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Holland BC, Sood A, Delfino K, Dynda DI, Ran S, Freed N, Alanee S. Age and sex have no impact on expression levels of markers of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint pathways in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:991-997. [PMID: 30997535 PMCID: PMC11028177 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced age and female sex have been associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A reduced immune response has been implicated as a mechanism. The objective of our study was to analyze the expression patterns of various cellular proteins active in bladder cancer immune pathways, and assess the correlation between age, sex, and the expression of these immune markers. METHODS We obtained surgical tissue samples from equally distributed male/female patients with/without lymph node metastasis who had undergone radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder (n = 50). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3 (cluster of differentiation), CD4, CD8, CD56, LAG-3 (lymphocyte-activation gene), TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain), PD-1 (programmed death) and PD-L1 molecules was performed and scored by a single pathologist (high versus low). Spearman's correlation and Chi square tests investigated the association between age, sex, and IHC results. RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 67 years (range 50-78 years); all patients were Caucasians. The following percent of patients scored high for a stain: 18% CD3, 10% CD4, 0% CD8, 0% CD56, 20% LAG-3, 4% TIM-3, 0% PD-1 and 0% PD-L1. There was no association between patients' age, sex, and the expression of any of the immune markers (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The association between advanced age, female sex, and worse outcomes in bladder cancer may be independent of the immune pathways active in the disease that we examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Holland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- VCORE-Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics, and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Danuta I Dynda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Freed
- Pathology Associates of Central Illinois, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shaheen Alanee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
- VCORE-Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics, and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Searl TJ, Dynda DI, Alanee SR, El-Zawahry AM, McVary KT, Silinsky EM. A1 Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Parasympathetic Neuromuscular Transmission in Human and Murine Urinary Bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:116-22. [PMID: 26534943 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of A1 adenosine receptors in modulating neuromuscular transmission in the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder has been tested in human and murine preparations with the intent to determine the viability of using adenosine receptor agonists as adjuncts to treat overactive bladder. In human detrusor muscle preparations, contractile responses to electrical field stimulation were inhibited by the selective A1 adenosine receptor agonists 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), and adenosine (rank order of potency: 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine > CPA > adenosine). Pretreatment with 8-cyclopentyl-3-[3-[[4(fluorosulphonyl)benzoyl]oxy]propyl]-1-propylxanthine, an irreversible A1 antagonist, blocked the effects of CPA, thus confirming the role of A1 receptors in human detrusor preparations. In murine detrusor muscle preparations, contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation were reduced by CPA or adenosine. Amplitudes of the P2X purinoceptor-mediated excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) recorded with intracellular microelectrodes were reduced in amplitude by CPA and adenosine with no effect on the spontaneous EJP amplitudes, confirming the prejunctional action of these agents. 8-Cyclopentyltheophylline, a selective A1 receptor antagonist, reversed the effects of CPA on EJP amplitudes with no effect of spontaneous EJPs, confirming the role of A1 receptors in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Searl
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
| | - Danuta I Dynda
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
| | - Shaheen R Alanee
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
| | - Ahmed M El-Zawahry
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
| | - Kevin T McVary
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
| | - Eugene M Silinsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (T.J.S., E.M.S.); and Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois (D.I.D., S.R.A., A.M.E.-Z., K.T.M.)
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Frye TP, Sadowski DJ, Zahnd WE, Jenkins WD, Dynda DI, Mueller GS, Alanee SR, McVary KT. Impact of County Rurality and Urologist Density on Urological Cancer Mortality in Illinois. J Urol 2015; 193:1608-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Frye
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Daniel J. Sadowski
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Whitney E. Zahnd
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Wiley D. Jenkins
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Danuta I. Dynda
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Georgia S. Mueller
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Shaheen R. Alanee
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Kevin T. McVary
- Division of Urology and Center for Clinical Research (WEZ, WDJ, DID, GSM), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Fiuk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley C Holland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Danuta I Dynda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Shaheen R Alanee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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Alanee S, Dynda DI, Hemmer P, Schwartz B. Low enhancing papillary renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by using dual energy computerized tomography: a case report and review of literature. BMC Urol 2014; 14:102. [PMID: 25524502 PMCID: PMC4289588 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a mixed group of tumors that constitutes about 15-20% of all renal cortical cancers. Strong enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) is a feature of clear cell, but not of pRCC making the differentiation of papillary tumors from benign cysts a diagnostic problem in some cases. CASE PRESENTATION We report here a case of a female patient with pRCC that was initially diagnosed as a benign renal cyst. The patient is a 66 year old Caucasian female who initially presented with an ultrasound showing a 2.6 cm hypo-echoic lesion within the inferior pole of her left kidney. This was followed by a contrast enhanced computerized tomography that suggested the hypo-echoic lesion to be a hyper-attenuating benign renal cyst. Follow-up CT scan 4 months later demonstrated an increase in the size of the lesion to 3.2 cm with equivocal enhancement. A dual energy computerized tomography (DECT) showed the lesion to be a solid mass suspicious for renal cell carcinoma. A robotic partial nephrectomy revealed a papillary renal cell carcinoma with negative margins. CONCLUSION In this case report, we reviewed the literature on variations in enhancement of renal tumors and the possible role of dual energy contract enhanced CT in differentiating papillary tumors with low enhancement from benign kidney cystic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Alanee
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Division of Urology, 301 N Eighth St - St John's Pavilion, PO Box 19665, 62794-9665 Springfield, IL, USA.
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Huettner F, Rammos CK, Dynda DI, Lange ML, Marshall JS, Rossi TR, DeBord JR. Body composition analysis in bariatric surgery: use of air displacement plethysmograph. Am Surg 2012; 78:698-701. [PMID: 22643267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent excess weight loss are used to assess patient outcomes after bariatric surgery; however, they provide little insight into the true nature of the patient's weight loss. Body composition measurements monitor fat versus lean mass losses to permit interventions to reduce or avoid lean body mass loss after bariatric surgery. A retrospective review of patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2002 and 2008 was performed. Patients underwent body composition testing via air displacement plethysmography before and after surgery (6 and 12 months). Body composition changes were assessed and compared with the BMI. Results include 330 patients (54 male, 276 female). Average preoperative weight was 139 kg, BMI was 50 kg/m(2), fat percentage was 55 per cent, and lean mass percent was 45 per cent. Twelve months after surgery average weight was 90 kg, mean BMI was 32 kg/m(2), fat percentage was 38 per cent, and lean mass percent was 62 per cent. Body composition measurements help monitor fat losses versus lean mass gains after bariatric surgery. This may give a better assessment of the patient's health and metabolic state than either BMI or excess weight loss and permits intervention if weight loss results in lean mass losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Huettner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Huettner F, Alley RA, Doubet JL, Ryan MJ, Dynda DI, Crawford DL. Robotic Foregut Surgery: One Surgeon’s Experience with Nissen Fundoplication, Esophagomyotomy, and Hiatal Hernia Repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ss.2012.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dynda DI, Andrews JA, Chiou AC, DeBord JR. Project PROMIS: Peoria Regional Outpatient Medical Imaging Study. Am J Surg 2008; 195:322-7; discussion 327-8. [PMID: 18308039 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) accounts for > 15,000 reported deaths annually. Early screening in high-risk populations is important to decrease morbidity and mortality from rupture. METHODS A prospective, population-based study of free ultrasound-based AAA screening was conducted from July 2004 to December 2006. Before examination, subjects completed surveys asking their medical history, including known AAA risk factors. Incidence rates and comparison analyses were performed. RESULTS The final analysis included 979 patients, of whom AAA was discovered in 27 (2.8%). AAA was found in only male patients > 60 years old (4% of the male population). AAA size ranged from 3 to 10 cm. Of patients diagnosed with AAA, 85% were current or past smokers, and 70% had hypercholesterolemia. There was a 6% incidence of AAA in male smokers > or = 60 years old who had hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS Four factors were predominant in our population of patients with AAA: patient age, male sex, smoking history, and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta I Dynda
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61603, USA.
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Rossi TR, Dynda DI, Estes NC, Marshall JS. Stricture dilation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Am J Surg 2005; 189:357-60. [PMID: 15792769 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In surgical treatment of morbid obesity, maintaining a restrictive anastomosis is key to long-range success. However, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) may result in gastrojejunal (GJ) stricture, requiring treatment in up to 27% of patients. METHODS This is a retrospective review of the outcome of 223 consecutive LRYGB patients. Patients developing stricture received standard endoscopic balloon dilation by the same surgeon. Stricture and nonstricture groups were compared for excess body weight loss (EBWL) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS GJ stricture requiring dilation occurred in 38 patients (17%). After dilation all patients were relieved of stricture symptoms and none required revision. By 12 months, patients with stricture had an EBWL of 86% compared with nonstrictured patients at 75%. CONCLUSION Endoscopic balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment option for GJ stricture. Improved weight loss occurred for patients with stricture requiring dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Rossi
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 624 N.E. Glen Oak Ave., Peoria, IL 61603-3135, USA
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