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Moreno-Corona NC, de León-Bautista MP, León-Juárez M, Hernández-Flores A, Barragán-Gálvez JC, López-Ortega O. Rab GTPases, Active Members in Antigen-Presenting Cells, and T Lymphocytes. Traffic 2024; 25:e12950. [PMID: 38923715 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Processes such as cell migration, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis refer to the intense exchange of information between the internal and external environment in the cells, known as vesicular trafficking. In eukaryotic cells, these essential cellular crosstalks are controlled by Rab GTPases proteins through diverse adaptor proteins like SNAREs complex, coat proteins, phospholipids, kinases, phosphatases, molecular motors, actin, or tubulin cytoskeleton, among others, all necessary for appropriate mobilization of vesicles and distribution of molecules. Considering these molecular events, Rab GTPases are critical components in specific biological processes of immune cells, and many reports refer primarily to macrophages; therefore, in this review, we address specific functions in immune cells, concretely in the mechanism by which the GTPase contributes in dendritic cells (DCs) and, T/B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia, Mexico
- Human Health, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Genómica (INEX LAB), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Moises León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Barragán-Gálvez
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institute Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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2
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James J, Coelho A, Lahore GF, Hernandez CM, Forster F, Malissen B, Holmdahl R. Redox Regulation of LAT Enhances T Cell-Mediated Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:499. [PMID: 38671946 PMCID: PMC11047684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The positional cloning of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1) gene, advocating that a low oxidative burst drives autoimmune disease, demands an understanding of the underlying molecular causes. A cellular target could be T cells, which have been shown to be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the pathways by which ROS mediate T cell signaling remain unclear. The adaptor molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is essential for coupling T cell receptor-mediated antigen recognition to downstream responses, and it contains several cysteine residues that have previously been suggested to be involved in redox regulation. To address the possibility that ROS regulate T cell-dependent inflammation through LAT, we established a mouse strain with cysteine-to-serine mutations at positions 120 and 172 (LATSS). We found that redox regulation of LAT through C120 and C172 mediate its localization and phosphorylation. LATSS mice had reduced numbers of double-positive thymocytes and naïve peripheral T cells. Importantly, redox insensitivity of LAT enhanced T cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This effect was reversed on an NCF1-mutated (NCF1m1j), ROS-deficient, background. Overall, our data show that LAT is redox-regulated, acts to repress T cell activation, and is targeted by ROS induced by NCF1 in antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime James
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Ana Coelho
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Clara M. Hernandez
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Florian Forster
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.J.); (A.C.); (G.F.L.); (C.M.H.); (F.F.)
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3
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Yang L, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Shen T, Li M, He H, Huang H, Dai W. RAB6A functions as a critical modulator of the stem-like subsets in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1460-1473. [PMID: 37278569 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RAB6A is a member of RAB GTPase family and plays an important role in the targeted transport of neurotrophic receptors and inflammatory cytokines. RAB6A-mediated secretory pathway is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Defects in RAB6A-mediated secretory pathway may lead to the development of many diseases, including cancer. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not yet been revealed. We explored the regulatory role of RAB6A in the stem-like subsets of CCA. We showed that RAB6A knockdown (KD) impedes cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and that suppression of RAB6A inhibits tumor growth in vivo. We screened target cargos of RAB6A in CCA cells and identified a extracellular matrix component as the target cargo. RAB6A binds directly to OPN, and RAB6A KD suppressed OPN secretion and inhibited the interaction between OPN and αV integrin receptor. Moreover, RAB6A KD inhibited the AKT signaling pathway, which is a downstream effector of the integrin receptor signaling. In addition, shRNA targeting OPN blocked endogenous expression of OPN and consequently weakened CSCs properties in RAB6A-formed spheres. Similarly, inhibitor of AKT signaling, MK2206 also impedes oncogenic function of RAB6A in the stem-like subsets of CCA cells. In conclusion, our findings showed that RAB6A sustains CSCs phenotype maintenance by modulating the secretion of OPN and consequentially activating the downstream AKT signaling pathway. Targeting the RAB6A/OPN axis may be an effective strategy for CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Institution of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingyun Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huijuan He
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haili Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Institution of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Chiu TY, Lo CH, Lin YH, Lai YD, Lin SS, Fang YT, Huang WS, Huang SY, Tsai PY, Yang FH, Chong WM, Wu YC, Tsai HC, Liu YW, Hsu CL, Liao JC, Wang WJ. INPP5E regulates CD3ζ enrichment at the immune synapse by phosphoinositide distribution control. Commun Biol 2023; 6:911. [PMID: 37670137 PMCID: PMC10480498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse, a highly organized structure formed at the interface between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), is essential for T cell activation and the adaptive immune response. It has been shown that this interface shares similarities with the primary cilium, a sensory organelle in eukaryotic cells, although the roles of ciliary proteins on the immune synapse remain elusive. Here, we find that inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E), a cilium-enriched protein responsible for regulating phosphoinositide localization, is enriched at the immune synapse in Jurkat T-cells during superantigen-mediated conjugation or antibody-mediated crosslinking of TCR complexes, and forms a complex with CD3ζ, ZAP-70, and Lck. Silencing INPP5E in Jurkat T-cells impairs the polarized distribution of CD3ζ at the immune synapse and correlates with a failure of PI(4,5)P2 clearance at the center of the synapse. Moreover, INPP5E silencing decreases proximal TCR signaling, including phosphorylation of CD3ζ and ZAP-70, and ultimately attenuates IL-2 secretion. Our results suggest that INPP5E is a new player in phosphoinositide manipulation at the synapse, controlling the TCR signaling cascade.
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Grants
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 110-2326-B-A49A-503-MY3, 111-2628-B-A49A-016, and 112-2628-B-A49-009-MY3
- National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX109-10610BC) National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Innovative Joint Program (109L104303)
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 109-2628-B-010-016 Cancer Progression Research Center NYCU, from the Higher Education Sprout Project by MOE
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 107-2313-B-001-009 National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, NSTC 108-2313-B-001-003 National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Innovative Joint Program Grant (NTU-SINICA- 108L104303)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Chien-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Di Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tian Fang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hua Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Weng Man Chong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan.
- Syncell Inc., Taipei, 115202, Taiwan.
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
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5
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Park JS, Perl A. Endosome Traffic Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Signal Transduction in CD4 + T Cells-Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10749. [PMID: 37445926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling regulates the cell surface receptor composition of the plasma membrane. The surface expression levels of the T cell receptor (TCR), in concert with signal transducing co-receptors, regulate T cell responses, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. Altered TCR expression contributes to pro-inflammatory skewing, which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), defined by a reduced function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expansion of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The ensuing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23, trigger autoantibody production and tissue infiltration by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system that induce organ damage. Endocytic recycling influences immunological synapse formation by CD4+ T lymphocytes, signal transduction from crosslinked surface receptors through recruitment of adaptor molecules, intracellular traffic of organelles, and the generation of metabolites to support growth, cytokine production, and epigenetic control of DNA replication and gene expression in the cell nucleus. This review will delineate checkpoints of endosome traffic that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy S Park
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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6
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Diaz-Rohrer B, Castello-Serrano I, Chan SH, Wang HY, Shurer CR, Levental KR, Levental I. Rab3 mediates a pathway for endocytic sorting and plasma membrane recycling of ordered microdomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207461120. [PMID: 36848577 PMCID: PMC10013782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207461120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the plasma membrane (PM) must be tightly controlled despite constant, rapid endocytosis, which requires active, selective recycling of endocytosed membrane components. For many proteins, the mechanisms, pathways, and determinants of this PM recycling remain unknown. We report that association with ordered, lipid-driven membrane microdomains (known as rafts) is sufficient for PM localization of a subset of transmembrane proteins and that abrogation of raft association disrupts their trafficking and leads to degradation in lysosomes. Using orthogonal, genetically encoded probes with tunable raft partitioning, we screened for the trafficking machinery required for efficient recycling of engineered microdomain-associated cargo from endosomes to the PM. Using this screen, we identified the Rab3 family as an important mediator of PM localization of microdomain-associated proteins. Disruption of Rab3 reduced PM localization of raft probes and led to their accumulation in Rab7-positive endosomes, suggesting inefficient recycling. Abrogation of Rab3 function also mislocalized the endogenous raft-associated protein Linker for Activation of T cells (LAT), leading to its intracellular accumulation and reduced T cell activation. These findings reveal a key role for lipid-driven microdomains in endocytic traffic and suggest Rab3 as a mediator of microdomain recycling and PM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Diaz-Rohrer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Hong-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Carolyn R. Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Kandice R. Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
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7
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Jainarayanan AK, Capera J, Céspedes PF, Conceição M, Elanchezhian M, Thomas T, Bonner S, Valvo S, Kurz E, Mahla RS, Berridge G, Hester S, Fischer R, Dustin LB, Wood MJA, Dustin ML. Comparison of different methods for isolating CD8 + T lymphocyte-derived extracellular vesicles and supramolecular attack particles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e74. [PMID: 38938417 PMCID: PMC11080737 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes play vital roles in killing infected or deranged host cells, recruiting innate immune cells, and regulating other aspects of immune responses. Like any other cell, CD8+ T cells also produce extracellular particles. These include extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs). T cell-derived EVs are proposed to mediate cell-to-cell signalling, especially in the context of inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. CD8+ T cells also produce supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs), which are in the same size range as EVs and mediate a component of T cell mediated killing. The isolation technique selected will have a profound effect on yield, purity, biochemical properties and function of T cell-derived particles; making it important to directly compare different approaches. In this study, we compared commonly used techniques (membrane spin filtration, ultracentrifugation, or size exclusion liquid chromatography) to isolate particles from activated human CD8+ T cells and validated our results by single-particle methods, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy of the purified sample as well as bulk proteomics and lipidomics analyses to evaluate the quality and nature of enriched T cell-derived particles. Our results show that there is a trade-off between the yield and the quality of T cell-derived particles. Furthermore, the protein and lipid composition of the particles is dramatically impacted by the isolation technique applied. We conclude that from the techniques evaluated, size exclusion liquid chromatography offers the highest quality of T cell derived EVs and SMAPs with acceptable yields for compositional and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K. Jainarayanan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Interdisciplinary Bioscience Doctoral Training Program and Exeter CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Pablo F. Céspedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Mirudula Elanchezhian
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchMohaliIndia
| | - Tom Thomas
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Scott Bonner
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Salvatore Valvo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Elke Kurz
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ranjeet Singh Mahla
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Georgina Berridge
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Svenja Hester
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthew J. A. Wood
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford‐Harrington Rare Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and, Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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8
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Kuo IY, Hsieh CH, Kuo WT, Chang CP, Wang YC. Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:56. [PMID: 35927755 PMCID: PMC9354273 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells in the changing tumor microenvironment (TME) need a class of checkpoints to regulate the balance among exocytosis, endocytosis, recycling and degradation. The vesicular trafficking and secretion pathways regulated by the small Rab GTPases and their effectors convey cell growth and migration signals and function as meditators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent advances suggest that Rab proteins govern conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways by trafficking widely diverse cargoes and substrates in remodeling TME. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways, their action modes and impacts on the cancer and stromal cells have been the focus of much attention for the past two decades. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of vesicular secretion pathways in TME. We begin with an overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of vesicular secretion pathways. We then systematically discuss how the three fundamental vesicular secretion processes respond to extracellular cues in TME. These processes are the conventional protein secretion via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus route and two types of unconventional protein secretion via extracellular vesicles and secretory autophagy. The latest advances and future directions in vesicular secretion-involved interplays between tumor cells, stromal cell and host immunity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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González-Mancha N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Alcover A, Merida I. Sorting Nexin 27 Enables MTOC and Secretory Machinery Translocation to the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814570. [PMID: 35095913 PMCID: PMC8790036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) association to the retromer complex mediates intracellular trafficking of cargoes containing PSD95/Dlg1/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding C-terminal sequences from endosomes to the cell surface, preventing their lysosomal degradation. Antigen recognition by T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a highly organized structure named the immune synapse (IS), which ensures cell-cell communication and sustained T cell activation. At the neuronal synapse, SNX27 recycles PDZ-binding receptors and its defective expression is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In T lymphocytes, SNX27 was found localized at recycling endosomal compartments that polarized to the IS, suggesting a function in polarized traffic to this structure. Proteomic analysis of PDZ-SNX27 interactors during IS formation identify proteins with known functions in cytoskeletal reorganization and lipid regulation, such as diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) ζ, as well as components of the retromer and WASH complex. In this study, we investigated the consequences of SNX27 deficiency in cytoskeletal reorganization during IS formation. Our analyses demonstrate that SNX27 controls the polarization towards the cell-cell interface of the PDZ-interacting cargoes DGKζ and the retromer subunit vacuolar protein sorting protein 26, among others. SNX27 silencing abolishes the formation of a DAG gradient at the IS and prevents re-localization of the dynactin complex component dynactin-1/p150Glued, two events that correlate with impaired microtubule organizing center translocation (MTOC). SNX27 silenced cells show marked alteration in cytoskeleton organization including a failure in the organization of the microtubule network and defects in actin clearance at the IS. Reduced SNX27 expression was also found to hinder the arrangement of signaling microclusters at the IS, as well as the polarization of the secretory machinery towards the antigen presenting cells. Our results broaden the knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes by showing a function in modulating IS organization through regulated trafficking of cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia González-Mancha
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, INSERM U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue-2018, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Chu K, He Y, Li Z, Jiang Z, Wang L, Ji Y, Wang X, Pang W, Sun N, Yang F, Li W. Novel LAT Pathogenic Variants in a POI Family and Its Role in the Ovary. Front Genet 2021; 12:764160. [PMID: 34868246 PMCID: PMC8640088 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.764160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects about 1% of women under 40 years and leads most often to definitive infertility with adverse health outcomes. Genetic factor has been reported to play an important role in POI. However, the genetic etiology remains unknown in the majority of the POI patients. Whole-exome sequencing and variant analysis were carried out in a POI pedigree. In vitro studies of the wild-type and mutant proteins were conducted in primary granulosa cells (GCs) and granulosa cell line. The result showed that the patients carried compound heterozygous nonsynonymous mutations (c.245C > T and c.181C > G) in LAT gene, which were identified to be transmitted from their parents. The two variants were assessed to affect residues that were conserved across different species examined, and were predicted to be deleterious by software predictions. Protein structure predicting result indicated that the two variants could alter their interactions with surrounding residues, which may change the internal structure of the LAT protein. Moreover, LAT protein expression in GCs was demonstrated for the first time, and further functional assays suggested that this mutation could reduce LAT expression and influence GC survival, which may contribute to the etiology of POI. In summary, we detect novel LAT pathogenic variants in a POI pedigree and report for the first time that LAT is present and functional in the GCs of the ovary. Our findings not only shed new light on the role of LAT in GCs, but also broaden the spectrum of genetic causes of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxin Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Ji
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Pang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningxia Sun
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Newer Methods Drive Recent Insights into Rab GTPase Biology: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34453706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The conserved Ypt/Rab GTPases regulate all major intracellular protein traffic pathways, including secretion, endocytosis and autophagy. These GTPases undergo distinct changes in conformation between their GTP- and GDP-bound forms and cycle between the cytoplasm and membranes with the aid of their upstream regulators. When activated on the membrane in the GTP-bound form, they recruit their downstream effectors, which include components of vesicular transport. Progress in the past 5 years regarding mechanisms of Rab action, functions, and the effects of disruption of these functions on the well-being of cells and organisms has been propelled by advances in methodologies in molecular and cellular biology. Here, we highlight methods used recently to analyze regulation, localization, interactions, and function of Rab GTPases and their roles in human disease. We discuss contributions of these methods to new insights into Rabs, as well as their future use in addressing open questions in the field of Rab biology.
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12
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Capitani N, Baldari CT. F-Actin Dynamics in the Regulation of Endosomal Recycling and Immune Synapse Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670882. [PMID: 34249926 PMCID: PMC8265274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins endocytosed at the cell surface as vesicular cargoes are sorted at early endosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation or alternatively recycled to different cellular destinations. Cargo recycling is orchestrated by multimolecular complexes that include the retromer, retriever, and the WASH complex, which promote the polymerization of new actin filaments at early endosomes. These endosomal actin pools play a key role at different steps of the recycling process, from cargo segregation to specific endosomal subdomains to the generation and mobility of tubulo-vesicular transport carriers. Local F-actin pools also participate in the complex redistribution of endomembranes and organelles that leads to the acquisition of cell polarity. Here, we will present an overview of the contribution of endosomal F-actin to T-cell polarization during assembly of the immune synapse, a specialized membrane domain that T cells form at the contact with cognate antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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13
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Johannes L. The Cellular and Chemical Biology of Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery-The GL-Lect Hypothesis. Molecules 2021; 26:3299. [PMID: 34072622 PMCID: PMC8198588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid membranes are common to all forms of life. While being stable barriers that delimitate the cell as the fundamental organismal unit, biological membranes are highly dynamic by allowing for lateral diffusion, transbilayer passage via selective channels, and in eukaryotic cells for endocytic uptake through the formation of membrane bound vesicular or tubular carriers. Two of the most abundant fundamental fabrics of membranes-lipids and complex sugars-are produced through elaborate chains of biosynthetic enzymes, which makes it difficult to study them by conventional reverse genetics. This review illustrates how organic synthesis provides access to uncharted areas of membrane glycobiology research and its application to biomedicine. For this Special Issue on Chemical Biology Research in France, focus will be placed on synthetic approaches (i) to study endocytic functions of glycosylated proteins and lipids according to the GlycoLipid-Lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis, notably that of Shiga toxin; (ii) to mechanistically dissect its endocytosis and intracellular trafficking with small molecule; and (iii) to devise intracellular delivery strategies for immunotherapy and tumor targeting. It will be pointed out how the chemical biologist's view on lipids, sugars, and proteins synergizes with biophysics and modeling to "look" into the membrane for atomistic scale insights on molecular rearrangements that drive the biogenesis of endocytic carriers in processes of clathrin-independent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France
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14
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Saez JJ, Dogniaux S, Shafaq-Zadah M, Johannes L, Hivroz C, Zucchetti AE. Retrograde and Anterograde Transport of Lat-Vesicles during the Immunological Synapse Formation: Defining the Finely-Tuned Mechanism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020359. [PMID: 33572370 PMCID: PMC7916135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LAT is an important player of the signaling cascade induced by TCR activation. This adapter molecule is present at the plasma membrane of T lymphocytes and more abundantly in intracellular compartments. Upon T cell activation the intracellular pool of LAT is recruited to the immune synapse (IS). We previously described two pathways controlling LAT trafficking: retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN, and anterograde traffic from the Golgi to the IS. We address the specific role of four proteins, the GTPase Rab6, the t-SNARE syntaxin-16, the v-SNARE VAMP7 and the golgin GMAP210, in each pathway. Using different methods (endocytosis and Golgi trap assays, confocal and TIRF microscopy, TCR-signalosome pull down) we show that syntaxin-16 is regulating the retrograde transport of LAT whereas VAMP7 is regulating the anterograde transport. Moreover, GMAP210 and Rab6, known to contribute to both pathways, are in our cellular context, specifically and respectively, involved in anterograde and retrograde transport of LAT. Altogether, our data describe how retrograde and anterograde pathways coordinate LAT enrichment at the IS and point to the Golgi as a central hub for the polarized recruitment of LAT to the IS. The role that this finely-tuned transport of signaling molecules plays in T-cell activation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Saez
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U932 INSERM, Integrative Analysis of T Cell Activation Team, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France; (J.J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephanie Dogniaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U932 INSERM, Integrative Analysis of T Cell Activation Team, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France; (J.J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Team, 75005 Paris, France; (M.S.-Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Team, 75005 Paris, France; (M.S.-Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U932 INSERM, Integrative Analysis of T Cell Activation Team, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France; (J.J.S.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (A.E.Z.); Tel.: +33-156-246-438 (A.E.Z.)
| | - Andrés Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U932 INSERM, Integrative Analysis of T Cell Activation Team, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France; (J.J.S.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (A.E.Z.); Tel.: +33-156-246-438 (A.E.Z.)
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15
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Ecker M, Redpath GMI, Nicovich PR, Rossy J. Quantitative visualization of endocytic trafficking through photoactivation of fluorescent proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:892-902. [PMID: 33534630 PMCID: PMC8108533 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking controls the density of molecules at the plasma membrane and by doing so, the cell surface profile, which in turn determines how cells interact with their environment. A full apprehension of any cellular process necessitates understanding how proteins associated with the plasma membrane are endocytosed, how they are sorted after internalization, and if and how they are recycled to the plasma membrane. To date, it is still difficult to experimentally gain access to this information, even more to do it in a quantitative way. Here we present a toolset based on photoactivation of fluorescent proteins that enabled us to generate quantitative information on endocytosis, incorporation into sorting and recycling endosomes, delivery from endosomes to the plasma membrane, and on the type of vesicles performing intracellular transport. We illustrate these approaches by revealing striking differences in the endocytic trafficking of T-cell receptor and CD4, which bind to the same molecule at the surface of antigen-presenting cells during T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ecker
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jérémie Rossy
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Bigas A, Zanoni I, Hepworth MR, Eisenbarth SC, Masters SL, Kipnis J, Vinuesa CG, Good-Jacobson KL, Tangye SG, Yamazaki S, Hivroz C, Tait Wojno E, Shulman Z, Colonna M. JEM career launchpad. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202509. [PMID: 33464291 PMCID: PMC7814352 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
JEM has been a launching pad for scientific careers since its inception. Here is a collection of testimonials attesting to the diversity of the scientific community it serves.
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17
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Balagopalan L, Raychaudhuri K, Samelson LE. Microclusters as T Cell Signaling Hubs: Structure, Kinetics, and Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:608530. [PMID: 33575254 PMCID: PMC7870797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When T cell receptors (TCRs) engage with stimulatory ligands, one of the first microscopically visible events is the formation of microclusters at the site of T cell activation. Since the discovery of these structures almost 20 years ago, they have been studied extensively in live cells using confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. However, due to limits in image resolution and acquisition speed, the spatial relationships of signaling components within microclusters, the kinetics of their assembly and disassembly, and the role of vesicular trafficking in microcluster formation and maintenance were not finely characterized. In this review, we will summarize how new microscopy techniques have revealed novel insights into the assembly of these structures. The sub-diffraction organization of microclusters as well as the finely dissected kinetics of recruitment and disassociation of molecules from microclusters will be discussed. The role of cell surface molecules in microcluster formation and the kinetics of molecular recruitment via intracellular vesicular trafficking to microclusters is described. Finally, the role of post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination in the downregulation of cell surface signaling molecules is also discussed. These results will be related to the role of these structures and processes in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Balagopalan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Bardin S, Goud B. Generating Rab6 Conditional Knockout Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2293:257-263. [PMID: 34453723 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RAB6 GTPase is the most abundant Golgi-associated RAB protein and regulates several transport steps at the level of this organelle. Homozygous Rab6a knockout (k/o) is embryonic lethal in mouse. To study RAB6 function in cell lineages and tissues, we thus generated various conditional Rab6a knockout (k/o) mice using the Cre/lox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bardin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France.
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19
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Abstract
Endocytosis and intracellular retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus are key cellular processes. Endocytosis is directly or indirectly involved in many if not all cellular functions ranging from nutrient uptake and receptor signaling to mitosis, cell division, and migration (Scita, Di Fiore. Nature 463(7280):464-473, 2010; McMahon, Boucrot. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12(8):517-533, 2011). Retrograde trafficking is emerging as a key driver for cell polarity. Robust methods are needed to quantify these processes. At the example of the bacterial Shiga toxin and the endogenous α5β1 integrin, we here describe generic methods to differentiate (1) internalized from cell surface-accessible cargo proteins and (2) endocytic cargo proteins that have reached the Golgi apparatus via the retrograde route from those that have not. The choice of antibodies or natural ligands allows to adjust these methods to virtually any chosen biological system.
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20
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Mastrogiovanni M, Juzans M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V. Coordinating Cytoskeleton and Molecular Traffic in T Cell Migration, Activation, and Effector Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591348. [PMID: 33195256 PMCID: PMC7609836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic localization of receptors and signaling molecules at the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicular compartments is crucial for T lymphocyte sensing environmental cues, triggering membrane receptors, recruiting signaling molecules, and fine-tuning of intracellular signals. The orchestrated action of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and intracellular vesicle traffic plays a key role in all these events that together ensure important steps in T cell physiology. These include extravasation and migration through lymphoid and peripheral tissues, T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells, T cell receptor (TCR) triggering by cognate antigen-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes, immunological synapse formation, cell activation, and effector functions. Cytoskeletal and vesicle traffic dynamics and their interplay are coordinated by a variety of regulatory molecules. Among them, polarity regulators and membrane-cytoskeleton linkers are master controllers of this interplay. Here, we review the various ways the T cell plasma membrane, receptors, and their signaling machinery interplay with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and with intracellular vesicular compartments. We highlight the importance of this fine-tuned crosstalk in three key stages of T cell biology involving cell polarization: T cell migration in response to chemokines, immunological synapse formation in response to antigen cues, and effector functions. Finally, we discuss two examples of perturbation of this interplay in pathological settings, such as HIV-1 infection and mutation of the polarity regulator and tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) that leads to familial polyposis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie Juzans
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Cayre S, Faraldo MM, Bardin S, Miserey-Lenkei S, Deugnier MA, Goud B. RAB6 GTPase regulates mammary secretory function by controlling the activation of STAT5. Development 2020; 147:dev.190744. [PMID: 32895290 PMCID: PMC7561474 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi-associated RAB GTPases, RAB6A and RAB6A', regulate anterograde and retrograde transport pathways from and to the Golgi. In vitro, RAB6A/A' control several cellular functions including cell division, migration, adhesion and polarity. However, their role remains poorly described in vivo Here, we generated BlgCre; Rab6a F/F mice presenting a specific deletion of Rab6a in the mammary luminal secretory lineage during gestation and lactation. Rab6a loss severely impaired the differentiation, maturation and maintenance of the secretory tissue, compromising lactation. The mutant epithelium displayed a decreased activation of STAT5, a key regulator of the lactogenic process primarily governed by prolactin. Data obtained with a mammary epithelial cell line suggested that defective STAT5 activation might originate from a perturbed transport of the prolactin receptor, altering its membrane expression and signaling cascade. Despite the major functional defects observed upon Rab6a deletion, the polarized organization of the mammary epithelial bilayer was preserved. Altogether, our data reveal a crucial role for RAB6A/A' in the lactogenic function of the mammary gland and suggest that the trafficking pathways controlled by RAB6A/A' depend on cell-type specialization and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France .,INSERM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR144, Paris F-75005, France
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22
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Yang L, Liu G, Li X, Xia Z, Wang Y, Lin W, Zhang W, Zhang W, Li X. Small GTPase RAB6 deficiency promotes alveolar progenitor cell renewal and attenuates PM2.5-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:827. [PMID: 33012781 PMCID: PMC7533251 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation of the interstitial lung and extensive deposition of collagen fibers leading to destruction of lung function. Studies have demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of IPF. In order to recover from PM2.5-induced lung injury, alveolar epithelial cells need to be repaired and regenerated to maintain lung function. Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) are stem cells in the adult lung that contribute to the lung repair process through complex signaling. Our previous studies demonstrated that RAB6, a RAS family member lowly expressed in lung cancer, inhibited lung cancer stem cell self-renewal, but it is unclear whether or not and how RAB6 may regulate AEC2 cell proliferation and self-renewal in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we demonstrated that knockout of RAB6 inhibited pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, and AEC2 cell death in PM2.5-injured mice. In addition, knockout of RAB6 decreased Dickkopf 1(DKK1) autocrine and activated proliferation, self-renewal, and wnt/β-catenin signaling of PM2.5-injured AEC2 cells. RAB6 overexpression increased DKK1 autocrine and inhibited proliferation, self-renewal and wnt/β-catenin signaling in AEC2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, DKK1 inhibitors promoted proliferation, self-renewal and wnt/β-catenin signaling of RAB6 overexpressing AEC2 cells, and attenuated PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. These data establish RAB6 as a regulator of DKK1 autocrine and wnt/β-catenin signal that serves to regulate AEC2 cell proliferation and self-renewal, and suggest a mechanism that RAB6 disruption may promote AEC2 cell proliferation and self-renewal to enhance lung repair following PM2.5 injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Tang BL. SNAREs and developmental disorders. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2482-2504. [PMID: 32959907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type-specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18-1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18-2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Shafaq-Zadah M, Dransart E, Johannes L. Clathrin-independent endocytosis, retrograde trafficking, and cell polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:112-121. [PMID: 32688213 PMCID: PMC7588825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms allow for cargo internalization into cells within membrane-bound endocytic carriers. How these internalization processes couple to specific pathways of intracellular distribution remains poorly explored. Here, we review uptake reactions that are independent of the conventional clathrin machinery. We discuss how these link to retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and exemplify biological situations in which the polarized secretion capacity of the Golgi apparatus allows for retrograde cargoes to be delivered to specialized areas of the plasma membrane, such as the leading edge of migratory cells or the immunological synapse of immune cells. We also address the evidence that allows to position apicobasal polarity of epithelial cells in this context. The underlying theme is thereby the functional coupling between specific types of endocytosis to intracellular retrograde trafficking for protein cargoes that need to be localized in a highly polarized and dynamic manner to plasmalemmal subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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25
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LRCH1 deficiency enhances LAT signalosome formation and CD8 + T cell responses against tumors and pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19388-19398. [PMID: 32727906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000970117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play pivotal roles in eradicating pathogens and tumor cells. T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is vital for the optimal activation of CD8+ T cells. Upon TCR engagement, the transmembrane adapter protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) recruits other key signaling molecules and forms the "LAT signalosome" for downstream signal transduction. However, little is known about which functional partners could restrain the formation of the LAT signalosome and inhibit CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we have demonstrated that LRCH1 (leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology domain containing 1) directly binds LAT, reduces LAT phosphorylation and interaction with GRB2, and also promotes the endocytosis of LAT. Lrch1 -/- mice display better protection against influenza virus and Listeria infection, with enhanced CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Adoptive transfer of Lrch1 -/- CD8+ CTLs leads to increased B16-MO5 tumor clearance in vivo. Furthermore, knockout of LRCH1 in human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that recognize the liver tumor-associated antigen glypican-3 could improve CAR T cell migration and proliferation in vitro. These findings suggest LRCH1 as a potential translational target to improve T cell immunotherapy against infection and tumors.
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26
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Garcia E, Ismail S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3283. [PMID: 32384769 PMCID: PMC7247333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a signaling network, not only the functions of molecules are important but when (temporal) and where (spatial) those functions are exerted and orchestrated is what defines the signaling output. To temporally and spatially modulate signaling events, cells generate specialized functional domains with variable lifetime and size that concentrate signaling molecules, enhancing their transduction potential. The plasma membrane is a key in this regulation, as it constitutes a primary signaling hub that integrates signals within and across the membrane. Here, we examine some of the mechanisms that cells exhibit to spatiotemporally regulate signal transduction, focusing on the early events of T cell activation from triggering of T cell receptor to formation and maturation of the immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shehab Ismail
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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27
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Balagopalan L, Malik H, McIntire KM, Garvey JA, Nguyen T, Rodriguez-Peña AB, Samelson LE. Bypassing ubiquitination enables LAT recycling to the cell surface and enhanced signaling in T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229036. [PMID: 32084172 PMCID: PMC7034843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LAT molecules defective in ubiquitination have an increased half-life and induce enhanced signaling when expressed in T cells. In this study, we have examined the role of ubiquitination in regulating LAT endocytosis, recycling, and degradation in resting and stimulated T cells. By tracking and comparing plasma membrane-labeled wild type and ubiquitination-resistant 2KR LAT, we find that ubiquitination promotes the degradation of surface LAT in T cells. Activation of T cells increases LAT ubiquitination and promotes trafficking of internalized LAT to lysosomes for degradation. Ubiquitination of LAT does not change internalization rates from the cell surface, but prevents efficient recycling of LAT to the surface of T cells. Our study demonstrates that surface LAT levels are tightly controlled by ubiquitination. LAT in unstimulated cells lacks ubiquitin allowing for increased LAT stability and efficient T cell activation upon TCR triggering; ubiquitination leads to efficient removal of LAT after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Balagopalan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LB); (LES)
| | - Hiba Malik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. McIntire
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Garvey
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana B. Rodriguez-Peña
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LB); (LES)
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28
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Vaidžiulytė K, Coppey M, Schauer K. Intracellular organization in cell polarity - placing organelles into the polarity loop. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/24/jcs230995. [PMID: 31836687 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the processes that support polarity establishment and maintenance in cells. On the one hand, polarity complexes at the cell cortex and their downstream signaling pathways have been assigned as major regulators of polarity. On the other hand, intracellular organelles and their polarized trafficking routes have emerged as important components of polarity. In this Review, we argue that rather than trying to identify the prime 'culprit', now it is time to consider all these players as a collective. We highlight that understanding the intimate coordination between the polarized cell cortex and the intracellular compass that is defined by organelle positioning is essential to capture the concept of polarity. After briefly reviewing how polarity emerges from a dynamic maintenance of cellular asymmetries, we highlight how intracellular organelles and their associated trafficking routes provide diverse feedback for dynamic cell polarity maintenance. We argue that the asymmetric organelle compass is an indispensable element of the polarity network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Vaidžiulytė
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.,Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mathieu Coppey
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
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29
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Finetti F, Capitani N, Baldari CT. Emerging Roles of the Intraflagellar Transport System in the Orchestration of Cellular Degradation Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:292. [PMID: 31803744 PMCID: PMC6877659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliated cells exploit a specific transport system, the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, to ensure the traffic of molecules from the cell body to the cilium. However, it is now clear that IFT activity is not restricted to cilia-related functions. This is strikingly exemplified by the observation that IFT proteins play important roles in cells lacking a primary cilium, such as lymphocytes. Indeed, in T cells the IFT system regulates the polarized transport of endosome-associated T cell antigen receptors and signaling mediators during assembly of the immune synapse, a specialized interface that forms on encounter with a cognate antigen presenting cell and on which T cell activation and effector function crucially depend. Cellular degradation pathways have recently emerged as new extraciliary functions of the IFT system. IFT proteins have been demonstrated to regulate autophagy in ciliated cells through their ability to recruit the autophagy machinery to the base of the cilium. We have now implicated the IFT component IFT20 in another central degradation process that also controls the latest steps in autophagy, namely lysosome function, by regulating the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR)-dependent lysosomal targeting of acid hydrolases. This involves the ability of IFT20 to act as an adaptor coupling the CI-MPR to dynein for retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network. In this short review we will discuss the emerging roles of IFT proteins in cellular degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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30
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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31
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Saveanu L, Zucchetti AE, Evnouchidou I, Ardouin L, Hivroz C. Is there a place and role for endocyticTCRsignaling? Immunol Rev 2019; 291:57-74. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Saveanu
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Andres E. Zucchetti
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- Inovarion Paris France
| | - Laurence Ardouin
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
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32
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Cassioli C, Baldari CT. A Ciliary View of the Immunological Synapse. Cells 2019; 8:E789. [PMID: 31362462 PMCID: PMC6721628 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium has gone from being a vestigial organelle to a crucial signaling hub of growing interest given the association between a group of human disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies, and defects in its structure or function. In recent years many ciliogenesis proteins have been observed at extraciliary sites in cells and likely perform cilium-independent functions ranging from regulation of the cytoskeleton to vesicular trafficking. Perhaps the most striking example is the non-ciliated T lymphocyte, in which components of the ciliary machinery are repurposed for the assembly and function of the immunological synapse even in the absence of a primary cilium. Furthermore, the specialization traits described at the immunological synapse are similar to those seen in the primary cilium. Here, we review common regulators and features shared by the immunological synapse and the primary cilium that document the remarkable homology between these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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33
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Onnis A, Baldari CT. Orchestration of Immunological Synapse Assembly by Vesicular Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:110. [PMID: 31334230 PMCID: PMC6616304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) by cognate peptide bound to the Major Histocompatibility Complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) leads to the spatial reorganization of the TCR and accessory receptors to form a specialized area of intimate contact between T cell and APC, known as the immunological synapse (IS), where signals are deciphered, coordinated, and integrated to promote T cell activation. With the discovery that an endosomal TCR pool contributes to IS assembly and function by undergoing polarized recycling to the IS, recent years have witnessed a shift from a plasma membrane-centric view of the IS to the vesicular trafficking events that occur at this location following the TCR-dependent translocation of the centrosome toward the synaptic membrane. Here we will summarize our current understanding of the trafficking pathways that are responsible for the steady delivery of endosomal TCRs, kinases, and adapters to the IS to sustain signaling, as well as of the endocytic pathways responsible for signal termination. We will also discuss recent evidence highlighting a role for endosomes in sustaining TCR signaling after its internalization at the IS and identifying the IS as a site of formation and release of extracellular vesicles that allow for transcellular communication with the APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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34
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Zucchetti AE, Bataille L, Carpier JM, Dogniaux S, San Roman-Jouve M, Maurin M, Stuck MW, Rios RM, Baldari CT, Pazour GJ, Hivroz C. Tethering of vesicles to the Golgi by GMAP210 controls LAT delivery to the immune synapse. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31253807 PMCID: PMC6599081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell immune synapse is a site of intense vesicular trafficking. Here we show that the golgin GMAP210, known to capture vesicles and organize membrane traffic at the Golgi, is involved in the vesicular transport of LAT to the immune synapse. Upon activation, more GMAP210 interact with LAT-containing vesicles and go together with LAT to the immune synapse. Regulating LAT recruitment and LAT-dependent signaling, GMAP210 controls T cell activation. Using a rerouting and capture assay, we show that GMAP210 captures VAMP7-decorated vesicles. Overexpressing different domains of GMAP210, we also show that GMAP210 allows their specific delivery to the immune synapse by tethering LAT-vesicles to the Golgi. Finally, in a model of ectopic expression of LAT in ciliated cells, we show that GMAP210 tethering activity controls the delivery of LAT to the cilium. Hence, our results reveal a function for the golgin GMAP210 conveying specific vesicles to the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurence Bataille
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Carpier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stéphanie Dogniaux
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mabel San Roman-Jouve
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michael W Stuck
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rosa M Rios
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, CABIMER-CSIC/US/UPO, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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35
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Torralba D, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sanchez-Madrid F. Mechanisms of polarized cell-cell communication of T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:11-20. [PMID: 30954509 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication comprises a variety of molecular mechanisms that immune cells use to respond appropriately to diverse pathogenic stimuli. T lymphocytes polarize in response to different stimuli, such as cytokines, adhesion to specific ligands and cognate antigens presented in the context of MHC. Polarization takes different shapes, from migratory front-back polarization to the formation of immune synapses (IS). The formation of IS between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell involves early events of receptor-ligand interaction leading to the reorganization of the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton to orchestrate vesicular and endosomal traffic and directed secretion of several types of mediators, including cytokines and nanovesicles. Cell polarization involves the repositioning of many subcellular organelles, including the endosomal compartment, which becomes an effective platform for the shuttling of molecules as vesicular cargoes that lately will be secreted to transfer information to antigen-presenting cells. Overall, the polarized interaction between a T cell and APC modifies the recipient cell in different ways that are likely lineage-dependent, e.g. dendritic cells, B cells or even other T cells. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that mediate the polarization of different membrane receptors, cytoskeletal components and organelles in T cells in a variety of immune contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Torralba
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - N B Martín-Cófreces
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sanchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Abstract
T cells effectively explore the tissue in search for antigens. When activated, they dedicate a big amount of energy and resources to arrange a complex structure called immunological synapse (IS), containing a particular distribution of molecules defined as supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs), and become polarized toward the target cell in a manner that channels the information specifically. This arrangement is symmetrical and requires the polarization of the MTOC and the Golgi to be operational, especially for the proper delivery of lytic granules and the recycling of molecules three dimensionally segregated at the clustered interface. Alternatively, after the productive encounter, T cells need to rearrange again to newly navigate through the tissue, changing back to a motile state called immunological kinapse (IK). In this IK state, the MTOC and the Golgi apparatus are repositioned and recruited at the back of the T cell to facilitate motility, while the established symmetry of the elements of the SMACs is broken and distributed in a different pattern. Both states, IS and IK, are interchangeable and are mainly orchestrated by the MTOC/Golgi complex, being critical for an effective immune response.
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Del Río-Iñiguez I, Vázquez-Chávez E, Cuche C, Di Bartolo V, Bouchet J, Alcover A. HIV-1 Nef Hijacks Lck and Rac1 Endosomal Traffic To Dually Modulate Signaling-Mediated and Actin Cytoskeleton-Mediated T Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2624-2640. [PMID: 30282749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal traffic of TCR and signaling molecules regulates immunological synapse formation and T cell activation. We recently showed that Rab11 endosomes regulate the subcellular localization of the tyrosine kinase Lck and of the GTPase Rac1 and control their functions in TCR signaling and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. HIV-1 infection of T cells alters their endosomal traffic, activation capacity, and actin cytoskeleton organization. The viral protein Nef is pivotal for these modifications. We hypothesized that HIV-1 Nef could jointly alter Lck and Rac1 endosomal traffic and concomitantly modulate their functions. In this study, we show that HIV-1 infection of human T cells sequesters both Lck and Rac1 in a pericentrosomal compartment in an Nef-dependent manner. Strikingly, the Nef-induced Lck compartment contains signaling-competent forms (phosphorylated on key Tyr residues) of Lck and some of its downstream effectors, TCRζ, ZAP70, SLP76, and Vav1, avoiding the proximal LAT adaptor. Importantly, Nef-induced concentration of signaling molecules was concomitant with the upregulation of several early and late T cell activation genes. Moreover, preventing the concentration of the Nef-induced Lck compartment by depleting the Rab11 effector FIP3 counteracted Nef-induced gene expression upregulation. In addition, Nef extensively sequesters Rac1 and downregulates Rac1-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling, thus reducing T cell spreading. Therefore, by modifying their endosomal traffic, Nef hijacks signaling and actin cytoskeleton regulators to dually modulate their functional outputs. Our data shed new light into the molecular mechanisms that modify T cell physiology during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Céline Cuche
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; .,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; .,INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France; and
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