K, Bastian D, McDonald DG, Anasetti C, Yu XZ. T-bet is critical for the development of acute graft-versus-host disease through controlling T cell differentiation and function. J Immunol 2015; 194:388-97. [PMID: 25404360 PMCID: PMC4314960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-bet is a master regulator for IFN-γ production and Th1 differentiation. We evaluated the roles of T-bet and IFN-γ in T cell responses in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and found that T-bet(-/-) T cells induced significantly less GVHD compared with wild-type or IFN-γ(-/-) counterparts in both MHC-mismatched and MHC-matched but minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched models driven by CD4 T cells. T-bet(-/-), but not IFN-γ(-/-), CD4 T cells had a markedly reduced ability to cause tissue damage in liver and gut. This distinct outcome is reflected by the differential gene expression on donor CD4 T cells deficient for T-bet or IFN-γ. At mRNA and protein levels, we defined several T-bet-dependent molecules that may account for the impaired ability of T-bet(-/-) T cells to migrate into target organs and to produce Th1-related cytokines. Moreover, these molecules were independent of either endogenous IFN-γ, such as CXCR3 and programmed death-1, or systematic IFN-γ, such as NKG2D, I-A(b), and granzyme B. Although both T-bet(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 T cells are prone to differentiate into Th17 cells, polarized Th17 cells deficient for T-bet but not for IFN-γ had a significantly reduced ability to cause GVHD. Finally, T-bet(-/-) T cells had a compromised graft-versus-leukemia effect, which could be essentially reversed by neutralization of IL-17 in the recipients. We conclude that T-bet is required for Th1 differentiation and migration, as well as for optimal function of Th17 cells. Thus, targeting T-bet or regulating its downstream effectors independent of IFN-γ may be a promising strategy to control GVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612; Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yu Yu
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jessica Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Kane Kaosaard
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Kelley Haarberg
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Daniel G McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Staron MM, Gray SM, Marshall HD, Parish IA, Chen JH, Perry CJ, Cui G, Li MO, Kaech SM. The transcription factor FoxO1 sustains expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and survival of antiviral CD8(+) T cells during chronic infection. Immunity 2014; 41:802-14. [PMID: 25464856 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B (also known as AKT) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are central regulators of T cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Here, we show that during chronic murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, activation of AKT and mTOR are impaired in antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in enhanced activity of the transcription factor FoxO1. Blockade of inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in vivo increased mTOR activity in virus-specific CTLs, and its therapeutic effects were abrogated by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. FoxO1 functioned as a transcriptional activator of PD-1 that promoted the differentiation of terminally exhausted CTLs. Importantly, FoxO1-null CTLs failed to persist and control chronic viral infection. Collectively, this study shows that CTLs adapt to persistent infection through a positive feedback pathway (PD-1?FoxO1?PD-1) that functions to both desensitize virus-specific CTLs to antigen and support their survival during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Staron
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Simon M Gray
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heather D Marshall
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ian A Parish
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Curtis J Perry
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA.
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Kedmi M, Avigdor A, Nagler A. Anti-PD-1-targeted therapies focusing on lymphatic malignancies: biological rationale, clinical challenges and opportunities. Acta Haematol 2014; 133:129-35. [PMID: 25247668 DOI: 10.1159/000362151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with tumor-directed antibodies has generally been very successful, while T-cell immunotherapy has been less effective. Some lymphoid malignancies can be cured with immunochemotherapy but nevertheless many patients relapse or progress in spite of maximal therapy. Both solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies develop mechanisms in order to escape destruction by the intact immune system. One such mechanism is mediated through immune checkpoints. PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1, which is expressed on activated T and B cells, natural killer cells and myeloid cells, is one of those checkpoints. This review focuses on the effect of PD-1 activation on lymphoid malignancies and its role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Kedmi
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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45
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Zhang Y, Ertl HCJ. The effect of adjuvanting cancer vaccines with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D on melanoma-driven CD8+ T cell exhaustion. J Immunol 2014; 193:1836-46. [PMID: 25024391 PMCID: PMC4254702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two vaccines expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes of melanoma-associated Ags (MAAs) by a chimpanzee-derived replication-defective AdC68 vector were compared in a mouse model of melanoma. In one vaccine, termed AdC68-gDMelapoly, the epitopes were expressed as a fusion protein within HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD), which blocks immunoinhibitory signaling through the herpes virus entry mediator pathway. The other vaccine, termed AdC68-Melapoly, expressed only the MAA epitopes. AdC68-gDMelapoly induced more potent MAA-specific CD8(+) T cell responses especially to the subdominant MAA epitopes. Upon prophylactic vaccination, mice that developed CD8(+) T cell responses to the two vaccines that were comparable in magnitude showed equal protection against tumor challenge. When mice were first challenged with tumor cells and then vaccinated results differed. In animals with comparable CD8(+) T cell responses, the AdC68-gDMelapoly vaccine was more efficacious compared with the AdC68-Melapoly vaccine in delaying tumor growth. This effect was linked to reduced expression of 2B4, LAG-3, and programmed death-1 on tumor-infiltrating MAA-specific CD8(+) T cells elicited by the gD-adjuvanted vaccine, suggesting that CD8(+) T cells induced in presence of gD are less susceptible to tumor-driven exhaustion.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/prevention & control
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Hildegund C J Ertl
- Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Wistar Institute Vaccine Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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46
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Su SS, He H, Kong LB, Zhang YG, Zhao SX, Wang RQ, Zheng HW, Sun DX, Nan YM, Yu J. Regulatory phenotype, PD-1 and TLR3 expression in T cells and monocytes from HCV patients undergoing antiviral therapy: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93620. [PMID: 24709775 PMCID: PMC3977904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The cellular immunity has a profound impact on the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the response of cellular immunity on the virological response in patients with antiviral treatment remains largely unclear. We aimed to clarify the response of peripheral T cells and monocytes in chronic hepatitis C patients with antiviral treatment. METHODS Patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated either with interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin (n = 37) or with pegylated interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin (n = 33) for up to 24 weeks. Frequencies of peripheral regulatory T-cells (Tregs), programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressing CD4+ T-cells or CD8+ T-cells and toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 expressing CD14+ monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry in patients at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks following treatment and in 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Frequencies of Tregs, PD-1 and TLR3 expressing cells were higher in patients than those in control subjects (P<0.05). Patients with complete early virological response (cEVR) showed lower Tregs, PD-1 expressing CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells than those without cEVR at 12 weeks (P<0.05). Patients with low TLR3 expressing CD14+ monocytes at baseline had a high rate of cEVR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low peripheral TLR3 expressing CD14+ monocytes at baseline could serve as a predictor for cEVR of antiviral therapy in chronic HCV-infected patients. The cEVR rates were significantly increased in the patients with reduced circulating Tregs, PD-1 expressing CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR10001090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-shan Su
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling-bo Kong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-guo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Su-xian Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong-qi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan-wei Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dian-xing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue-min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Zhu D, Liu F, Dai F, Luo X, Hong B. [Expression of programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 in the peripheral T-lymphocytes from patients with chronic periodontitis]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 49:216-219. [PMID: 24969595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in peripheral T-lymphocytes from patients with chronic periodontitis and its significance and to clarify its role in the development of chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 73 subjects were included in the study and divided into three groups, chronic periodontitis(30 cases), chronic gingivitis(25 cases) and 18 healthy controls. The peripheral blood was collected and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the surface of CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes was examined by flow cytometry. Blood samples from 16 chronic periodontitis patients were collected at week 0 and 6 after initial therapy for 6 weeks and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the surface of CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes was also determined by flow cytometry. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The percentage of PD-1 expression in CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of chronic periodontitis group[(16.7 ± 5.5)%,(20.8 ± 5.1)%]and chronic gingivitis group[(14.2 ± 6.1)%,(14.5 ± 4.3)%]were higher than that of healthy controls[(9.5 ± 2.1)%, (8.1 ± 1.9)%](P < 0.05). The percentage of PD-L1 expression in CD(+)4 and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of chronic periodontitis group[(24.2 ± 7.1)%,(15.3 ± 6.8)%]and chronic gingivitis group[(12.4 ± 6.0)%,(11.2 ± 5.5)%]were higher than that of healthy controls[(4.7 ± 1.2)%, (3.2 ± 2.3)%] (P < 0.05). The percentage of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocytes of the chronic periodontitis group were significantly decreased after initial therapy(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral CD(+)4 T lymphocytes and CD(+)8 T lymphocyte of chronic periodontitis patients was up-regulated and was associated with periodontal condition. The initial therapy reduced the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China.
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48
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Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Xiao P, Hogg AE, Demberg T, McKinnon K, Venzon D, Brocca-Cofano E, DiPasquale J, Lee EM, Hudacik L, Pal R, Sui Y, Berzofsky JA, Liu L, Langermann S, Robert-Guroff M. Immune targeting of PD-1(hi) expressing cells during and after antiretroviral therapy in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Virology 2013; 447:274-84. [PMID: 24210124 PMCID: PMC3869407 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High-level T cell expression of PD-1 during SIV infection is correlated with impaired proliferation and function. We evaluated the phenotype and distribution of T cells and Tregs during antiretroviral therapy plus PD-1 modulation (using a B7-DC-Ig fusion protein) and post-ART. Chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques received: 11 weeks of ART (Group A); 11 weeks of ART plus B7-DC-Ig (Group B); 11 weeks of ART plus B7-DC-Ig, then 12 weeks of B7-DC-Ig alone (Group C). Continuous B7-DC-Ig treatment (Group C) decreased rebound viremia post-ART compared to pre-ART levels, associated with decreased PD-1(hi) expressing T cells and Tregs in PBMCs, and PD-1(hi) Tregs in lymph nodes. It transiently decreased expression of Ki67 and α4β7 in PBMC CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs for up to 8 weeks post-ART and maintained Ag-specific T-cell responses at low levels. Continued immune modulation targeting PD-1(hi) cells during and post-ART helps maintain lower viremia, keeps a favorable T cell/Treg repertoire and modulates antigen-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Xiao
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alison E. Hogg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Janet DiPasquale
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eun M. Lee
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories Inc., Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Lauren Hudacik
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories Inc., Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories Inc., Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Linda Liu
- Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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49
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Badoual C, Combe P, Gey A, Granier C, Roussel H, De Guillebon E, Oudard S, Tartour E. [PD-1 and PDL-1 expression in cancer: significance and prognostic value]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:570-2. [PMID: 23859507 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013296005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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50
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Badoual C, Hans S, Merillon N, Van Ryswick C, Ravel P, Benhamouda N, Levionnois E, Nizard M, Si-Mohamed A, Besnier N, Gey A, Rotem-Yehudar R, Pere H, Tran T, Guerin CL, Chauvat A, Dransart E, Alanio C, Albert S, Barry B, Sandoval F, Quintin-Colonna F, Bruneval P, Fridman WH, Lemoine FM, Oudard S, Johannes L, Olive D, Brasnu D, Tartour E. PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 73:128-38. [PMID: 23135914 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) have a more favorable clinical outcome than HPV-negative cancers, but it is unknown why this is the case. We hypothesized that prognosis was affected by intrinsic features of HPV-infected tumor cells or differences in host immune response. In this study, we focused on a comparison of regulatory Foxp3(+) T cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1)(+) T cells in the microenvironment of tumors that were positive or negative for HPV, in two groups that were matched for various clinical and biologic parameters. HPV-positive head and neck cancers were more heavily infiltrated by regulatory T cells and PD-1(+) T cells and the levels of PD-1(+) cells were positively correlated with a favorable clinical outcome. In explaining this paradoxical result, we showed that these PD-1(+) T cells expressed activation markers and were functional after blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 axis in vitro. Approximately 50% of PD-1(+) tumor-infiltrating T cells lacked Tim-3 expression and may indeed represent activated T cells. In mice, administration of a cancer vaccine increased PD-1 on T cells with concomitant tumor regression. In this setting, PD-1 blockade synergized with vaccine in eliciting antitumor efficacy. Our findings prompt a need to revisit the significance of PD-1-infiltrating T cells in cancer, where we suggest that PD-1 detection may reflect a previous immune response against tumors that might be reactivated by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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