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Liu L, Patnana PK, Xie X, Frank D, Nimmagadda SC, Su M, Zhang D, Koenig T, Rosenbauer F, Liebmann M, Klotz L, Xu W, Vorwerk J, Neumann F, Hüve J, Unger A, Okun JG, Opalka B, Khandanpour C. GFI1B acts as a metabolic regulator in hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:2196-2207. [PMID: 35804097 PMCID: PMC9417998 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted the role of transcription factors in metabolic regulation during hematopoiesis and leukemia development. GFI1B is a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis, and its expression is negatively related to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We earlier reported a change in the metabolic state of hematopoietic stem cells upon Gfi1b deletion. Here we explored the role of Gfi1b in metabolism reprogramming during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. We demonstrated that Gfi1b deletion remarkably activated mitochondrial respiration and altered energy metabolism dependence toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial substrate dependency was shifted from glucose to fatty acids upon Gfi1b deletion via upregulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). On a molecular level, Gfi1b epigenetically regulated multiple FAO-related genes. Moreover, we observed that metabolic phenotypes evolved as cells progressed from preleukemia to leukemia, and the correlation between Gfi1b expression level and metabolic phenotype was affected by genetic variations in AML cells. FAO or OXPHOS inhibition significantly impeded leukemia progression of Gfi1b-KO MLL/AF9 cells. Finally, we showed that Gfi1b-deficient AML cells were more sensitive to metformin as well as drugs implicated in OXPHOS and FAO inhibition, opening new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Liu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patnana
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daria Frank
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Minhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Thorsten Koenig
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wendan Xu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Neumann
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Muenster (FM)2, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,evorion biotechnologies GmbH, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jana Hüve
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Muenster (FM)2, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Günther Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Dietmar-Hopp-Metabolic Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck, 23538, Luebeck, Germany.
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G6b-B regulates an essential step in megakaryocyte maturation. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3155-3161. [PMID: 35134123 PMCID: PMC9131916 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of G6b-B leads to an unexpected megakaryocyte development defect resulting in severe macrothrombocytopenia. G6b-B–deficient mice display reduced levels of MK-specific transcripts, surface receptors, GATA-1, and thrombopoietin signaling.
G6b-B is a megakaryocyte lineage-specific immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif–containing receptor, essential for platelet homeostasis. Mice with a genomic deletion of the entire Mpig6b locus develop severe macrothrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis, which is reflected in humans with null mutations in MPIG6B. The current model proposes that megakaryocytes lacking G6b-B develop normally, whereas proplatelet release is hampered, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We report on a spontaneous recessive single nucleotide mutation in C57BL/6 mice, localized within the intronic region of the Mpig6b locus that abolishes G6b-B expression and reproduces macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, and osteosclerosis. As the mutation is based on a single-nucleotide exchange, Mpig6bmut mice represent an ideal model to study the role of G6b-B. Megakaryocytes from these mice were smaller, displayed a less-developed demarcation membrane system, and had a reduced expression of receptors. RNA sequencing revealed a striking global reduction in the level of megakaryocyte-specific transcripts, in conjunction with decreased protein levels of the transcription factor GATA-1 and impaired thrombopoietin signaling. The reduced number of mature MKs in the bone marrow was corroborated on a newly developed Mpig6b-null mouse strain. Our findings highlight an unexpected essential role of G6b-B in the early differentiation within the megakaryocytic lineage.
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Characterization of a genomic region 8 kb downstream of GFI1B associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166259. [PMID: 34450246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A genomic locus 8 kb downstream of the transcription factor GFI1B (Growth Factor Independence 1B) predisposes to clonal hematopoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasms. One of the most significantly associated polymorphisms in this region is rs621940-G. GFI1B auto-represses GFI1B, and altered GFI1B expression contributes to myeloid neoplasms. We studied whether rs621940-G affects GFI1B expression and growth of immature cells. GFI1B ChIP-seq showed clear binding to the rs621940 locus. Preferential binding of various hematopoietic transcription factors to either the rs621940-C or -G allele was observed, but GFI1B showed no preference. In gene reporter assays the rs621940 region inhibited GFI1B promoter activity with the G-allele having less suppressive effects compared to the C-allele. However, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of the locus in K562 cells did not alter GFI1B expression nor auto-repression. In healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells GFI1B expression did not differ consistently between the rs621940 alleles. Long range and targeted deep sequencing did not detect consistent effects of rs621940-G on allelic GFI1B expression either. Finally, we observed that myeloid colony formation was not significantly affected by either rs621940 allele in 193 healthy donors. Together, these findings show no evidence that rs621940 or its locus affect GFI1B expression, auto-repression or growth of immature myeloid cells.
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The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B as modulators of the innate and acquired immune response. Adv Immunol 2021; 149:35-94. [PMID: 33993920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 and GFI1B are small nuclear proteins of 45 and 37kDa, respectively, that have a simple two-domain structure: The first consists of a group of six c-terminal C2H2 zinc finger motifs that are almost identical in sequence and bind to very similar, specific DNA sites. The second is an N-terminal 20 amino acid SNAG domain that can bind to the pocket of the histone demethylase KDM1A (LSD1) near its active site. When bound to DNA, both proteins act as bridging factors that bring LSD1 and associated proteins into the vicinity of methylated substrates, in particular histone H3 or TP53. GFI1 can also bring methyl transferases such as PRMT1 together with its substrates that include the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and 53BP1, thereby enabling their methylation and activation. While GFI1B is expressed almost exclusively in the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage, GFI1 has clear biological roles in the development and differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells. GFI1 is required for lymphoid/myeloid and monocyte/granulocyte lineage decision as well as the correct nuclear interpretation of a number of important immune-signaling pathways that are initiated by NOTCH1, interleukins such as IL2, IL4, IL5 or IL7, by the pre TCR or -BCR receptors during early lymphoid differentiation or by T and B cell receptors during activation of lymphoid cells. Myeloid cells also depend on GFI1 at both stages of early differentiation as well as later stages in the process of activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The knowledge gathered on these factors over the last decades puts GFI1 and GFI1B at the center of many biological processes that are critical for both the innate and acquired immune system.
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Wang H, He J, Xu C, Chen X, Yang H, Shi S, Liu C, Zeng Y, Wu D, Bai Z, Wang M, Wen Y, Su P, Xia M, Huang B, Ma C, Bian L, Lan Y, Cheng T, Shi L, Liu B, Zhou J. Decoding Human Megakaryocyte Development. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:535-549.e8. [PMID: 33340451 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite our growing understanding of embryonic immune development, rare early megakaryocytes (MKs) remain relatively understudied. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing of human MKs from embryonic yolk sac (YS) and fetal liver (FL) to characterize the transcriptome, cellular heterogeneity, and developmental trajectories of early megakaryopoiesis. In the YS and FL, we found heterogeneous MK subpopulations with distinct developmental routes and patterns of gene expression that could reflect early functional specialization. Intriguingly, we identified a subpopulation of CD42b+CD14+ MKs in vivo that exhibit high expression of genes associated with immune responses and can also be derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. Furthermore, we identified THBS1 as an early marker for MK-biased embryonic endothelial cells. Overall, we provide important insights and invaluable resources for dissection of the molecular and cellular programs underlying early human megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Baiming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lihong Bian
- Department of Gynecology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China.
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Regulating the Regulators: The Role of Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228460. [PMID: 33187090 PMCID: PMC7696854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. Class I deacetylase HDAC1/2 often associates with repressor complexes, such as Sin3 (Switch Independent 3), NuRD (Nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) and CoREST (Corepressor of RE1 silencing transcription factor) complexes. It has been shown that HDAC1 interacts with and modulates all essential transcription factors for erythropoiesis. During erythropoiesis, histone deacetylase activity is dramatically reduced. Consistently, inhibition of HDAC activity promotes erythroid differentiation. The reduction of HDAC activity not only results in the activation of transcription activators such as GATA-1 (GATA-binding factor 1), TAL1 (TAL BHLH Transcription Factor 1) and KLF1 (Krüpple-like factor 1), but also represses transcription repressors such as PU.1 (Putative oncogene Spi-1). The reduction of histone deacetylase activity is mainly through HDAC1 acetylation that attenuates HDAC1 activity and trans-repress HDAC2 activity through dimerization with HDAC1. Therefore, the acetylation of HDAC1 can convert the corepressor complex to an activator complex for gene activation. HDAC1 also can deacetylate non-histone proteins that play a role on erythropoiesis, therefore adds another layer of gene regulation through HDAC1. Clinically, it has been shown HDACi can reactivate fetal globin in adult erythroid cells. This review will cover the up to date research on the role of HDAC1 in modulating key transcription factors for erythropoiesis and its clinical relevance.
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Beauchemin H, Möröy T. Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Front Genet 2020; 11:591099. [PMID: 33193732 PMCID: PMC7649360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) and the closely related protein GFI1B are small nuclear proteins that act as DNA binding transcriptional repressors. Both recognize the same consensus DNA binding motif via their C-terminal zinc finger domains and regulate the expression of their target genes by recruiting chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and demethylases (LSD1) by using an N-terminal SNAG domain that comprises only 20 amino acids. The only region that is different between both proteins is the region that separates the zinc finger domains and the SNAG domain. Both proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to some extent, in multipotent progenitors (MPPs), but expression is specified as soon as early progenitors and show signs of lineage bias. While expression of GFI1 is maintained in lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) that have the potential to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells, GFI1B expression is no longer detectable in these cells. By contrast, GFI1 expression is lost in megakaryocyte precursors (MKPs) and in megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), which maintain a high level of GFI1B expression. Consequently, GFI1 drives myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and GFI1B drives the development of megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. How such complementary cell type- and lineage-specific functions of GFI1 and GFI1B are maintained is still an unresolved question in particular since they share an almost identical structure and very similar biochemical modes of actions. The cell type-specific accessibility of GFI1/1B binding sites may explain the fact that very similar transcription factors can be responsible for very different transcriptional programming. An additional explanation comes from recent data showing that both proteins may have additional non-transcriptional functions. GFI1 interacts with a number of proteins involved in DNA repair and lack of GFI1 renders HSCs highly susceptible to DNA damage-induced death and restricts their proliferation. In contrast, GFI1B binds to proteins of the beta-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway and lack of GFI1B leads to an expansion of HSCs and MKPs, illustrating the different impact that GFI1 or GFI1B has on HSCs. In addition, GFI1 and GFI1B are required for endothelial cells to become the first blood cells during early murine development and are among those transcription factors needed to convert adult endothelial cells or fibroblasts into HSCs. This role of GFI1 and GFI1B bears high significance for the ongoing effort to generate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells de novo for the autologous treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Beauchemin H, Shooshtharizadeh P, Pinder J, Dellaire G, Möröy T. Dominant negative Gfi1b mutations cause moderate thrombocytopenia and an impaired stress thrombopoiesis associated with mild erythropoietic abnormalities in mice. Haematologica 2020; 105:2457-2470. [PMID: 33054086 PMCID: PMC7556681 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia (GFI1B-RT) is a rare bleeding disorder mainly caused by the presence of truncated GFI1B proteins with dominant-negative properties. The disease is characterized by low platelet counts, the presence of abnormal platelets, a megakaryocytic expansion and mild erythroid defects. However, no animal models faithfully reproducing the GFI1B-RT phenotype observed in patients exist. We had previously generated mice with floxed Gfi1b alleles that can be eliminated by Cre recombinase, but those animals developed a much more severe phenotype than GFI1B-RT patients and were of limited interest in assessing the disease. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have now established three independent mouse lines that carry mutated Gfi1b alleles producing proteins lacking DNA binding zinc fingers and thereby acting in a dominant negative (DN) manner. Mice heterozygous for these Gfi1b-DN alleles show reduced platelet counts and an expansion of megakaryocytes similar to features of human GFI1B-RT but lacking the distinctively large agranular platelets. In addition, Gfi1b-DN mice exhibit an expansion of erythroid precursors indicative of a mildly abnormal erythropoiesis but without noticeable red blood cell defects. When associated with megakaryocyte-specific ablation of the remaining allele, the Gfi1b-DN alleles triggered erythroid-specific deleterious defects. Gfi1b-DN mice also showed a delayed recovery from platelet depletion, indicating a defect in stress thrombopoiesis. However, injecting Gfi1b-DN mice with romiplostim, a thrombopoietin receptor super agonist, increased platelet numbers even beyond normal levels. Thus, our data support a causal link between DN mutations in GFI1B and thrombocytopenia and suggest that patients with GFI1B-RT could be treated successfully with thrombopoietin agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beauchemin
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, Quebec
| | | | - Jordan Pinder
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, Quebec
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Johnston G, Ramsey HE, Liu Q, Wang J, Stengel KR, Sampathi S, Acharya P, Arrate M, Stubbs MC, Burn T, Savona MR, Hiebert SW. Nascent transcript and single-cell RNA-seq analysis defines the mechanism of action of the LSD1 inhibitor INCB059872 in myeloid leukemia. Gene 2020; 752:144758. [PMID: 32422235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drugs targeting chromatin-modifying enzymes have entered clinical trials for myeloid malignancies, including INCB059872, a selective irreversible inhibitor of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1). While initial studies of LSD1 inhibitors suggested these compounds may be used to induce differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the mechanisms underlying this effect and dose-limiting toxicities are not well understood. Here, we used precision nuclear run-on sequencing (PRO-seq) and ChIP-seq in AML cell lines to probe for the earliest regulatory events associated with INCB059872 treatment. The changes in nascent transcription could be traced back to a loss of CoREST activity and activation of GFI1-regulated genes. INCB059872 is in phase I clinical trials, and we evaluated a pre-treatment bone marrow sample of a patient who showed a clinical response to INCB059872 while being treated with azacitidine. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to show that INCB059872 caused a shift in gene expression that was again associated with GFI1/GFI1B regulation. Finally, we treated mice with INCB059872 and performed scRNA-seq of lineage-negative bone marrow cells, which showed that INCB059872 triggered accumulation of megakaryocyte early progenitor cells with gene expression hallmarks of stem cells. Accumulation of these stem/progenitor cells may contribute to the thrombocytopenia observed in patients treated with LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Haley E Ramsey
- Department of Medicine and Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristy R Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shilpa Sampathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pankaj Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria Arrate
- Department of Medicine and Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | | | | | - Michael R Savona
- Department of Medicine and Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37027, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37027, USA.
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10
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Li JL, Zarbock A, Hidalgo A. Platelets as autonomous drones for hemostatic and immune surveillance. J Exp Med 2020; 214:2193-2204. [PMID: 28720569 PMCID: PMC5551582 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets participate in many important physiological processes, including hemostasis and immunity. However, despite their broad participation in these evolutionarily critical roles, the anucleate platelet is uniquely mammalian. In contrast with the large nucleated equivalents in lower vertebrates, we find that the design template for the evolutionary specialization of platelets shares remarkable similarities with human-engineered unmanned aerial vehicles in terms of overall autonomy, maneuverability, and expendability. Here, we review evidence illustrating how platelets are uniquely suited for surveillance and the manner in which they consequently provide various types of support to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson LiangYao Li
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
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11
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microRNA-22 promotes megakaryocyte differentiation through repression of its target, GFI1. Blood Adv 2020; 3:33-46. [PMID: 30617215 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of microRNA expression contributes to development and the establishment of tissue identity, including in proper hematopoietic commitment and differentiation, whereas aberrant expression of various microRNAs has been implicated in malignant transformation. A small number of microRNAs are upregulated in megakaryocytes, among them is microRNA-22 (miR-22). Dysregulation of miR-22 leads to various hematologic malignancies and disorders, but its role in hematopoiesis is not yet well established. Here we show that upregulation of miR-22 is a critical step in megakaryocyte differentiation. Megakaryocytic differentiation in cell lines is promoted upon overexpression of miR-22, whereas differentiation is disrupted in CRISPR/Cas9-generated miR-22 knockout cell lines, confirming that miR-22 is an essential mediator of this process. RNA-sequencing reveals that miR-22 loss results in downregulation of megakaryocyte-associated genes. Mechanistically, we identify the repressive transcription factor, GFI1, as the direct target of miR-22, and upregulation of GFI1 in the absence of miR-22 inhibits megakaryocyte differentiation. Knocking down aberrant GFI1 expression restores megakaryocytic differentiation in miR-22 knockout cells. Furthermore, we have characterized hematopoiesis in miR-22 knockout animals and confirmed that megakaryocyte differentiation is similarly impaired in vivo and upon ex vivo megakaryocyte differentiation. Consistently, repression of Gfi1 is incomplete in the megakaryocyte lineage in miR-22 knockout mice and Gfi1 is aberrantly expressed upon forced megakaryocyte differentiation in explanted bone marrow from miR-22 knockout animals. This study identifies a positive role for miR-22 in hematopoiesis, specifically in promoting megakaryocyte differentiation through repression of GFI1, a target antagonistic to this process.
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12
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Cheng AN, Bao EL, Fiorini C, Sankaran VG. Macrothrombocytopenia associated with a rare GFI1B missense variant confounding the presentation of immune thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27874. [PMID: 31207059 PMCID: PMC6646087 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor-independent 1B (GFI1B) variants are a rare cause of thrombocytopenia. We report on a male child who was initially diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. However, subtle clinical signs led to suspicion of a genetic cause of thrombocytopenia. Gene panel sequencing revealed a rare variant in GFI1B (C168F), which has recently been reported in several families with thrombocytopenia. We demonstrate that this variant significantly alters platelet parameters in population studies. This case highlights how diagnoses of exclusion, such as immune thrombocytopenia, can be confounded by genetic variation. Our understanding of blood disorders will undoubtedly evolve from an increased knowledge of human genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N. Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik L. Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Fiorini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay G. Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Möröy T, Khandanpour C. Role of GFI1 in Epigenetic Regulation of MDS and AML Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:824. [PMID: 31508375 PMCID: PMC6718700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a DNA binding zinc finger protein, which can mediate transcriptional repression mainly by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to its target genes. GFI1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis, in particular by regulating both the function of hematopoietic stem- and precursor cells and differentiation along myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In recent years, a number of publications have provided evidence that GFI1 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its proposed precursor, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and possibly also in the progression from MDS to AML. For instance, expression levels of the GFI1 gene correlate with patient survival and treatment response in both AML and MDS and can influence disease progression and maintenance in experimental animal models. Also, a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GFI1, GFI1-36N, which encodes a variant GFI1 protein with a decreased efficiency to act as a transcriptional repressor, was found to be a prognostic factor for the development of AML and MDS. Both the GFI1-36N variant as well as reduced expression of the GFI1 gene lead to genome-wide epigenetic changes at sites where GFI1 occupies target gene promoters and enhancers. These epigenetic changes alter the response of leukemic cells to epigenetic drugs such as HDAC- or HAT inhibitors, indicating that GFI1 expression levels and genetic variants of GFI1 are of clinical relevance. Based on these and other findings, specific therapeutic approaches have been proposed to treat AML by targeting some of the epigenetic changes that occur as a consequence of GFI1 expression. Here, we will review the well-known role of Gfi1 as a transcription factor and describe the more recently discovered functions of GFI1 that are independent of DNA binding and how these might affect disease progression and the choice of epigenetic drugs for therapeutic regimens of AML and MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Möröy
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Cancer, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Syndromic immune disorder caused by a viable hypomorphic allele of spliceosome component Snrnp40. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1322-1334. [PMID: 31427773 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new immunodeficiency disorder in mice caused by a viable hypomorphic mutation of Snrnp40, an essential gene encoding a subunit of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex of the spliceosome. Snrnp40 is ubiquitous but strongly expressed in lymphoid tissue. Homozygous mutant mice showed hypersusceptibility to infection by murine cytomegalovirus and multiple defects of lymphoid development, stability and function. Cell-intrinsic defects of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation also affected homozygous mutants. SNRNP40 deficiency in primary hematopoietic stem cells or T cells or the EL4 cell line increased the frequency of splicing errors, mostly intron retention, in several hundred messenger RNAs. Altered expression of proteins associated with immune cell function was also observed in Snrnp40-mutant cells. The immunological consequences of SNRNP40 deficiency presumably result from cumulative, moderate effects on processing of many different mRNA molecules and secondary reductions in the expression of critical immune proteins, yielding a syndromic immune disorder.
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15
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Almazni I, Stapley R, Morgan NV. Inherited Thrombocytopenia: Update on Genes and Genetic Variants Which may be Associated With Bleeding. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:80. [PMID: 31275945 PMCID: PMC6593073 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) is comprised of a group of hereditary disorders characterized by a reduced platelet count as the main feature, and often with abnormal platelet function, which can subsequently lead to impaired haemostasis. Inherited thrombocytopenia results from genetic mutations in genes implicated in megakaryocyte differentiation and/or platelet formation and clearance. The identification of the underlying causative gene of IT is challenging given the high degree of heterogeneity, but important due to the presence of various clinical presentations and prognosis, where some defects can lead to hematological malignancies. Traditional platelet function tests, clinical manifestations, and hematological parameters allow for an initial diagnosis. However, employing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), such as Whole Genome and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) can be an efficient method for discovering causal genetic variants in both known and novel genes not previously implicated in IT. To date, 40 genes and their mutations have been implicated to cause many different forms of inherited thrombocytopenia. Nevertheless, despite this advancement in the diagnosis of IT, the molecular mechanism underlying IT in some patients remains unexplained. In this review, we will discuss the genetics of thrombocytopenia summarizing the recent advancement in investigation and diagnosis of IT using phenotypic approaches, high-throughput sequencing, targeted gene panels, and bioinformatics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Almazni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Stapley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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16
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van Oorschot R, Hansen M, Koornneef JM, Marneth AE, Bergevoet SM, van Bergen MGJM, van Alphen FPJ, van der Zwaan C, Martens JHA, Vermeulen M, Jansen PWTC, Baltissen MPA, Gorkom BAPLV, Janssen H, Jansen JH, von Lindern M, Meijer AB, van den Akker E, van der Reijden BA. Molecular mechanisms of bleeding disorderassociated GFI1B Q287* mutation and its affected pathways in megakaryocytes and platelets. Haematologica 2019; 104:1460-1472. [PMID: 30655368 PMCID: PMC6601108 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.194555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant-negative mutations in the transcription factor Growth Factor Independence-1B (GFI1B), such as GFI1BQ287*, cause a bleeding disorder characterized by a plethora of megakaryocyte and platelet abnormalities. The deregulated molecular mechanisms and pathways are unknown. Here we show that both normal and Q287* mutant GFI1B interacted most strongly with the lysine specific demethylase-1 – REST corepressor - histone deacetylase (LSD1-RCOR-HDAC) complex in megakaryoblasts. Sequestration of this complex by GFI1BQ287* and chemical separation of GFI1B from LSD1 induced abnormalities in normal megakaryocytes comparable to those seen in patients. Megakaryocytes derived from GFI1BQ287*-induced pluripotent stem cells also phenocopied abnormalities seen in patients. Proteome studies on normal and mutant-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocytes identified a multitude of deregulated pathways downstream of GFI1BQ287* including cell division and interferon signaling. Proteome studies on platelets from GFI1BQ287* patients showed reduced expression of proteins implicated in platelet function, and elevated expression of proteins normally downregulated during megakaryocyte differentiation. Thus, GFI1B and LSD1 regulate a broad developmental program during megakaryopoiesis, and GFI1BQ287* deregulates this program through LSD1-RCOR-HDAC sequestering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinske van Oorschot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Marten Hansen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam
| | | | - Anna E Marneth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Saskia M Bergevoet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Maaike G J M van Bergen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | | | | | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Pascal W T C Jansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Marijke P A Baltissen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | | | - Hans Janssen
- Department of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam
| | | | - Emile van den Akker
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam
| | - Bert A van der Reijden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen
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17
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Reiner AP, Johnson AD. Platelet Genomics. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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O'Leary CE, Schneider C, Locksley RM. Tuft Cells-Systemically Dispersed Sensory Epithelia Integrating Immune and Neural Circuitry. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 37:47-72. [PMID: 30379593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells-rare solitary chemosensory cells in mucosal epithelia-are undergoing intense scientific scrutiny fueled by recent discovery of unsuspected connections to type 2 immunity. These cells constitute a conduit by which ligands from the external space are sensed via taste-like signaling pathways to generate outputs unique among epithelial cells: the cytokine IL-25, eicosanoids associated with allergic immunity, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The classic type II taste cell transcription factor POU2F3 is lineage defining, suggesting a conceptualization of these cells as widely distributed environmental sensors with effector functions interfacing type 2 immunity and neural circuits. Increasingly refined single-cell analytics have revealed diversity among tuft cells that extends from nasal epithelia and type II taste cells to ex-Aire-expressing medullary thymic cells and small-intestine cells that mediate tissue remodeling in response to colonizing helminths and protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , ,
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , ,
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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19
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Moore C, Richens JL, Hough Y, Ucanok D, Malla S, Sang F, Chen Y, Elworthy S, Wilkinson RN, Gering M. Gfi1aa and Gfi1b set the pace for primitive erythroblast differentiation from hemangioblasts in the zebrafish embryo. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2589-2606. [PMID: 30309860 PMCID: PMC6199651 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressors Gfi1(a) and Gfi1b are epigenetic regulators with unique and overlapping roles in hematopoiesis. In different contexts, Gfi1 and Gfi1b restrict or promote cell proliferation, prevent apoptosis, influence cell fate decisions, and are essential for terminal differentiation. Here, we show in primitive red blood cells (prRBCs) that they can also set the pace for cellular differentiation. In zebrafish, prRBCs express 2 of 3 zebrafish Gfi1/1b paralogs, Gfi1aa and Gfi1b. The recently identified zebrafish gfi1aa gene trap allele qmc551 drives erythroid green fluorescent protein (GFP) instead of Gfi1aa expression, yet homozygous carriers have normal prRBCs. prRBCs display a maturation defect only after splice morpholino-mediated knockdown of Gfi1b in gfi1aa qmc551 homozygous embryos. To study the transcriptome of the Gfi1aa/1b double-depleted cells, we performed an RNA-Seq experiment on GFP-positive prRBCs sorted from 20-hour-old embryos that were heterozygous or homozygous for gfi1aa qmc551 , as well as wt or morphant for gfi1b We subsequently confirmed and extended these data in whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments on newly generated single- and double-mutant embryos. Combined, the data showed that in the absence of Gfi1aa, the synchronously developing prRBCs were delayed in activating late erythroid differentiation, as they struggled to suppress early erythroid and endothelial transcription programs. The latter highlighted the bipotent nature of the progenitors from which prRBCs arise. In the absence of Gfi1aa, Gfi1b promoted erythroid differentiation as stepwise loss of wt gfi1b copies progressively delayed Gfi1aa-depleted prRBCs even further, showing that Gfi1aa and Gfi1b together set the pace for prRBC differentiation from hemangioblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sunir Malla
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Sang
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stone Elworthy
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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EVI1 overexpression reprograms hematopoiesis via upregulation of Spi1 transcription. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4239. [PMID: 30315161 PMCID: PMC6185954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inv(3q26) and t(3:3)(q21;q26) are specific to poor-prognosis myeloid malignancies, and result in marked overexpression of EVI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor and myeloid-specific oncoprotein. Despite extensive study, the mechanism by which EVI1 contributes to myeloid malignancy remains unclear. Here we describe a new mouse model that mimics the transcriptional effects of 3q26 rearrangement. We show that EVI1 overexpression causes global distortion of hematopoiesis, with suppression of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and marked premalignant expansion of myelopoiesis that eventually results in leukemic transformation. We show that myeloid skewing is dependent on DNA binding by EVI1, which upregulates Spi1, encoding master myeloid regulator PU.1. We show that EVI1 binds to the -14 kb upstream regulatory element (-14kbURE) at Spi1; knockdown of Spi1 dampens the myeloid skewing. Furthermore, deletion of the -14kbURE at Spi1 abrogates the effects of EVI1 on hematopoietic stem cells. These findings support a novel mechanism of leukemogenesis through EVI1 overexpression.
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21
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LSD1 Inhibition Prolongs Survival in Mouse Models of MPN by Selectively Targeting the Disease Clone. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e54. [PMID: 31723778 PMCID: PMC6745991 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Despite recent advances, the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are attended by considerable morbidity and mortality. Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors such as ruxolitinib manage symptoms but do not substantially change the natural history of the disease. In this report, we show the effects of IMG-7289, an irreversible inhibitor of the epigenetically active lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in mouse models of MPN. Once-daily treatment with IMG-7289 normalized or improved blood cell counts, reduced spleen volumes, restored normal splenic architecture, and reduced bone marrow fibrosis. Most importantly, LSD1 inhibition lowered mutant allele burden and improved survival. IMG-7289 selectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of JAK2V617F cells by concomitantly increasing expression and methylation of p53, and, independently, the pro-apoptotic factor PUMA and by decreasing the levels of its antiapoptotic antagonist BCLXL. These data provide a molecular understanding of the disease-modifying activity of the LSD1 inhibitor IMG-7289 that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in patients with high-risk myelofibrosis. Moreover, low doses of IMG-7289 and ruxolitinib synergize in normalizing the MPN phenotype in mice, offering a rationale for investigating combination therapy.
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22
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Thivakaran A, Botezatu L, Hönes JM, Schütte J, Vassen L, Al-Matary YS, Patnana P, Zeller A, Heuser M, Thol F, Gabdoulline R, Olberding N, Frank D, Suslo M, Köster R, Lennartz K, Görgens A, Giebel B, Opalka B, Dührsen U, Khandanpour C. Gfi1b: a key player in the genesis and maintenance of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Haematologica 2018; 103:614-625. [PMID: 29326122 PMCID: PMC5865438 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells is regulated by a concert of different transcription factors. Disturbed transcription factor function can be the basis of (pre)malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Growth factor independence 1b (Gfi1b) is a repressing transcription factor regulating quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation of erythrocytes and platelets. Here, we show that low expression of Gfi1b in blast cells is associated with an inferior prognosis of MDS and AML patients. Using different models of human MDS or AML, we demonstrate that AML development was accelerated with heterozygous loss of Gfi1b, and latency was further decreased when Gfi1b was conditionally deleted. Loss of Gfi1b significantly increased the number of leukemic stem cells with upregulation of genes involved in leukemia development. On a molecular level, we found that loss of Gfi1b led to epigenetic changes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as alteration in the p38/Akt/FoXO pathways. These results demonstrate that Gfi1b functions as an oncosuppressor in MDS and AML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith M Hönes
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yahya S Al-Matary
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Patnana
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amos Zeller
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Haematology, Haemostaseology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Haematology, Haemostaseology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Hannover, Germany
| | - Razif Gabdoulline
- Department of Haematology, Haemostaseology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Olberding
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daria Frank
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Suslo
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Renata Köster
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Lennartz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andre Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Haematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany .,Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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23
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Rabbolini DJ, Morel-Kopp MC, Chen Q, Gabrielli S, Dunlop LC, Chew LP, Blair N, Brighton TA, Singh N, Ng AP, Ward CM, Stevenson WS. Thrombocytopenia and CD34 expression is decoupled from α-granule deficiency with mutation of the first growth factor-independent 1B zinc finger. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2245-2258. [PMID: 28880435 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The phenotypes of different growth factor-independent 1B (GFI1B) variants are not established. GFI1B variants produce heterogeneous clinical phenotypes dependent on the site of mutation. Mutation of the first non-DNA-binding zinc-finger causes a mild platelet and clinical phenotype. GFI1B regulates the CD34 promoter; platelet CD34 expression is an indicator of GFI1B mutation. SUMMARY Background Mutation of the growth factor-independent 1B (GFI1B) fifth DNA-binding zinc-finger domain causes macrothrombocytopenia and α-granule deficiency leading to clinical bleeding. The phenotypes associated with GFI1B variants disrupting non-DNA-binding zinc-fingers remain uncharacterized. Objectives To determine the functional and phenotypic consequences of GFI1B variants disrupting non-DNA-binding zinc-finger domains. Methods The GFI1B C168F variant and a novel GFI1B c.2520 + 1_2520 + 8delGTGGGCAC splice variant were identified in four unrelated families. Phenotypic features, DNA-binding properties and transcriptional effects were determined and compared with those in individuals with a GFI1B H294 fs mutation of the fifth DNA-binding zinc-finger. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived megakaryocytes were generated to facilitate disease modeling. Results The DNA-binding GFI1B variant C168F, which is predicted to disrupt the first non-DNA-binding zinc-finger domain, is associated with macrothrombocytopenia without α-granule deficiency or bleeding symptoms. A GFI1B splice variant, c.2520 + 1_2520 + 8delGTGGGCAC, which generates a short GFI1B isoform that lacks non-DNA-binding zinc-fingers 1 and 2, is associated with increased platelet CD34 expression only, without quantitative or morphologic platelet abnormalities. GFI1B represses the CD34 promoter, and this repression is attenuated by different GFI1B zinc-finger mutations, suggesting that deregulation of CD34 expression occurs at a direct transcriptional level. Patient-specific iPSC-derived megakaryocytes phenocopy these observations. Conclusions Disruption of GFI1B non-DNA-binding zinc-finger 1 is associated with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia without α-granule deficiency or bleeding symptomatology, indicating that the site of GFI1B mutation has important phenotypic implications. Platelet CD34 expression appears to be a common feature of perturbed GFI1B function, and may have diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Rabbolini
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M-C Morel-Kopp
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q Chen
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Gabrielli
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L C Dunlop
- Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - L P Chew
- Department of Haematology, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N Blair
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - T A Brighton
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Singh
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A P Ng
- Department of Cancer and Haematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C M Ward
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - W S Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Draper JE, Sroczynska P, Leong HS, Fadlullah MZH, Miller C, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. Mouse RUNX1C regulates premegakaryocytic/erythroid output and maintains survival of megakaryocyte progenitors. Blood 2017; 130:271-284. [PMID: 28490570 PMCID: PMC5833261 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-723635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is crucial for the regulation of megakaryocyte specification, maturation, and thrombopoiesis. Runx1 possesses 2 promoters: the distal P1 and proximal P2 promoters. The major protein isoforms generated by P1 and P2 are RUNX1C and RUNX1B, respectively, which differ solely in their N-terminal amino acid sequences. RUNX1C is the most abundantly expressed isoform in adult hematopoiesis, present in all RUNX1-expressing populations, including the cKit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. RUNX1B expression is more restricted, being highly expressed in the megakaryocyte lineage but downregulated during erythropoiesis. We generated a Runx1 P1 knock-in of RUNX1B, termed P1-MRIPV This mouse line lacks RUNX1C expression but has normal total RUNX1 levels, solely comprising RUNX1B. Using this mouse line, we establish a specific requirement for the P1-RUNX1C isoform in megakaryopoiesis, which cannot be entirely compensated for by RUNX1B overexpression. P1 knock-in megakaryocyte progenitors have reduced proliferative capacity and undergo increased cell death, resulting in thrombocytopenia. P1 knock-in premegakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors demonstrate an erythroid-specification bias, evident from increased erythroid colony-forming ability and decreased megakaryocyte output. At a transcriptional level, multiple erythroid-specific genes are upregulated and megakaryocyte-specific transcripts are downregulated. In addition, proapoptotic pathways are activated in P1 knock-in premegakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors, presumably accounting for the increased cell death in the megakaryocyte progenitor compartment. Unlike in the conditional adult Runx1 null models, megakaryocytic maturation is not affected in the P1 knock-in mice, suggesting that RUNX1B can regulate endomitosis and thrombopoiesis. Therefore, despite the high degree of structural similarity, RUNX1B and RUNX1C isoforms have distinct and specific roles in adult megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Draper
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Sroczynska
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center and
- Center for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Cancer Research UK Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and
| | - Muhammad Z H Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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25
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Léon C, Dupuis A, Gachet C, Lanza F. The contribution of mouse models to the understanding of constitutional thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2017; 101:896-908. [PMID: 27478199 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional thrombocytopenias result from platelet production abnormalities of hereditary origin. Long misdiagnosed and poorly studied, knowledge about these rare diseases has increased considerably over the last twenty years due to improved technology for the identification of mutations, as well as an improvement in obtaining megakaryocyte culture from patient hematopoietic stem cells. Simultaneously, the manipulation of mouse genes (transgenesis, total or conditional inactivation, introduction of point mutations, random chemical mutagenesis) have helped to generate disease models that have contributed greatly to deciphering patient clinical and laboratory features. Most of the thrombocytopenias for which the mutated genes have been identified now have a murine model counterpart. This review focuses on the contribution that these mouse models have brought to the understanding of hereditary thrombocytopenias with respect to what was known in humans. Animal models have either i) provided novel information on the molecular and cellular pathways that were missing from the patient studies; ii) improved our understanding of the mechanisms of thrombocytopoiesis; iii) been instrumental in structure-function studies of the mutated gene products; and iv) been an invaluable tool as preclinical models to test new drugs or develop gene therapies. At present, the genetic determinants of thrombocytopenia remain unknown in almost half of all cases. Currently available high-speed sequencing techniques will identify new candidate genes, which will in turn allow the generation of murine models to confirm and further study the abnormal phenotype. In a complementary manner, programs of random mutagenesis in mice should also identify new candidate genes involved in thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Léon
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - François Lanza
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
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26
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Schulze H, Schlagenhauf A, Manukjan G, Beham-Schmid C, Andres O, Klopocki E, König EM, Haidl H, Panzer S, Althaus K, Muntean WE, Schwinger W, Urban C, Greinacher A, Bakchoul T, Seidel MG. Recessive grey platelet-like syndrome with unaffected erythropoiesis in the absence of the splice isoform GFI1B-p37. Haematologica 2017; 102:e375-e378. [PMID: 28550182 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schulze
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schlagenhauf
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Andres
- University Children's Hospital, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Klopocki
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria König
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Haidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Panzer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Althaus
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Muntean
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schwinger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Urban
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus G Seidel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria.,Research Unit Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria
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27
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Uchiyama Y, Ogawa Y, Kunishima S, Shiina M, Nakashima M, Yanagisawa K, Yokohama A, Imagawa E, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Takata A, Miyake N, Ogata K, Handa H, Matsumoto N. A novel
GFI
1B
mutation at the first zinc finger domain causes congenital macrothrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2017; 181:843-847. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan
| | - Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis Clinical Research Centre National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre Nagoya Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine YokohamaJapan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kunio Yanagisawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service Gunma University Hospital Gunma Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine YokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
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28
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Anguita E, Candel FJ, Chaparro A, Roldán-Etcheverry JJ. Transcription Factor GFI1B in Health and Disease. Front Oncol 2017; 7:54. [PMID: 28401061 PMCID: PMC5368270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases arise through dysregulation of genes that control key cell fate pathways. Transcription factors (TFs) are major cell fate regulators frequently involved in cancer, particularly in leukemia. The GFI1B gene, coding a TF, was identified by sequence homology with the oncogene growth factor independence 1 (GFI1). Both GFI1 and GFI1B have six C-terminal C2H2 zinc fingers and an N-terminal SNAG (SNAIL/GFI1) transcriptional repression domain. Gfi1 is essential for neutrophil differentiation in mice. In humans, GFI1 mutations are associated with severe congenital neutropenia. Gfi1 is also required for B and T lymphopoiesis. However, knockout mice have demonstrated that Gfi1b is required for development of both erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. Consistent with this, human mutations of GFI1B produce bleeding disorders with low platelet count and abnormal function. Loss of Gfi1b in adult mice increases the absolute numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are less quiescent than wild-type HSCs. In keeping with this key role in cell fate, GFI1B is emerging as a gene involved in cancer, which also includes solid tumors. In fact, abnormal activation of GFI1B and GFI1 has been related to human medulloblastoma and is also likely to be relevant in blood malignancies. Several pieces of evidence supporting this statement will be detailed in this mini review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anguita
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Candel
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Chaparro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Roldán-Etcheverry
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Ferreira CR, Chen D, Abraham SM, Adams DR, Simon KL, Malicdan MC, Markello TC, Gunay-Aygun M, Gahl WA. Combined alpha-delta platelet storage pool deficiency is associated with mutations in GFI1B. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:288-294. [PMID: 28041820 PMCID: PMC5346474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Combined alpha-delta platelet storage pool deficiency is characterized by the absence or reduction in the number of both alpha granules and dense bodies. This disorder can have variable severity as well as a variable inheritance pattern. We describe two patients from unrelated families with combined alpha-delta storage pool deficiency due to mutations in GFI1B, a zinc finger protein known to act as a transcriptional repressor of various genes. We demonstrate that this disease is associated with either a heterozygous mutation (de novo or familial) abrogating the binding of the zinc fingers with the promoter of its target genes, or by hypomorphic biallelic mutations in GFI1B leading to autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Dong Chen
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shirley M Abraham
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - David R Adams
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karen L Simon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - May C Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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Beauchemin H, Shooshtarizadeh P, Vadnais C, Vassen L, Pastore YD, Möröy T. Gfi1b controls integrin signaling-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics and organization in megakaryocytes. Haematologica 2017; 102:484-497. [PMID: 28082345 PMCID: PMC5394960 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GFI1B are associated with inherited bleeding disorders called GFI1B-related thrombocytopenias. We show here that mice with a megakaryocyte-specific Gfi1b deletion exhibit a macrothrombocytopenic phenotype along a megakaryocytic dysplasia reminiscent of GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia. GFI1B deficiency increases megakaryocyte proliferation and affects their ploidy, but also abrogates their responsiveness towards integrin signaling and their ability to spread and reorganize their cytoskeleton. Gfi1b-null megakaryocytes are also unable to form proplatelets, a process independent of integrin signaling. GFI1B-deficient megakaryocytes exhibit aberrant expression of several components of both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, with a dramatic reduction of α-tubulin. Inhibition of FAK or ROCK, both important for actin cytoskeleton organization and integrin signaling, only partially restored their response to integrin ligands, but the inhibition of PAK, a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, completely rescued the responsiveness of Gfi1b-null megakaryocytes to ligands, but not their ability to form proplatelets. We conclude that Gfi1b controls major functions of megakaryocytes such as integrin-dependent cytoskeleton organization, spreading and migration through the regulation of PAK activity whereas the proplatelet formation defect in GFI1B-deficient megakaryocytes is due, at least partially, to an insufficient α-tubulin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada
| | - Yves D Pastore
- Département de Pédiatrie, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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31
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Singh D, Upadhyay G, Sengupta A, Biplob MA, Chakyayil S, George T, Saleque S. Cooperative Stimulation of Megakaryocytic Differentiation by Gfi1b Gene Targets Kindlin3 and Talin1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164506. [PMID: 27768697 PMCID: PMC5074496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes from progenitors is crucial for realizing the biology and functions of these vital cells. Previous gene ablation studies demonstrated the essential role of the transcriptional repressor Gfi1b (growth factor independence 1b) in the generation of both erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. However, our recent work has demonstrated the down-regulation of this factor during megakaryocytic differentiation. In this study we identify two new gene targets of Gfi1b, the cytoskeletal proteins Kindlin3 and Talin1, and demonstrate the inverse expression and functions of these cytoskeletal targets relative to Gfi1b, during megakaryocytic differentiation. Both kindlin3 and talin1 promoters exhibit dose dependent Gfi1b and LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1; a Gfi1b cofactor) enrichment in megakaryocytes and repression in non-hematopoietic cells. Accordingly the expression of these genes is elevated in gfi1b mutant and LSD1 inhibited hematopoietic cells, while during megakaryocytic differentiation, declining Gfi1b levels fostered the reciprocal upregulation of these cytoskeletal factors. Concordantly, manipulation of Kindlin3 and Talin1 expression demonstrated positive correlation with megakaryocytic differentiation with over-expression stimulating, and inhibition diminishing, this process. Co-operativity between these factors and integrins in promoting differentiation was further underscored by physical interactions between them and integrinβ3/CD61 and by stimulation of differentiation by the Talin1 head domain, which is necessary and sufficient for integrin activation. Therefore this study demonstrates the significance of Gfi1b regulated Kindlin3-Talin1 expression in driving megakaryocytic differentiation and highlights the contribution of cytoskeletal agents in the developmental progression of these platelet progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Ananya Sengupta
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Biplob
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Shaleen Chakyayil
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Tiji George
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Shireen Saleque
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Polfus L, Khajuria R, Schick U, Pankratz N, Pazoki R, Brody J, Chen MH, Auer P, Floyd J, Huang J, Lange L, van Rooij F, Gibbs R, Metcalf G, Muzny D, Veeraraghavan N, Walter K, Chen L, Yanek L, Becker L, Peloso G, Wakabayashi A, Kals M, Metspalu A, Esko T, Fox K, Wallace R, Franceschini N, Matijevic N, Rice K, Bartz T, Lyytikäinen LP, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Li-Gao R, Mook-Kanamori D, Lettre G, van Duijn C, Franco O, Rich S, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Wilson J, Psaty B, Soranzo N, Dehghan A, Boerwinkle E, Zhang X, Johnson A, O’Donnell C, Johnsen J, Reiner A, Ganesh S, Sankaran V. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Loci Associated with Blood Cell Traits and Reveals a Role for Alternative GFI1B Splice Variants in Human Hematopoiesis. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:481-8. [PMID: 27486782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating blood cell counts and indices are important indicators of hematopoietic function and a number of clinical parameters, such as blood oxygen-carrying capacity, inflammation, and hemostasis. By performing whole-exome sequence association analyses of hematologic quantitative traits in 15,459 community-dwelling individuals, followed by in silico replication in up to 52,024 independent samples, we identified two previously undescribed coding variants associated with lower platelet count: a common missense variant in CPS1 (rs1047891, MAF = 0.33, discovery + replication p = 6.38 × 10(-10)) and a rare synonymous variant in GFI1B (rs150813342, MAF = 0.009, discovery + replication p = 1.79 × 10(-27)). By performing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in hematopoietic cell lines and follow-up targeted knockdown experiments in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, we demonstrate an alternative splicing mechanism by which the GFI1B rs150813342 variant suppresses formation of a GFI1B isoform that preferentially promotes megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production. These results demonstrate how unbiased studies of natural variation in blood cell traits can provide insight into the regulation of human hematopoiesis.
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CBFβ-SMMHC creates aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors prone to leukemia initiation in mice. Blood 2016; 128:1503-15. [PMID: 27443289 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-693119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises through multistep clonal evolution characterized by stepwise accumulation of successive alterations affecting the homeostasis of differentiation, proliferation, self-renewal, and survival programs. The persistence and dynamic clonal evolution of leukemia-initiating cells and preleukemic stem cells during disease progression and treatment are thought to contribute to disease relapse and poor outcome. Inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in AML, leads to expression of a fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC (CM) known to disrupt myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Anemia is often observed in AML but is presumed to be a secondary consequence of leukemic clonal expansion. Here, we show that CM expression induces marked deficiencies in erythroid lineage differentiation and early preleukemic expansion of a phenotypic pre-megakaryocyte/erythrocyte (Pre-Meg/E) progenitor population. Using dual-fluorescence reporter mice in lineage tracking and repopulation assays, we show that CM expression cell autonomously causes expansion of abnormal Pre-Meg/E progenitors with compromised erythroid specification and differentiation capacity. The preleukemic Pre-Meg/Es display dysregulated erythroid and megakaryocytic fate-determining factors including increased Spi-1, Gata2, and Gfi1b and reduced Zfpm1, Pf4, Vwf, and Mpl expression. Furthermore, these abnormal preleukemic Pre-Meg/Es have enhanced stress resistance and are prone to leukemia initiation upon acquiring cooperative signals. This study reveals that the leukemogenic CM fusion protein disrupts adult erythropoiesis and creates stress-resistant preleukemic Pre-Meg/E progenitors predisposed to malignant transformation. Abnormality in Meg/E or erythroid progenitors could potentially be considered an early predictive risk factor for leukemia evolution.
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Nurden AT, Nurden P. Should any genetic defect affecting α-granules in platelets be classified as gray platelet syndrome? Am J Hematol 2016; 91:714-8. [PMID: 26971401 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is much current interest in the role of the platelet storage pool of α-granule proteins both in hemostasis and non-hemostatic events. As well as in the arrest of bleeding, the secreted proteins participate in wound healing, inflammation, and innate immunity while in pathology they may be actors in arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis as well as cancer and metastasis. For a long time, gray platelet syndrome (GPS) has been regarded as the classic inherited platelet disorder caused by an absence of α-granules and their contents. While NBEAL2 is the major source of mutations in GPS, other gene variants may give rise to significant α-granule deficiencies in platelets. These include GATA1, VPS33B, or VIPAS39 in the arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome and now GFI1B. Nevertheless, many phenotypic differences are associated with mutations in these genes. This critical review was aimed to assess genotype/phenotype variability in disorders of platelet α-granule biogenesis and to urge caution in grouping all genetic defects of α-granules as GPS. Am. J. Hematol. 91:714-718, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
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35
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Kitamura K, Okuno Y, Yoshida K, Sanada M, Shiraishi Y, Muramatsu H, Kobayashi R, Furukawa K, Miyano S, Kojima S, Ogawa S, Kunishima S. Functional characterization of a novel GFI1B mutation causing congenital macrothrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1462-9. [PMID: 27122003 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Two groups recently reported GFI1B as a novel causative gene for congenital macrothrombocytopenia. We performed functional analysis of a novel GFI1B mutation and previous mutations. An immunofluorescence analysis of the platelet CD34 expression can be useful as a screening test. Mutant-transduced megakaryocytes produced enlarged proplatelet tips which were reduced in number. SUMMARY Background GFI1B is an essential transcription factor for megakaryocyte and erythrocyte development. Two groups have recently identified GFI1B as a novel causative gene for congenital macrothrombocytopenia associated with α-granule deficiency. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing and identified a novel GFI1B p.G272fsX274 mutation in a family with macrothrombocytopenia, and a decreased number of platelet α-granules and abnormally shaped red blood cells. p.G272fsX274 and the previous two mutations all predicted disruption of an essential DNA-binding domain in GFI1B. We therefore performed functional studies to characterize the biochemical and biological effects of these three patient-derived mutations. Results An immunofluorescence analysis revealed decreased thrombospondin-1 and increased CD34 expression in platelets from our patient. Consistent with the previous studies, the three patient-derived mutants were unable to repress the expression of the reporter gene and had a dominant-negative effect over wild-type GFI1B. In addition, the three mutations abolished recognition of a consensus-binding site in gel shift assays. Furthermore, transduction of mouse fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes with the three GFI1B mutants resulted in the production of abnormally large proplatelet tips, which were reduced in number. Conclusions Our study provides further proof of concept that GFI1B is an essential protein for the normal development of the megakaryocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitamura
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Sanada
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Kobayashi
- Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - S Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Sequence Data Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Kunishima
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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36
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Johnson B, Fletcher SJ, Morgan NV. Inherited thrombocytopenia: novel insights into megakaryocyte maturation, proplatelet formation and platelet lifespan. Platelets 2016; 27:519-25. [PMID: 27025194 PMCID: PMC5000870 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1148806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study of patients with inherited bleeding problems is a powerful approach in determining the function and regulation of important proteins in human platelets and their precursor, the megakaryocyte. The normal range of platelet counts in the bloodstream ranges from 150 000 to 400 000 platelets per microliter and is normally maintained within a narrow range for each individual. This requires a constant balance between thrombopoiesis, which is primarily controlled by the cytokine thrombopoietin (TPO), and platelet senescence and consumption. Thrombocytopenia can be defined as a platelet count of less than 150 000 per microliter and can be acquired or inherited. Heritable forms of thrombocytopenia are caused by mutations in genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation, platelet production and platelet removal. In this review, we will discuss the main causative genes known for inherited thrombocytopenia and highlight their diverse functions and whether these give clues on the processes of platelet production, platelet function and platelet lifespan. Additionally, we will highlight the recent advances in novel genes identified for inherited thrombocytopenia and their suggested function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Johnson
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
| | - Sarah J Fletcher
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
| | - Neil V Morgan
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
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37
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Andricovich J, Kai Y, Peng W, Foudi A, Tzatsos A. Histone demethylase KDM2B regulates lineage commitment in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:905-20. [PMID: 26808549 DOI: 10.1172/jci84014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the hematopoietic system is a dynamic process that is controlled by the interplay between transcriptional and epigenetic networks to determine cellular identity. These networks are critical for lineage specification and are frequently dysregulated in leukemias. Here, we identified histone demethylase KDM2B as a critical regulator of definitive hematopoiesis and lineage commitment of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). RNA sequencing of Kdm2b-null HSPCs and genome-wide ChIP studies in human leukemias revealed that KDM2B cooperates with polycomb and trithorax complexes to regulate differentiation, lineage choice, cytokine signaling, and cell cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KDM2B exhibits a dichotomous role in hematopoietic malignancies. Specifically, we determined that KDM2B maintains lymphoid leukemias, but restrains RAS-driven myeloid transformation. Our study reveals that KDM2B is an important mediator of hematopoietic cell development and has opposing roles in tumor progression that are dependent on cellular context.
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38
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Papayannopoulou T, Kaushansky K. Evolving insights into the synergy between erythropoietin and thrombopoietin and the bipotent erythroid/megakaryocytic progenitor cell. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:664-8. [PMID: 26773569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the synergy between erythropoietin and thrombopoietin has previously been pointed out, the clonal demonstration of a human bipotent erythroid/megakaryocytic progenitor (MEP) was first published in Experimental Hematology (Papayannopoulou T, Brice M, Farrer D, Kaushansky K. Exp Hematol. 1996;24:660-669) and later in the same year in Blood (Debili N, Coulombel L, Croisille L, et al. Blood. 1996;88:1284-1296). This demonstration, and the fact that both bipotent and monopotent erythroid or megakaryocytic progenitors co-express markers of both lineages and respond to both lineage-specific transcription factors, has provided a background for the extensive use of MEP assessment by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in many subsequent studies. Beyond this, the demonstration of shared regulatory elements and the presence of single mutations affecting both lineages have inspired further studies to decipher how the shift in transcription factor networks occurs from one lineage to the other. Furthermore, in addition to shared effects, erythropoietin and thrombopoietin have additional independent effects. Most notable for thrombopoietin is its effect on hematopoietic stem cells illustrated by in vitro and in vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Office of the Senior Vice President for Health Sciences and Dean, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
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39
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Draper JE, Sroczynska P, Tsoulaki O, Leong HS, Fadlullah MZH, Miller C, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. RUNX1B Expression Is Highly Heterogeneous and Distinguishes Megakaryocytic and Erythroid Lineage Fate in Adult Mouse Hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005814. [PMID: 26808730 PMCID: PMC4726605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Core Binding Factor (CBF) protein RUNX1 is a master regulator of definitive hematopoiesis, crucial for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence during ontogeny. RUNX1 also plays vital roles in adult mice, in regulating the correct specification of numerous blood lineages. Akin to the other mammalian Runx genes, Runx1 has two promoters P1 (distal) and P2 (proximal) which generate distinct protein isoforms. The activities and specific relevance of these two promoters in adult hematopoiesis remain to be fully elucidated. Utilizing a dual reporter mouse model we demonstrate that the distal P1 promoter is broadly active in adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) populations. By contrast the activity of the proximal P2 promoter is more restricted and its upregulation, in both the immature Lineage- Sca1high cKithigh (LSK) and bipotential Pre-Megakaryocytic/Erythroid Progenitor (PreMegE) populations, coincides with a loss of erythroid (Ery) specification. Accordingly the PreMegE population can be prospectively separated into "pro-erythroid" and "pro-megakaryocyte" populations based on Runx1 P2 activity. Comparative gene expression analyses between Runx1 P2+ and P2- populations indicated that levels of CD34 expression could substitute for P2 activity to distinguish these two cell populations in wild type (WT) bone marrow (BM). Prospective isolation of these two populations will enable the further investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in megakaryocytic/erythroid (Mk/Ery) cell fate decisions. Having characterized the extensive activity of P1, we utilized a P1-GFP homozygous mouse model to analyze the impact of the complete absence of Runx1 P1 expression in adult mice and observed strong defects in the T cell lineage. Finally, we investigated how the leukemic fusion protein AML1-ETO9a might influence Runx1 promoter usage. Short-term AML1-ETO9a induction in BM resulted in preferential P2 upregulation, suggesting its expression may be important to establish a pre-leukemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Draper
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Sroczynska
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Tsoulaki
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Cancer Research UK Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Z. H. Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
Over the last decade imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has become an established technique, as evidenced by its use in over 500 peer-reviewed scientific articles. Nevertheless, it is still an emerging technique with an installed base of less than 5 % that of conventional flow cytometers. In parallel with its adoption, the technology has evolved rapidly, increasing in speed, sensitivity, and real-time data analysis capacity by over an order of magnitude since its introduction. This chapter summarizes IFC's basic principles of operation and describes the current state of the art.
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41
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Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms That Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5178965. [PMID: 26798358 PMCID: PMC4699043 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5178965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All hematopoiesis cells develop from multipotent progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have the ability to develop into all blood lineages but also maintain their stemness. Different molecular mechanisms have been identified that are crucial for regulating quiescence and self-renewal to maintain the stem cell pool and for inducing proliferation and lineage differentiation. The stem cell niche provides the microenvironment to keep HSC in a quiescent state. Furthermore, several transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers are involved in this process. These create modifications that regulate the cell fate in a more or less reversible and dynamic way and contribute to HSC homeostasis. In addition, HSC respond in a unique way to DNA damage. These mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of HSC function and are essential to ensure viability after DNA damage. How HSC maintain their quiescent stage during the entire life is still matter of ongoing research. Here we will focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC function.
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42
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Stadhouders R, Cico A, Stephen T, Thongjuea S, Kolovos P, Baymaz HI, Yu X, Demmers J, Bezstarosti K, Maas A, Barroca V, Kockx C, Ozgur Z, van Ijcken W, Arcangeli ML, Andrieu-Soler C, Lenhard B, Grosveld F, Soler E. Control of developmentally primed erythroid genes by combinatorial co-repressor actions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8893. [PMID: 26593974 PMCID: PMC4673834 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How transcription factors (TFs) cooperate within large protein complexes to allow rapid modulation of gene expression during development is still largely unknown. Here we show that the key haematopoietic LIM-domain-binding protein-1 (LDB1) TF complex contains several activator and repressor components that together maintain an erythroid-specific gene expression programme primed for rapid activation until differentiation is induced. A combination of proteomics, functional genomics and in vivo studies presented here identifies known and novel co-repressors, most notably the ETO2 and IRF2BP2 proteins, involved in maintaining this primed state. The ETO2–IRF2BP2 axis, interacting with the NCOR1/SMRT co-repressor complex, suppresses the expression of the vast majority of archetypical erythroid genes and pathways until its decommissioning at the onset of terminal erythroid differentiation. Our experiments demonstrate that multimeric regulatory complexes feature a dynamic interplay between activating and repressing components that determines lineage-specific gene expression and cellular differentiation. Conserved sets of transcription factors (TFs) regulate hematopoiesis. Here, Stadhouders et al. show that IRF2BP2 is a component of the LDB1 TF complex and together with its co-repressor ETO2, enhances transcriptional repression, which plays a crucial role at the erythroid progenitor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Cico
- Inserm UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tharshana Stephen
- Inserm UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- Computational Biology Unit, Bergen Center for Computational Science, N-5008 Bergen, Norway.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Irem Baymaz
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Department of Proteomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Department of Proteomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Maas
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DSV/iRCM/SCSR, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christel Kockx
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zeliha Ozgur
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred van Ijcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- Inserm UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem cells, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlotte Andrieu-Soler
- Inserm UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Soler
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Inserm UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Université Paris-Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
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43
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Sengupta A, Upadhyay G, Sen S, Saleque S. Reciprocal regulation of alternative lineages by Rgs18 and its transcriptional repressor Gfi1b. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:145-54. [PMID: 26567214 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.177519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate diversification of cellular lineages from multi-potent progenitors is essential for normal development and homeostasis. The specification of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages represents an especially vital developmental event whose molecular regulation remains incompletely defined. We now demonstrate the role of Rgs18, a GTPase-activating protein and transcriptional target of the repressor Gfi1b, in regulating these processes in mouse and human cells. Gfi1b stringently represses Rgs18 expression in erythroid cells, whereas, during megakaryocytic differentiation, declining Gfi1b levels facilitate a robust induction of Rgs18. Concordantly, alterations in Rgs18 expression produce disparate outcomes by augmenting megakaryocytic and potently suppressing erythroid differentiation and vice versa. These phenotypes reflect the differential impact of Rgs18 on signaling through p38 MAPK family proteins, and ERK1 and ERK2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) in the two lineages, which in turn alter the balance between the mutually antagonistic transcription factors Fli1 and Klf1. Overall, these results identify Rgs18 as a new and crucial effector of Gfi1b that regulates downstream signaling and gene expression programs to orchestrate erythro-megakaryocytic lineage choices. This dual role of Rgs18 in reciprocally regulating divergent lineages could exemplify generic mechanisms characteristic of multiple family members in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sengupta
- Dept. of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- Dept. of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Sayani Sen
- Dept. of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shireen Saleque
- Dept. of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
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44
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From cytopenia to leukemia: the role of Gfi1 and Gfi1b in blood formation. Blood 2015; 126:2561-9. [PMID: 26447191 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-655043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding zinc finger transcription factors Gfi1 and Gfi1b were discovered more than 20 years ago and are recognized today as major regulators of both early hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cells. Both proteins function as transcriptional repressors by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to promoters and enhancers of target genes. The establishment of Gfi1 and Gfi1b reporter mice made it possible to visualize their cell type-specific expression and to understand their function in hematopoietic lineages. We now know that Gfi1 is primarily important in myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, whereas Gfi1b is crucial for the generation of red blood cells and platelets. Several rare hematologic diseases are associated with acquired or inheritable mutations in the GFI1 and GFI1B genes. Certain patients with severe congenital neutropenia carry mutations in the GFI1 gene that lead to the disruption of the C-terminal zinc finger domains. Other mutations have been found in the GFI1B gene in families with inherited bleeding disorders. In addition, the Gfi1 locus is frequently found to be a proviral integration site in retrovirus-induced lymphomagenesis, and new, emerging data suggest a role of Gfi1 in human leukemia and lymphoma, underlining the role of both factors not only in normal hematopoiesis, but also in a wide spectrum of human blood diseases.
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Yao H, Goldman DC, Fan G, Mandel G, Fleming WH. The Corepressor Rcor1 Is Essential for Normal Myeloerythroid Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3304-14. [PMID: 26119982 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on its physical interactions with histone-modifying enzymes, the transcriptional corepressor Rcor1 has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation blood cell development. Previously, we have demonstrated that Rcor1 is essential for the maturation of definitive erythroid cells and fetal survival. To determine the functional role of Rcor1 in steady-state hematopoiesis in the adult, we used a conditional knockout approach. Here, we show that the loss of Rcor1 expression results in the rapid onset of severe anemia due to a complete, cell autonomous block in the maturation of committed erythroid progenitors. By contrast, both the frequency of megakaryocyte progenitors and their capacity to produce platelets were normal. Although the frequency of common lymphoid progenitors and T cells was not altered, B cells were significantly reduced and showed increased apoptosis. However, Rcor1-deficient bone marrow sustained normal levels of B-cells following transplantation, indicating a non-cell autonomous requirement for Rcor1 in B-cell survival. Evaluation of the myelomonocytic lineage revealed an absence of mature neutrophils and a significant increase in the absolute number of monocytic cells. Rcor1-deficient monocytes were less apoptotic and showed ∼100-fold more colony-forming activity than their normal counterparts, but did not give rise to leukemia. Moreover, Rcor1(-/-) monocytes exhibited extensive, cytokine-dependent self-renewal and overexpressed genes associated with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion including Gata2, Meis1, and Hoxa9. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Rcor1 is essential for the normal differentiation of myeloerythroid progenitors and for appropriately regulating self-renewal activity in the monocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Yao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Devorah C Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Guang Fan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gail Mandel
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William H Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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