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Alipour S, Mardi A, Shajari N, Kazemi T, Sadeghi MR, Ahmadian Heris J, Masoumi J, Baradaran B. Unmasking the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmunity, cancer, and infectious conditions. Life Sci 2024; 348:122686. [PMID: 38710282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Proper and functional immune response requires a complex interaction between innate and adaptive immune cells, which dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary actors in this coordination as professional antigen-presenting cells. DCs are armed with numerous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) like NLRP3, which influence the development of their activation state upon sensation of ligands. NLRP3 is a crucial component of the immune system for protection against tumors and infectious agents, because its activation leads to the assembly of inflammasomes that cause the formation of active caspase-1 and stimulate the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. But, when NLRP3 becomes overactivated, it plays a pathogenic role in the progression of several autoimmune disorders. So, NLRP3 activation is strictly regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are mentioned in detail in this review. Furthermore, the role of NLRP3 in all of the diverse immune cells' subsets is briefly mentioned in this study because NLRP3 plays a pivotal role in modulating other immune cells which are accompanied by DCs' responses and subsequently influence differentiation of T cells to diverse T helper subsets and even impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells' responses. This review sheds light on the functional and therapeutic role of NLRP3 in DCs and its contribution to the occurrence and progression of autoimmune disorders, prevention of diverse tumors' development, and recognition and annihilation of various infectious agents. Furthermore, we highlight NLRP3 targeting potential for improving DC-based immunotherapeutic approaches, to be used for the benefit of patients suffering from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Song MS, Nam JH, Noh KE, Lim DS. Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy: The Importance of Dendritic Cell Migration. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:7827246. [PMID: 38628676 PMCID: PMC11019573 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7827246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance, initiating immune responses against pathogens, and patrolling body compartments. Despite promising aspects, DC-based immunotherapy faces challenges that include limited availability, immune escape in tumors, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, and the need for effective combination therapies. A further limitation in DC-based immunotherapy is the low population of migratory DC (around 5%-10%) that migrate to lymph nodes (LNs) through afferent lymphatics depending on the LN draining site. By increasing the population of migratory DCs, DC-based immunotherapy could enhance immunotherapeutic effects on target diseases. This paper reviews the importance of DC migration and current research progress in the context of DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seon Song
- Department of Bioconvergence, Graduate School and Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Nam
- Department of Bioconvergence, Graduate School and Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Noh
- Department of Bioconvergence, Graduate School and Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Bioconvergence, Graduate School and Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
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3
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Puri S, Kenyon BM, Hamrah P. Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1985. [PMID: 36009532 PMCID: PMC9406019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea along with its dense sensory innervation and resident leukocyte populations make it an ideal tissue to study interactions between the nervous and immune systems. The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body and possesses both immune and vascular privilege, in part due to its unique repertoire of resident immune cells. Corneal nerves produce various neuropeptides that have a wide range of functions on immune cells. As research in this area expands, further insights are made into the role of neuropeptides and their immunomodulatory functions in the healthy and diseased cornea. Much remains to be known regarding the details of neuropeptide signaling and how it contributes to pathophysiology, which is likely due to complex interactions among neuropeptides, receptor isoform-specific signaling events, and the inflammatory microenvironment in disease. However, progress in this area has led to an increase in studies that have begun modulating neuropeptide activity for the treatment of corneal diseases with promising results, necessitating the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptides in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface, alterations in disease settings, and the possible therapeutic potential of targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brendan M. Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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4
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Lu J, Sun K, Yang H, Fan D, Huang H, Hong Y, Wu S, Zhou H, Fang F, Li Y, Meng L, Huang J, Bai Z. Sepsis Inflammation Impairs the Generation of Functional Dendritic Cells by Targeting Their Progenitors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732612. [PMID: 34566996 PMCID: PMC8458800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a complex systemic immune dysfunction syndrome induced by infection. Sepsis has a high mortality rate, with most patients dying due to systemic organ failure or secondary infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells. Upon infection with microbes, DCs are activated to induce adaptive immune responses for controlling infection. DC generation and function are impaired during sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods Peripheral blood samples from sepsis patients were collected to examine DC subsets, DC progenitors, and apoptosis of DCs by flow cytometer. In vitro induction of DCs from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were established and a variety of sepsis-associated inflammatory mediators [e.g., interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)] and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined for the impact on DC generation and function in vitro. Results Our results demonstrate that sepsis-induced systemic inflammation impairs the capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to produce DCs, including conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). We investigated peripheral blood (PB) samples from 34 pediatric patients on days 1 to 7 following diagnosis. Compared to healthy donors (n = 18), the sepsis patients exhibited a significantly fewer percentage and number of pDCs and cDCs, and a lower expression of antigen presenting molecule HLD-DR and co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD86) on the surface of DCs. This sepsis-induced DC impairment was associated with significantly increased apoptotic death of DCs and marked decreases of progenitor cells that give rise to DCs. Furthermore, we observed that among the tested sepsis-associated cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and G-CSF), G-CSF and IFN-γ impaired DC development from cultured HSPCs. G-CSF also markedly decreased the expression of HLA-DR on HSPC-derived DCs and their cytokine production, including IL-12 and IFN-β. Conclusions Collectively, these findings indicate that sepsis impairs the survival of functional DCs and their development from HSPCs. Strategies for improving DC reconstitution following sepsis may restore DC progenitors and their associated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Emergency, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Fan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - HuiTing Zhou
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - YanHong Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Bai
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Go DM, Lee SH, Lee SH, Woo SH, Kim K, Kim K, Park KS, Park JH, Ha SJ, Kim WH, Choi JH, Kim DY. Programmed Death Ligand 1-Expressing Classical Dendritic Cells MitigateHelicobacter-Induced Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:715-739. [PMID: 33894424 PMCID: PMC8267570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori has been reported to modulate local immune responses to colonize persistently in gastric mucosa. Although the induced expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been suggested as an immune modulatory mechanism for persistent infection of H pylori, the main immune cells expressing PD-L1 and their functions in Helicobacter-induced gastritis still remain to be elucidated. METHODS The blockades of PD-L1 with antibody or PD-L1-deficient bone marrow transplantation were performed in Helicobacter-infected mice. The main immune cells expressing PD-L1 in Helicobacter-infected stomach were determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Helicobacter felis or H pylori-infected dendritic cell (DC)-deficient mouse models including Flt3-/-, Zbtb46-diphtheria toxin receptor, and BDCA2-diphtheria toxin receptor mice were analyzed for pathologic changes and colonization levels. Finally, the location of PD-L1-expressing DCs and the correlation with H pylori infection were analyzed in human gastric tissues using multiplexed immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Genetic or antibody-mediated blockade of PD-L1 aggravated Helicobacter-induced gastritis with mucosal metaplasia. Gastric classical DCs expressed considerably higher levels of PD-L1 than other immune cells and co-localized with T cells in gastritis lesions from Helicobacter-infected mice and human beings. H felis- or H pylori-infected Flt3-/- or classical DC-depleted mice showed aggravated gastritis with severe T-cell and neutrophil accumulation with low bacterial loads compared with that in control mice. Finally, PD-L1-expressing DCs were co-localized with T cells and showed a positive correlation with H pylori infection in human subjects. CONCLUSIONS The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be responsible for the immune modulatory function of gastric DCs that protects the gastric mucosa from Helicobacter-induced inflammation, but allows persistent Helicobacter colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute of National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibyeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongdae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Klarquist JS, Janssen EM. Melanoma-infiltrating dendritic cells: Limitations and opportunities of mouse models. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1584-1593. [PMID: 23264904 PMCID: PMC3525613 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma lesions by dendritic cells (DCs) has been suggested to play a tumorigenic role due to the capacity of DCs to induce tumor tolerance and promote angiogenesis as well as metastasis. However, it has also been shown that tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) induce antitumor responses and hence may be targeted in cost-effective therapeutic approaches to obtain patient-specific DCs that present relevant tumor antigens, without the need for ex vivo DC expansion or tumor antigen identification. Unfortunately, little is known about the composition, nature and function of TIDCs found in human melanoma. The development of mouse melanoma models has greatly contributed to the molecular understanding of melanoma immunology in mice, but many questions on TIDCs remain unanswered. Here, we discuss current knowledge about melanoma TIDCs in various mouse models with regard to their translational potential and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Klarquist
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH USA
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7
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Rodrigues PF, Tussiwand R. Novel concepts in plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) development and differentiation. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:25-30. [PMID: 32739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune subset specialized in the production of Type I Interferons (IFNs). They are characterized by co-expression of myeloid and lymphoid markers. Their developmental origin has been studied since their discovery and the identification of a myeloid progenitor capable of generating all dendritic cell (DC) subsets, including pDCs, led to their classification within the myeloid compartment. However, recent findings challenge this hypothesis and provide evidence for a lymphoid origin for the majority of pDCs 46-48. In this review we discuss and present the original myeloid and the newer lymphoid developmental trajectories of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Jaiswal AK, Makhija S, Stahr N, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Saxena A, Dagur PK, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Mishra A. Dendritic Cell-Restricted Progenitors Contribute to Obesity-Associated Airway Inflammation via Adam17-p38 MAPK-Dependent Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:363. [PMID: 32184787 PMCID: PMC7058657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of dendritic cell (DC)—restricted progenitor cells in bone marrow compartment is tightly regulated at steady state and responds to multiple tissue-specific triggers during disturbed homeostasis such as obesity. DCs in the lung stem from a rapidly dividing DC-restricted progenitor cells and are effective at generating adaptive immune responses in allergic airway inflammation. Precisely, how DC-restricted progenitor expansion and differentiation are influenced by airway inflammation to maintain constant supply of myeloid DCs is poorly understood. Here we show that a high fat diet (HFD) induces oxidative stress and accelerates the expansion of DC- restricted progenitor cells in bone marrow and correlates with persistent induction of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is blocked with a selective p38α/β MAPK inhibitor. Mice fed a HFD and sensitized to inhaled allergen house dust mite (HDM) led to alterations of DC- restricted progenitor cells that were characterized by increased expansion and seeding of lung DCs in airway inflammation. Mechanistically, we establish that the expansion induced by HFD dysregulates the expression of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (Adam17) and is required for p38 MAPK activation in DC-restricted progenitors. These results demonstrates that obesity produces persistent changes in DC precursors and that elevation of Adam17 expression is tightly coupled to p38 MAPK and is a key driver of proliferation. Altogether, these data provide phenotypic and mechanistic insight into dendritic cell supply chain in obesity-associated airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Natalie Stahr
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stewart J Levine
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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9
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Gulubova M. Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cancer - New Insights. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3324-3340. [PMID: 31949539 PMCID: PMC6953922 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) use effective mechanisms to combat antigens and to bring about adaptive immune responses through their ability to stimulate näive T cells. At present, four major cell types are categorised as DCs: Classical or conventional (cDCs), Plasmacytoid (pDCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). It was suggested that pDCs, CD1c+ DCs and CD141+ DCs in humans are equivalent to mouse pDCs, CD11b+ DCs and CD8α+ DCs, respectively. Human CD141+ DCs compared to mouse CD8α+ DCs have remarkable functional and transcriptomic similarities. Characteristic markers, transcription factors, toll-like receptors, T helpers (Th) polarisation, cytokines, etc. of DCs are discussed in this review. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II antigen presentation, cross-presentation and Th polarisation are defined, and the dual role of DCs in the tumour is discussed. Human DCs are the main immune cells that orchestrate the immune response in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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10
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Cao C, Yu M, Chai Y. Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:782. [PMID: 31611560 PMCID: PMC6791888 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host response to infection that leads to uncontrolled inflammatory response followed by immunosuppression. However, despite the high mortality rate, no specific treatment modality or drugs with high efficacy is available for sepsis to date. Although improved treatment strategies have increased the survival rate during the initial state of excessive inflammatory response, recent trends in sepsis show that mortality occurs at a period of continuous immunosuppressive state in which patients succumb to secondary infections within a few weeks or months due to post-sepsis “immune paralysis.” Immune cell alteration induced by uncontrolled apoptosis has been considered a major cause of significant immunosuppression. Particularly, apoptosis of lymphocytes, including innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells, is associated with a higher risk of secondary infections and poor outcomes. Multiple postmortem studies have confirmed that sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis occurs in all age groups, including neonates, pediatric, and adult patients, and it is considered to be a primary contributing factor to the immunosuppressive pathophysiology of sepsis. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis through various strategies could improve survival in sepsis. In this review article, we will focus on describing the major apoptosis process of immune cells with respect to physiologic and molecular mechanisms. Further, advances in apoptosis-targeted treatment modalities for sepsis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muming Yu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Supakorndej T, Krambs JR, Rao M, Abou-Ezzi G, Ye RY, Li S, Trinkaus K, Link DC. Bone marrow dendritic cells regulate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell trafficking. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2920-2931. [PMID: 31039135 DOI: 10.1172/jci124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A resident population of dendritic cells (DCs) has been identified in murine bone marrow, but its contribution to the regulation of hematopoiesis and establishment of the stem cell niche is largely unknown. Here, we show that murine bone marrow DCs are perivascular and have a type 2 conventional DC (cDC2) immunophenotype. RNA expression analysis of sorted bone marrow DCs shows that expression of many chemokines and chemokine receptors is distinct from that observed in splenic cDC2s, suggesting that bone marrow DCs may represent a unique DC population. A similar population of DCs is present in human bone marrow. Ablation of conventional DCs (cDCs) results in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization that is greater than that seen with ablation of bone marrow macrophages, and cDC ablation also synergizes with G-CSF to mobilize HSPCs. Ablation of cDCs is associated with an expansion of bone marrow endothelial cells and increased vascular permeability. CXCR2 expression in sinusoidal endothelial cells and the expression of two CXCR2 ligands, CXCL1 and CXCL2, in the bone marrow are markedly increased following cDC ablation. Treatment of endothelial cells in vitro with CXCL1 induces increased vascular permeability and HSPC transmigration. Finally, we show that HSPC mobilization after cDC ablation is attenuated in mice lacking CXCR2 expression. Collectively, these data suggest that bone marrow DCs play an important role in regulating HSPC trafficking, in part, through regulation of sinusoidal CXCR2 signaling and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Teerawit Supakorndej
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph R Krambs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mahil Rao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Y Ye
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sidan Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn Trinkaus
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Kumar V. Dendritic cells in sepsis: Potential immunoregulatory cells with therapeutic potential. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:615-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Abstract
As potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) comprise the most heterogeneous cell population with significant cellular phenotypic and functional plasticity. They form a sentinel network to modulate immune responses, since intrinsic cellular mechanisms and complex external, environmental signals endow DCs with the distinct capacity to induce protective immunity or tolerance to self. Interactions between DCs and other cells of the immune system mediate this response. This interactive response depends on DC maturation status and subtype, as well as the microenvironment of the tissue location and DC-intrinsic regulators. Dysregulated DCs can initiate and perpetuate various immune disorders, which creates attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a detailed outlook on DC ontogeny and functional specialization. We highlight recent advances on the regulatory role that DCs play in immune responses, the putative molecular regulators that control DC functional responding and the contribution of DCs to inflammatory disease physiopathology.
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14
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Chen J, Rénia L, Ginhoux F. Constructing cell lineages from single-cell transcriptomes. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 59:95-113. [PMID: 29107741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing have helped reveal the previously underappreciated level of cellular heterogeneity present during cellular differentiation. A static snapshot of single-cell transcriptomes provides a good representation of the various stages of differentiation as differentiation is rarely synchronized between cells. Data from numerous single-cell analyses has suggested that cellular differentiation and development can be conceptualized as continuous processes. Consequently, computational algorithms have been developed to infer lineage relationships between cell types and construct developmental trajectories along which cells are re-ordered such that similarity between successive cell pairs is maximized. Here, we compare and contrast the existing computational methods, and illustrate how they may be applied to build mouse myeloid progenitor lineages from massively parallel RNA single-cell sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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15
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Yin K, Li T, Bao Y, Chen Z. Variation and significance of secretory immunoglobulin A, interleukin 6 and dendritic cells in oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2297-2303. [PMID: 28454394 PMCID: PMC5403296 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine changes in the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the saliva of patients with oral cancer, to evaluate the abnormal expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 1a, CD83, CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells (DCs) of oral cancer tissues and to discuss the interaction between SIgA, IL-6 and DCs in oral cancer. A total of 40 patients between 27 and 70 years of age, median age 52 years, with primary oral cancer were enrolled in the present study, and a group of 20 healthy male and female volunteers was used as the control group. The concentration of SIgA and IL-6 in the saliva of the preoperative patients was determined by ELISA. The expression levels of CD1a, CD83, CD80 and CD86 were detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, which was performed on histopathological sections from paraffin-embedded tumor and corresponding adjacent control tissues. The specimens were assessed using the semi-quantitative immunoreactive score (IRS). The concentration of SIgA in the saliva from patients with oral cancer decreased, whereas the IL-6 level significantly increased compared with the control subjects (P<0.05). In addition, the decrease of SIgA level and increase of IL-6 level exhibited a negative correlation (r=−0.543, P<0.05). According to the IRS score, the expression levels of CD1a, CD83, CD80 and CD86 in the cancer tissue were lower than the expression levels of the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of CD80 and CD86 exhibited no correlation with histological grade or pathological type (P>0.05), but exhibited a negative correlation with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The concentration of SIgA and IL-6 in saliva may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for oral cancer. The detection of CD80 and CD86 expressed on DCs in oral cancer tissue may be useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of tumors. The present study hypothesized that the use of SIgA vaccines or IL-6 inhibitors may be useful for reversing the immune deficiency associated with DCs in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Tianke Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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16
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Kalaiyarasu S, Bhatia S, Mishra N, Sood R, Kumar M, SenthilKumar D, Bhat S, Dass Prakash M. Elevated level of pro inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in chicken bone marrow and monocyte derived dendritic cells following LPS induced maturation. Cytokine 2016; 85:140-7. [PMID: 27344111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to characterize and compare chicken bone marrow and peripheral blood monocyte derived dendritic cells (chBM-DC and chMoDC) and to evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine alterations in response upon LPS stimulation. Typical morphology was observed in DCs from 48h of culture using recombinant chicken GM-CSF and IL-4. Maturation of DCs with LPS (1μg/ml) showed significant up regulation of mRNA of surface markers (CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, MHC-II and DC-LAMP (CD208)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (LITAF)), iNOS, chemokine CXCli2 and TLRs4 and 15. Basal level of TLR1 mRNA expression was higher followed by TLR15 in both DCs irrespective of their origin. Expression of iNOS and CXCLi2 mRNA in mature DCs of both origins were higher than other surface molecules and cytokines studied. Hence, its level of expression can also be used as an additional maturation marker for LPS induced chicken dendritic cell maturation along with CD83 and CD40. LPS matured DCs of both origins upregulated IL-12 and IFN-γ. Based on CD40 and CD83 mRNA expression, it was observed that LPS induced the maturation in both DCs, but chMoDCs responded better in expression of surface markers and inflammatory mediator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semmannan Kalaiyarasu
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India.
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - Niranjan Mishra
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - Richa Sood
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - D SenthilKumar
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - Sushant Bhat
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
| | - M Dass Prakash
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India
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17
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Bedoui S, Heath WR, Mueller SN. CD
4
+
T‐cell help amplifies innate signals for primary
CD
8
+
T‐cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 272:52-64. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Vic. Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Scott N. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Vic. Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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18
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Hong GH, Kwon HS, Moon KA, Park SY, Park S, Lee KY, Ha EH, Kim TB, Moon HB, Lee HK, Cho YS. Clusterin Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Attenuating CCL20-Mediated Dendritic Cell Recruitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2021-30. [PMID: 26826245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the lungs are critical for Th2 responses in asthma, and CCL20 secreted from bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) is known to influence the recruitment of DCs. Because asthma is a disease that is closely associated with oxidative stress, we hypothesized that clusterin, an oxidative stress regulatory molecule, may have a role in the development of allergic airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine whether clusterin regulates CCL20 production from the BECs and the subsequent DC recruitment in the lungs. To verify the idea, clusterin knockout (Clu(-/-)), clusterin heterogeneous (Clu(+/-)), and wild-type mice were exposed intranasally to house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic airway inflammation. We found that the total number of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung was increased in Clu(-/-) and Clu(+/-) mice. Of these immune cells, inflammatory DCs (CD11b(+)CD11c(+)) and Ly6C(high) monocyte populations in the lung were significantly increased, which was accompanied by increased levels of various chemokines, including CCL20 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and increased oxidative stress markers in the lung. Moreover, HDM-stimulated human BECs with either up- or downregulated clusterin expression showed that CCL20 secretion was negatively associated with clusterin expression. Interestingly, clusterin also reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which is related to induction of CCL20 expression after HDM stimulation. Thus, the antioxidant property of clusterin is suggested to regulate the expression of CCL20 in BECs and the subsequent recruitment of inflammatory DCs in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyong Hwa Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; and
| | - Keun-Ai Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; and
| | - Sunjoo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | - Eun Hee Ha
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; and
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; and
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; and
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19
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Tussiwand R, Gautier EL. Transcriptional Regulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Development. Front Immunol 2015; 6:533. [PMID: 26539196 PMCID: PMC4609886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) are a quite unique subset of hematopoietic cells, which comprise dendritic cells (DC), monocytes as well as monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages. These cells are extremely diverse with regard to their origin, their phenotype as well as their function. Developmentally, DC and monocytes are constantly replenished from a bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor. The ontogeny of macrophages is more complex and is temporally linked and specified by the organ where they reside, occurring early during embryonic or perinatal life. The functional heterogeneity of MPs is certainly a consequence of the tissue of residence and also reflects the diverse ontogeny of the subsets. In this review, we will highlight the developmental pathways of murine MP, with a particular emphasis on the transcriptional factors that regulate their development and function. Finally, we will discuss and point out open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital , Paris , France
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20
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Guo H, Cheng Y, Shapiro J, McElwee K. The role of lymphocytes in the development and treatment of alopecia areata. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1335-51. [PMID: 26548356 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1085306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) development is associated with both innate and adaptive immune cell activation, migration to peri- and intra-follicular regions, and hair follicle disruption. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes are abundant in AA lesions; however, CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more likely to enter inside hair follicles, circumstantially suggesting that they have a significant role to play in AA development. Several rodent models recapitulate important features of the human autoimmune disease and demonstrate that CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes are fundamentally required for AA induction and perpetuation. However, the initiating events, the self-antigens involved, and the molecular signaling pathways, all need further exploration. Studying CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their fate decisions in AA development may reveal new and improved treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,b 2 Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yabin Cheng
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,c 3 Department of Dermatology, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kevin McElwee
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,d 4 Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Abstract
In the 40 years since their discovery, dendritic cells (DCs) have been recognized as central players in immune regulation. DCs sense microbial stimuli through pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) and decode, integrate, and present information derived from such stimuli to T cells, thus stimulating immune responses. DCs can also regulate the quality of immune responses. Several functionally specialized subsets of DCs exist, but DCs also display functional plasticity in response to diverse stimuli. In addition to sensing pathogens via PRRs, emerging evidence suggests that DCs can also sense stress signals, such as amino acid starvation, through ancient stress and nutrient sensing pathways, to stimulate adaptive immunity. Here, I discuss these exciting advances in the context of a historic perspective on the discovery of DCs and their role in immune regulation. I conclude with a discussion of emerging areas in DC biology in the systems immunology era and suggest that the impact of DCs on immunity can be usefully contextualized in a hierarchy-of-organization model in which DCs, their receptors and signaling networks, cell-cell interactions, tissue microenvironment, and the host macroenvironment represent different levels of the hierarchy. Immunity or tolerance can then be represented as a complex function of each of these hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329;
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22
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Wu X, Xu F. Dendritic cells during Staphylococcus aureus infection: subsets and roles. J Transl Med 2014; 12:358. [PMID: 25519813 PMCID: PMC4279898 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs orient the immune responses by modulating the balance between protective immunity to pathogens and tolerance to self-antigens. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common member of human skin microbiota and can cause severe infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Protective immunity to pathogens by DCs is required for clearance of S. aureus. DCs sense the presence of the staphylococcal components using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and then orchestrate immune systems to resolve infections. This review summarizes the possible roles of DCs, in particular their Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in S. aureus infection and strategies by which the pathogen affects activation and function of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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23
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Gordon S, Plüddemann A, Mukhopadhyay S. Sinusoidal immunity: macrophages at the lymphohematopoietic interface. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 7:a016378. [PMID: 25502514 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed throughout the body, performing vital homeostatic and defense functions after local and systemic perturbation within tissues. In concert with closely related dendritic cells and other myeloid and lymphoid cells, which mediate the innate and adaptive immune response, macrophages determine the outcome of the inflammatory and repair processes that accompany sterile and infectious injury and microbial invasion. This article will describe and compare the role of specialized macrophage populations at two critical interfaces between the resident host lymphohematopoietic system and circulating blood and lymph, the carriers of cells, humoral components, microorganisms, and their products. Sinusoidal macrophages in the marginal zone of the spleen and subcapsular sinus and medulla of secondary lymph nodes contribute to the innate and adaptive responses of the host in health and disease. Although historically recognized as major constituents of the reticuloendothelial system, it has only recently become apparent that these specialized macrophages in close proximity to B and T lymphocytes play an indispensable role in recognition and responses to exogenous and endogenous ligands, thus shaping the nature and quality of immunity and inflammation. We review current understanding of these macrophages and identify gaps in our knowledge for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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24
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Bornstein C, Winter D, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, David E, Kadri S, Garber M, Amit I. A negative feedback loop of transcription factors specifies alternative dendritic cell chromatin States. Mol Cell 2014; 56:749-62. [PMID: 25453760 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During hematopoiesis, cells originating from the same stem cell reservoir differentiate into distinct cell types. The mechanisms enabling common progenitors to differentiate into alternative cell fates are not fully understood. Here, we identify cell-fate-determining transcription factors (TFs) governing dendritic cell (DC) development by annotating the enhancer landscapes of the DC lineage. Combining these analyses with detailed overexpression, knockdown, and ChIP-Seq studies, we show that Irf8 functions as a plasmacytoid DC epigenetic and fate-determining TF, regulating massive, cell-specific chromatin changes in thousands of pDC enhancers. Importantly, Irf8 forms a negative feedback loop with Cebpb, a monocyte-derived DC epigenetic fate-determining TF. We show that using this circuit logic, a pulse of TF expression can stably define epigenetic and transcriptional states, regardless of the microenvironment. More broadly, our study proposes a general paradigm that allows closely related cells with a similar set of signal-dependent factors to generate differential and persistent enhancer landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Winter
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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25
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Bedoui S, Greyer M. The role of dendritic cells in immunity against primary herpes simplex virus infections. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:533. [PMID: 25374562 PMCID: PMC4204531 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a DNA virus with tropism for infecting skin and mucosal epithelia during the lytic stages of its complex life cycle. The immune system has evolved a multitude of strategies to respond to primary HSV infections. These include rapid innate immune responses largely driven by pattern recognition systems and protective anti-viral immunity. Dendritic cells (DC) represent a versatile and heterogenic group of antigen presenting cells that are important for pathogen recognition at sites of infection and for priming of protective HSV-specific T cells. Here we will review the current knowledge on the role of DCs in the host immune response to primary HSV infection. We will discuss how DCs integrate viral cues into effective innate immune responses, will dissect how HSV infection of DCs interferes with their capacity to migrate from sites of infection to the draining lymph nodes and will outline how migratory DCs can make antigens available to lymph node resident DCs. The role of distinct DC subsets and their relevant contribution to antigen presentation on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules will be detailed in the context of T cell priming in the lymph node and the elicitation of effector function in infected tissues. An improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of how DCs recognize HSV, process and present its antigens to naïve and effector T cells will not only assist in the improvement of vaccine-based preventions of this important viral disease, but also serves as a paradigm to resolve basic immunological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Greyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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26
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Mair KH, Sedlak C, Käser T, Pasternak A, Levast B, Gerner W, Saalmüller A, Summerfield A, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Meurens F. The porcine innate immune system: an update. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:321-43. [PMID: 24709051 PMCID: PMC7103209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. However, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharmaceutical studies to name a few. In this review, we will provide an overview of the innate immune system in pigs, describe its anatomical and physiological key features, and discuss the key players involved. In particular, we compare the porcine innate immune system to that of humans, and emphasize on the importance of the pig as model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Sedlak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Käser
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - A Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. The physiological role of DC-SIGN: a tale of mice and men. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:482-6. [PMID: 23608151 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune receptor DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin) was discovered over a decade ago and was initially identified as a pattern recognition receptor. In addition to its ability to recognize a broad range of pathogen-derived ligands and self-glycoproteins, DC-SIGN also mediates intercellular adhesion, as well as antigen uptake and signaling, which is a functional hallmark of dendritic cells (DCs). Most research on DC-SIGN has relied on in vitro studies. The in vivo function of DC-SIGN is difficult to address, in part because there are eight genetic homologs in mice with no clear DC-SIGN ortholog. Here, we summarize the functions attributed to DC-SIGN based on in vitro data and discuss the limitations of available mouse models to uncover the physiological role of this receptor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
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The presence of CD209 expressing dendritic cells correlates with biofilm positivity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 270:2455-63. [PMID: 23358586 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-positive cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) may form a separate clinical entity, which is characterized by high recurrence rates and resistance against different therapeutic strategies. This can be explained by a special immunologic phenotype. Biofilm existence has been supposed to correlate with increased amount of dendritic cells that are responsible for antigen presentation in CRSwNP. A total of 20 patients with CRSwNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were analyzed. The negative control group consisted of ten patients undergoing septoplasty without CRSwNP. Three series of individual nasal polyps and control specimens were processed to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Gram staining and to CD209-specific immunofluorescent assay, respectively. Biofilm was detected in 13 of 20 patients (65 %) with CRSwNP and in none of the ten negative controls. The subepithelial layer of biofilm-positive nasal polyps displayed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the numbers of CD209-expressing dendritic cells compared to biofilm-negative specimens. It was found that biofilm detectability showed strong correlation to the architecture of respiratory mucosa and to the dominant inflammatory cell type of the subepithelial layer. Persisting bacterial biofilms may affect the type of antigen presentation and consecutive immune reactions in the subepithelial layer of nasal mucosa. This phenomenon may result in different inflammatory pathways with specific cytokine profile compared to biofilm-negative cases. Co-existence of bacterial biofilms and dominant pattern of dendritic cells suggest a biofilm-associated immunologic phenotype in CRSwNP. This can explain the mucosal changes, functional disorders and therapy resistance featuring CRSwNP.
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) drive both adaptive and innate immunity. Recent findings support the notion that distinct subsets of classical DCs favor alternative modules of immunity, acting on innate lymphoid-like cells (ILCs) and T cells similarly to promote either ILC1/Th1/CTL- or ILC3/Th17-type responses. Coordination between DC subsets and their favored immune module might imply that the genetic programs for DC diversification preceded the emergence of recombination-activating gene-dependent adaptive immunity and operate initially in coordinating ILC repertoires for appropriate responses against pathogens. Consequently, understanding the molecular basis of DC developmental and diversification is important for an underlying appreciation of immune regulation. Currently, the basis for DC development into the recognized subsets/lineages is only partially understood, based on the requirements for several transcription factors including PU.1, Bcl11a, Irf8, E2-2, Id2, Irf4, Irf8, Batf3, and other BATF family members. This chapter will briefly review recent transcriptional aspects of DC development and function and then highlight some currently unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Murphy
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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