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Wang XK, Yang X, Yao TH, Tao PX, Jia GJ, Sun DX, Yi L, Gu YH. Advances in immunotherapy of M2 macrophages and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2915-2924. [PMID: 39072184 PMCID: PMC11271800 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal-derived tumors of the GI tract. They can occur throughout the GI tract, and the survival time of some patients can be improved by first-line targeted therapy with imatinib. However, there are some limitations with imatinib treatment. Immunotherapy for GIST has attracted much attention in recent years, and as one of the most abundant cells in the GIST microenvironment, M2 macrophages play an important role in disease progression. They have unique anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic effects and are one target for immunotherapy. This review summarizes the connection between different factors and the programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 pathway and M2 macrophages to reactivate or enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve imatinib efficacy, and to provide new ideas for GIST immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tong-Han Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peng-Xian Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guan-Jun Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - De-Xian Sun
- Graduate School, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Lin Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Hui Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Yu Y, Yu M, Luo L, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Chen Y, Lin Z, Chen M, Wang W. Molecular characteristics and immune microenvironment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: targets for therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405727. [PMID: 39070147 PMCID: PMC11272528 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours, arising mainly from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) of the gastrointestinal tract. As radiotherapy and chemotherapy are generally ineffective for GISTs, the current primary treatment is surgical resection. However, surgical resection is not choice for most patients. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Targeted therapy, represented by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T), offer new therapeutic options in GISTs and have shown promising treatment responses. In this review, we summarize the molecular classification and immune microenvironment of GISTs and discuss the corresponding targeted therapy and immunotherapy options. This updated knowledge may provide more options for future therapeutic strategies and applications in GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdie Yu
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiping Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeyu Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengnan Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Luo J, Cheng K, Ji X, Gao C, Zhu R, Chen J, Xue W, Huang Q, Xu Q. Anlotinib enhanced CD8 + T cell infiltration via induction of CCL5 improves the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216892. [PMID: 38621459 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and requires effective treatment strategies. Recently, the development of a novel multiple-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anlotinib, has drawn increasing attention, especially it shows advantages when combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. However, the mechanism by which anlotinib improves immunotherapy and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we found that anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight in a lung cancer xenograft model compared to any single treatment. Both immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses revealed that anlotinib induced a CD8+ T cell dominated tumor microenvironment, which might account for its improved role in immunotherapy. Further investigations showed that CCL5-mediated CD8+ T cell recruitment plays a critical role in anlotinib and PD-1 blockade strategies. The depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated this process. In conclusion, our findings showed that the combination of anlotinib and PD-1 blockade produced promising effects in the treatment of lung cancer, and that the induction of CCL5-mediced CD8+ T cell recruitment by anlotinib provided a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Kebin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianxiu Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xue
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingqiang Xu
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Moldovan VT, Sajin M, Ali L. Tumor Microenvironment Biomarkers Correlated with Proliferative Activity and Immune Response in Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Exploring Variations in Different Age Groups. MAEDICA 2024; 19:233-238. [PMID: 39188847 PMCID: PMC11345069 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are non-gastrointestinal sarcomas originating from Cajal-like cells. Recent studies show the tumor microenvironment is crucial and highlight the importance of intra-tumoral leukocyte populations in malignancies, which are greatly impacting treatment strategies in EGISTs. AIM AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize intra-tumoral leukocyte populations in EGISTs, correlating proliferative index (ki67) with leukocyte density and examining age-related effects on proliferative activity and immune response. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis on 25 patients with EGIST who came at "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Bucharest University Emergency Hospital between January 2007 and June 2020. After excluding five patients, a total of 19 subjects were included in the present study. Immunohistochemistry utilizing CD5, CD20, CD45 and ki67 antibodies identified and assessed intratumoral lymphocytes, analyzed via QuPath software. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Bonferroni corrections. RESULTS The mean age of patients diagnosed with EGIST was 51 years; ki67 expression varied among morphological types. Immunohistochemistry revealed distinct tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) densities with significant associations between ki67 and TIL-CD05/CD20 positive cells. Age-related correlations were noted, which highlighted complexities within the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the role of the immune microenvironment in EGISTs, showing significant correlations between ki67 expression and TIL densities as well as age-related associations. This study enhances our understanding of EGIST pathophysiology, urging further exploration for improved therapeutic approaches and comprehensive insights into immune responses in EGISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Tiberiu Moldovan
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitaller de Troyes, France
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - María Sajin
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leila Ali
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Saint John Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Romania
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Zhou S, Abdihamid O, Tan F, Zhou H, Liu H, Li Z, Xiao S, Li B. KIT mutations and expression: current knowledge and new insights for overcoming IM resistance in GIST. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38414063 PMCID: PMC10898159 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma located in gastrointestinal tract and derived from the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) lineage. Both ICC and GIST cells highly rely on KIT signal pathway. Clinically, about 80-90% of treatment-naive GIST patients harbor primary KIT mutations, and special KIT-targeted TKI, imatinib (IM) showing dramatic efficacy but resistance invariably occur, 90% of them was due to the second resistance mutations emerging within the KIT gene. Although there are multiple variants of KIT mutant which did not show complete uniform biologic characteristics, most of them have high KIT expression level. Notably, the high expression level of KIT gene is not correlated to its gene amplification. Recently, accumulating evidences strongly indicated that the gene coding, epigenetic regulation, and pre- or post- protein translation of KIT mutants in GIST were quite different from that of wild type (WT) KIT. In this review, we elucidate the biologic mechanism of KIT variants and update the underlying mechanism of the expression of KIT gene, which are exclusively regulated in GIST, providing a promising yet evidence-based therapeutic landscape and possible target for the conquer of IM resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Xiangya road 87
| | - Omar Abdihamid
- Garissa Cancer Center, Garissa County Referral Hospital, Kismayu road, Garissa town, P.O BOX, 29-70100, Kenya
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Division of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Division of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heli Liu
- Division of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine of Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 410008, MA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Xiangya road 87#.
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He Y, Da M, Fan C, Tao P. Unexpected reaction of "wild-type" gastrointestinal stromal tumor to imatinib: case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1334784. [PMID: 38357425 PMCID: PMC10864548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1334784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are driven by mutations in the KIT/PDGFRA genes and can benefit from TKIs treatment. However, a small subset of GIST (10%-15%) are called "wild-type" GISTs due to the lack of these mutations. Theoretically, they would not benefit from TKIs treatment and may even develop resistance. Therefore, this unexpected response may challenge inherent perceptions. Herein, we present a case of giant wild-type GIST exhibiting an unexpected response to imatinib(IM), followed by laparoscopic surgical resection. Subsequently, potential underlying mechanisms are discussed. Case description This case describes a 57-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain for two weeks. CT revealed a massive lesion near the splenic hilum along the greater curvature of the stomach, concurrently involving the splenic hilar vessels and surrounding lymph nodes. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy confirmed it is a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor,GIST. Due to the enormous volume and local invasion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initially considered. After 6 months of IM 400 mg/d, CT imaging revealed marked changes in tumor heterogeneity and a significant reduction in volume. Subsequently, laparoscopic surgical resection was performed. Postoperative pathological examination, immunohistochemistry, and genetic testing collectively confirmed it is a wild-type GIST.The patient recovered well and was discharged on the 6th day after surgery, with continued oral IM(400 mg/d) after discharge. No recurrence was observed during follow-up until the publication of this report. Conclusion This unexpected response suggests that wild-type GISTs may benefit from TKIs treatment, and the potential mechanisms warrant further investigation. Additionally, true wild-type GIST may not be discerned due to current limitations of Next-Generation Sequencing(NGS). Therefore, for advanced/high-risk GIST, additional genetic analysis can be performed after negative NGS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Da
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuanlei Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Department of General Surgery Cadre Ward, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Etherington MS, Hanna AN, Medina BD, Liu M, Tieniber AD, Kwak HV, Tardy KJ, Levin L, Do KJ, Rossi F, Zeng S, DeMatteo RP. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Activates Intratumoral γδ T Cells in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:107-119. [PMID: 37922405 PMCID: PMC10842124 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a rare but potent subset of T cells with pleiotropic functions. They commonly reside within tumors but the response of γδ T cells to tyrosine kinase inhibition is unknown. To address this, we studied a genetically engineered mouse model of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) driven by oncogenic Kit signaling that responds to the Kit inhibitor imatinib. At baseline, γδ T cells were antitumoral, as blockade of either γδ T-cell receptor or IL17A increased tumor weight and decreased antitumor immunity. However, imatinib therapy further stimulated intratumoral γδ T cells, as determined by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Imatinib expanded a highly activated γδ T-cell subset with increased IL17A production and higher expression of immune checkpoints and cytolytic effector molecules. Consistent with the mouse model, γδ T cells produced IL17A in fresh human GIST specimens, and imatinib treatment increased γδ T-cell gene signatures, as measured by bulk tumor RNA-seq. Furthermore, tumor γδ T cells correlated with survival in patients with GIST. Our findings highlight the interplay between tumor cell oncogene signaling and antitumor immune responses and identify γδ T cells as targets for immunotherapy in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Etherington
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew N Hanna
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Tieniber
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyunjee V Kwak
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine J Tardy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lillian Levin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin J Do
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ferdinando Rossi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shan Zeng
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhou Y, Qian M, Li J, Ruan L, Wang Y, Cai C, Gu S, Zhao X. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer: From mechanism to small molecule therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116014. [PMID: 38134634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the lung tumor microenvironment. TAMs recruited to the lung cancer can create a suitable microenvironment for the growth and metastasis of lung cancer by secreting tumor promoting factors and interfering with the function of T cells. Currently, numerous studies have reported that small molecular drugs affect lung cancer progression by selectively targeting TAMs. The main ways include blocking the recruitment of monocytes or eliminating existing TAMs in tumor tissue, reprogramming TAMs into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages, interrupting the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages, and modulating immune function. Signaling pathways or cytokines such as CCL8, CCL2/CCR2, CSF-1/CSF-1R, STAT3, STAT6, MMPs, Caspase-8, AMPK α1, TLR3, CD47/SIRPα, have been reported to be involved in this process. Based on summarizing the role and mechanisms of TAMs in lung cancer progression, this paper particularly focuses on systematically reviewing the effects and mechanisms of small molecule drugs on lung cancer TAMs, and classified the small molecular drugs according to the way they affect TAMs. The study aims to provide new perspectives and potential therapeutic drugs for targeted macrophages treatment in lung cancer, which is of great significance and will provide more options for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnan Zhou
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Manqing Qian
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lanxi Ruan
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyao Cai
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shengxian Gu
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhao
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Li B, Chen H, Yang S, Chen F, Xu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhu C, Shao F, Zhang X, Deng C, Zeng L, He Y, Zhang C. Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37072770 PMCID: PMC10111719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers are represented by the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) which occur throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, and affect human health and economy globally. Curative surgical resections and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the main managements for localized GISTs and recurrent/metastatic GISTs, respectively. Despite multi-lines of TKIs treatments prolonged the survival time of recurrent/metastatic GISTs by delaying the relapse and metastasis of the tumor, drug resistance developed quickly and inevitably, and became the huge obstacle for stopping disease progression. Immunotherapy, which is typically represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has achieved great success in several solid tumors by reactivating the host immune system, and been proposed as an alternative choice for GIST treatment. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the research of immunology and immunotherapy for GIST, and great achievements have been made. Generally, the intratumoral immune cell level and the immune-related gene expressions are influenced by metastasis status, anatomical locations, driver gene mutations of the tumor, and modulated by imatinib therapy. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are regarded as prognostic indicators of GIST and closely associated with its clinicopathological features. The efficacy of immunotherapy strategies for GIST has been widely explored in pre-clinical cell and mouse models and clinical experiments in human, and some patients did benefit from ICIs. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date advancements of immunology, immunotherapy and research models for GIST, and provides new insights and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau University Joint Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Jain N, Srinivasarao DA, Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Shahrukh S, Singh SB, Srivastava S. The portrayal of macrophages as tools and targets: A paradigm shift in cancer management. Life Sci 2023; 316:121399. [PMID: 36646378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a major role in maintaining an organism's physiology, such as development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and immunity. These immune cells are known to be involved in tumor progression and modulation. Monocytes can be polarized to two types of macrophages (M1 macrophages and pro-tumor M2 macrophages). Through this article, we aim to emphasize the potential of targeting macrophages in order to improve current strategies for tumor management. Various strategies that target macrophages as a therapeutic target have been discussed along with ongoing clinical trials. We have discussed the role of macrophages in various stages of tumor progression epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, maintaining the stability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, and establishing a premetastatic niche along with the role of various cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes. Intriguingly macrophages can also serve as drug carriers due to their tumor tropism along the chemokine gradient. They surpass currently explored nanotherapeutics in tumor accumulation and circulation half-life. We have emphasized on macrophage-based biomimetic formulations and macrophage-hitchhiking as a strategy to effectively target tumors. We firmly believe that targeting macrophages or utilizing them as an indigenous carrier system could transform cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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11
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Zhu M, Zhu Z, Jiang P, Zheng J, Yan F, Feng J. CircMERTK modulates the suppressive capacity of tumor-associated macrophage via targeting IL-10 in colorectal cancer. Hum Cell 2023; 36:276-285. [PMID: 36163585 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent the major population in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have demonstrated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the development and progression of different immune responses and immune diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in the development of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) remains unknown. Here, we used the circRNA sequencing to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) in TAM-like cell induced by culture medium of colorectal cancer cell lines. Of note, the expression of circMERTK was remarkably overexpressed in TAMs. The ISH assay displayed that the expressions of circMERTK were mainly overlapped with macrophages marker CD68, and the abundance of circMERTK in CRC tissues was much higher than that in matched normal tissues. Functionally, circMERTK knockdown resulted in attenuated CD8+ T cell apoptosis in the co-culture assay, indicating that circMERTK could have an impact on the immunosuppressive activity of TAM-like cell. Mechanically, TAM-like cell could exert immunosuppressive activity via circMERTK/miR-125a-3p/IL-10 axis. These data suggested that circMERTK could play an important role in TAM activation, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Zining Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Brech D, Herbstritt AS, Diederich S, Straub T, Kokolakis E, Irmler M, Beckers J, Büttner FA, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Schwab M, Nelson PJ, Noessner E. Dendritic Cells or Macrophages? The Microenvironment of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Imprints a Mosaic Myeloid Subtype Associated with Patient Survival. Cells 2022; 11:3289. [PMID: 36291154 PMCID: PMC9600747 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their initial description by Elie Metchnikoff, phagocytes have sparked interest in a variety of biologic disciplines. These important cells perform central functions in tissue repair and immune activation as well as tolerance. Myeloid cells can be immunoinhibitory, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, where their presence is generally associated with poor patient prognosis. These cells are highly adaptable and plastic, and can be modulated to perform desired functions such as antitumor activity, if key programming molecules can be identified. Human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered immunogenic; yet checkpoint blockades that target T cell dysfunction have shown limited clinical efficacy, suggesting additional layers of immunoinhibition. We previously described "enriched-in-renal cell carcinoma" (erc) DCs that were often found in tight contact with dysfunctional T cells. Using transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry, we describe here that ercDCs represent a mosaic cell type within the macrophage continuum co-expressing M1 and M2 markers. The polarization state reflects tissue-specific signals that are characteristic of RCC and renal tissue homeostasis. ErcDCs are tissue-resident with increasing prevalence related to tumor grade. Accordingly, a high ercDC score predicted poor patient survival. Within the profile, therapeutic targets (VSIG4, NRP1, GPNMB) were identified with promise to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Brech
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna S. Herbstritt
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Diederich
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Kokolakis
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Florian A. Büttner
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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13
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Park JV, Chandra R, Cai L, Ganguly D, Li H, Toombs JE, Girard L, Brekken RA, Minna JD. Tumor Cells Modulate Macrophage Phenotype in a Novel In Vitro Co-Culture Model of the NSCLC Tumor Microenvironment. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:1178-1191. [PMID: 35798240 PMCID: PMC9529910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophage phenotype in the tumor microenvironment correlates with prognosis in NSCLC. Immunosuppressive macrophages promote tumor progression, whereas proinflammatory macrophages may drive an antitumor immune response. How individual NSCLCs affect macrophage phenotype is a major knowledge gap. METHODS To systematically study the impact of lung cancer cells on macrophage phenotypes, we developed an in vitro co-culture model that consisted of molecularly and clinically annotated patient-derived NSCLC lines, human cancer-associated fibroblasts, and murine macrophages. Induced macrophage phenotype was studied through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and validated in vivo using NSCLC xenografts through quantitative immunohistochemistry and clinically with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-"matched" patient tumors. RESULTS A total of 72 NSCLC cell lines were studied. The most frequent highly induced macrophage-related gene was Arginase-1, reflecting an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype. This was independent of multiple clinicopathologic factors, which also did not affect M2:M1 ratios in matched TCGA samples. In vivo, xenograft tumors established from high Arginase-1-inducing lines (Arghi) had a significantly elevated density of Arg1+ macrophages. Matched TCGA clinical samples to Arghi NSCLC lines had a significantly higher ratio of M2:M1 macrophages (p = 0.0361). CONCLUSIONS In our in vitro co-culture model, a large panel of patient-derived NSCLC lines most frequently induced high-expression Arginase-1 in co-cultured mouse macrophages, independent of major clinicopathologic and oncogenotype-related factors. Arghi cluster-matched TCGA tumors contained a higher ratio of M2:M1 macrophages. Thus, this in vitro model reproducibly characterizes how individual NSCLC modulates macrophage phenotype, correlates with macrophage polarization in clinical samples, and can serve as an accessible platform for further investigation of macrophage-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Voth Park
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raghav Chandra
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ling Cai
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Debolina Ganguly
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Huiyu Li
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jason E Toombs
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis. Gene 2022; 838:146735. [PMID: 35835403 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non-lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma's progression in dogs.
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Transcription Factor MAFB as a Prognostic Biomarker for the Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179945. [PMID: 36077342 PMCID: PMC9456510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MAFB is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor specifically expressed in macrophages. We have previously identified MAFB as a candidate marker for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in human and mouse models. Here, we analyzed single-cell sequencing data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma obtained from the GEO database (GSE131907). Analyzed data showed that general macrophage marker CD68 and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (CD204) were expressed in TAM and lung tissue macrophage clusters, while transcription factor MAFB was expressed specifically in TAM clusters. Clinical records of 120 patients with lung adenocarcinoma stage I (n = 57), II (n = 21), and III (n = 42) were retrieved from Tsukuba Human Tissue Biobank Center (THB) in the University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan. Tumor tissues from these patients were extracted and stained with anti-human MAFB antibody, and then MAFB-positive cells relative to the tissue area (MAFB+ cells/tissue area) were morphometrically quantified. Our results indicated that higher numbers of MAFB+ cells significantly correlated to increased local lymph node metastasis (nodal involvement), high recurrence rate, poor pathological stage, increased lymphatic permeation, higher vascular invasion, and pleural infiltration. Moreover, increased amounts of MAFB+ cells were related to poor overall survival and disease-free survival, especially in smokers. These data indicate that MAFB may be a suitable prognostic biomarker for smoker lung cancer patients.
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16
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Shen C, Han L, Liu B, Zhang G, Cai Z, Yin X, Yin Y, Chen Z, Zhang B. The KDM6A-SPARCL1 axis blocks metastasis and regulates the tumour microenvironment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1457-1469. [PMID: 35136209 PMCID: PMC9090789 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is urgent to explore the pathogenic mechanism of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). KDM6A, a histone demethylase, can activate gene transcription and has not been reported in GISTs. SPARCL1 may serve as a metastasis marker in GIST, but the molecular mechanism remains to be further explored. This study aimed to explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of KDM6A and SPARCL1 in GIST. METHODS CCK-8, live cell count, colony formation, wound-healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to detect the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A xenograft model and hepatic metastasis model were used to assess the role of KDM6A and SPARCL1 in vivo. RESULTS KDM6A inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GIST cells. Mechanistically, KDM6A promotes the transcription of SPARCL1 by demethylating histone H3 lysine trimethylation and consequently leads to the inactivation of p65. SPARCL1 affected the metastasis of GIST cells in a mesenchymal-epithelial transition- and matrix-metalloproteinase-dependent manner. SPARCL1 knockdown promoted angiogenesis, M2 polarisation and macrophage recruitment by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65. Moreover, KDM6A and SPARCL1 inhibited hepatic metastasis and macrophage infiltration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish the critical role of the KDM6A-SPARCL1-p65 axis in restraining the malignancy of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyin Han
- Intensive care unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baike Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Russo M, Nastasi C. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: A Close Up of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871513. [PMID: 35664746 PMCID: PMC9160747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in dynamically regulating cancer progression and influencing the therapeutic outcome is widely accepted and appreciated. Several therapeutic strategies to modify or modulate the TME, like angiogenesis or immune checkpoint inhibitors, showed clinical efficacy and received approval from regulatory authorities. Within recent decades, new promising strategies targeting myeloid cells have been implemented in preclinical cancer models. The predominance of specific cell phenotypes in the TME has been attributed to pro- or anti-tumoral. Hence, their modulation can, in turn, alter the responses to standard-of-care treatments, making them more or less effective. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and the correlated challenges about the tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils targeting strategies, current treatments, and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has evolved into an increasingly complex clinical entity with ever more challenges. While surgical resection is the gold standard, advancements in genetic testing, therapeutic options, immunotherapy, and management of metastatic disease necessitate a comprehensive, multimodal approach for these tumors. This chapter highlights the importance of genomic testing of GIST, the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for localized disease, surgical principles for GIST, as well as current and new approaches for addressing metastatic disease.
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19
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Yang Y, Ishima T, Wan X, Wei Y, Chang L, Zhang J, Qu Y, Hashimoto K. Microglial depletion and abnormalities in gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids in mice after repeated administration of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:483-495. [PMID: 34480631 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PLX5622, a brain-penetrant highly specific inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), is used to eliminate microglia in the brain. Considering the role of microglia and gut microbiota in the brain homeostasis, this study was undertaken to investigate whether repeated intragastric administration of PLX5622 (65 mg/kg/day for consecutive 7 days) could affect the composition of gut microbiota and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fresh feces of adult mice. Repeated administration of PLX5622 caused significant reductions of the expression of genes and proteins for microglial markers in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus compared to control mice although the elimination of brain's microglia was partial. There was a significant alteration in the β-diversity of intestine microbiota in the PLX5622-treated group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified eight significant enriched bacteria as microbial markers for PLX5622-treated group. Repeated administration of PLX5622 affected the relative abundance of several bacteria at the genus and species levels. Furthermore, repeated administration of PLX5622 caused a significant change in lactic acid compared to control group. Interestingly, we found significant correlations between microglial markers in the brain and the relative abundance of several bacteria, suggesting microbiome-microglia crosstalk through the brain-gut axis. These data demonstrate that repeated administration of PLX5622 leads to an abnormal composition of the gut microbiota and lactic acid in adult mice. Therefore, abnormalities in the composition of gut microbiota after repeated treatment of PLX5622 should be considered for behavioral and biological functions in animals treated with CSF1R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiayun Wan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yan Wei
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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20
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Jones RL, Trent J, Champiat S, Dumont S. Beyond the Driver Mutation: Immunotherapies in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715727. [PMID: 34489967 PMCID: PMC8417712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and have become a concept of oncogenic addiction and targeted therapies.The large majority of these tumors develop after a mutation in KIT or platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. GISTs are highly sensitive to imatinib. GISTs are immune infiltrated tumors with a predominance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T-cells, including many CD8+ T-cells, whose numbers are prognostic. The genomic expression profile is that of an inhibited Th1 response and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and B cell signatures, which are known as predictive to response to ICI. However, the microtumoral environment has immunosuppressive attributes, with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) or PD-L1, and loss of major histocompatibility complex type 1. In addition to inhibiting the KIT oncogene, imatinib appears to act by promoting cytotoxic T-cell activity, interacting with natural killer cells, and inhibiting the expression of PD-L1. Paradoxically, imatinib also appears to induce M2 polarization of macrophages. There have been few immunotherapy trials with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-L1drugs and available clinical data are not very promising. Based on this comprehensive analysis of TME, we believe three immunotherapeutic strategies must be underlined in GIST. First, patients included in clinical trials must be better selected, based on the identified driver mutation (such as PDGFRα D842V mutation), the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) or PD-L1 expression. Moreover, innovative immunotherapeutic agents also provide great interest in GIST, and there is a strong rationale for exploring IDO targeting after disease progression during imatinib therapy. Finally and most importantly, there is a strong rationale to combine of c-kit inhibition with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Lewis Jones
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research & Sarcoma Unit of the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Trent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stéphane Champiat
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Dumont
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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21
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Xiao MC, Qian H, Huang CK, Zheng BN, Yan FZ, Liu F, Zhang X, Chen SJ, Luo C, Xie WF. Imatinib inhibits the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174217. [PMID: 34087223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recent research indicated that imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effect of imatinib on HCC and its mechanism remain under investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that imatinib inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and exerted antitumour effects on HCC xenografts in mice in vivo. Imatinib treatment decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and increased the levels of both p62 (protein sequestosome 1) and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) in HCC cells and HCC xenografts. Scanning confocal microscopy analysis with a mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that imatinib suppressed the autophagic flux by obstructing the formation of autolysosomes. Moreover, imatinib reversed the autophagy induced by sorafenib, and combined treatment with imatinib and sorafenib exerted a synergetic effect in HCC cells compared with monotherapy. Our collective data suggested that imatinib may target HCC by acting as an inhibitor of both tyrosine kinase and autophagy; here, we propose that imatinib could be a promising therapeutic agent for HCC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chao Xiao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Chen-Kai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bai-Nan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fang-Zhi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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22
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Rytlewski J, Milhem MM, Monga V. Turning 'Cold' tumors 'Hot': immunotherapies in sarcoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1039. [PMID: 34277839 PMCID: PMC8267323 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have an established role in the management of several advanced malignancies. Their responses are largely dependent on the presence of PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI), and high tumor mutation burden. Sarcomas are heterogenous tumors which comprise over 100 subtypes. They are broadly considered immunologically inert or “cold”. Immunotherapy as monotherapy has shown interesting responses in a certain handful of subtypes, such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcoma, and alveolar soft part sarcoma. However, the mechanisms of action of immunotherapy agents in several sarcoma subtypes remains unknown. Several sarcoma types such as leiomyosarcoma have been shown to have an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Early clinical studies suggest the emergence of B cell infiltration in sarcoma tumor tissues as well as the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 as biomarkers of response. Immunotherapy combinations with conventional chemotherapies, radiation therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and oncolytic viruses are showing promise in turning these “cold” tumors “hot”. Several novel agents as well as repurposing therapies with the potential to enhance immunotherapy responses are undergoing pre-clinical and clinical studies in other tumor types. Herein we review current clinical studies which have explored the use of immunotherapeutic agents in the management of sarcomas and discuss the challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rytlewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohammed M Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kumar A, Swain CA, Shevde LA. Informing the new developments and future of cancer immunotherapy : Future of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:549-562. [PMID: 34003425 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) in reinforcing anti-tumor immunity in response to carcinogenesis and metastasis has shown promising advances, along with new therapeutic challenges, in the landscape of cancer care. To promote tumor growth and metastasis, cancer cells aim to manipulate their microenvironment by mediating a crosstalk with various immune cells through the secretion of chemokines, cytokines, and other associated factors. Understanding this crosstalk is the key to discovering the best targets for improved immunotherapies and clinical strategies in cancer treatment. Here, we review the tumor immune crosstalk in cancer growth and metastasis. This review also highlights the development and expansion of CIT over the years. Moreover, we highlight clinical challenges and limitations involving immune-related adverse events, treating cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases, and the management of immunotherapy-induced treatment resistance. Possible clinical solutions to these current challenges in CIT are also proposed. Altogether, this review can contribute to the formation of pre-clinical and treatment-related strategies that further develop the availability and effectiveness of CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Courtney A Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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24
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Liu M, Etherington MS, Hanna A, Medina BD, Vitiello GA, Bowler TG, Param NJ, Levin L, Rossi F, DeMatteo RP. Oncogenic KIT Modulates Type I IFN-Mediated Antitumor Immunity in GIST. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:542-553. [PMID: 33648985 PMCID: PMC8102332 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are implicated in tumor immunogenicity and response to systemic therapy, but their interaction with oncogene signaling is not well understood. Here, we studied oncogenic KIT, which drives gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common sarcoma. Using mouse models of GIST, we found that KIT inhibition reduced type I IFN production and signaling, which downregulated tumor MHC class I expression. Absence of type I IFN signaling increased tumor size, in part due to CD8+ T-cell impairment. Oncogenic KIT was required for GIST type I IFN signal transduction via STAT1. In human GIST cell lines and surgical specimens, type I IFN signaling contributed to human lymphocyte antigen class I expression and correlated with tumor immunogenicity. Augmenting the type I IFN response partially compensated for the immunosuppressive effects of KIT inhibition. Thus, KIT signaling contributes to type I IFN signaling, whereas KIT inhibition attenuates tumor immunogenicity and is partly rescued by innate immune stimulation.See related Spotlight on p. 489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Etherington
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Hanna
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerardo A Vitiello
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy G Bowler
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nesteene J Param
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lillian Levin
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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25
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Yegla B, Boles J, Kumar A, Foster TC. Partial microglial depletion is associated with impaired hippocampal synaptic and cognitive function in young and aged rats. Glia 2021; 69:1494-1514. [PMID: 33586813 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of microglia in mediating age-related changes in cognition and hippocampal synaptic function was examined by microglial depletion and replenishment using PLX3397. We observed age-related differences in microglial number and morphology, as well as increased Iba-1 expression, indicating microglial activation. PLX3397 treatment decreased microglial number, with aged rats exhibiting the lowest density. Young rats exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines during depletion and repopulation and maintenance of Iba-1 levels despite reduced microglial number. For aged rats, several cytokines increased with depletion and recovered during repopulation; however, aged rats did not fully recover microglial cell number or Iba-1 expression during repopulation, with a recovery comparable to young control levels rather than aged controls. Hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission was impaired with age, and microglial depletion was associated with decreased total synaptic transmission in young and aged rats. A robust decline in N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission arose in young depleted rats specifically. Microglial replenishment normalized depletion-induced synaptic function to control levels; however, recovery of aged animals did not mirror young. Microglial depletion was associated with decreased context-object discrimination memory in both age groups, which recovered with microglial repopulation. Aged rats displayed impaired contextual and cued fear memory, and microglial replenishment did not recover their memory to the level of young. The current study indicates that cognitive function and synaptic transmission benefit from the support of aged microglia and are hindered by removal of these cells. Replenishment of microglia in aging did not ameliorate age-related cognitive impairments or senescent synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Yegla
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jake Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Fu SY, Wang CC, Chen FH, Yu CF, Hong JH, Chiang CS. Sunitinib Treatment-elicited Distinct Tumor Microenvironment Dramatically Compensated the Reduction of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells. In Vivo 2021; 34:1141-1152. [PMID: 32354903 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The clinical response rate of prostate cancer to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy is low. The mechanisms of resistance to TKI are unclear. This study aimed to examine if the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in the resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-vascular effect of Sutent was examined by immunofluorescent staining in TRAMP-C1 tumor. The percentage of CD11b+ population were analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS The Sutent monotherapy caused 1.5 days of tumor growth delay, chronic hypoxia, and more mature vasculature. Sutent monotherapy increased the percentage of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood. The evolved TME triggered the re-distribution of myeloid cells in chronically hypoxic areas. The multiplex immunoassay indicated higher levels of several cytokines and chemokines both in tumors and the blood. CONCLUSION Sunitinib treatment induced a distinct tumor microenvironment that impaired the efficient reduction of MDSCs by TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yung Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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27
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Italiano A. New insights into the clinical management of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:439-447. [PMID: 33307872 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1828346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 90% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harbor an activating mutation in the KIT or PDGFRα oncogene, and these are known to confer imatinib sensitivity. AREAS COVERED The author reviews the data regarding the current management of GIST, mechanisms of resistance to imatinib, and new drugs currently in clinical development and provides his unique perspectives on the subject matter. EXPERT OPINION Several studies have shown that the response to imatinib in GIST patients mainly depends on the mutational status of KIT or PDGFRα. Moreover, most, if not all, patients treated with imatinib for advanced GIST will develop a secondary progressive disease under the treatment. In most cases, such progressions are the result of acquired resistance due to the occurrence of secondary c-KIT mutations, especially in GISTs with primary exon 11 mutations. Sunitinib and regorafenib are inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases, including KIT, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and VEGFRs, and are approved for the management of imatinib- and imatinib/sunitinib-refractory GIST patients, respectively. Clearly, better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance to imatinib as well as the development of a new class of broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as avapritinib and ripretinib will provide new individualized therapeutic strategies for GIST patients.
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28
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The V654A second-site KIT mutation increases tumor oncogenesis and STAT activation in a mouse model of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Oncogene 2020; 39:7153-7165. [PMID: 33024275 PMCID: PMC7718339 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma and arises in the gastrointestinal tract. Most GISTs are caused by activating mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, such as the exon 11 KIT V559Δ mutation. The small molecule imatinib inhibits KIT and has been a mainstay of therapy in GIST. Unfortunately, imatinib-treated patients typically relapse, most often due to clonal emergence of the resistance-associated KIT V654A mutation. To determine the biologic impact of this second-site mutation in vivo, we created a mouse model with the corresponding V558Δ;V653A Kit double mutation restricted (a) spatially to ETV1+ cells, which include the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from which GISTs presumably originate, and (b) temporally through tamoxifen treatment after birth. This resulted in the first in vivo model of the most common second-site mutation associated with imatinib resistance in GIST and the first in vivo demonstration that cell-autonomous expression of mutant KIT in the ICC lineage leads to GIST. GISTs driven by the V558Δ;V653A Kit double mutation were resistant to imatinib, while cabozantinib was more effective in overcoming resistance than sunitinib. Compared to control mice with a single V558Δ Kit mutation, mice with a double V558Δ; V653A Kit mutation had increased tumor oncogenesis and associated KIT-dependent STAT activation. Our findings demonstrate that the biologic consequences of a second-site mutation in an oncogenic driver may include not only a mechanism for drug resistance, but changes in tumor oncogenic potential and differential activation of signaling pathways.
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29
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Davidov V, Jensen G, Mai S, Chen SH, Pan PY. Analyzing One Cell at a TIME: Analysis of Myeloid Cell Contributions in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1842. [PMID: 32983100 PMCID: PMC7492293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-mediated regulation of the host immune system involves an intricate signaling network that results in the tumor's inherent survival benefit. Myeloid cells are central in orchestrating the mechanisms by which tumors escape immune detection and continue their proliferative programming. Myeloid cell activation has historically been classified using a dichotomous system of classical (M1-like) and alternative (M2-like) states, defining general pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. Explosions in bioinformatics analyses have rapidly expanded the definitions of myeloid cell pro- and anti-inflammatory states with different combinations of tissue- and disease-specific phenotypic and functional markers. These new definitions have allowed researchers to target specific subsets of disease-propagating myeloid cells in order to modify or arrest the natural progression of the associated disease, especially in the context of tumor-immune interactions. Here, we discuss the myeloid cell contribution to solid tumor initiation and maintenance, and strategies to reprogram their phenotypic and functional fate, thereby disabling the network that benefits tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Davidov
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Garrett Jensen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunny Mai
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Zhang X, Li W, Sun J, Yang Z, Guan Q, Wang R, Li X, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y. How to use macrophages to realise the treatment of tumour. J Drug Target 2020; 28:1034-1045. [PMID: 32603199 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1775236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mø) are immune cells with natural phagocytic ability and play an important role in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. Mø play a dual role of tumour inhibition and tumour promotion in tumour development due to their two different phenotypes. Mø in the tumour microenvironment have long been referred to as tumour-associated Mø (TAMs). Mø are mainly involved in tumour resistance, cancer metastasis and mediating immunosuppression. Nowadays, Mø and Mø membranes have been widely used in drug delivery systems (DDSs) because of their good biocompatibility, natural phagocytosis and their important role in tumour development. In this review, from the perspective of Mø's role in tumour development, we present strategies and drugs of Mø targeting and focusing on the several types of biomimetic nanoparticles constructed by Mø and Mø membranes in tumour therapy, and discuss the problem of this delivery system in present research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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31
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Burfeind KG, Zhu X, Norgard MA, Levasseur PR, Huisman C, Michaelis KA, Olson B, Marks DL. Microglia in the hypothalamus respond to tumor-derived factors and are protective against cachexia during pancreatic cancer. Glia 2020; 68:1479-1494. [PMID: 32039522 PMCID: PMC7205589 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) respond to inflammatory stimuli and metabolic perturbations to mediate body composition. This concept is well studied in the context of high fat diet induced obesity (HFDO), yet has not been investigated in the context of cachexia, a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism. We show that microglia accumulate specifically in the MBH early in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-associated cachexia and assume an activated morphology. Furthermore, we observe astrogliosis in the MBH and hippocampus concurrent with cachexia initiation. We next show that circulating immune cells resembling macrophages infiltrate the MBH. PDAC-derived factors induced microglia to express a transcriptional profile in vitro that was distinct from that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microglia depletion through CSF1-R antagonism resulted in accelerated cachexia onset and increased anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism during PDAC. This corresponded with increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CSF1-R antagonism had little effect on inflammatory response in the circulation, liver, or tumor. These findings demonstrate that microglia are protective against PDAC cachexia and provide mechanistic insight into this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. Burfeind
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Mason A. Norgard
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Peter R. Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Christian Huisman
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Katherine A. Michaelis
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health and & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
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32
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Phase I trial evaluating safety and efficacy of intratumorally administered inflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells (ilixadencel) in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2393-2401. [PMID: 32535637 PMCID: PMC7568699 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The majority of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) develop resistance to imatinib, and subsequent treatments have limited efficacy. Ilixadencel (allogeneic inflammatory dendritic cells) is a cell-based immune primer injected intratumorally that previously has been clinically investigated in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The trial was a single arm phase I trial assessing safety and efficacy of ilixadencel in subjects with progressing advanced/metastatic GIST despite ongoing treatment with second or later lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Three patients were progressing while on sunitinib (second line), one on regorafenib (third line), and two on pazopanib (fourth line). TKI treatment was maintained throughout, while two intratumoral injections of ilixadencel (10 × 106 viable and HLA-DR expressing cells per dose) were administered. Results No severe adverse events were found to be related to ilixadencel administration. Four patients showed continued tumor progression at 3 months per RECIST 1.1 and Choi criteria. One patient (on third line regorafenib) had stable disease for 9 months and another patient (on second line sunitinib) had stable disease at end of study (12 months) as per RECIST 1.1. These two patients developed a partial response as per Choi criteria with a duration of 3 and 6 months, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months. Conclusion Ilixadencel treatment presented an acceptable safety profile among advanced GIST patients who developed resistance to TKI. Encouraging radiological tumor responses were detected in 33% of treated patients, supporting further investigation. Clinical trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT: 02432846; registration date: February 22, 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-020-02625-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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33
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Indio V, Ravegnini G, Astolfi A, Urbini M, Saponara M, De Leo A, Gruppioni E, Tarantino G, Angelini S, Pession A, Pantaleo MA, Nannini M. Gene Expression Profiling of PDGFRA Mutant GIST Reveals Immune Signatures as a Specific Fingerprint of D842V Exon 18 Mutation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:851. [PMID: 32670260 PMCID: PMC7326057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRA) mutations occur in only about 5-7% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), notably with alterations on exons 12/14/18. The most frequent PDGFRA mutation is the exon 18 D842V, which is correlated to specific clinico-pathological features, such as primary imatinib resistance and higher indolence. Here, we present a gene expression profile (GEP) comparison of D842V vs. PDGFRA with mutations other than D842V (non-D842V). GEP was followed by in silico bioinformatic analysis aimed at evaluating differential expression, tumor microenvironment composition and pathway enrichment. We found a large set of oncogenes, transcription factors and nuclear receptors downregulated in the D842V mutant. Conversely, D842V showed a significant enrichment of immune- and interferon- related gene signatures. Differences in tumor microenvironment composition were also highlighted, including a higher abundance of CD8+ T-cells and an overexpression of the T cell-inflamed signature in the D842V mutant subgroup, which is predictive of immunotherapy response. PDGFRA D842V vs. non-D842V GIST display a different expression profile, with a prominent immunological signature, that could represent a proof of principle for testing immunotherapeutic strategies in this drug-orphan subset of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milena Urbini
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Maristella Saponara
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Medical Oncology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Chang WL, Yang WC, Zeng XY, Li CG, Xiong Z, Wang T, Zhang RZ, Tao KX, Zhang P. Elevated preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 32321434 PMCID: PMC7178594 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are considered to reflect the systemic inflammatory response and clinical prognosis. However, the independent prognostic values of the NLR and PLR for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remain debatable. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative NLR and PLR in GIST patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all GIST patients diagnosed and surgically treated at Union Hospital between 2005 and 2018. The preoperative NLR and PLR were calculated to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent prognostic values. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 49 months (interquartile range, 22-74 months). The preoperative PLR was significantly increased in the GIST patients with intermediate and high tumor risks. Increases in the NLR (≥2.34) and PLR (≥185.04) were associated with shorter RFS and OS (P < 0.01). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that elevated PLR was an independent factor for shorter RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.041; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.001-4.622; P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.136-3.173; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative PLR is a potential biomarker of GIST and is related to the clinical outcome. An elevated preoperative PLR predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary GIST after complete surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wen-Chang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Rovatti PE, Gambacorta V, Lorentino F, Ciceri F, Vago L. Mechanisms of Leukemia Immune Evasion and Their Role in Relapse After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32158444 PMCID: PMC7052328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development of multiple strategies to allow the safe transfer from the donor to the patient of high numbers of partially HLA-incompatible T cells has dramatically reduced the toxicities of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT), but this was not accompanied by a similar positive impact on the incidence of post-transplantation relapse. In the present review, we will elaborate on how the unique interplay between HLA-mismatched immune system and malignancy that characterizes haplo-HCT may impact relapse biology, shaping the selection of disease variants that are resistant to the “graft-vs.-leukemia” effect. In particular, we will present current knowledge on genomic loss of HLA, a relapse modality first described in haplo-HCT and accounting for a significant proportion of relapses in this setting, and discuss other more recently identified mechanisms of post-transplantation immune evasion and relapse, including the transcriptional downregulation of HLA class II molecules and the enforcement of inhibitory checkpoints between T cells and leukemia. Ultimately, we will review the available treatment options for patients who relapse after haplo-HCT and discuss on how a deeper insight into relapse immunobiology might inform the rational and personalized selection of therapies to improve the largely unsatisfactory clinical outcome of relapsing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Edoardo Rovatti
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambacorta
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorentino
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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37
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Singhal S, Stadanlick J, Annunziata MJ, Rao AS, Bhojnagarwala PS, O'Brien S, Moon EK, Cantu E, Danet-Desnoyers G, Ra HJ, Litzky L, Akimova T, Beier UH, Hancock WW, Albelda SM, Eruslanov EB. Human tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages and their regulation of T cell responses in early-stage lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/479/eaat1500. [PMID: 30760579 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Data from mouse tumor models suggest that tumor-associated monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (MMLCs) dampen antitumor immune responses. However, given the fundamental differences between mice and humans in tumor evolution, genetic heterogeneity, and immunity, the function of MMLCs might be different in human tumors, especially during early stages of disease. Here, we studied MMLCs in early-stage human lung tumors and found that they consist of a mixture of classical tissue monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The TAMs coexpressed M1/M2 markers, as well as T cell coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors. Functionally, TAMs did not primarily suppress tumor-specific effector T cell responses, whereas tumor monocytes tended to be more T cell inhibitory. TAMs expressing relevant MHC class I/tumor peptide complexes were able to activate cognate effector T cells. Mechanistically, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on bystander TAMs, as opposed to PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells, did not inhibit interactions between tumor-specific T cells and tumor targets. TAM-derived PD-L1 exerted a regulatory role only during the interaction of TAMs presenting relevant peptides with cognate effector T cells and thus may limit excessive activation of T cells and protect TAMs from killing by these T cells. These results suggest that the function of TAMs as primarily immunosuppressive cells might not fully apply to early-stage human lung cancer and might explain why some patients with strong PD-L1 positivity fail to respond to PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Annunziata
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abhishek S Rao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pratik S Bhojnagarwala
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Hyun-Jeong Ra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leslie Litzky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tatiana Akimova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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38
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Ali S, Mansour AG, Huang W, Queen NJ, Mo X, Anderson JM, Hassan II QN, Patel RS, Wilkins RK, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 and environmental enrichment additively improve metabolic outcomes in middle-aged female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2101-2122. [PMID: 32007953 PMCID: PMC7041757 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
As the elderly population grows, chronic metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes are becoming increasingly common comorbidities. Hypothalamic inflammation through CNS resident microglia serves as a common pathway between developing obesity and developing systemic aging pathologies. Despite understanding aging as a life-long process involving interactions between individuals and their environment, limited studies address the dynamics of environment interactions with aging or aging therapeutics. We previously demonstrated environmental enrichment (EE) is an effective model for studying improved metabolic health and overall healthspan in mice, which acts through a brain-fat axis. Here we investigated the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 (PLX), which depletes microglia, and its effects on metabolic decline in aging in interaction with EE. PLX in combination with EE substantially improved metabolic outcomes in middle-aged female mice over PLX or EE alone. Chronic PLX treatment depleted 75% of microglia from the hypothalamus and reduced markers of inflammation without affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels induced by EE. Adipose tissue remodeling and adipose tissue macrophage modulation were observed in response to CSF1R inhibition, which may contribute to the combined benefits seen in EE with PLX. Our study suggests benefits exist from combined drug and lifestyle interventions in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony G. Mansour
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Anderson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Quais N. Hassan II
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ripal S. Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan K. Wilkins
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Indio V, Astolfi A, Urbini M, Nannini M, Pantaleo MA. Genetics and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors: what do we know? Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:231-234. [PMID: 31973655 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milena Urbini
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria A Pantaleo
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center (CIRC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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40
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Alves R, McArdle SEB, Vadakekolathu J, Gonçalves AC, Freitas-Tavares P, Pereira A, Almeida AM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Rutella S. Flow cytometry and targeted immune transcriptomics identify distinct profiles in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without interferon-α. J Transl Med 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31900171 PMCID: PMC6941328 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells have evolved complex strategies to escape immune surveillance, a process which involves NK cells and T lymphocytes, and various immunological factors. Indeed, tumor cells recruit immunosuppressive cells [including regulatory T-cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)] and express factors such as PD-L1. Molecularly targeted therapies, such as imatinib, have off-target effects that may influence immune function. Imatinib has been shown to modulate multiple cell types involved in anti-cancer immune surveillance, with potentially detrimental or favorable outcomes. Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have dramatically changed disease course. Our study aimed to characterize the different populations of the immune system in patients with CML affected by their treatment. Methods Forty-one patients with CML [33 treated with TKIs and 8 with TKIs plus interferon (IFN)-α] and 20 controls were enrolled in the present study. Peripheral blood populations of the immune system [referred to as the overview of immune system (OVIS) panel, Treg cells and MDSCs] and PD-1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. The immunological profile was assessed using the mRNA Pan-Cancer Immune Profiling Panel and a NanoString nCounter FLEX platform. Results Patients receiving combination therapy (TKIs + IFN-α) had lower numbers of lymphocytes, particularly T cells [838/µL (95% CI 594–1182)] compared with healthy controls [1500/µL (95% CI 1207 – 1865), p = 0.017]. These patients also had a higher percentage of Treg (9.1%) and CD4+PD-1+ cells (1.65%) compared with controls [Treg (6.1%) and CD4+/PD-1+(0.8%); p ≤ 0.05]. Moreover, patients treated with TKIs had more Mo-MDSCs (12.7%) whereas those treated with TKIs + IFN-α had more Gr-MDSC (21.3%) compared to controls [Mo-MDSC (11.4%) and Gr-MDSC (8.48%); p ≤ 0.05]. CD56bright NK cells, a cell subset endowed with immune-regulatory properties, were increased in patients receiving TKIs plus IFN-α compared with those treated with TKIs alone. Interestingly, serum IL-21 was significantly lower in the TKIs plus IFN-α cohort. Within the group of patients treated with TKI monotherapy, we observed that individuals receiving 2nd generation TKIs had lower percentages of CD4+ Treg (3.63%) and Gr-MDSC (4.2%) compared to patients under imatinib treatment (CD4+ Treg 6.18% and Gr-MDSC 8.2%), but higher levels of PD-1-co-expressing CD4+ cells (1.92%). Conclusions Our results suggest that TKIs in combination with IFN-α may promote an enhanced immune suppressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stephanie E B McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas-Tavares
- Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz (HDFF), Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Antonio M Almeida
- Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal.,CIIS (Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa de Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK. .,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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Mu J, Sun P, Ma Z, Sun P. BRD4 promotes tumor progression and NF-κB/CCL2-dependent tumor-associated macrophage recruitment in GIST. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:935. [PMID: 31819043 PMCID: PMC6901583 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly occurring sarcoma of the soft tissue is gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Treatment and prevention of the disease necessitate an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. However, the role of BRD4 in the progression of GIST is still unclear. While it is known there are abundant infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment, the exact role of these cells has yet to be studied. This work showed an upregulation of BRD4 in GIST that was associated with GIST prognosis. Through gain and loss of function studies, it was found that BRD4 promotes GIST growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BRD4 enhances CCL2 expression by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, this CCL2 upregulation causes recruitment of macrophages into the tumor leading to tumor growth. A likely mechanism for interactions in the GIST microenvironment has been outlined by this work to show the role and potential use of BRD4 as a treatment target in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Mu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Changchun Railway Medical Insurance Management Office, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengda Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Zhou JM, Hu SQ, Jiang H, Chen YL, Feng JH, Chen ZQ, Wen KM. OCT4B1 Promoted EMT and Regulated the Self-Renewal of CSCs in CRC: Effects Associated with the Balance of miR-8064/PLK1. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 15:7-20. [PMID: 31650021 PMCID: PMC6804455 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of tumor generation, recurrence, metastasis, and therapy failure in various malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor cells can acquire CSC characteristics through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. However, the molecular mechanism of CSCs remains unclear. OCT4B1 is a transcript of OCT4, which is initially expressed in embryonic stem and carcinoma cells, and is involved in the regulation and maintenance of an undifferentiated state of stem cells. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) microspheres were confirmed as CRC stem cells. Compared with that of parental cells, their self-renewal ability was significantly increased, and OCT4B1 expression was increased and promoted the EMT process. The knockdown of OCT4B1 decreased the self-renewal of CSCs and reversed EMT. Moreover, OCT4B1 induced the expression of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is a key regulator of EMT in tumor cells. Further examination showed that OCT4B1 regulated the miR-8064/PLK1 balance to exert its function. Taken together, our data suggest that OCT4B1 may be involved in regulating the self-renewal of colorectal CSCs through EMT, which is at least partially due to the miR-8064/PLK1 balance. This study indicates that OCT4B1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Shui-Qing Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ji-Hong Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zheng-Quan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Kun-Ming Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
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Vitiello GA, Bowler TG, Liu M, Medina BD, Zhang JQ, Param NJ, Loo JK, Goldfeder RL, Chibon F, Rossi F, Zeng S, DeMatteo RP. Differential immune profiles distinguish the mutational subtypes of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1863-1877. [PMID: 30762585 PMCID: PMC6486334 DOI: 10.1172/jci124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma, frequently characterized by an oncogenic mutation in the KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes. We performed RNA sequencing of 75 human GIST tumors from 75 patients, comprising the largest cohort of GISTs sequenced to date, in order to discover differences in the immune infiltrates of KIT and PDGFRA-mutant GIST. Through bioinformatics, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, we found that PDGFRA-mutant GISTs harbored more immune cells with increased cytolytic activity when compared to KIT-mutant GISTs. PDGFRA-mutant GISTs expressed many chemokines, such as CXCL14, at a significantly higher level when compared to KIT-mutant GISTs and exhibited more diverse driver-derived neoepitope:HLA binding, both of which may contribute to PDGFRA-mutant GIST immunogenicity. Through machine learning, we generated gene expression-based immune profiles capable of differentiating KIT and PDGFRA-mutant GISTs, and also identified additional immune features of high PD-1 and PD-L1 expressing tumors across all GIST mutational subtypes, which may provide insight into immunotherapeutic opportunities and limitations in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy G. Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Nesteene J. Param
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rachel L. Goldfeder
- Genome Technologies, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Frederic Chibon
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ronald P. DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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44
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Medina BD, Liu M, Vitiello GA, Seifert AM, Zeng S, Bowler T, Zhang JQ, Cavnar MJ, Loo JK, Param NJ, Maltbaek JH, Rossi F, Balachandran V, DeMatteo RP. Oncogenic kinase inhibition limits Batf3-dependent dendritic cell development and antitumor immunity. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1359-1376. [PMID: 31000683 PMCID: PMC6547861 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medina et al. demonstrate that Kit oncogene activity in gastrointestinal stromal tumor modulates the CD103+CD11b− dendritic cell (DC) lineage. The antitumor efficacy of oncogene inhibition initially depends on preexisting immunity orchestrated by CD103+CD11b− DCs, but subsequently is limited by a decrease in DC lineage maturation. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is driven by an activating mutation in the KIT proto-oncogene. Using a mouse model of GIST and human specimens, we show that intratumoral murine CD103+CD11b− dendritic cells (DCs) and human CD141+ DCs are associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and differentiation. In mice, the antitumor effect of the Kit inhibitor imatinib is partially mediated by CD103+CD11b− DCs, and effector CD8+ T cells initially proliferate. However, in both mice and humans, chronic imatinib therapy decreases intratumoral DCs and effector CD8+ T cells. The mechanism in our mouse model depends on Kit inhibition, which reduces intratumoral GM-CSF, leading to the accumulation of Batf3-lineage DC progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by γδ T cells via macrophage IL-1β. Stimulants that expand and mature DCs during imatinib treatment improve antitumor immunity. Our findings identify the importance of tumor cell oncogene activity in modulating the Batf3-dependent DC lineage and reveal therapeutic limitations for combined checkpoint blockade and tyrosine kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerardo A Vitiello
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Timothy Bowler
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nesteene J Param
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vinod Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY .,Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Abstract
The tumor immune landscape gained considerable interest based on the knowledge that genetic aberrations in cancer cells alone are insufficient for tumor development. Macrophages are basically supporting all hallmarks of cancer and owing to their tremendous plasticity they may exert a whole spectrum of anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. As part of the innate immune response, macrophages are armed to attack tumor cells, alone or in concert with distinct T cell subsets. However, in the tumor microenvironment, they sense nutrient and oxygen gradients, receive multiple signals, and respond to this incoming information with a phenotype shift. Often, their functional output repertoire is shifted to become tumor-supportive. Incoming and outgoing signals are chemically heterogeneous but also comprise lipid mediators. Here, we review the current understanding whereby arachidonate metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways shape the macrophage phenotype in a tumor setting. We discuss these findings in the context of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and concomitant prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. We elaborate the multiple actions of this lipid in affecting macrophage biology, which are sensors for and generators of this lipid. Moreover, we summarize properties of 5-lipoxygenases (ALOX5) and 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15, ALOX15B) in macrophages and clarify how these enzymes add to the role of macrophages in a dynamically changing tumor environment. This review will illustrate the potential routes how COX-2/mPGES-1 and ALOX5/-15 in macrophages contribute to the development and progression of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strack
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Lin X, Wang S, Sun M, Zhang C, Wei C, Yang C, Dou R, Liu Q, Xiong B. miR-195-5p/NOTCH2-mediated EMT modulates IL-4 secretion in colorectal cancer to affect M2-like TAM polarization. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:20. [PMID: 30808369 PMCID: PMC6390326 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex environment containing tumor cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), interstitial cells, and non-cellular components. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as a major actor in cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, was involved in the interaction between TAMs and tumor cells. However, the potential mechanisms of EMT and how EMT-programmed tumor cells affect M2-like TAMs still need further exploration. Methods An integrated analysis of nine CRC miRNA expression datasets was performed. Functional assays, including the EdU, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, were used to determine the anticancer role of miR-195-5p in human CRC progression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA decay, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the mechanism of miR-195-p CRC progression. Then co-culture, migration, and ELISA assays were applied to determine the role of miR-195-5p in macrophage recruitment and alternative polarization. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the role of miR-195-5p in CRC tumorigenicity and TAM polarization in vivo. Results An integrated analysis confirmed that miR-195-5p was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, and patients with a low level of miR-195-5p had significantly shortened overall survival as revealed by the TCGA-COAD dataset. Altered miR-195-5p in colon cancer cells led to distinct changes of proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Mechanistically, miR-195-5p regulated NOTCH2 expression in a post-transcriptional manner by directly binding to 3′-UTR of the Notch2 mRNA. Subsequently, miR-195-5p/NOTCH2 suppressed GATA3-mediated IL-4 secretion in CRC cells and ultimately inhibited M2-like TAM polarization. Conclusions miR-195-5p may play a vital role in regulating NOTCH2-mediated tumor cell EMT, thereby affecting IL-4-related M2-like TAM polarization in CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0708-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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47
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Funk KE, Klein RS. CSF1R antagonism limits local restimulation of antiviral CD8 + T cells during viral encephalitis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:22. [PMID: 30704498 PMCID: PMC6354430 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) locally maintained through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling. Microglial depletion via CSF1R inactivation improves cognition in mouse models of neuroinflammation, but limits virologic control in the CNS of mouse models of neurotropic infections by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesize that CSF1R plays a critical role in myeloid cell responses that restrict viral replication and locally restimulate recruited antiviral T cells within the CNS. METHODS The impact of CSF1R signaling during West Nile virus infection was assessed in vivo using a mouse model of neurotropic infection. Pharmacological inactivation of CSF1R was achieved using PLX5622 prior to infection with virulent or attenuated strains of West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging neuropathogen. The subsequent effect of CSF1R antagonism on virologic control was assessed by measuring mortality and viral titers in the CNS and peripheral organs. Immune responses were assessed by flow cytometric-based phenotypic analyses of both peripheral and CNS immune cells. RESULTS Mice treated with CSF1R antagonist prior to infection exhibited higher susceptibility to lethal WNV infection and lack of virologic control in both the CNS and periphery. CSFR1 antagonism reduced B7 co-stimulatory signals on peripheral and CNS antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by depleting CNS cellular sources, which limited local reactivation of CNS-infiltrating virus-specific T cells and reduced viral clearance. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the impact of CSF1R antagonism on APC activation in the CNS and periphery and the importance of microglia in orchestrating the CNS immune response following neurotropic viral infection. These data will be an important consideration when assessing the benefit of CSF1R antagonism, which has been investigated as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative conditions, in which neuroinflammation is a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
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48
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Microglia are an essential component of the neuroprotective scar that forms after spinal cord injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 30705270 PMCID: PMC6355913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microglia in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood and is often confused with the response of macrophages. Here, we use specific transgenic mouse lines and depleting agents to understand the response of microglia after SCI. We find that microglia are highly dynamic and proliferate extensively during the first two weeks, accumulating around the lesion. There, activated microglia position themselves at the interface between infiltrating leukocytes and astrocytes, which proliferate and form a scar in response to microglia-derived factors, such as IGF-1. Depletion of microglia after SCI causes disruption of glial scar formation, enhances parenchymal immune infiltrates, reduces neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival, and impairs locomotor recovery. Conversely, increased microglial proliferation, induced by local M-CSF delivery, reduces lesion size and enhances functional recovery. Altogether, our results identify microglia as a key cellular component of the scar that develops after SCI to protect neural tissue. The role of microglia following spinal cord injury is not fully understood. Here, using transgenic approaches to selectively label microglia and not macrophages in mice, the authors show that microglia are highly active and accumulate at the edge of the lesion in the first weeks post injury, and also that inhibiting microglia activation impairs recovery in the early stages after spinal cord injury.
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49
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Lee S, Shi XQ, Fan A, West B, Zhang J. Targeting macrophage and microglia activation with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor is an effective strategy to treat injury-triggered neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918764979. [PMID: 29546785 PMCID: PMC5858622 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918764979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition. The importance of neuroimmune interactions in neuropathic pain has been evidenced by the involvement of different immune cells in peripheral and central sensitization of pathological pain. Macrophages and microglia are the most abundant immune cells activated in injured nerves and spinal cord, respectively. Several lines of evidence showed that macrophage/microglia survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation require the involvement of macrophage-colony stimulating factor. In this study, we investigated whether blocking macrophage-colony stimulating factor/colony stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling can be effective in relieving neuropathic pain. Materials and methods Partial sciatic nerve ligation was performed in mice to induce neuropathic pain behavior. Mice were orally treated with a selective colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, PLX5622, daily in both preventive (two days prior to surgery until D14 post-partial sciatic nerve ligation) and reversal paradigms (D28-D33 post-partial sciatic nerve ligation). Animal neuropathic pain behavior was monitored using von Frey hairs and acetone application. Phenotype of macrophages in injured nerves was analyzed at D3 and D33 post-injury using flow cytometry analysis. The effect of PLX5622 on microglia activation in lumbar spinal cord was further examined by immunohistochemistry using Iba-1 antibody. Results Significant alleviation of both mechanical and cold allodynia was observed in PLX5622-treated animals, both in preventive and reversal paradigms. PLX5622 treatment reduced the total number of macrophages in injured nerves, it appears colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition affected more specifically CD86+ (M1 like) macrophages. Consequently, the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) was reduced. Microglia activation in dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord following partial sciatic nerve ligation was significantly inhibited with PLX5622 treatment in both preventive and reversal paradigms. Conclusion Macrophages in peripheral nerve and microglia in the spinal cord are required in the generation and maintenance of injury-associated neuropathic pain. Blocking macrophage-colony stimulating factor/colony stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling on these myeloid cells along the pain transmission pathway is an effective strategy to alleviate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHwan Lee
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anni Fan
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ji Zhang
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada.,4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 5620 McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
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50
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Imatinib reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice by targeting inflammatory and lipogenic pathways in macrophages and liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15331. [PMID: 30333571 PMCID: PMC6193017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as key players in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to assess whether pharmacological attenuation of macrophages can be achieved by imatinib, an anti-leukemia drug with known anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, and how this impacts on NAFLD. We analyzed the pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression of murine macrophages and human monocytes in vitro in the presence or absence of imatinib. In a time-resolved study, we characterized metabolic disease manifestations such as hepatic steatosis, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation as well as lipid and glucose metabolism in obese mice at one and three months of imatinib treatment. Our results showed that imatinib lowered pro-inflammatory markers in murine macrophages and human monocytes in vitro. In obese mice, imatinib reduced TNFα-gene expression in peritoneal and liver macrophages and systemic lipid levels at one month. This was followed by decreased hepatic steatosis, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and increased insulin sensitivity after three months. As the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) links lipid metabolism to the innate immune response, we assessed the gene expression of SREBPs and their target genes, which was indeed downregulated in the liver and partially in peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, targeting both inflammatory and lipogenic pathways in macrophages and liver as shown by imatinib could represent an attractive novel therapeutic strategy for patients with NAFLD.
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