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Guo T, Miao C, Liu Z, Duan J, Ma Y, Zhang X, Yang W, Xue M, Deng Q, Guo P, Xi Y, Yang X, Huang X, Ge W. Impaired dNKAP function drives genome instability and tumorigenic growth in Drosophila epithelia. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad078. [PMID: 38059855 PMCID: PMC11070879 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations or dysregulated expression of NF-kappaB-activating protein (NKAP) family genes have been found in human cancers. How NKAP family gene mutations promote tumor initiation and progression remains to be determined. Here, we characterized dNKAP, the Drosophila homolog of NKAP, and showed that impaired dNKAP function causes genome instability and tumorigenic growth in a Drosophila epithelial tumor model. dNKAP-knockdown wing imaginal discs exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, including tissue overgrowth, cell-invasive behavior, abnormal cell polarity, and cell adhesion defects. dNKAP knockdown causes both R-loop accumulation and DNA damage, indicating the disruption of genome integrity. Further analysis showed that dNKAP knockdown induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent apoptosis and causes aberrant cell proliferation in distinct cell populations. Activation of the Notch and JAK/STAT signaling pathways contributes to the tumorigenic growth of dNKAP-knockdown tissues. Furthermore, JNK signaling is essential for dNKAP depletion-mediated cell invasion. Transcriptome analysis of dNKAP-knockdown tissues confirmed the misregulation of signaling pathways involved in promoting tumorigenesis and revealed abnormal regulation of metabolic pathways. dNKAP knockdown and oncogenic Ras, Notch, or Yki mutations show synergies in driving tumorigenesis, further supporting the tumor-suppressive role of dNKAP. In summary, this study demonstrates that dNKAP plays a tumor-suppressive role by preventing genome instability in Drosophila epithelia and thus provides novel insights into the roles of human NKAP family genes in tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chen Miao
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingwei Duan
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maoguang Xue
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiannan Deng
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Xu X, Gao C, Ye F, Peng A, Xu J, Jin K, Zhang J, Ye Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Shen S, Jin F. From phenotype to mechanism: Prenatal spectrum of NKAP mutation-related disorder and its pathogenesis inducing congenital heart disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18305. [PMID: 38647244 PMCID: PMC11034370 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NKAP mutations are associated with Hackmann-Di Donato-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHD, MIM: #301039). Here, we elucidate the potential prenatal manifestation of NKAP mutation-associated disorder for the first time, alongside revealing the relationship between NKAP mutations and congenital heart defect (CHD) in the Chinese population. An NKAP mutation (NM_024528.4: c.988C>T, p.Arg330Cys) was identified in two foetuses presenting with CHD. Subsequent mechanistic exploration revealed a marked downregulation of NKAP transcription within HEK293T cells transfected with NKAP p.R330C. However, no significant change was observed at the protein level. Moreover, the mutation led to a dysregulation in the transcription of genes associated with cardiac morphogenesis, such as DHRS3, DNAH11 and JAG1. Additionally, our research determined that NKAP p.R330C affected Nkap protein intra-nuclear distribution, and binding with Hdac3. Summarily, our study strengthens NKAP mutations as a cause of CHD and prompts the reclassification of NKAP p.R330C as likely pathogenic, thereby establishing a prospective prenatal phenotypic spectrum that provides new insight into the prenatal diagnosis of CHD. Our findings also provide evidence of NKAP p.R330C pathogenicity and demonstrate the potential mechanism by which p.R330C dysregulates cardiac developmental gene transcription by altering Nkap intra-nuclear distribution and obstructing the interaction between Nkap and Hdac3, thereby leading to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayuan Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang ProvinceDian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fenglei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyLishui Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Keqin Jin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Yun Ye
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Yanfen Yang
- Department of UltrasonographyJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang ProvinceDian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shuangshuang Shen
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Fan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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3
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Zhang X, Duan J, Li Y, Jin X, Wu C, Yang X, Lu W, Ge W. NKAP acts with HDAC3 to prevent R-loop associated genome instability. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1811-1828. [PMID: 37322264 PMCID: PMC10307950 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent R-loop accumulation can cause DNA damage and lead to genome instability, which contributes to various human diseases. Identification of molecules and signaling pathways in controlling R-loop homeostasis provide important clues about their physiological and pathological roles in cells. Here, we show that NKAP (NF-κB activating protein) is essential for preventing R-loop accumulation and maintaining genome integrity through forming a protein complex with HDAC3. NKAP depletion causes DNA damage and genome instability. Aberrant accumulation of R-loops is present in NKAP-deficient cells and leads to DNA damage and DNA replication fork progression defects. Moreover, NKAP depletion induced R-loops and DNA damage are dependent on transcription. Consistently, the NKAP interacting protein HDAC3 exhibits a similar role in suppressing R-loop associated DNA damage and replication stress. Further analysis uncovers that HDAC3 functions to stabilize NKAP protein, independent of its deacetylase activity. In addition, NKAP prevents R-loop formation by maintaining RNA polymerase II pausing. Importantly, R-loops induced by NKAP or HDAC3 depletion are processed into DNA double-strand breaks by XPF and XPG endonucleases. These findings indicate that both NKAP and HDAC3 are novel key regulators of R-loop homeostasis, and their dysregulation might drive tumorigenesis by causing R-loop associated genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Duan
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Fernandes Â, Azevedo CM, Silva MC, Faria G, Dantas CS, Vicente MM, Pinho SS. Glycans as shapers of tumour microenvironment: A sweet driver of T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immune response. Immunology 2023; 168:217-232. [PMID: 35574724 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essentially all cells are covered with a dense coat of different glycan structures/sugar chains, giving rise to the so-called glycocalyx. Changes in cellular glycosylation are a hallmark of cancer, affecting most of the pathophysiological processes associated with malignant transformation, including tumour immune responses. Glycans are chief macromolecules that define T-cell development, differentiation, fate, activation and signalling. Thus, the diversity of glycans expressed at the surface of T cells constitutes a fundamental molecular interface with the microenvironment by regulating the bilateral interactions between T-cells and cancer cells, fine-tuning the anti-tumour immune response. In this review, we will introduce the power of glycans as orchestrators of T-cell-mediated immune response in physiological conditions and in cancer. We discuss how glycans modulate the glyco-metabolic landscape in the tumour microenvironment, and whether glycans can synergize with immunotherapy as a way of rewiring T-cell effector functions against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Fernandes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biological Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana C Silva
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biological Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Faria
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina S Dantas
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biological Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel M Vicente
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biological Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biological Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Ao YQ, Jiang JH, Gao J, Wang HK, Ding JY. Recent thymic emigrants as the bridge between thymoma and autoimmune diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Sun S, Gao T, Pang B, Su X, Guo C, Zhang R, Pang Q. RNA binding protein NKAP protects glioblastoma cells from ferroptosis by promoting SLC7A11 mRNA splicing in an m 6A-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:73. [PMID: 35064112 PMCID: PMC8783023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have reported that knockout of NF-κB activating protein (NKAP), an RNA-binding protein, increased lipid peroxidation level in naive T cells and induced cell death in colon cancer cells. However, there was no literature reported the relationship between NKAP and ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells. Notably, the mechanism of NKAP modulating ferroptosis is still unknown. Here, we found NKAP knockdown induced cell death in glioblastoma cells. Silencing NKAP increased the cell sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous overexpression of NKAP promoted cell resistance to ferroptosis inducers by positively regulating a ferroptosis defense protein, namely cystine/glutamate antiporter (SLC7A11). The regulation of SLC7A11 by NKAP can be weakened by the m6A methylation inhibitor cycloleucine and knockdown of the m6A writer METTL3. NKAP combined the “RGAC” motif which was exactly in line with the m6A motif “RGACH” (R = A/G, H = A/U/C) uncovered by the m6A-sequence. RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) proved the interaction between NKAP and m6A on SLC7A11 transcript. Following its binding to m6A, NKAP recruited the splicing factor proline and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) to recognize the splice site and then conducted transcription termination site (TTS) splicing event on SLC7A11 transcript and the retention of the last exon, screened by RNA-sequence and Mass Spectrometry (MS). In conclusion, NKAP acted as a new ferroptosis suppressor by binding to m6A and then promoting SLC7A11 mRNA splicing and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Taihong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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7
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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Rabiei N, Piroozmand H, Vosough M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. The role of non-coding RNAs in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:892-926. [PMID: 34760336 PMCID: PMC8551789 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors, are responsible for large numbers of deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is the most common approach used to treat advanced GI cancer. However, chemoresistance has emerged as a critical challenge that prevents successful tumor elimination, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Chemoresistance mechanisms are complex, and many factors and pathways are involved. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of GI tumor development and subsequently can induce resistance to chemotherapy. This occurs because ncRNAs can target multiple signaling pathways, affect downstream genes, and modulate proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and autophagy. ncRNAs can also induce cancer stem cell features and affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, ncRNAs could possibly act as new targets in chemotherapy combinations to treat GI cancer and to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Piroozmand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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8
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Liang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Sun L, Dong X, Li T, Tan L, Xie X, Sun L, Zhao Y. The Development and Survival of Thymic Epithelial Cells Require TSC1-Dependent Negative Regulation of mTORC1 Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2039-2050. [PMID: 34535574 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the development and generation of functionally competent T cells. Until now, the mechanism that regulates the survival of TECs is poorly understood. In the current study, we found that Tsc1 controls the homeostasis of medullary TECs (mTECs) by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis pathway in mice. TEC-specific deletion of Tsc1 predominately decreased the cell number of mTECs and, to a lesser content, affected the development cortical TECs. The defect of mTECs caused by Tsc1 deficiency in mice impaired thymocyte development and peripheral T cell homeostasis. Mechanistically, Tsc1 deficiency did not affect the cell proliferation of mTECs but increased the apoptosis of mTECs significantly. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that pathways involved in lysosomal biogenesis, cell metabolism, and apoptosis were remarkably elevated in Tsc1-deficient mTECs compared with their wild-type counterparts. Tsc1-deficient mTECs exhibited overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of lysosome, with lysosome membrane permeabilization and the release of cathepsin B and cathepsin L to the cytosol, which then lead to Bid cleaved into active truncated Bid and subsequently intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, we showed that the impaired development of mTECs could be partially reversed by decreasing mTORC1 activity via haploinsufficiency of Raptor Thus, Tsc1 is essential for the homeostasis of mTECs by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis through mTORC1-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; and .,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Liu J, Zhang M, Kan Y, Wang W, Liu J, Gong J, Yang J. Nuclear Factor-κB Activating Protein Plays an Oncogenic Role in Neuroblastoma Tumorigenesis and Recurrence Through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622793. [PMID: 33553160 PMCID: PMC7859273 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB activating protein (NKAP) is a conserved nuclear protein that acts as an oncogene in various cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of NKAP in neuroblastoma (NB) progression and recurrence. We compared NKAP gene expression between 89 recurrence and 134 non-recurrence patients with NB by utilizing the ArrayExpress database. The relationship between NKAP expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated by correlation analysis. We knocked down NKAP expression in NB1 and SK-N-SH cells by small interfering RNA transfection to verify its role in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. NKAP gene expression in NB tissues was significantly overexpressed in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group, and NKAP was enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Correlation analysis revealed NKAP expression was correlated with chromosome 11q deletion in patients with NB. Knockdown of NKAP expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of NB1 and SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, we found that small interfering NKAP significantly reduced p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. NKAP knockdown played an oncogenic role in NB by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activations both in vitro and in vivo. Our research revealed that NKAP mediates NB cells by inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and the expression of NKAP may act as a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and chromosome 11q deletion in patients with NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Kan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Oncology Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Ma Q, Hou L, Gao X, Yan K. NKAP promotes renal cell carcinoma growth via AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:574-581. [PMID: 32032976 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common site for malignant tumours worldwide leading to a high risk of death. NKAP is a conserved nuclear protein that has critical roles in the development, maturation, and functional acquisition of T cells, iNKT cells, and cancers. But the function and underlying mechanism of NKAP in RCC is still unknown. Knockdown of NKAP by siRNA interference (siNKAP) was used to explore the roles of NAKP in human RCC cells. Here, we found that siNKAP strongly inhibited the proliferation and motility of Ketr-3 and 786-0 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in the siNKAP group was strongly decreased, while the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-9 was significantly increased. Finally, to identify the potential mechanisms, we detected related proteins of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway by western blot assay. We found that siNKAP significantly inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. The findings for the first time reveal that the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway is involved in the oncogenic role of NKAP in RCC, which provides an important basis for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of RCC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: There is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms involved in RCC to promote the development of early diagnosis and more effective treatment options. This research provides an important basis for exploring the accurate regulatory mechanism of NKAP in RCC and a novel perspective to find the potential utility of NKAP inhibitors for RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Keqiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Wei Y, Wang Y, Zang A, Wang Z, Fang G, Hong D. MiR-4766-5p Inhibits The Development And Progression Of Gastric Cancer By Targeting NKAP. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8525-8536. [PMID: 31802890 PMCID: PMC6801498 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is widely known that some specific microRNAs can regulate the expressions of genes in gastric cancer cells at the post-transcriptional level. Previous studies have identified that miRNA-4766-5p was involved in tumor cell proliferation and can be an independent prognostic indicator for malignant pleural mesothelioma. However, the mechanism underlying gastric cancer via the miRNA-4766-5p pathway remains to be blank. Methods We investigated the expression of miR-4766-5p in gastric cancer tissues and cells through qRT-PCR. We used RNAi to change the expressions of miR-4766-5p in gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect the mRNA expression of miR-4766-5p. We identified cell proliferation by CCK8 and clone formation assays. We analyzed the cell apoptosis and cycle through flow cytometry. At last, we used a dual-luciferase reporter assay to illustrate the interaction between miR-4766-5p and NKAP and used Western blot to determine the protein expression of signaling pathways. Results We found that 1) miR-4766-5p was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells lines; 2) miR-4766-5p inhibited cell proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines significantly; 3) miR-4766-5p significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells; 4) miR-4766-5p induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis. 5) NKAP was a direct target gene of miR-4766-5p; and 6) miR-4766-5p induced inactivation of AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion The above results indicate that miR-4766-5p suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through targeting NKAP. Our findings could probably contribute to the diagnostics and prognostics of gastric cancer through new methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medical Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Fang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Shapiro MJ, Anderson J, Lehrke MJ, Chen M, Nelson Holte M, Shapiro VS. NKAP Regulates Senescence and Cell Death Pathways in Hematopoietic Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31632967 PMCID: PMC6783958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NKAP is a multi-functional nuclear protein that has been shown to be essential for hematopoiesis. Deletion of NKAP in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was previously found to result in rapid lethality and hematopoietic failure. NKAP deficient cells also exhibited diminished proliferation and increased expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p19 Ink4d and p21 Cip1. To determine how dysregulation of CDKI expression contributes to the effects of NKAP deficiency, NKAP was deleted in mice also deficient in p19 Ink4d or p21 Cip1 using poly-IC treatment to induce Mx1-cre. Hematopoietic failure and lethality were not prevented by deficiency in either CDKI when NKAP was deleted. Inducible deletion of NKAP in cultured hematopoietic progenitors ex vivo resulted in a senescent phenotype and altered expression of numerous cell cycle regulators including the CDKI p16 INK4a. Interestingly, while combined deficiency in p16 INK4a and p21 Cip1 did not reverse the effect of NKAP deficiency on hematopoiesis in vivo, it did shift the consequence of NKAP deficiency from senescence to apoptosis in ex vivo cultures. These results suggest that NKAP may limit cellular stress that can trigger cell cycle withdrawal or cell death, a role critical for the maintenance of a viable pool of hematopoietic progenitors.
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13
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Li F, Wu JT, Wang PF, Qu LZ. NKAP functions as an oncogene in Ewing sarcoma cells partly through the AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3037-3045. [PMID: 31555387 PMCID: PMC6755408 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) is a highly conserved protein involved in transcriptional repression, immune cell development, maturation, acquisition of functional competency and maintenance of hematopoiesis. In the present study, the function of NKAP in the progress of Ewing sarcoma (ES) was investigated. It was identified that NKAP is highly expressed in ES cells when compared with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). NKAP was knocked-down in human ES cell lines A673 and RD-ES using small interfering (si)RNA transfection. The effectiveness of transfection was then verified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis to determine mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The results of the proliferation assays indicated that the knockdown of NKAP inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic abilities of human ES cells. Transwell assays further indicated that cell invasion and migration were significantly inhibited by NKAP knockdown, which may be mediated by downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. Gain-of-function analysis also demonstrated the positive role NKAP played in the proliferation, invasion and migration of ES cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, which identified that apoptotic cells were significantly increased when NKAP was silenced. In addition, downregulation of NKAP increased the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, but decreased Bcl2 levels, which suggested that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated. To explore the action mechanism of NKAP, the status of the AKT signaling pathway in NKAP-silenced A673 and RD-ES cells was investigated. Results indicated that NKAP knockdown led to decreased phosphorylation of AKT and expression of cyclin D1, a down-stream effector of the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study revealed that NKAP promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ES cells, at least partly, through the AKT signaling pathway, providing new approaches for the therapeutic application of NKAP in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tengnan Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Jining, Shandong 277000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Hand, Foot and Microsurgery, Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277800, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Qu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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14
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Dash B, Shapiro MJ, Thapa P, Romero Arocha S, Chung JY, Schwab AD, McCue SA, Rajcula MJ, Shapiro VS. The Interaction between NKAP and HDAC3 Is Critical for T Cell Maturation. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:352-367. [PMID: 31387873 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKAP and HDAC3 are critical for T cell maturation. NKAP and HDAC3 physically associate, and a point mutation in NKAP, NKAP(Y352A), abrogates this interaction. To evaluate the significance of NKAP and HDAC3 association in T cell maturation, transgenic mice were engineered for cre-mediated endogenous NKAP gene deletion coupled to induction of NKAP(Y352A) or a wild type (WT) control transgene, NKAP(WT), in double positive thymocytes or regulatory T cells (Tregs). T cell maturation was normal in mice with endogenous NKAP deletion coupled to NKAP(WT) induction. However, severe defects occurred in T cell and Treg maturation and in iNKT cell development when NKAP(Y352A) was induced, recapitulating NKAP deficiency. Conventional T cells expressing NKAP(Y352A) failed to enter the long-term T cell pool, did not produce cytokines, and remained complement susceptible, whereas Tregs expressing NKAP(Y352A) were eliminated as recent thymic emigrants leading to lethal autoimmunity. Overall, these results demonstrate the significance of NKAP-HDAC3 association in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Dash
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Ji-Young Chung
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Aaron D Schwab
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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15
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Dash B, Belmonte PJ, Fine SR, Shapiro MJ, Chung JY, Schwab AD, McCue SA, Rajcula MJ, Shapiro VS. Murine T Cell Maturation Entails Protection from MBL2, but Complement Proteins Do Not Drive Clearance of Cells That Fail Maturation in the Absence of NKAP. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:408-417. [PMID: 31175160 PMCID: PMC6615991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants that fail postpositive selection maturation are targeted by complement proteins. T cells likely acquire complement resistance during maturation in the thymus, a complement-privileged organ. To test this, thymocytes and fresh serum were separately obtained and incubated together in vitro to assess complement deposition. Complement binding decreased with development and maturation. Complement binding decreased from the double-positive thymocyte to the single-positive stage, and within single-positive thymocytes, complement binding gradually decreased with increasing intrathymic maturation. Binding of the central complement protein C3 to wild-type immature thymocytes required the lectin but not the classical pathway. Specifically, MBL2 but not MBL1 was required, demonstrating a unique function for MBL2. Previous studies demonstrated that the loss of NKAP, a transcriptional regulator of T cell maturation, caused peripheral T cell lymphopenia and enhanced complement susceptibility. To determine whether complement causes NKAP-deficient T cell disappearance, both the lectin and classical pathways were genetically ablated. This blocked C3 deposition on NKAP-deficient T cells but failed to restore normal cellularity, indicating that complement contributes to clearance but is not the primary cause of peripheral T cell lymphopenia. Rather, the accumulation of lipid peroxides in NKAP-deficient T cells was observed. Lipid peroxidation is a salient feature of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. Thus, wild-type thymocytes naturally acquire the ability to protect themselves from complement targeting by MBL2 with maturation. However, NKAP-deficient immature peripheral T cells remain scarce in complement-deficient mice likely due to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Dash
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Sydney R Fine
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Ji Young Chung
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Aaron D Schwab
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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16
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Gu G, Gao T, Zhang L, Chen X, Pang Q, Wang Y, Wang D, Li J, Liu Q. NKAP alters tumor immune microenvironment and promotes glioma growth via Notch1 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:291. [PMID: 31277684 PMCID: PMC6612223 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most aggressive malignant brain tumors which is characterized with highly infiltrative growth and poor prognosis. NKAP (NF-κB activating protein) is a widely expressed 415-amino acid nuclear protein that is overexpressed by gliomas, but its function in glioma was still unknown. Methods CCK8 and EDU assay was used to examine the cell viability in vitro, and the xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of NAKP in vivo. The expressions of NKAP, Notch1 and SDF-1 were analyzed by immunofluorescence analysis. The expression of NKAP and Notch1 in glioma and normal human brain samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, CHIP, Gene chip, western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, ELISA and luciferase assay were used to investigate the internal connection between NKAP and Notch1. Results Here we showed that overexpression of NKAP in gliomas could promote tumor growth by contributing to a Notch1-dependent immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Downregulation of NKAP in gliomas had abrogated tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, compared to the control group, inhibiting NKAP set up obstacles to tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization and recruitment by decreasing the secretion of SDF-1 and M-CSF. To identify the potential mechanisms involved, we performed RNA sequencing analysis and found that Notch1 appeared to positively correlate with the expression of NKAP. Furthermore, we proved that NKAP performed its function via directly binding to Notch1 promoter and trans-activating it. Notch1 inhibition could alleviate NKAP’s gliomagenesis effects. Conclusion these observations suggest that NKAP promotes glioma growth by TAM chemoattraction through upregulation of Notch1 and this finding introduces the potential utility of NKAP inhibitors for glioma therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1281-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Assisted Reproductive Centre, Shandong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Taihong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Shapiro MJ, Lehrke MJ, Chung JY, Romero Arocha S, Shapiro VS. NKAP Must Associate with HDAC3 to Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2287-2295. [PMID: 30804042 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NKAP is a multifunctional nuclear protein that associates with the histone deacetylase HDAC3. Although both NKAP and HDAC3 are critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and survival, it was not known whether these two proteins work together. To assess the importance of their association in vivo, serial truncation and alanine scanning was performed on NKAP to identify the minimal binding site for HDAC3. Mutation of either Y352 or F347 to alanine abrogated the association of NKAP with HDAC3, but did not alter NKAP localization or expression. Using a linked conditional deletion/re-expression system in vivo, we demonstrated that re-expression of the Y352A NKAP mutant failed to restore HSC maintenance and survival in mice when endogenous NKAP expression was eliminated using Mx1-cre and poly-IC, whereas re-expression of wild type NKAP maintained the HSC pool. However, Y352A NKAP did restore proliferation in murine embryonic fibroblasts when endogenous NKAP expression was eliminated using ER-cre and tamoxifen. Therefore, Y352 in NKAP is critical for association with HDAC3 and for HSC maintenance and survival but is not important for proliferation of murine embryonic fibroblasts, demonstrating that NKAP functions in different complexes in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji Young Chung
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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18
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Cunningham CA, Helm EY, Fink PJ. Reinterpreting recent thymic emigrant function: defective or adaptive? Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:1-6. [PMID: 29257954 PMCID: PMC5943149 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are those peripheral T cells that have most recently completed thymic development and egress. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic requirements for RTE maturation to mature naïve (MN) T cells and in detailing the functional differences that characterize these two T cell populations. Much of this work has suggested that RTEs are hypo-functional versions of more mature T cells. However, recent evidence has indicated that rather than being defective T cells, RTEs are exquisitely adapted to their cellular niche. In this review, we argue that RTEs are not flawed mature T cells but are adapted to fill an underpopulated T cell compartment, while maintaining self tolerance and possessing the capacity to mount robust immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Pamela J Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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19
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Goetz B, An W, Mohapatra B, Zutshi N, Iseka F, Storck MD, Meza J, Sheinin Y, Band V, Band H. A novel CBL-Bflox/flox mouse model allows tissue-selective fully conditional CBL/CBL-B double-knockout: CD4-Cre mediated CBL/CBL-B deletion occurs in both T-cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51107-51123. [PMID: 27276677 PMCID: PMC5239462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL-family ubiquitin ligases are critical negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling, with a clear redundancy between CBL and CBL-B evident in the immune cell and hematopoietic stem cell studies. Since CBL and CBL-B are negative regulators of immune cell activation, elimination of their function to boost immune cell activities could be beneficial in tumor immunotherapy. However, mutations of CBL are associated with human leukemias, pointing to tumor suppressor roles of CBL proteins; hence, it is critical to assess the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL and CBL-B in cancers. This has not been possible since the only available whole-body CBL-B knockout mice exhibit constitutive tumor rejection. We engineered a new CBL-Bflox/flox mouse, combined this with an existing CBLflox/flox mouse to generate CBLflox/flox; CBL-Bflox/flox mice, and tested the tissue-specific concurrent deletion of CBL and CBL-B using the widely-used CD4-Cre transgenic allele to produce a T-cell-specific double knockout. Altered T-cell development, constitutive peripheral T-cell activation, and a lethal multi-organ immune infiltration phenotype largely resembling the previous Lck-Cre driven floxed-CBL deletion on a CBL-B knockout background establish the usefulness of the new model for tissue-specific CBL/CBL-B deletion. Unexpectedly, CD4-Cre-induced deletion in a small fraction of hematopoietic stem cells led to expansion of certain non-T-cell lineages, suggesting caution in the use of CD4-Cre for T-cell-restricted gene deletion. The establishment of a new model of concurrent tissue-selective CBL/CBL-B deletion should allow a clear assessment of the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL/CBL-B in non-myeloid malignancies and help test the potential for CBL/CBL-B inactivation in immunotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fany Iseka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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20
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Dash B, Shapiro MJ, Chung JY, Romero Arocha S, Shapiro VS. Treg-specific deletion of NKAP results in severe, systemic autoimmunity due to peripheral loss of Tregs. J Autoimmun 2018; 89:139-148. [PMID: 29366602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are critical for the generation and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Conditional deletion of the transcriptional repressor NKAP in Tregs using Foxp3-YFP-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice causes aggressive autoimmunity characterized by thymic atrophy, lymphadenopathy, peripheral T cell activation, generation of autoantibodies, immune infiltration into several organs, and crusty skin at 3 weeks of age, similar to that of "scurfy" Foxp3-mutant mice. While Treg development in the thymus proceeds normally in the absence of NKAP, there is a severe loss of thymically-derived Tregs in the periphery. NKAP-deficient Tregs have a recent thymic emigrant phenotype, and are attacked by complement in a cell-intrinsic manner in the periphery. Previously, we demonstrated that NKAP is required for conventional T cell maturation as it prevents complement-mediated attack in the periphery. We now show that Tregs undergo a similar maturation process as conventional T cells, requiring NKAP to acquire complement resistance after thymic egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Dash
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ji Young Chung
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Liang Z, Zhang L, Su H, Luan R, Na N, Sun L, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao Y. MTOR signaling is essential for the development of thymic epithelial cells and the induction of central immune tolerance. Autophagy 2018; 14:505-517. [PMID: 29099279 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1376161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the establishment and maintenance of appropriate microenvironment for the positive and negative selection of thymocytes and the induction of central immune tolerance. Yet, little about the molecular regulatory network on TEC development and function is understood. Here, we demonstrate that MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) is essential for proper development and functional maturation of TECs. Pharmacological inhibition of MTOR activity by rapamycin (RPM) causes severe thymic atrophy and reduction of TECs. TEC-specific deletion of Mtor causes the severe reduction of mTECs, the blockage of thymocyte differentiation and output, the reduced generation of thymic regulatory T (Treg) cells and the impaired expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) including Fabp2, Ins1, Tff3 and Chrna1 molecules. Importantly, specific deletion of Mtor in TECs causes autoimmune diseases characterized by enhanced tissue immune cell infiltration and the presence of autoreactive antibodies. Mechanistically, Mtor deletion causes overdegradation of CTNNB1/Beta-Catenin due to excessive autophagy and the attenuation of WNT (wingless-type MMTV integration site family) signaling in TECs. Selective inhibition of autophagy significantly rescued the poor mTEC development caused by Mtor deficiency. Altogether, MTOR is essential for TEC development and maturation by regulating proliferation and WNT signaling activity through autophagy. The present study also implies that long-term usage of RPM might increase the risk of autoimmunity by impairing TEC maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Liang
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huiting Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Rong Luan
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ning Na
- c Department of Kidney Transplantation , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Lina Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- d Department of Urology , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Chaoyang District, Beijing , China
| | - Qian Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Juan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- e Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yong Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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22
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Lang MJ, Mori M, Ruer-Laventie J, Pieters J. A Coronin 1–Dependent Decision Switch in Juvenile Mice Determines the Population of the Peripheral Naive T Cell Compartment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2421-2431. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Cunningham CA, Bergsbaken T, Fink PJ. Cutting Edge: Defective Aerobic Glycolysis Defines the Distinct Effector Function in Antigen-Activated CD8 + Recent Thymic Emigrants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4575-4580. [PMID: 28507025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are the youngest peripheral T cells that have completed thymic selection and egress to the lymphoid periphery. RTEs are functionally distinct from their more mature but still naive T cell counterparts, because they exhibit dampened proliferation and reduced cytokine production upon activation. In this article, we show that, compared with more mature but still naive T cells, RTEs are impaired in their ability to perform aerobic glycolysis following activation. Impaired metabolism underlies the reduced IFN-γ production observed in activated RTEs. This failure to undergo Ag-induced aerobic glycolysis is caused by reduced mTORC1 activity and diminished Myc induction in RTEs. Critically, exogenous IL-2 restores Myc expression in RTEs, driving aerobic glycolysis and IFN-γ production to the level of mature T cells. These results reveal a previously unknown metabolic component to postthymic T cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Tessa Bergsbaken
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Pamela J Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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24
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Navarro J, Gozalbo-López B, Méndez AC, Dantzer F, Schreiber V, Martínez C, Arana DM, Farrés J, Revilla-Nuin B, Bueno MF, Ampurdanés C, Galindo-Campos MA, Knobel PA, Segura-Bayona S, Martin-Caballero J, Stracker TH, Aparicio P, Del Val M, Yélamos J. PARP-1/PARP-2 double deficiency in mouse T cells results in faulty immune responses and T lymphomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41962. [PMID: 28181505 PMCID: PMC5299517 DOI: 10.1038/srep41962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of T-cell homeostasis must be tightly regulated. Here, we have identified a coordinated role of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and PARP-2 in maintaining T-lymphocyte number and function. Mice bearing a T-cell specific deficiency of PARP-2 in a PARP-1-deficient background showed defective thymocyte maturation and diminished numbers of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Meanwhile, peripheral T-cell number was not affected in single PARP-1 or PARP-2-deficient mice. T-cell lymphopenia was associated with dampened in vivo immune responses to synthetic T-dependent antigens and virus, increased DNA damage and T-cell death. Moreover, double-deficiency in PARP-1/PARP-2 in T-cells led to highly aggressive T-cell lymphomas with long latency. Our findings establish a coordinated role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in T-cell homeostasis that might impact on the development of PARP-centred therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalbo-López
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea C Méndez
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, UMR7242-CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, UMR7242-CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, IMIB-LAIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Arana
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Farrés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Revilla-Nuin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Genomic Unit. IMIB-LAIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María F Bueno
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Ampurdanés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Galindo-Campos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip A Knobel
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Segura-Bayona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Aparicio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Del Val
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Tang H, Zhang J, Sun X, Qian X, Zhang Y, Jin R. Thymic DCs derived IL-27 regulates the final maturation of CD4(+) SP thymocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30448. [PMID: 27469302 PMCID: PMC5387111 DOI: 10.1038/srep30448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27, as a pleiotropic cytokine, promotes the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th1, while suppressing Th2 and Th17 differentiation in the periphery. However, the role of IL-27 in the thymocyte development remains unknown. Here we showed that IL-27 was highly expressed in thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) while its receptor expression was mainly detected in CD4+ single-positive (SP) thymocytes. Deletion of the p28 subunit in DCs resulted in a reduction of the most mature Qa-2+ subsets of CD4+ SP T cells. This defect was rescued by intrathymic administration of exogenous IL-27. In vitro differentiation assay further demonstrated that IL-27 alone was able to drive the maturation of the newly generated 6C10+CD69+CD4+ SP cells into Qa-2+ cells. Collectively, this study has revealed an important role of thymic DCs-derived IL-27 in the regulation of the phenotypic maturation of CD4+ SP thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, China
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26
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Thapa P, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Belmonte P, Constans M, Sant'Angelo DB, Shapiro VS. NKAP Regulates Invariant NKT Cell Proliferation and Differentiation into ROR-γt-Expressing NKT17 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4987-98. [PMID: 27183586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a unique lineage with characteristics of both adaptive and innate lymphocytes, and they recognize glycolipids presented by an MHC class I-like CD1d molecule. During thymic development, iNKT cells also differentiate into NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 functional subsets that preferentially produce cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively, upon activation. Newly selected iNKT cells undergo a burst of proliferation, which is defective in mice with a specific deletion of NKAP in the iNKT cell lineage, leading to severe reductions in thymic and peripheral iNKT cell numbers. The decreased cell number is not due to defective homeostasis or increased apoptosis, and it is not rescued by Bcl-xL overexpression. NKAP is also required for differentiation into NKT17 cells, but NKT1 and NKT2 cell development and function are unaffected. This failure in NKT17 development is rescued by transgenic expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger; however, the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger transgene does not restore iNKT cell numbers or the block in positive selection into the iNKT cell lineage in CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice. Therefore, NKAP regulates multiple steps in iNKT cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Thapa
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | | | - Paul Belmonte
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Megan Constans
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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27
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Hsu FC, Shapiro MJ, Dash B, Chen CC, Constans MM, Chung JY, Romero Arocha SR, Belmonte PJ, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Shapiro VS. An Essential Role for the Transcription Factor Runx1 in T Cell Maturation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23533. [PMID: 27020276 PMCID: PMC4810436 DOI: 10.1038/srep23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Runx1 has essential roles throughout hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that Runx1 is critical for T cell maturation. Peripheral naïve CD4(+) T cells from CD4-cre Runx1 cKO mice are phenotypically and functionally immature as shown by decreased production of TNF-α upon TCR stimulation. The loss of peripheral CD4(+) T cells in CD4-cre Runx1 cKO mice is not due to defects in homeostasis or decreased expression of IL-7Rα, as transgenic expression of IL-7Rα does not rescue the loss of CD4(+) T cells. Rather, immature Runx1-deficient CD4(+) T cells are eliminated in the periphery by the activation and fixation of the classical complement pathway. In the thymus, there is a severe block in all aspects of intrathymic T cell maturation, although both positive and negative selection are unaltered. Thus, loss of Runx1 leads to the earliest characterized block in post-positive selection intrathymic maturation of CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Barsha Dash
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Megan M Constans
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ji Young Chung
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Paul J Belmonte
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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28
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Hogquist KA, Xing Y, Hsu FC, Shapiro VS. T Cell Adolescence: Maturation Events Beyond Positive Selection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1351-7. [PMID: 26254267 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-positive thymocytes that successfully complete positive and negative selection must still undergo one final step, generally termed T cell maturation, before they gain functional competency and enter the long-lived T cell pool. Maturation initiates after positive selection in single-positive thymocytes and continues in the periphery in recent thymic emigrants, before these newly produced T cells gain functional competency and are ready to participate in the immune response as peripheral naive T cells. Recent work using genetically altered mice demonstrates that T cell maturation is not a single process, but a series of steps that occur independently and sequentially after positive selection. This review focuses on the changes that occur during T cell maturation, as well as the molecules and pathways that are critical at each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yan Xing
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Fan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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29
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Hsu FC, Belmonte PJ, Constans MM, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Hiebert SW, Shapiro VS. Histone Deacetylase 3 Is Required for T Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1578-90. [PMID: 26163592 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants are newly generated T cells that need to undergo postthymic maturation to gain functional competency and enter the long-lived naive T cell pool. The mechanism of T cell maturation remains incompletely understood. Previously, we demonstrated that the transcriptional repressor NKAP is required for T cell maturation. Because NKAP associates with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), we examined whether HDAC3 is also required for T cell maturation. Although thymic populations are similar in CD4-cre HDAC3 conditional knockout mice compared with wild-type mice, the peripheral numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are dramatically decreased. In the periphery, the majority of HDAC3-deficient naive T cells are recent thymic emigrants, indicating a block in T cell maturation. CD55 upregulation during T cell maturation is substantially decreased in HDAC3-deficient T cells. Consistent with a block in functional maturation, HDAC3-deficient peripheral T cells have a defect in TNF licensing after TCR/CD28 stimulation. CD4-cre HDAC3 conditional knockout mice do not have a defect in intrathymic migration, thymic egress, T cell survival, or homeostasis. In the periphery, similar to immature NKAP-deficient peripheral T cells, HDAC3-deficient peripheral T cells were bound by IgM and complement proteins, leading to the elimination of these cells. In addition, HDAC3-deficient T cells display decreases in the sialic acid modifications on the cell surface that recruit natural IgM to initiate the classical complement pathway. Therefore, HDAC3 is required for T cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Paul J Belmonte
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | | | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | | | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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30
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Hsu FC, Shapiro MJ, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Seaburg LM, Tangen SN, Shapiro VS. Immature recent thymic emigrants are eliminated by complement. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:6005-15. [PMID: 25367120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) must undergo phenotypic and functional maturation to become long-lived mature naive T cells. In CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice, NKAP-deficient RTEs fail to complete T cell maturation. In this study, we demonstrate that NKAP-deficient immature RTEs do not undergo apoptosis, but are eliminated by complement. C3, C4, and C1q are bound to NKAP-deficient peripheral T cells, demonstrating activation of the classical arm of the complement pathway. As thymocytes mature and exit to the periphery, they increase sialic acid incorporation into cell surface glycans. This is essential to peripheral lymphocyte survival, as stripping sialic acid with neuraminidase leads to the binding of natural IgM and complement fixation. NKAP-deficient T cells have a defect in sialylation on cell surface glycans, leading to IgM recruitment. We demonstrate that the defect in sialylation is due to aberrant α2,8-linked sialylation, and the expression of three genes (ST8sia1, ST8sia4, and ST8sia6) that mediate α2,8 sialylation are downregulated in NKAP-defcient RTEs. The maturation of peripheral NKAP-deficient T cells is partially rescued in a C3-deficient environment. Thus, sialylation during T cell maturation is critical to protect immature RTEs from complement in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | | | - Sarah N Tangen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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31
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Han BY, Wu S, Foo CS, Horton RM, Jenne CN, Watson SR, Whittle B, Goodnow CC, Cyster JG. Zinc finger protein Zfp335 is required for the formation of the naïve T cell compartment. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25343476 PMCID: PMC4371841 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of naïve T lymphocytes is critical for immune function yet the
mechanisms governing their maturation remain incompletely understood. We have
identified a mouse mutant, bloto, that harbors a hypomorphic
mutation in the zinc finger protein Zfp335.
Zfp335bloto/bloto mice exhibit a naïve T cell
deficiency due to an intrinsic developmental defect that begins to manifest in the
thymus and continues into the periphery, affecting T cells that have recently
undergone thymic egress. The effects of Zfp335bloto are multigenic and
cannot be attributed to altered thymic selection, proliferation or Bcl2-dependent
survival. Zfp335 binds to promoter regions via a consensus motif, and its target
genes are enriched in categories related to protein metabolism, mitochondrial
function, and transcriptional regulation. Restoring the expression of one target,
Ankle2, partially rescues T cell maturation. These findings identify Zfp335 as a
transcription factor and essential regulator of late-stage intrathymic and
post-thymic T cell maturation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03549.001 To defend our bodies against a variety of foreign microbes, our immune system makes
cells called T cells that can identify these invaders and help to destroy them. There
are several types of T cells that play different roles in the immune response: some
activate other immune cells, while others destroy cells that have been infected by
viruses or other pathogens. T cells develop in a specialized organ called the thymus, where they go through a
rigorous selection process before being released as mature T cells into the rest of
the body. This selection process includes eliminating individual T cells that are
found to be sub-standard, perhaps because they might mistake our own cells for enemy
cells. However, many of the details of the later stages of T cell development are not
fully understood. Han et al. have now found that a protein called Zfp335 that is involved in the
production of mature T cells. Mice carrying a mutation in the gene that makes this
protein have fewer mature T cells than normal mice. Han et al. also reveal that
Zfp335 is a transcription factor that can control whether or not other genes are
expressed as proteins, and further show that one of these proteins, Ankle2, has an
important role in the production of mature T cells. A next step in the work is to define exactly how Zfp335 controls the expression of
these genes. It will also be important to determine whether mutations in Zfp335
contribute to human T-cell immunodeficiency. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03549.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Y Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Chuan-Sheng Foo
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Robert M Horton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Susan R Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Belinda Whittle
- Australian Phenomics Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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32
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Berkley AM, Fink PJ. Cutting edge: CD8+ recent thymic emigrants exhibit increased responses to low-affinity ligands and improved access to peripheral sites of inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3262-6. [PMID: 25172492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the TCR sensitivity of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), we triggered T cells with altered peptide ligands (APLs). Upon peptide stimulation in vitro, RTEs exhibited increased TCR signal transduction, and following infection in vivo with APL-expressing bacteria, CD8 RTEs expanded to a greater extent in response to low-affinity Ags than did their mature T cell counterparts. RTEs skewed to short-lived effector cells in response to all APLs but also were characterized by diminished cytokine production. RTEs responding to infection expressed increased levels of VLA-4, with consequent improved entry into inflamed tissue and pathogen clearance. These positive outcomes were offset by the capacity of RTEs to elicit autoimmunity. Overall, salient features of CD8 RTE biology should inform strategies to improve neonatal vaccination and therapies for cancer and HIV, because RTEs make up a large proportion of the T cells in lymphodepleted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Berkley
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Pamela J Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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33
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A regulatory role for TGF-β signaling in the establishment and function of the thymic medulla. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:554-61. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Xu X, Ge Q. Maturation and migration of murine CD4 single positive thymocytes and thymic emigrants. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 9:e201403003. [PMID: 24757506 PMCID: PMC3995209 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201403003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphopoiesis in the thymus was thought to be completed once they reach the single positive (SP) stage, when they are “fully mature” and wait to be exported at random or follow a “first in-first out” manner. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that newly generated SP thymocytes undergo further maturation in the thymic medulla before they follow a tightly regulated emigrating process to become recent thymic emigrants (RTEs). RTEs in the periphery then experience a post-thymic maturation and peripheral tolerance and eventually become licensed as mature naïve T cells. This review summarizes the recent progress in the late stage T cell development in and outside of the thymus. The regulation of this developmental process is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, P R China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, P R China
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35
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Silva A, Cornish G, Ley SC, Seddon B. NF-κB signaling mediates homeostatic maturation of new T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E846-55. [PMID: 24550492 PMCID: PMC3948292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319397111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 is critical for the maintenance of the peripheral T-cell compartment of the adaptive immune system. IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) expression is subject to developmental regulation and new T cells induce expression as they leave the thymus, which is essential for their long-term survival. It is not understood how this expression is regulated. Here, we identify a role for the Nuclear Factor κ-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in controlling expression of IL-7Rα in new T cells. Perturbations to NF-κB signaling, either by deletion of Inhibitor of Kappa-B Kinase-2 (IKK2) or by inhibiting Rel dimer activity, prevented normal IL-7Rα expression in new T cells. Defective IL-7Rα expression resulted in impaired survival and homeostatic cell division responses by T cells that could be attributed to their failure to express IL-7Rα normally. Surprisingly, NF-κB signaling was only required transiently in new T cells to allow their normal expression of IL-7Rα, because IKK2 deletion in mature T cells had no effect on IL-7Rα expression or their normal homeostatic responsiveness. Therefore, we identify a developmental function for NF-κB signaling in the homeostatic maturation of new T cells, by regulating IL-7Rα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven C. Ley
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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36
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Worlitzer MMA, Schwamborn JC. The Notch co-repressor protein NKAP is highly expressed in adult mouse subventricular zone neural progenitor cells. Neuroscience 2014; 266:138-49. [PMID: 24583034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain niches for neural stem cells are maintained, which enable a steady-state neurogenesis. This process is tightly regulated by multiple niche factors, including Notch and NF-κB signaling. The NF-κB-activating-protein (NKAP) has previously been shown to act as Notch co-repressor component by binding CIR and recruiting HDAC3 in T-cell development and furthermore to regulate NF-κB-dependent transcription. Here, we provide first evidence for the expression of NKAP in neurogenic cells of the adult mammalian brain. NKAP is highly expressed in Mash1(+) transit amplifying cells and PSA-NCAM(+) migrating neuroblasts throughout the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS), as well as in the hippocampus. We further show that NKAP expression levels are downregulated during the course of the RMS. Eventually, most differentiated cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) and the corpus callosum only display low levels of NKAP expression. Finally, large subsets of mature neurons in the OB, the hippocampus and the thalamus express NKAP at high levels, suggesting an additional role of NKAP outside of SVZ progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M A Worlitzer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, Germany
| | - J C Schwamborn
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.
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37
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Kim J, Shapiro MJ, Bamidele AO, Gurel P, Thapa P, Higgs HN, Hedin KE, Shapiro VS, Billadeau DD. Coactosin-like 1 antagonizes cofilin to promote lamellipodial protrusion at the immune synapse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85090. [PMID: 24454796 PMCID: PMC3890291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerizing factor-homology (ADF-H) family proteins regulate actin filament dynamics at multiple cellular locations. Herein, we have investigated the function of the ADF-H family member coactosin-like 1 (COTL1) in the regulation of actin dynamics at the T cell immune synapse (IS). We initially identified COTL1 in a genetic screen to identify novel regulators of T cell activation, and subsequently found that it associates with F-actin and localizes at the IS in response to TCR+CD28 stimulation. Live cell microscopy showed that depletion of COTL1 protein impaired T cell spreading in response to TCR ligation and abrogated lamellipodial protrusion at the T cell – B cell contact site, producing only a band of F-actin. Significantly, re-expression of wild type COTL1, but not a mutant deficient in F-actin binding could rescue these defects. In addition, COTL1 depletion reduced T cell migration. In vitro studies showed that COTL1 and cofilin compete with each other for binding to F-actin, and COTL1 protects F-actin from cofilin-mediated depolymerization. While depletion of cofilin enhanced F-actin assembly and lamellipodial protrusion at the IS, concurrent depletion of both COTL1 and cofilin restored lamellipodia formation. Taken together, our results suggest that COTL1 regulates lamellipodia dynamics in part by protecting F-actin from cofilin-mediated disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adebowale O. Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Pinar Gurel
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Henry N. Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hedin
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Virginia S. Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDB); (VSS)
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDB); (VSS)
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Burgute BD, Peche VS, Steckelberg AL, Glöckner G, Gaßen B, Gehring NH, Noegel AA. NKAP is a novel RS-related protein that interacts with RNA and RNA binding proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:3177-93. [PMID: 24353314 PMCID: PMC3950704 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NKAP is a highly conserved protein with roles in transcriptional repression, T-cell development, maturation and acquisition of functional competency and maintenance and survival of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Here we report the novel role of NKAP in splicing. With NKAP-specific antibodies we found that NKAP localizes to nuclear speckles. NKAP has an RS motif at the N-terminus followed by a highly basic domain and a DUF 926 domain at the C-terminal region. Deletion analysis showed that the basic domain is important for speckle localization. In pull-down experiments, we identified RNA-binding proteins, RNA helicases and splicing factors as interaction partners of NKAP, among them FUS/TLS. The FUS/TLS–NKAP interaction takes place through the RS domain of NKAP and the RGG1 and RGG3 domains of FUS/TLS. We analyzed the ability of NKAP to interact with RNA using in vitro splicing assays and found that NKAP bound both spliced messenger RNA (mRNA) and unspliced pre-mRNA. Genome-wide analysis using crosslinking and immunoprecipitation-seq revealed NKAP association with U1, U4 and U5 small nuclear RNA, and we also demonstrated that knockdown of NKAP led to an increase in pre-mRNA percentage. Our results reveal NKAP as nuclear speckle protein with roles in RNA splicing and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashri D Burgute
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany and Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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39
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Maturation and emigration of single-positive thymocytes. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:282870. [PMID: 24187562 PMCID: PMC3804360 DOI: 10.1155/2013/282870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
T lymphopoiesis in the thymus was thought to be completed once it reaches the single positive (SP)
stage, a stage when T cells are “fully mature” and waiting to be exported at random or follow a “first-in-first-out” manner. Recent evidence, however, has revealed that the newly generated SP thymocytes undergo a multistage maturation program in the thymic medulla. Such maturation is followed by a tightly regulated emigration process and a further postthymic maturation of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs). This review summarizes recent progress in the late stage T cell development. The regulation of this developmental process is discussed.
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40
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The transcriptional repressor NKAP is required for the development of iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1582. [PMID: 23481390 PMCID: PMC3615467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells have a distinct developmental pathway from conventional αβ T cells. Here we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor NKAP is required for invariant natural killer T cell but not conventional T cell development. In CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice, invariant natural killer T cell development is blocked at the double-positive stage. This cell-intrinsic block is not due to decreased survival or failure to rearrange the invariant Vα14-Jα18 T cell receptor-α chain, but is rescued by overexpression of a rec-Vα14-Jα18 transgene at the double-positive stage, thus defining a role for NKAP in selection into the invariant natural killer T cell lineage. Importantly, deletion of the NKAP-associated protein histone deacetylase 3 causes a similar block in the invariant natural killer T cell development, indicating that NKAP and histone deacetylase 3 functionally interact to control invariant natural killer T cell development.
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41
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Berkley AM, Hendricks DW, Simmons KB, Fink PJ. Recent thymic emigrants and mature naive T cells exhibit differential DNA methylation at key cytokine loci. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6180-6. [PMID: 23686491 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are the youngest T cells in the lymphoid periphery and exhibit phenotypic and functional characteristics distinct from those of their more mature counterparts in the naive peripheral T cell pool. We show in this study that the Il2 and Il4 promoter regions of naive CD4(+) RTEs are characterized by site-specific hypermethylation compared with those of both mature naive (MN) T cells and the thymocyte precursors of RTEs. Thus, RTEs do not merely occupy a midpoint between the thymus and the mature T cell pool, but represent a distinct transitional T cell population. Furthermore, RTEs and MN T cells exhibit distinct CpG DNA methylation patterns both before and after activation. Compared with MN T cells, RTEs express higher levels of several enzymes that modify DNA methylation, and inhibiting methylation during culture allows RTEs to reach MN T cell levels of cytokine production. Collectively, these data suggest that the functional differences that distinguish RTEs from MN T cells are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms and provide clues to a mechanistic basis for postthymic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Berkley
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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43
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Zhang Y, Lu T, Yan H, Ruan Y, Wang L, Zhang D, Yue W, Lu L. Replication of association between schizophrenia and chromosome 6p21-6p22.1 polymorphisms in Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56732. [PMID: 23437227 PMCID: PMC3578928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 6p21-p22.1, spanning the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, is a highly polymorphic, gene-dense region. It has been identified as a susceptibility locus of schizophrenia in Europeans, Japanese, and Chinese. In our previous two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS), polymorphisms of zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 4 (ZKSCAN4), nuclear factor-κB-activating protein-like (NKAPL), and piggyBac transposable element derived 1 (PGBD1), localized to chromosome 6p21-p22.1, were strongly associated with schizophrenia. To further investigate the association between polymorphisms at this locus and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population, we selected eight other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed in or near these genes for a case-control association study in an independent sample of 902 cases and 1,091 healthy controls in an attempt to replicate the GWAS results. Four of these eight SNPs (rs12214383, rs1150724, rs3800324, and rs1997660) displayed a nominal difference in allele frequencies between the case and control groups. The association between two of these SNPs and schizophrenia were significant even after Bonferroni correction (rs12000: allele A>G, P = 2.50E-04, odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.45; rs1150722: allele C>T, P = 4.28E-05, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.41-0.73). Haplotype ATTGACGC, comprising these eight SNPs (rs2235359, rs2185955, rs12214383, rs12000, rs1150724, rs1150722, rs3800324, and rs1997660), was significantly associated with schizophrenia (P = 6.60E-05). We also performed a combined study of this replication sample and the first-stage GWAS sample. The combined study revealed that rs12000 and rs1150722 were still strongly associated with schizophrenia (rs12000: allele G>A, P(combined) = 0.0019, OR = 0.81; rs1150722: allele G>A, P(combined) = 3.00E-04, OR = 0.61). These results support our findings that locus 6p21-p22.1 is significantly associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population and encourage further studies of the functions of these genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Ruan
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (WY)
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (WY)
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44
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Tai TS, Pai SY, Ho IC. GATA-3 regulates the homeostasis and activation of CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:428-37. [PMID: 23225883 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
GATA-3, a C2C2-type zinc finger transcription factor, regulates many steps of T cell development and differentiation. It is also required for optimal production of type 2 cytokines by CD8(+) T cells. However, its role in the development and function of this subset of T cells is still poorly characterized. In this paper, we report that GATA-3 is required for MHC-mediated positive selection and final maturation of CD8 single-positive thymocytes. Deficiency of GATA-3 mediated by a CD4cre transgene led to age-dependent lymphadenopathy partly because of abnormal expansion of CD8(+) T cells driven by a cell-extrinsic mechanism. Paradoxically, GATA-3-deficient CD8(+) T cells were hyporesponsive to Ag stimulation due to a defect in the maintenance/progression, but not initiation, of activation signals. More importantly, GATA-3-deficient CD8(+) T cells were less efficient in killing Ag-bearing tumor cells in vivo. Taken together, our data further expand the role of GATA-3 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Shyuan Tai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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45
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Homeostatic signals do not drive post-thymic T cell maturation. Cell Immunol 2012; 274:39-45. [PMID: 22398309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants, the youngest T cells in the lymphoid periphery, undergo a 3 week-long period of functional and phenotypic maturation before being incorporated into the pool of mature, naïve T cells. Previous studies indicate that this maturation requires T cell exit from the thymus and access to secondary lymphoid organs, but is MHC-independent. We now show that post-thymic T cell maturation is independent of homeostatic and costimulatory pathways, requiring neither signals delivered by IL-7 nor CD80/86. Furthermore, while CCR7/CCL19,21-regulated homing of recent thymic emigrants to the T cell zones within the secondary lymphoid organs is not required for post-thymic T cell maturation, an intact dendritic cell compartment modulates this process. It is thus clear that, unlike T cell development and homeostasis, post-thymic maturation is focused not on interrogating the T cell receptor or the cell's responsiveness to homeostatic or costimulatory signals, but on some as yet unrecognized property.
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46
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Fink PJ, Hendricks DW. Post-thymic maturation: young T cells assert their individuality. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:544-9. [PMID: 21779032 DOI: 10.1038/nri3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell maturation was once thought to occur entirely within the thymus. Now, evidence is mounting that the youngest peripheral T cells in both mice and humans comprise a distinct population from their more mature, yet still naive, counterparts. These cells, termed recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), undergo a process of post-thymic maturation that can be monitored at the levels of cell phenotype and immune function. Understanding this final maturation step in the process of generating useful and safe T cells is of clinical relevance, given that RTEs are over-represented in neonates and in adults recovering from lymphopenia. Post-thymic maturation may function to ensure T cell fitness and self tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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