1
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Çalış Karanfil F, Bingöl Kızıltunç P, Özdemir Zeydanlı E, Atilla H, Özdek Ş. Reappearance of excentric persistent fetal vasculature stalk following laser treatment in a patient with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241249771. [PMID: 38710203 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this report, we aim to present an unusual reappearance of hyaloidal artery remnant with atypical localization during the follow-up of an infant who underwent indirect laser photocoagulation for type 1 ROP. METHODS Retrospective case report. RESULTS We report a case of reappearance of an eccentrically located hyaloidal stalk in the macular area during the follow-up period, 2 weeks after laser photocoagulation for type 1 ROP subsequently progressed to cause foveal distortion, which is successfully removed with a lens-sparing vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, there is no similar case in the literature. In the presence of fibrovascular proliferation extending into the vitreous, especially in premature infants, it should be kept in mind that this may be a reappearance of PFV and it may not always be located on the optic disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Çalış Karanfil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Huban Atilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şengül Özdek
- Ankara Retina Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Lin P, Cao W, Chen X, Zhang N, Xing Y, Yang N. Role of mRNA-binding proteins in retinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109870. [PMID: 38514023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a pathological process that primarily occurs in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vein occlusion. It is a common yet debilitating clinical condition that culminates in blindness. Urgent efforts are required to explore more efficient and less limiting therapeutic strategies. Key RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), crucial for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by binding to RNAs, are closely correlated with RNV development. RBP-RNA interactions are altered during RNV. Here, we briefly review the characteristics and functions of RBPs, and the mechanism of RNV. Then, we present insights into the role of the regulatory network of RBPs in RNV. HuR, eIF4E, LIN28B, SRSF1, METTL3, YTHDF1, Gal-1, HIWI1, and ZFR accelerate RNV progression, whereas YTHDF2 and hnRNPA2B1 hinder it. The mechanisms elucidated in this review provide a reference to guide the design of therapeutic strategies to reverse abnormal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenye Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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3
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Maitra P. Pediatric retinal vascular disorders: From translational sciences to clinical practice. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2023; 37:269-275. [PMID: 38155677 PMCID: PMC10752273 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_63_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric retinal vascular diseases are a spectrum with overlapping phenotypes and related genes. Retinal vascular development is biphasic. Vasculogenesis is responsible for the formation of primordial vessels leading to the four major arcades in the posterior retina. Angiogenesis, which is vascular endothelial growth factor dependent, is responsible for the formation of new vessels through budding from existing vessels, forming the peripheral vessels, increasing the capillary density of the central retina, and forming the superficial and deep capillary plexus. This process is controlled by WNT signaling, which is important for cell proliferation, division, and migration. Disorders of WNT signaling, such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), have overlapping clinical findings. Conversely, pathogenic variants in some of the FEVR-related genes are reported in conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), persistent fetal vasculature, and Coats disease. The various overlapping features and underlying genetic basis in the pathogenesis of pediatric retinal vascular developmental diseases suggest that genetic variants may provide a framework or a background for these conditions, upon which further insults can affect the development at any phase (such as prematurity and oxygenation in ROP), influencing and determining the final phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Maitra
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Habibi-Kavashkohie MR, Scorza T, Oubaha M. Senescent Cells: Dual Implications on the Retinal Vascular System. Cells 2023; 12:2341. [PMID: 37830555 PMCID: PMC10571659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers a series of gradual alterations in structure, metabolism, and function, as well as inflammatory gene expression that nurtures a low-grade proinflammatory milieu in human tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates an accumulation of senescent neurons and blood vessels in response to stress and aging in the retina. Prolonged accumulation of senescent cells and long-term activation of stress signaling responses may lead to multiple chronic diseases, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies by exposing neighboring cells to the heightened pathological senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the ultimate impacts of cellular senescence on the retinal vasculopathies and retinal vascular development remain ill-defined. In this review, we first summarize the molecular players and fundamental mechanisms driving cellular senescence, as well as the beneficial implications of senescent cells in driving vital physiological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Then, the dual implications of senescent cells on the growth, hemostasis, and remodeling of retinal blood vessels are described to document how senescent cells contribute to both retinal vascular development and the severity of proliferative retinopathies. Finally, we discuss the two main senotherapeutic strategies-senolytics and senomorphics-that are being considered to safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Habibi-Kavashkohie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Tatiana Scorza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Malika Oubaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
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5
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Yu Y, Qiao Y, Chen S, Hu J, Li J, Yao K, Yu Y. Non-typical persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: a rare case report and review of the literature. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 37312173 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also known as persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), is a clinical entity that traditionally presents with leukocoria, microphthalmia, retinal dysplasia, or eyeball shrinkage which is associated with poor vision. However, there is a dearth of literature on cases of PHPV in adulthood or with asymptomatic occurrence. This report presents the clinical and pathological findings of a non-typical PHPV case and discuss the current knowledge for this condition. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old healthy male was referred to our outpatient department for evaluation of age-related cataract without other visual symptoms. Preoperative fundus examination occasionally detected an isolated stalk-like band extending to the posterior pole of the eye with normal central vitreous and retina. Other ocular examinations including b-mode ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography did not unveil any abnormalities, which caused diagnostic uncertainty. We referred to cataract surgery along with histopathological study, that revealed characteristics of PHPV including fibrous connective tissues mainly composed of fibrocyte proliferation and a very few capillary vessels. Thereafter, a definitive diagnosis of non-typical PHPV was established. CONCLUSION Our case is unique due to it was not discovered until adulthood, presence with only age-related cataract, and accompanied with normal central vitreous and retina. Histopathological explorations lead to an accurate diagnosis of the condition. Those results broaden the phenotype spectrums of PHPV and further provide clinical clues for the cognition of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Yu
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Silong Chen
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiande Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yibo Yu
- Department of Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Chen Y, Wu C, Peng S, Guo D, Ouyang H, Wei Y, Ju R, Ding X, Xie Z, Liu C. Single-Cell Characterization of the Frizzled 5 (Fz5) Mutant Mouse and Human Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:8. [PMID: 36867129 PMCID: PMC9988703 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a pathological condition accounting for 4.8% of children's blindness in the United States. However, the PFV cell composition and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aims to characterize PFV cell composition and associated molecular features and attempts to lay a foundation for further understanding the disease. Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted to characterize cell types at the tissue level. Single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) was performed on the vitreous cells derived from normal and Fz5 mutant mice at two early postnatal ages and human PFV samples. Bioinformatic tools were used to cluster cells and analyze their molecular features and functions. Results The findings of this study are as follows: (1) a total of 10 defined and one undefined cell types were characterized in both the hyaloid vessel system and PFV by sc-RNAseq and immunohistochemistry; (2) neural crest-derived melanocytes, astrocytes, and fibroblasts were specifically retained in the mutant PFV; (3) Fz5 mutants were found to possess more vitreous cells at early postnatal age 3 but returned to similar levels as the wild type at postnatal age 6; (4) altered phagocytic and proliferation environments and cell-cell interactions were detected in the mutant vitreous; (5) the human PFV samples shared fibroblast, endothelial and macrophage cell types with the mouse, but having distinct immune cells including T cells, NK cells and Neutrophils; and last, (6) some neural crest features were also shared between certain mouse and human vitreous cell types. Conclusions We characterized PFV cell composition and associated molecular features in the Fz5 mutant mice and two human PFV samples. The excessively migrated vitreous cells, intrinsic molecular properties of these cells, phagocytic environment, and cell-cell interactions may together contribute to PFV pathogenesis. Human PFV shares certain cell types and molecular features with the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanzhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Darche M, Verschueren A, Belle M, Boucherit L, Fouquet S, Sahel JA, Chédotal A, Cascone I, Paques M. Three-dimensional characterization of developing and adult ocular vasculature in mice using in toto clearing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1135. [PMID: 36302949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular vasculature is critically involved in many blinding diseases and is also a popular research model for the exploration of developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The development of ocular vessels is a complex, finely orchestrated sequence of events, involving spatial and temporal coordination of hyaloid, choroidal and retinal networks. Comprehensive studies of the tridimensional dynamics of microvascular remodeling are limited by the fact that preserving the spatial disposition of ocular vascular networks is cumbersome using classical histological procedures. Here, we demonstrate that light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LFSM) of cleared mouse eyes followed by extensive virtual dissection offers a solution to this problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first 3D quantification of the evolution of the hyaloid vasculature and of post-occlusive venous remodeling together with the characterization of spatial distribution of various cell populations in ocular compartments, including the vitreous. These techniques will prove interesting to obtain other insights in scientific questions addressing organ-wide cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Darche
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Quinze-Vingts hospital, INSERM-DHOS, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Anna Verschueren
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Quinze-Vingts hospital, INSERM-DHOS, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Belle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Leyna Boucherit
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Quinze-Vingts hospital, INSERM-DHOS, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - José Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe De Rothschild, F-75019, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalo-universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'investigation clinique Biothérapie, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Michel Paques
- Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Quinze-Vingts hospital, INSERM-DHOS, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris, F-75012, France. .,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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8
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Morphogenesis of vascular and neuronal networks and the relationships between their remodeling processes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Tedeschi T, Lee K, Zhu W, Fawzi AA. Limited hyperoxia-induced proliferative retinopathy: A model of persistent retinal vascular dysfunction, preretinal fibrosis and hyaloidal vascular reprogramming for retinal rescue. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267576. [PMID: 35476813 PMCID: PMC9045626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains the leading cause for blindness in children. Limited hyperoxia induced proliferative retinopathy (L-HIPR) was recently introduced as a potential animal model for ROP and persistent fetal vasculature; however, the detailed pathological changes remain unclear. Methods To model L-HIPR, we placed C57BL/6J mice in 65% oxygen from birth to post-natal day 7 (P7). We examined eyes at intervals between P12 and P30. Retinal morphometry, thickness, and preretinal fibrosis were quantified at different time points on histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome, respectively. Vascular development, angiogenesis, inflammation, and pericyte coverage were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining in retinal flat mounts and cross sections. Results In L-HIPR, the hyaloidal vessels persisted until the latest time point in this study, P30 and began to invaginate the peripheral then central retina starting at P12. Central retinal distortion was noted beginning at P17, while the peripheral retina demonstrated a trend of thinning from P12 to P30. We found that L-HIPR was associated with delayed and abnormal retinal vascular development with subsequent retinal inflammation, pericyte loss and preretinal fibrosis. Conclusion Our study presents a detailed analysis of the L-HIPR animal model demonstrating vitreoretinal pathologic changes, preretinal fibrosis and persistent hyaloidal vessels into adulthood. Based on our findings, we suggest that the persistence and peculiar stepwise migration of the hyaloidal vessels into the retina may provide a potential rescue mechanism for inner retinal development that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tedeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kendal Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zuluaga Gómez LM, Caballero Mojica SC, Vélez Rengifo GJ, Bravo Acosta JD, Montoya Villada JH. CTNNB1 gene mutation associated with neurodevelopmental disorder, microcephaly, and persistence of bilateral hyperplastic primary vitreous: A case report and literature review. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:44-47. [PMID: 35027145 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The most cases of persistence hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) are unilateral and sporadic, however, bilateral presentation could be present in a small number of patients, in whom other genetic diseases must be ruled out. We describe a case of a 2 months child with bilateral persistence hyperplastic primary vitreous confirmed by ultrasound. In addition, with neurodevelopmental defects, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, axial hypotonia, and without brain abnormalities on MRI, in whom a de novo mutation of the CTNNB1 gene was found during the genetic study, which explains the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Vélez Rengifo
- Centro especializado en Neurología y Psiquiatría Infantil (CENPI), Medellín, Colombia
| | - J D Bravo Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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From remodeling to quiescence: The transformation of the vascular network. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203735. [PMID: 34425253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is essential for embryogenesis, healing, and homeostasis. Dysfunction or deregulated blood vessel function contributes to multiple diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, cancer, hypertension, or vascular malformations. A balance between the formation of new blood vessels, vascular remodeling, and vessel quiescence is fundamental for tissue growth and function. Whilst the major mechanisms contributing to the formation of new blood vessels have been well explored in recent years, vascular remodeling and quiescence remain poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for vessel remodeling and quiescence during angiogenesis. We further underline how impaired remodeling and/or destabilization of vessel networks can contribute to vascular pathologies. Finally, we speculate how addressing the molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling and stabilization could help to treat vascular-related disorders.
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12
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Macrophage recruitment in immune-privileged lens during capsule repair, necrotic fiber removal, and fibrosis. iScience 2021; 24:102533. [PMID: 34142044 PMCID: PMC8188486 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence challenges the lens as an immune-privileged organ. Here, we provide a direct mechanism supporting a role of macrophages in lens capsule rupture repair. Posterior lens capsule rupture in a connexin 50 and aquaporin 0 double-knockout mouse model resulted in lens tissue extrusion into the vitreous cavity with formation of a “tail-like” tissue containing delayed regressed hyaloid vessels, fibrotic tissue and macrophages at postnatal (P) 15 days. The macrophages declined after P 30 days with M2 macrophages detected inside the lens. By P 90 days, the “tail-like” tissue completely disappeared and the posterior capsule rupture was sealed with thick fibrotic tissue. Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) accelerated capsule repair, whereas inhibition of the CSF-1 receptor delayed the repair. Together, these results suggest that lens posterior rupture leads to the recruitment of macrophages delivered by the regression delayed hyaloid vessels. CSF-1-activated M2 macrophages mediate capsule rupture repair and development of fibrosis. Lens posterior rupture delays regression of the hyaloid vessels. Lens posterior rupture recruits macrophages delivered by the hyaloid vessels. Macrophages mediate necrotic fiber cell removal and capsule rupture sealing. CSF-1 activated M2 macrophages facilitate capsular rupture sealing by fibrosis.
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13
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Tisch N, Ruiz de Almodóvar C. Contribution of cell death signaling to blood vessel formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3247-3264. [PMID: 33783563 PMCID: PMC8038986 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is driven by proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs), elongation of maturing vessel sprouts and ultimately vessel remodeling to create a hierarchically structured vascular system. Vessel regression is an essential process to remove redundant vessel branches in order to adapt the final vessel density to the demands of the surrounding tissue. How exactly vessel regression occurs and whether and to which extent cell death contributes to this process has been in the focus of several studies within the last decade. On top, recent findings challenge our simplistic view of the cell death signaling machinery as a sole executer of cellular demise, as emerging evidences suggest that some of the classic cell death regulators even promote blood vessel formation. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of the cell death signaling machinery with a focus on the apoptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways during blood vessel formation in development and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tisch
- Department of Vascular Dysfunction, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
- Department of Vascular Dysfunction, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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14
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Zuluaga Gómez LM, Caballero Mojica SC, Vélez Rengifo GJ, Bravo Acosta JD, Montoya Villada JH. CTNNB1 gene mutation associated with neurodevelopmental disorder, microcephaly, and persistence of bilateral hyperplastic primary vítreous: a case report and literature review. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2021; 97:S0365-6691(21)00010-1. [PMID: 33563475 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The most cases of persistence hyperplastic primary vítreous (PHPV) are unilateral and sporadic, however, bilateral presentation could be present in a small number of patients, in whom other genetic diseases must be ruled out. We describe a case of a 2 months child with bilateral persistence hyperplastic primary vítreous confirmed by ultrasound. In addition, with neurodevelopmental defects, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, axial hypotonia, and without brain abnormalities on MRI, in whom a de novo mutation of the CTNNB1 gene was found during the genetic study, which explains the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Vélez Rengifo
- Centro especializado en Neurología y Psiquiatría Infantil (CENPI), Medellín, Colombia
| | - J D Bravo Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín, Colombia
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15
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A novel method for visualizing and tracking endogenous mRNA in a specific cell population in pathological neovascularization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2565. [PMID: 33510218 PMCID: PMC7844016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and retinal vein occlusion are potentially blinding conditions largely due to their respective neovascular components. The development of real-time in vivo molecular imaging methods, to assess levels of retinal neovascularization (NV), would greatly benefit patients afflicted with these conditions. mRNA hybridization techniques offer a potential method to image retinal NV. The success of these techniques hinges on the selection of a target mRNA whose tissue levels and spatial expression patterns correlate closely with disease burden. Using a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), we previously observed dramatic increases in retinal endoglin that localized to neovascular structures (NV), directly correlating with levels of neovascular pathology. Based on these findings, we have investigated Endoglin mRNA as a potential marker for imaging retinal NV in OIR mice. Also of critical importance, is the application of innovative technologies capable of detecting mRNAs in living systems with high sensitivity and specificity. To detect and visualize endoglin mRNA in OIR mice, we have designed and synthesized a novel imaging probe composed of short-hairpin anti-sense (AS) endoglin RNA coupled to a fluorophore and black hole quencher (AS-Eng shRNA). This assembly allows highly sensitive fluorescence emission upon hybridization of the AS-Eng shRNA to cellular endoglin mRNA. The AS-Eng shRNA is further conjugated to a diacyl-lipid (AS-Eng shRNA–lipid referred to as probe). The lipid moiety binds to serum albumin facilitating enhanced systemic circulation of the probe. OIR mice received intraperitoneal injections of AS-Eng shRNA–lipid. Ex vivo imaging of their retinas revealed specific endoglin mRNA dependent fluorescence superimposed on neovascular structures. Room air mice receiving AS-Eng shRNA–lipid and OIR mice receiving a non-sense control probe showed little fluorescence activity. In addition, we found that cells in neovascular lesions labelled with endoglin mRNA dependent fluorescence, co-labelled with the macrophage/microglia-associated marker IBA1. Others have shown that cells expressing macrophage/microglia markers associate with retinal neovascular structures in proportion to disease burden. Hence we propose that our probe may be used to image and to estimate the levels of retinal neovascular disease in real-time in living systems.
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16
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Uddin MI, Kilburn TC, Duvall CL, Penn JS. Visualizing HIF-1α mRNA in a Subpopulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to Predict Retinal Neovascularization. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3004-3012. [PMID: 33080135 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells and macrophages are known to migrate into the retina in response to inflammation and neovascularization. These migratory cells might play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of neovascularization, a common complication observed in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vein occlusion. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal inflammation and neovascularization. However, contributions of monocyte-derived macrophages to neovascularization are largely unknown. We hypothesized that selective visualization of these microglia/macrophages could be a powerful method for predicting the onset of neovascularization and its progression at the molecular level. In this report, we describe the synthesis of a new hybrid nanoparticle to visualize HIF-1α mRNA selectively in microglia/macrophages in a mouse model of neovascularization. HIF-1α expression was confirmed in MRC-1 positive monocytes/macrophages as well as in CD4 positive T-cells and CD19 positive B-cells using single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis. The imaging probes (AS- or NS-shRNA-lipid) were synthesized by conjugating diacyl-lipids to short hairpin RNA with an antisense sequence complementary to HIF-1α mRNA and a fluorophore that is quenched by a black hole quencher. We believe that imaging mRNA selectively in tissue specific microglia/macrophages could be a powerful method for predicting the onset of neovascularization, its progression, and its response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imam Uddin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Tyler C. Kilburn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John S. Penn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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17
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Bjeloš M, Križanović A, Bušić M, Kuzmanović Elabjer B. Central retinal artery and vein occlusion as a complication of persistent hyaloid artery - a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:434. [PMID: 33143669 PMCID: PMC7607849 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this case report, we present for the first time central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) as a complication of persistent hyaloid artery (PHA). Case presentation In August 2019, a six-year-old male patient manifested right eye (RE) excessive tearing, conjunctival injection and pain. On examination, RE demonstrated light perception and intraocular pressure of 36 mmHg. The diagnoses of neovascular glaucoma, CRVO and CRAO were established as affirmed with fluorescein angiography (FA). PHA was not reported. Extensive work-up and family history were unremarkable. The child was born on term after uncomplicated twin pregnancy. In December 2019, he was referred to our Centre. Transillumination revealed fully dilated, non-reactive RE pupil, clear lens and tubular remnant of HA containing blood cells in its lumen freely rotating in the anterior vitreous. Conclusions PHA results from failure of apoptosis during gestation. It can easily be observed during the red reflex screening at neonatal wards. We hypothesized that PHA twisting led to torsion of the residual primordial common bulb, branching off to HA and CRA with CRAO occurring first. The consequential CRVO presumably advanced by venous stasis due to decrease in arterial inflow. Liquid vitreous appears as early as 4 years of age enabling PHA to whirl more freely. Thus, in case of PHA, we advocate FA to be performed and if connection with retinal artery is proven, parents should be informed on the possible devastating complications and prompt surgical treatment should be considered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-020-01702-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Bjeloš
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Centre for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Križanović
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Centre for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Bušić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Centre for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. .,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Centre for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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18
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Hombrebueno JR, Lynch A, Byrne EM, Obasanmi G, Kissenpfennig A, Chen M, Xu H. Hyaloid Vasculature as a Major Source of STAT3 + (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) Myeloid Cells for Pathogenic Retinal Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e367-e379. [PMID: 33115265 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloid cells are critically involved in inflammation-induced angiogenesis, although their pathogenic role in the ischemic retina remains controversial. We hypothesize that myeloid cells contribute to pathogenic neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation. Approach and Results: Using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, we show that myeloid cells (CD45+IsolectinB4 [IB4]+) and particularly M2-type macrophages (CD45+ Arg1+), comprise a major source of STAT3 activation (pSTAT3) in the immature ischemic retina. Most of the pSTAT3-expressing myeloid cells concentrated at the hyaloid vasculature and their numbers were strongly correlated with the severity of pathogenic neovascular tuft formation. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 reduced the load of IB4+ cells in the hyaloid vasculature and significantly reduced the formation of pathogenic neovascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy, leading to improved long-term visual outcomes (ie, increased retinal thickness and scotopic b-wave electroretinogram responses). Genetic deletion of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), an endogenous inhibitor of STAT3, in myeloid cells, enhanced pathological and physiological neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy, indicating that myeloid-STAT3 signaling is crucial for retinal angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Circulating myeloid cells may migrate to the immature ischemic retina through the hyaloid vasculature and contribute to retinal neovascularization via activation of STAT3. Understanding how STAT3 modulates myeloid cells for vascular repair/pathology may provide novel therapeutic options in pathogenic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Hombrebueno
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.).,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (J.R.H.)
| | - Aisling Lynch
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Eimear M Byrne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
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19
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An inhibitor of endothelial ETS transcription factors promotes physiologic and therapeutic vessel regression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26494-26502. [PMID: 33020273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015980117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During the progression of ocular diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, overgrowth of retinal blood vessels results in the formation of pathological neovascular tufts that impair vision. Current therapeutic options for treating these diseases include antiangiogenic strategies that can lead to the undesirable inhibition of normal vascular development. Therefore, strategies that eliminate pathological neovascular tufts while sparing normal blood vessels are needed. In this study we exploited the hyaloid vascular network in murine eyes, which naturally undergoes regression after birth, to gain mechanistic insights that could be therapeutically adapted for driving neovessel regression in ocular diseases. We found that endothelial cells of regressing hyaloid vessels underwent down-regulation of two structurally related E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors, ETS-related gene (ERG) and Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1), prior to apoptosis. Moreover, the small molecule YK-4-279, which inhibits the transcriptional and biological activity of ETS factors, enhanced hyaloid regression in vivo and drove Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) tube regression and apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, exposure of HUVECs to sheer stress inhibited YK-4-279-induced apoptosis, indicating that low-flow vessels may be uniquely susceptible to YK-4-279-mediated regression. We tested this hypothesis by administering YK-4-279 to mice in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model that generates disorganized and poorly perfused neovascular tufts that mimic human ocular diseases. YK-4-279 treatment significantly reduced neovascular tufts while sparing healthy retinal vessels, thereby demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this inhibitor.
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20
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Binet F, Cagnone G, Crespo-Garcia S, Hata M, Neault M, Dejda A, Wilson AM, Buscarlet M, Mawambo GT, Howard JP, Diaz-Marin R, Parinot C, Guber V, Pilon F, Juneau R, Laflamme R, Sawchyn C, Boulay K, Leclerc S, Abu-Thuraia A, Côté JF, Andelfinger G, Rezende FA, Sennlaub F, Joyal JS, Mallette FA, Sapieha P. Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy. Science 2020; 369:369/6506/eaay5356. [PMID: 32820093 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular remodeling during late-stage sterile inflammation. Senescent vasculature released a secretome that attracted neutrophils and triggered the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs ultimately cleared diseased endothelial cells and remodeled unhealthy vessels. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NETosis prevented the regression of senescent vessels and prolonged disease. Thus, clearance of senescent retinal blood vessels leads to reparative vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Neault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gaelle Tagne Mawambo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christina Sawchyn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Afnan Abu-Thuraia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | | | - Florian Sennlaub
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 968 Paris F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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21
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Macrophages fine-tune pupil shape during development. Dev Biol 2020; 464:137-144. [PMID: 32565279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages, which are ubiquitously present innate immune cells, play versatile roles in development and organogenesis. During development, macrophages prune transient or unnecessary synapses in neuronal development, and prune blood vessels in vascular development, facilitating appropriate tissue remodeling. In the present study, we identified that macrophages contributed to the development of pupillary morphology. Csf1op/op mutant mice, in which ocular macrophages are nearly absent, exhibited abnormal pupillary edges, with abnormal protrusions of excess iris tissue into the pupillary space. Macrophages located near the pupillary edge engulfed pigmented debris, which likely consisted of unnecessary iris protrusions that emerge during smoothening of the pupillary edge. Indeed, pupillary edge macrophages phenotypically possessed some features of M2 macrophages, consistent with robust tissue engulfment and remodeling activities. Interestingly, protruding irises in Csf1op/op mice were only detected in gaps between regressing blood vessels. Taken together, our findings uncovered a new role for ocular macrophages, demonstrating that this cell population is important for iris pruning during development.
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22
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In vivo imaging of the hyaloid vascular regression and retinal and choroidal vascular development in rat eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12901. [PMID: 32733052 PMCID: PMC7393149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the hyaloid vascular regression and its relationship to the retinal and choroidal vascular developments using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Normal and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) rat eyes at postnatal day 15, 18, 21, and 24 were longitudinally imaged using OCTA. At each day, two consecutive imaging for visualizing the hyaloid vasculature and the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were conducted. The hyaloid vessel volume and the retinal and choroidal vessel densities were measured. The hyaloid vessel volumes gradually decreased during the regression, although the OIR eyes exhibited large vessel volumes at all time points. A spatial relationship between persistent hyaloid vasculature and retardation of underlying retinal vascular development was observed in the OIR eyes. Furthermore, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was administered intravitreally to additional OIR eyes to observe its effect on the vascular regression and development. The VEGF injection to OIR eyes showed reduced persistent hyaloid vessels in the injected eyes as well as in the non-injected fellow eyes. This study presents longitudinal imaging of intraocular vasculatures in the developing eye and shows the utility of OCTA that can be widely used in studies of vascular development and regression and preclinical evaluation of new anti-angiogenic drugs.
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23
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Weaver ML, Piedade WP, Meshram NN, Famulski JK. Hyaloid vasculature and mmp2 activity play a role during optic fissure fusion in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10136. [PMID: 32576859 PMCID: PMC7311462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate retinal development requires timely and precise fusion of the optic fissure (OF). Failure of this event leads to congenital vision impairment in the form of coloboma. Recent studies have suggested hyaloid vasculature to be involved in OF fusion. In order to examine this link, we analyzed OF fusion and hyaloid vasculogenesis in the zebrafish pax2a noi mutant line. We first determined that pax2a-/- embryos fail to accumulate F-actin in the OF prior to basement membrane (BM) degradation. Furthermore, using 3D and live imaging we observed reduced OF hyaloid vascularization in pax2a-/- embryos. When examining the connection between pax2a loss of function and hyaloid vasculature, we observed significant reduction of talin1 expression, a regulator of hyaloid vasculature. In addition, cranial VEGF expression was found to be reduced in pax2a-/- embryos. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF signaling phenocopied the pax2a-/- vasculature, F-actin and BM degradation phenotypes. Lastly, we determined that OF associated hyaloid vasculature is a source of mmp2, mmp14a and mmp14b expression and showed that mmp2 is functionally necessary for degradation of OF BM. Taken together we propose a pax2a driven mechanism that ensures proper and timely hyaloid vasculature invasion of the OF in order to facilitate availability of the BM remodeler mmp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Weaver
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Warlen P Piedade
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Jakub K Famulski
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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24
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Yazdankhah M, Shang P, Ghosh S, Bhutto IA, Stepicheva N, Grebe R, Hose S, Weiss J, Luo T, Mishra S, Riazuddin SA, Ghosh A, Handa JT, Lutty GA, Zigler JS, Sinha D. Modulating EGFR-MTORC1-autophagy as a potential therapy for persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) disease. Autophagy 2020; 16:1130-1142. [PMID: 31462148 PMCID: PMC7469569 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1660545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a human disease that results from failure of the fetal vasculature to regress normally. The regulatory mechanisms responsible for fetal vascular regression remain obscure, as does the underlying cause of regression failure. However, there are a few animal models that mimic the clinical manifestations of human PFV, which can be used to study different aspects of the disease. One such model is the Nuc1 rat model that arose from a spontaneous mutation in the Cryba1 (crystallin, beta 1) gene and exhibits complete failure of the hyaloid vasculature to regress. Our studies with the Nuc1 rat indicate that macroautophagy/autophagy, a process in eukaryotic cells for degrading dysfunctional components to ensure cellular homeostasis, is severely impaired in Nuc1 ocular astrocytes. Further, we show that CRYBA1 interacts with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and that loss of this interaction in Nuc1 astrocytes increases EGFR levels. Moreover, our data also show a reduction in EGFR degradation in Nuc1 astrocytes compared to control cells that leads to over-activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1) pathway. The impaired EGFR-MTORC1-autophagy signaling in Nuc1 astrocytes triggers abnormal proliferation and migration. The abnormally migrating astrocytes ensheath the hyaloid artery, contributing to the pathogenesis of PFV in Nuc1, by adversely affecting the vascular remodeling processes essential to regression of the fetal vasculature. Herein, we demonstrate in vivo that gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) can rescue the PFV phenotype in Nuc1 and may serve as a novel therapy for PFV disease by modulating the EGFR-MTORC1-autophagy pathway. ABBREVIATIONS ACTB: actin, beta; CCND3: cyclin 3; CDK6: cyclin-dependent kinase 6; CHQ: chloroquine; COL4A1: collagen, type IV, alpha 1; CRYBA1: crystallin, beta A1; DAPI: 4'6-diamino-2-phenylindole; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFAP: glial fibrillary growth factor; KDR: kinase insert domain protein receptor; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MKI67: antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PFV: persistent fetal vasculature; PHPV: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous; RPE: retinal pigmented epithelium; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestome 1; TUBB: tubulin, beta; VCL: vinculin; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yazdankhah
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imran A. Bhutto
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rhonda Grebe
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tianqi Luo
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Subrata Mishra
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - James T. Handa
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard A. Lutty
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Okabe K, Fukada H, Tai-Nagara I, Ando T, Honda T, Nakajima K, Takeda N, Fong GH, Ema M, Kubota Y. Neuron-derived VEGF contributes to cortical and hippocampal development independently of VEGFR1/2-mediated neurotrophism. Dev Biol 2020; 459:65-71. [PMID: 31790655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen critical for angiogenesis and organogenesis. Deletion or inhibition of VEGF during development not only profoundly suppresses vascular outgrowth, but significantly affects the development and function of various organs. In the brain, VEGF is thought to not only promote vascular growth, but also directly act on neurons as a neurotrophic factor by activating VEGF receptors. In the present study, we demonstrated that deletion of VEGF using hGfap-Cre line, which recombines genes specifically in cortical and hippocampal neurons, severely impaired brain organization and vascularization of these regions. The mutant mice had motor deficits, with lethality around the time of weaning. Multiple reporter lines indicated that VEGF was highly expressed in neurons, but that its cognate receptors, VEGFR1 and 2 were exclusive to endothelial cells in the brain. In accordance, mice lacking neuronal VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 did not exhibit neuronal deformities or lethality. Taken together, our data suggest that neuron-derived VEGF contributes to cortical and hippocampal development likely through angiogenesis independently of direct neurotrophic effects mediated by VEGFR1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Plastic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hugh Fukada
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikue Tai-Nagara
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ando
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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26
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Sebag J. Vitreous and Vision Degrading Myodesopsia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100847. [PMID: 32151758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules comprise only 2% of vitreous, yet are responsible for its gel state, transparency, and physiologic function(s) within the eye. Myopia and aging alter collagen and hyaluronan association causing concurrent gel liquefaction and fibrous degeneration. The resulting vitreous opacities and collapse of the vitreous body during posterior vitreous detachment are the most common causes for the visual phenomenon of vitreous floaters. Previously considered innocuous, the vitreous opacities that cause floaters sometimes impact vision by profoundly degrading contrast sensitivity function and impairing quality-of-life. While many people adapt to vitreous floaters, clinically significant cases can be diagnosed with Vision Degrading Myodesopsia based upon echographic assessment of vitreous structure and by measuring contrast sensitivity function. Perhaps due to the ubiquity of floaters, the medical profession has to date largely ignored the plight of those with Vision Degrading Myodesopsia. Improved diagnostics will enable better disease staging and more accurate identification of severe cases that merit therapy. YAG laser treatments may occasionally be slightly effective, but vitrectomy is currently the definitive cure. Future developments will usher in more informative diagnostic approaches as well as safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. Improved laser treatments, new pharmacotherapies, and possibly non-invasive optical corrections are exciting new approaches to pursue. Ultimately, enhanced understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of Vision Degrading Myodesopsia should result in prevention, the ultimate goal of modern Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebag
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Kim TH, Son T, Le D, Yao X. Longitudinal OCT and OCTA monitoring reveals accelerated regression of hyaloid vessels in retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16685. [PMID: 31723168 PMCID: PMC6853881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyaloid vascular system (HVS) is known to have an important role in eye development. However, physiological mechanisms of HVS regression and their correlation with developmental eye disorders remain unclear due to technical limitations of conventional ending point examination with fixed tissues. Here, we report comparative optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) monitoring of HVS regression in wild-type and retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice. Longitudinal OCTA monitoring revealed accelerated regression of hyaloid vessels correlated with retinal degeneration in rd10. Quantitative OCT measurement disclosed significant distortions of both retinal thickness and the vitreous chamber in rd10 compared to WT mice. These OCT/OCTA observations confirmed the close relationship between HVS physiology and retinal neurovascular development. The distorted HVS regression might result from retinal hyperoxia or dopamine abnormality due to retinal remodeling in rd10 retina. By providing a noninvasive imaging platform for longitudinal monitoring of HVS regression, further OCT/OCTA study may lead to in-depth understanding of the physiological mechanisms of HVS regression in normal and diseased eyes, which is not only important for advanced study of the nature of the visual system but also may provide insights into the development of better treatment protocols of congenital eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Taeyoon Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - David Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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28
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Li J, Zhang J, Lu P. Regression of fetal vasculature and visual improvement in nonsurgical persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 31349817 PMCID: PMC6660677 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a rare congenital developmental ocular disorder caused by incomplete regression of the embryonic hyaloid vasculature. Here we report a case of nonsurgical unilateral anterior PHPV that was managed by amblyopia treatment and resulted in an improvement of visual acuity and regression of the fetal vasculature. CASE PRESENTATION A three-year-old girl was diagnosed with unilateral anterior PHPV in the left eye, manifested with posterior pole cataract, posterior capsule opacification, tunica vasculosa lentis, and a floating hyaloid artery connected to the retrolental mass. The plaque was not large enough to fill the pupil, and conservative management along with amblyopia treatment was conducted. Nineteen months later, the visual acuity in the affected eye improved from 20/100 to 20/50 with correction, and the fetal vasculature regressed gradually and finally into a nonperfusion ghost vessel. CONCLUSIONS In PHPV-affected children, regression of the fetal vasculature may be observed, and conservative management and amblyopia treatment may be helpful for visual improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaju Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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29
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McWilliams TG, Prescott AR, Villarejo-Zori B, Ball G, Boya P, Ganley IG. A comparative map of macroautophagy and mitophagy in the vertebrate eye. Autophagy 2019; 15:1296-1308. [PMID: 30786807 PMCID: PMC6613837 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreception is pivotal to our experience and perception of the natural world; hence the eye is of prime importance for most vertebrate animals to sense light. Central to visual health is mitochondrial homeostasis, and the selective autophagic turnover of mitochondria (mitophagy) is predicted to play a key role here. Despite studies that link aberrant mitophagy to ocular dysfunction, little is known about the prevalence of basal mitophagy, or its relationship to general autophagy, in the visual system. In this study, we utilize the mito-QC mouse and a closely related general macroautophagy reporter model to profile basal mitophagy and macroautophagy in the adult and developing eye. We report that ocular macroautophagy is widespread, but surprisingly mitophagy does not always follow the same pattern of occurrence. We observe low levels of mitophagy in the lens and ciliary body, in stark contrast to the high levels of general MAP1LC3-dependent macroautophagy in these regions. We uncover a striking reversal of this process in the adult retina, where mitophagy accounts for a larger degree of the macroautophagy taking place, specifically in the photoreceptor neurons of the outer nuclear layer. We also show the developmental regulation of autophagy in a variety of ocular tissues. In particular, mitophagy in the adult mouse retina is reversed in localization during the latter stages of development. Our work thus defines the landscape of mitochondrial homeostasis in the mammalian eye, and in doing so highlights the selective nature of autophagy in vivo and the specificity of the reporters used. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; ONH: optic nerve head; ONL: outer nuclear layer; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McWilliams
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan R. Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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30
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Pinet K, McLaughlin KA. Mechanisms of physiological tissue remodeling in animals: Manipulating tissue, organ, and organism morphology. Dev Biol 2019; 451:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Kim TH, Son T, Yao X. Functional OCT angiography reveals early physiological dysfunction of hyaloid vasculature in developing mouse eye. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:819-823. [PMID: 31126209 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219850787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaloid vascular system (HVS) is a transient capillary network nourishing developing eye. Better study of the HVS regression correlated with eye development is essential for in-depth understanding of the nature of vision system. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) monitoring of the HVS in C57BL/6J mice. OCT enables morphological monitoring of the HVS regression, and OCTA allows physiological assessment of the HVS involution correlated with eye development. Functional OCTA reveals early physiological dysfunction before morphological regression of the hyaloid vasculature in developing mouse eye. We anticipate that noninvasive, simultaneous OCT/OCTA observation of morphological regression and physiological degradation in normal and diseased animal models will be valuable to unravel the complex mechanisms of the HVS regression correlated with normal eye development and abnormal persistent hyaloid conditions. Impact statement Hyaloid vascular system (HVS) is known to have an essential role in the eye development. However, established knowledge of the HVS largely relies on end-point studies with biochemically fixed tissues, lacking a full description of the natural dynamics of the HVS correlated with eye development. An imaging methodology for noninvasive, longitudinal, and high-resolution monitoring of the HVS is important not only for better understanding of the nature of the vision system and is also valuable for better study of abnormal eye conditions. Here, we report the feasibility of in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging of the HVS regression in developing mouse eye. OCT enables morphological imaging of the HVS structure, and OCTA allows functional assessment of the HVS physiology correlated with eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Taeyoon Son
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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32
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31157789 DOI: 10.3791/59222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed regression of hyaloid vessels can be seen in diseases such as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), leading to an obstructed light path and impaired visual function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the hyaloid vessel regression may lead to new molecular insights into the vascular regression process and potential new ways to manage diseases with persistent hyaloid vessels. Here we describe the procedures for imaging hyaloid in live mice with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and a detailed technical protocol of isolating and flat-mounting hyaloid ex vivo for quantitative analysis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) knockout mice were used as an experimental model of persistent hyaloid vessels, to illustrate the techniques. Together, these techniques may facilitate a thorough assessment of hyaloid vessels as an experimental model of vascular regression and studies on the mechanism of persistent hyaloid vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School;
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33
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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34
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Heimsath EG, Yim YI, Mustapha M, Hammer JA, Cheney RE. Myosin-X knockout is semi-lethal and demonstrates that myosin-X functions in neural tube closure, pigmentation, hyaloid vasculature regression, and filopodia formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17354. [PMID: 29229982 PMCID: PMC5725431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-X (Myo10) is an unconventional myosin best known for its striking localization to the tips of filopodia. Despite the broad expression of Myo10 in vertebrate tissues, its functions at the organismal level remain largely unknown. We report here the generation of KO-first (Myo10tm1a/tm1a), floxed (Myo10tm1c/tm1c), and KO mice (Myo10tm1d/tm1d). Complete knockout of Myo10 is semi-lethal, with over half of homozygous KO embryos exhibiting exencephaly, a severe defect in neural tube closure. All Myo10 KO mice that survive birth exhibit a white belly spot, all have persistent fetal vasculature in the eye, and ~50% have webbed digits. Myo10 KO mice that survive birth can breed and produce litters of KO embryos, demonstrating that Myo10 is not absolutely essential for mitosis, meiosis, adult survival, or fertility. KO-first mice and an independent spontaneous deletion (Myo10m1J/m1J) exhibit the same core phenotypes. During retinal angiogenesis, KO mice exhibit a ~50% decrease in endothelial filopodia, demonstrating that Myo10 is required to form normal numbers of filopodia in vivo. The Myo10 mice generated here demonstrate that Myo10 has important functions in mammalian development and provide key tools for defining the functions of Myo10 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest G Heimsath
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yang-In Yim
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mirna Mustapha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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35
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Retinal vasculature development in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 63:1-19. [PMID: 29129724 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with external influences such as the supply of oxygen and nutrients. The developing mouse retinal vasculature is a useful model system to study these interactions because it is experimentally accessible for intra ocular injections and genetic manipulations, can be easily imaged and develops in a similar fashion to that of humans. Research using this model has provided insights about general principles of angiogenesis as well as pathologies that affect the developing retinal vasculature. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern the interactions between neurons, glial and vascular cells in the developing retina. This includes a review of mechanisms that shape the retinal vasculature, such as sprouting angiogenesis, vascular network remodelling and vessel maturation. We also explore how the disruption of these processes in mice can lead to pathology - such as oxygen induced retinopathy - and how this translates to human retinopathy of prematurity.
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36
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Tai-Nagara I, Yoshikawa Y, Numata N, Ando T, Okabe K, Sugiura Y, Ieda M, Takakura N, Nakagawa O, Zhou B, Okabayashi K, Suematsu M, Kitagawa Y, Bastmeyer M, Sato K, Klein R, Navankasattusas S, Li DY, Yamagishi S, Kubota Y. Placental labyrinth formation in mice requires endothelial FLRT2/UNC5B signaling. Development 2017; 144:2392-2401. [PMID: 28576770 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The placental labyrinth is the interface for gas and nutrient exchange between the embryo and the mother; hence its proper development is essential for embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying development of the placental labyrinth, particularly in terms of its endothelial organization, is not well understood. Here, we determined that fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2), a repulsive ligand of the UNC5 receptor family for neurons, is unexpectedly expressed in endothelial cells specifically in the placental labyrinth. Mice lacking FLRT2 in endothelial cells exhibited embryonic lethality at mid-gestation, with systemic congestion and hypoxia. Although they lacked apparent deformities in the embryonic vasculature and heart, the placental labyrinths of these embryos exhibited aberrant alignment of endothelial cells, which disturbed the feto-maternal circulation. Interestingly, this vascular deformity was related to endothelial repulsion through binding to the UNC5B receptor. Our results suggest that the proper organization of the placental labyrinth depends on coordinated inter-endothelial repulsion, which prevents uncontrolled layering of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikue Tai-Nagara
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Numata
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ando
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Price Center 420, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Cardiology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Wang S, Zaitoun IS, Johnson RP, Jamali N, Gurel Z, Wintheiser CM, Strasser A, Lindner V, Sheibani N, Sorenson CM. Bim expression in endothelial cells and pericytes is essential for regression of the fetal ocular vasculature. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178198. [PMID: 28552963 PMCID: PMC5446173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a central role in developmental and pathological angiogenesis and vessel regression. Bim is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member that plays a prominent role in both developmental and pathological ocular vessel regression, and neovascularization. Endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes (PC) each play unique roles during vascular development, maintenance and regression. We recently showed that germline deletion of Bim results in persistent hyaloid vasculature, increased retinal vascular density and prevents retinal vessel regression in response to hyperoxia. To determine whether retinal vascular regression is attributable to Bim expression in EC or PC we generated mice carrying a conditional Bim allele (BimFlox/Flox) and VE-cadherin-cre (BimEC mice) or Pdgfrb-cre (BimPC mice). BimEC and BimPC mice demonstrated attenuated hyaloid vessel regression and postnatal retinal vascular remodeling. We also observed decreased retinal vascular apoptosis and proliferation. Unlike global Bim -/- mice, mice conditionally lacking Bim in EC or PC underwent hyperoxia-mediated vessel obliteration and subsequent retinal neovascularization during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy similar to control littermates. Thus, understanding the cell autonomous role Bim plays in the retinal vascular homeostasis will give us new insight into how to modulate pathological retinal neovascularization and vessel regression to preserve vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ismail S. Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ryan P. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nasim Jamali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zafer Gurel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Wintheiser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Heinolainen K, Karaman S, D'Amico G, Tammela T, Sormunen R, Eklund L, Alitalo K, Zarkada G. VEGFR3 Modulates Vascular Permeability by Controlling VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling. Circ Res 2017; 120:1414-1425. [PMID: 28298294 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main driver of angiogenesis and vascular permeability via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), whereas lymphangiogenesis signals are transduced by VEGFC/D via VEGFR3. VEGFR3 also regulates sprouting angiogenesis and blood vessel growth, but to what extent VEGFR3 signaling controls blood vessel permeability remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of VEGFR3 in the regulation of VEGF-induced vascular permeability. METHODS AND RESULTS Long-term global Vegfr3 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in increased fibrinogen deposition in lungs and kidneys, indicating enhanced vascular leakage at the steady state. Short-term deletion of Vegfr3 in blood vascular endothelial cells increased baseline leakage in various tissues, as well as in tumors, and exacerbated vascular permeability in response to VEGF, administered via intradermal adenoviral delivery or through systemic injection of recombinant protein. VEGFR3 gene silencing upregulated VEGFR2 protein levels and phosphorylation in cultured endothelial cells. Consistent with elevated VEGFR2 activity, vascular endothelial cadherin showed reduced localization at endothelial cell-cell junctions in postnatal retinas after Vegfr3 deletion, or after VEGFR3 silencing in cultured endothelial cells. Furthermore, concurrent deletion of Vegfr2 prevented VEGF-induced excessive vascular leakage in mice lacking Vegfr3. CONCLUSIONS VEGFR3 limits VEGFR2 expression and VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway activity in quiescent and angiogenic blood vascular endothelial cells, thereby preventing excessive vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Heinolainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Sinem Karaman
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Gabriela D'Amico
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Raija Sormunen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Lauri Eklund
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- From the Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.H., S.K., G.D'A., T.T., K.A., G.Z.); Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland (R.S.); and Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.).
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Hegde S, Srivastava O. Different gene knockout/transgenic mouse models manifesting persistent fetal vasculature: Are integrins to blame for this pathological condition? Life Sci 2016; 171:30-38. [PMID: 28039002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) occurs as a result of a failure of fetal vasculature to undergo normal programmed involution. During development, before the formation of retinal vessels, the lens and the inner retina are nourished by the hyaloid vasculature. Hyaloid vessels extend from the optic nerve and run through the vitreous to encapsulate the lens. As fetal retinal vessels develop, hyaloid vasculature naturally regresses. Failure of regression of the hyaloid artery has been shown to lead to severe congenital pathologies. Studies on childhood blindness and visual impairment in the United States have shown that PFV accounts for 4.8% of total blindness. Although PFV is a serious developmental disease affecting the normal visual development pathway, the exact regulatory mechanism responsible for the regression of the hyaloid artery is still unknown. In this review, we have summarized the cellular defects associated with different knockout models that manifest features of persistent fetal vasculature. Based on similar cellular defects observed in different knockouts (KO)s such as altered migration, increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis and, the known role of integrins in the regulation of these cellular behaviors, we propose here that integrins may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of persistent fetal vasculature disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shylaja Hegde
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Om Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Yoshikawa Y, Yamada T, Tai-Nagara I, Okabe K, Kitagawa Y, Ema M, Kubota Y. Developmental regression of hyaloid vasculature is triggered by neurons. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2016. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2141oia134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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