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Zhao C, Zhou X, Shi X. The influence of Nav1.9 channels on intestinal hyperpathia and dysmotility. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2212350. [PMID: 37186898 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2212350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nav1.9 channel is a voltage-gated sodium channel. It plays a vital role in the generation of pain and the formation of neuronal hyperexcitability after inflammation. It is highly expressed in small diameter neurons of dorsal root ganglions and Dogiel II neurons in enteric nervous system. The small diameter neurons in dorsal root ganglions are the primary sensory neurons of pain conduction. Nav1.9 channels also participate in regulating intestinal motility. Functional enhancements of Nav1.9 channels to a certain extent lead to hyperexcitability of small diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. The hyperexcitability of the neurons can cause visceral hyperalgesia. Intestinofugal afferent neurons and intrinsic primary afferent neurons in enteric nervous system belong to Dogiel type II neurons. Their excitability can also be regulated by Nav1.9 channels. The hyperexcitability of intestinofugal afferent neurons abnormally activate entero-enteric inhibitory reflexes. The hyperexcitability of intrinsic primary afferent neurons disturb peristaltic waves by abnormally activating peristaltic reflexes. This review discusses the role of Nav1.9 channels in intestinal hyperpathia and dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Sanchez-Sandoval AL, Hernández-Plata E, Gomora JC. Voltage-gated sodium channels: from roles and mechanisms in the metastatic cell behavior to clinical potential as therapeutic targets. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1206136. [PMID: 37456756 PMCID: PMC10348687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1206136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During the second half of the last century, the prevalent knowledge recognized the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) as the proteins responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. However, over the last 25 years, new non-canonical roles of VGSCs in cancer hallmarks have been uncovered. Their dysregulated expression and activity have been associated with aggressive features and cancer progression towards metastatic stages, suggesting the potential use of VGSCs as cancer markers and prognostic factors. Recent work has elicited essential information about the signalling pathways modulated by these channels: coupling membrane activity to transcriptional regulation pathways, intracellular and extracellular pH regulation, invadopodia maturation, and proteolytic activity. In a promising scenario, the inhibition of VGSCs with FDA-approved drugs as well as with new synthetic compounds, reduces cancer cell invasion in vitro and cancer progression in vivo. The purpose of this review is to present an update regarding recent advances and ongoing efforts to have a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms on the involvement of both pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits of VGSCs in the metastatic processes, with the aim at proposing VGSCs as new oncological markers and targets for anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Sanchez-Sandoval
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de México “Dr Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Hernández-Plata
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías and Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Marchese-Rojas M, Islas ÁA, Mancilla-Simbro C, Millan-PerezPeña L, León JS, Salinas-Stefanon EM. Inhibition of the Human Neuronal Sodium Channel Na v1.9 by Arachidonyl-2-Chloroethylamide, An Analogue of Anandamide in a hNa v1.9/rNa v1.4 Chimera, An Experimental and in Silico Study. Neuroscience 2023; 511:39-52. [PMID: 36156289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids regulate analgesia, which has aroused much interest in identifying new pharmacological therapies in the management of refractory pain. Voltage-gated Na+ channels (Navs) play an important role in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In particular, Nav1.9 is involved in nociception and the understanding of its pharmacology has lagged behind because it is difficult to express in heterologous systems. Here, we utilized the chimeric channel hNav1.9_C4, that comprises the extracellular and transmembrane domains of hNav1.9, co-expressed with the ß1 subunit on CHO-K1 cells to characterize the electrophysiological effects of ACEA, a synthetic surrogate of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. ACEA induced a tonic block, decelerated the fast inactivation, markedly shifted steady-state inactivation in the hyperpolarized direction, decreasing the window current and showed use-dependent block, with a high affinity for the inactivated state (ki = 0.84 µM). Thus, we argue that ACEA possess a local anaesthetic-like profile. To provide a mechanistic understanding of its mode of action at the molecular level, we combined induced fit docking with Monte Carlo simulations and electrostatic complementarity. In agreement with the experimental evidence, our computer simulations revealed that ACEA binds Tyr1599 of the local anaesthetics binding site of the hNav1.9, contacting residues that bind cannabinol (CBD) in the NavMs channel. ACEA adopted a conformation remarkably similar to the crystallographic conformation of anandamide on a non-homologous protein, obstructing the Na+ permeation pathway below the selectivity filter to occupy a highly conserved binding pocket at the intracellular side. These results describe a mechanism of action, possibly involved in cannabinoid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marchese-Rojas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ángel A Islas
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Laboratory of Computational Molecular Simulations, Department of Pharmacy, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Mancilla-Simbro
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge S León
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
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Oxytocin-Modulated Ion Channel Ensemble Controls Depolarization, Integration and Burst Firing in CA2 Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7707-7720. [PMID: 36414006 PMCID: PMC9581561 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0921-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) and OXT receptor (OXTR)-mediated signaling control excitability, firing patterns, and plasticity of hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons, which are pivotal in generation of brain oscillations and social memory. Nonetheless, the ionic mechanisms underlying OXTR-induced effects in CA2 neurons are not fully understood. Using slice physiology in a reporter mouse line and interleaved current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments, we systematically identified the ion channels modulated by OXT signaling in CA2 pyramidal cells (PYRs) in mice of both sexes and explored how changes in channel conductance support altered electrical activity. Activation of OXTRs inhibits an outward potassium current mediated by inward rectifier potassium channels (I Kir) and thus favoring membrane depolarization. Concomitantly, OXT signaling also diminishes inward current mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels (I h), providing a hyperpolarizing drive. The combined reduction in both I Kir and I h synergistically elevate the membrane resistance and favor dendritic integration while the membrane potential is restrained from quickly depolarizing from rest. As a result, the responsiveness of CA2 PYRs to synaptic inputs is highly sharpened during OXTR activation. Unexpectedly, OXTR signaling also strongly enhances a tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R), voltage-gated sodium current that helps drive the membrane potential to spike threshold and thus promote rhythmic firing. This novel array of OXTR-stimulated ionic mechanisms operates in close coordination and underpins OXT-induced burst firing, a key step in CA2 PYRs' contribution to hippocampal information processing and broader influence on brain circuitry. Our study deepens our understanding of underpinnings of OXT-promoted social memory and general neuropeptidergic control of cognitive states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oxytocin (OXT) plays key roles in reproduction, parenting and social and emotional behavior, and deficiency in OXT receptor (OXTR) signaling may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders. We identified a novel array of OXTR-modulated ion channels that operate in close coordination to retune hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons, enhancing responsiveness to synaptic inputs and sculpting output. OXTR signaling inhibits both potassium conductance (I Kir) and mixed cation conductance (I h), engaging opposing influences on membrane potential, stabilizing it while synergistically elevating membrane resistance and electrotonic spread. OXT signaling also facilitates a tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ current, not previously described in hippocampus (HP), engaged on further depolarization. This TTX-R current lowers the spike threshold and supports rhythmic depolarization and burst firing, a potent driver of downstream circuitry.
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Sukhanova KY, Koirala A, Elmslie KS. Na V1.9 current in muscle afferent neurons is enhanced by substances released during muscle activity. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:739-750. [PMID: 36043704 PMCID: PMC9512110 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00116.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction triggers the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) to regulate the cardiovascular system response to exercise. During muscle contraction, substances are released that generate action potential activity in group III and IV afferents that mediate the EPR. Some of these substances increase afferent activity via G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We were interested in determining if tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-dependent sodium channels (NaV) were involved and investigated the effect of a mixture of such compounds (bradykinin, prostaglandin, norepinephrine, and ATP, called muscle metabolites). Using whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, we show that the muscle metabolites significantly increased TTX-R NaV currents. The rise time of this enhancement averaged ∼2 min, which suggests the involvement of a diffusible second messenger pathway. The effect of muscle metabolites on the current-voltage relationship, channel activation and inactivation kinetics support NaV1.9 channels as the target for this enhancement. When applied individually at the concentration used in the mixture, only prostaglandin and bradykinin significantly enhanced NaV current, but the sum of these enhancements was <1/3 that observed when the muscle metabolites were applied together. This suggests synergism between the activated GPCRs to enhance NaV1.9 current. When applied at a higher concentration, all four substances could enhance the current, which demonstrates that the GPCRs activated by each metabolite can enhance channel activity. The enhancement of NaV1.9 channel activity is a likely mechanism by which GPCR activation increases action potential activity in afferents generating the EPR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation increases action potential activity in muscle afferents to produce the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We provide evidence that NaV1.9 current is synergistically enhanced by application of a mixture of metabolites potentially released during muscle contraction. The enhancement of NaV1.9 current is likely one mechanism by which GPCR activation generates the EPR and the inappropriate activation of the EPR in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Yu Sukhanova
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Ankeeta Koirala
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Keith S Elmslie
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
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Feher A, Pócsi M, Papp F, Szanto TG, Csoti A, Fejes Z, Nagy B, Nemes B, Varga Z. Functional Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Are Present in the Human B Cell Membrane. Cells 2022; 11:1225. [PMID: 35406789 PMCID: PMC8998058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells express various ion channels, but the presence of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels has not been confirmed in the plasma membrane yet. In this study, we have identified several NaV channels, which are expressed in the human B cell membrane, by electrophysiological and molecular biology methods. The sensitivity of the detected sodium current to tetrodotoxin was between the values published for TTX-sensitive and TTX-insensitive channels, which suggests the co-existence of multiple NaV1 subtypes in the B cell membrane. This was confirmed by RT-qPCR results, which showed high expression of TTX-sensitive channels along with the lower expression of TTX-insensitive NaV1 channels. The biophysical characteristics of the currents also supported the expression of multiple NaV channels. In addition, we investigated the potential functional role of NaV channels by membrane potential measurements. Removal of Na+ from the extracellular solution caused a reversible hyperpolarization, supporting the role of NaV channels in shaping and maintaining the resting membrane potential. As this study was mainly limited to electrophysiological properties, we cannot exclude the possible non-canonical functions of these channels. This work concludes that the presence of voltage-gated sodium channels in the plasma membrane of human B cells should be recognized and accounted for in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Feher
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (F.P.); (T.G.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Marianna Pócsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.P.); (Z.F.); (B.N.J.)
| | - Ferenc Papp
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (F.P.); (T.G.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Tibor G. Szanto
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (F.P.); (T.G.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Agota Csoti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (F.P.); (T.G.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.P.); (Z.F.); (B.N.J.)
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.P.); (Z.F.); (B.N.J.)
| | - Balázs Nemes
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (F.P.); (T.G.S.); (A.C.)
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Ma T, Li L, Chen R, Yang L, Sun H, Du S, Xu X, Cao Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shi X, Liu JY. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 modulates neuronal excitability by interacting with NaV1.9. Pain 2022; 163:753-764. [PMID: 34326297 PMCID: PMC8929296 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human NaV1.9 (hNaV1.9), encoded by SCN11A, is preferentially expressed in nociceptors, and its mutations have been linked to pain disorders. NaV1.9 could be a promising drug target for pain relief. However, the modulation of NaV1.9 activity has remained elusive. Here, we identified a new candidate NaV1.9-interacting partner, protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7). Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings showed that coelectroporation of human SCN11A and PRMT7 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of Scn11a-/- mice increased the hNaV1.9 current density. By contrast, a PRMT7 inhibitor (DS-437) reduced mNaV1.9 currents in Scn11a+/+ mice. Using the reporter molecule CD4, we observed an increased distribution of hLoop1 on the cell surface of PRMT7-overexpressing HKE293T cells. Furthermore, we found that PRMT7 mainly binds to residues 563 to 566 within the first intracellular loop of hNaV1.9 (hLoop1) and methylates hLoop1 at arginine residue 519. Moreover, overexpression of PRMT7 increased the number of action potential fired in DRG neurons of Scn11a+/+ mice but not Scn11a-/- mice. However, DS-437 significantly inhibited the action potential frequency of DRG neurons and relieved pain hypersensitivity in Scn11aA796G/A796G mice. In summary, our observations revealed that PRMT7 modulates neuronal excitability by regulating NaV1.9 currents, which may provide a potential method for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbin Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyue Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yu Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Haberberger RV, Barry C, Matusica D. Immortalized Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Cell Lines. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:184. [PMID: 32636736 PMCID: PMC7319018 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most significant causes of suffering and disability world-wide, and arguably the most burdensome global health challenge. The growing number of patients suffering from chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, migraine and irritable bowel syndrome, not only reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of pain types, but also our lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have emerged as viable targets for effective chronic pain therapy. However, DRG's contain different classes of primary sensory neurons including pain-associated nociceptive neurons, non-nociceptive temperature sensing, mechanosensory and chemoreceptive neurons, as well as multiple types of immune and endothelial cells. This cell-population heterogeneity makes investigations of individual subgroups of DRG neurons, such as nociceptors, difficult. In attempts to overcome some of these difficulties, a limited number of immortalized DRG-derived cell lines have been generated over the past few decades. In vitro experiments using DRG-derived cell lines have been useful in understanding sensory neuron function. In addition to retaining phenotypic similarities to primary cultured DRG neurons, these cells offer greater suitability for high throughput assays due to ease of culture, maintenance, growth efficiency and cost-effectiveness. For accurate interpretation and translation of results it is critical, however, that phenotypic similarities and differences of DRG-derived cells lines are methodically compared to native neurons. Published reports to date show notable variability in how these DRG-derived cells are maintained and differentiated. Understanding the cellular and molecular differences stemming from different culture methods, is essential to validate past and future experiments, and enable these cells to be used to their full potential. This review describes currently available DRG-derived cell lines, their known sensory and nociceptor specific molecular profiles, and summarize their morphological features related to differentiation and neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Viktor Haberberger
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Barry
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Anatomy & Histology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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The role of Nav1.7 in human nociceptors: insights from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons of erythromelalgia patients. Pain 2020; 160:1327-1341. [PMID: 30720580 PMCID: PMC6554007 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Human sodium channel NaV1.7 in induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons sets the action potential threshold but does not support subthreshold depolarizations. The chronic pain syndrome inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) is attributed to mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) 1.7. Still, recent studies targeting NaV1.7 in clinical trials have provided conflicting results. Here, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells from IEM patients with the NaV1.7/I848T mutation into sensory nociceptors. Action potentials in these IEM nociceptors displayed a decreased firing threshold, an enhanced upstroke, and afterhyperpolarization, all of which may explain the increased pain experienced by patients. Subsequently, we investigated the voltage dependence of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV activation in these human sensory neurons using a specific prepulse voltage protocol. The IEM mutation induced a hyperpolarizing shift of NaV activation, which leads to activation of NaV1.7 at more negative potentials. Our results indicate that NaV1.7 is not active during subthreshold depolarizations, but that its activity defines the action potential threshold and contributes significantly to the action potential upstroke. Thus, our model system with induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons provides a new rationale for NaV1.7 function and promises to be valuable as a translational tool to profile and develop more efficacious clinical analgesics.
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11
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Sizova DV, Huang J, Akin EJ, Estacion M, Gomis-Perez C, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. A 49-residue sequence motif in the C terminus of Nav1.9 regulates trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Sizova DV, Huang J, Akin EJ, Estacion M, Gomis-Perez C, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. A 49-residue sequence motif in the C terminus of Nav1.9 regulates trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1077-1090. [PMID: 31822564 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and functional studies have confirmed an important role for the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.9 in human pain disorders. However, low functional expression of Nav1.9 in heterologous systems (e.g. in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells) has hampered studies of its biophysical and pharmacological properties and the development of high-throughput assays for drug development targeting this channel. The mechanistic basis for the low level of Nav1.9 currents in heterologous expression systems is not understood. Here, we implemented a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the mechanisms that govern functional Nav1.9 expression. Recombinant expression of a series of Nav1.9-Nav1.7 C-terminal chimeras in HEK293 cells identified a 49-amino-acid-long motif in the C terminus of the two channels that regulates expression levels of these chimeras. We confirmed the critical role of this motif in the context of a full-length channel chimera, Nav1.9-Ct49aaNav1.7, which displayed significantly increased current density in HEK293 cells while largely retaining the characteristic Nav1.9-gating properties. High-resolution live microscopy indicated that the newly identified C-terminal motif dramatically increases the number of channels on the plasma membrane of HEK293 cells. Molecular modeling results suggested that this motif is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the folded C terminus, where it might interact with other channel partners. These findings reveal that a 49-residue-long motif in Nav1.9 regulates channel trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Sizova
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Jianying Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Elizabeth J Akin
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Mark Estacion
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Carolina Gomis-Perez
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 .,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 .,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
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Lee J, Kim S, Kim HM, Kim HJ, Yu FH. NaV1.6 and NaV1.7 channels are major endogenous voltage-gated sodium channels in ND7/23 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221156. [PMID: 31419255 PMCID: PMC6697327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ND7/23 cells are gaining traction as a host model to express peripheral sodium channels such as NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 that have been difficult to express in widely utilized heterologous cells, like CHO and HEK293. Use of ND7/23 as a model cell to characterize the properties of sodium channels requires clear understanding of the endogenous ion channels. To define the nature of the background sodium currents in ND7/23 cells, we aimed to comprehensively profile the voltage-gated sodium channel subunits by endpoint and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and by whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. We found that untransfected ND7/23 cells express endogenous peak sodium currents that average -2.12nA (n = 15) and with kinetics typical of fast sodium currents having activation and inactivation completed within few milliseconds. Furthermore, sodium currents were reduced to virtually nil upon exposure to 100nM tetrodotoxin, indicating that ND7/23 cells have essentially null background for tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) currents. qRT-PCR profiling indicated a major expression of TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) NaV1.6 and NaV1.7 at similar levels and very low expression of TTX-R NaV1.9 transcripts. There was no expression of TTX-R NaV1.8 in ND7/23 cells. There was low expression of NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3 and no expression of cardiac or skeletal muscle sodium channels. As for the sodium channel auxiliary subunits, β1 and β3 subunits were expressed, but not the β2 and β4 subunits that covalently associate with the α-subunits. In addition, our results also showed that only the mouse forms of NaV1.6, NaV1.7 and NaV1.9 sodium channels were expressed in ND7/23 cells that was originally generated as a hybridoma of rat embryonic DRG and mouse neuroblastoma cell-line. By molecular profiling of auxiliary β- and principal α-subunits of the voltage gated sodium channel complex, our results define the background sodium channels expressed in ND7/23 cells, and confirm their utility for detailed functional studies of emerging pain channelopathies ascribed to mutations of the TTX-R sodium channels of sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Program in Neurobiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Program in Neurobiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-mi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Program in Neurobiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Program in Neurobiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank H. Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Program in Neurobiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bennett DL, Clark AJ, Huang J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Pain Signaling. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1079-1151. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain signaling has a key protective role and is highly evolutionarily conserved. Chronic pain, however, is maladaptive, occurring as a consequence of injury and disease, and is associated with sensitization of the somatosensory nervous system. Primary sensory neurons are involved in both of these processes, and the recent advances in understanding sensory transduction and human genetics are the focus of this review. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important determinants of sensory neuron excitability: they are essential for the initial transduction of sensory stimuli, the electrogenesis of the action potential, and neurotransmitter release from sensory neuron terminals. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are all expressed by adult sensory neurons. The biophysical characteristics of these channels, as well as their unique expression patterns within subtypes of sensory neurons, define their functional role in pain signaling. Changes in the expression of VGSCs, as well as posttranslational modifications, contribute to the sensitization of sensory neurons in chronic pain states. Furthermore, gene variants in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 have now been linked to human Mendelian pain disorders and more recently to common pain disorders such as small-fiber neuropathy. Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population. Given the poor efficacy of current analgesics, the selective expression of particular VGSCs in sensory neurons makes these attractive targets for drug discovery. The increasing availability of gene sequencing, combined with structural modeling and electrophysiological analysis of gene variants, also provides the opportunity to better target existing therapies in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alex J. Clark
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianying Huang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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15
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16
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Touska F, Turnquist B, Vlachova V, Reeh PW, Leffler A, Zimmermann K. Heat-resistant action potentials require TTX-resistant sodium channels Na V1.8 and Na V1.9. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1125-1144. [PMID: 29970412 PMCID: PMC6080895 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptors prevent damage by being able to detect and transmit noxious stimuli, such as hot temperatures. Touska et al. show that the TTX-resistant NaV channels, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9, are required for heat-resistant nociceptors to encode noxious heat and that the current through NaV1.9 increases at higher temperatures. Damage-sensing nociceptors in the skin provide an indispensable protective function thanks to their specialized ability to detect and transmit hot temperatures that would block or inflict irreversible damage in other mammalian neurons. Here we show that the exceptional capacity of skin C-fiber nociceptors to encode noxiously hot temperatures depends on two tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel α-subunits: NaV1.8 and NaV1.9. We demonstrate that NaV1.9, which is commonly considered an amplifier of subthreshold depolarizations at 20°C, undergoes a large gain of function when temperatures rise to the pain threshold. We also show that this gain of function renders NaV1.9 capable of generating action potentials with a clear inflection point and positive overshoot. In the skin, heat-resistant nociceptors appear as two distinct types with unique and possibly specialized features: one is blocked by TTX and relies on NaV1.9, and the second type is insensitive to TTX and composed of both NaV1.8 and NaV1.9. Independent of rapidly gated TTX-sensitive NaV channels that form the action potential at pain threshold, NaV1.8 is required in all heat-resistant nociceptors to encode temperatures higher than ∼46°C, whereas NaV1.9 is crucial for shaping the action potential upstroke and keeping the NaV1.8 voltage threshold within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Touska
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Turnquist
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Marler TL, Wright AB, Elmslie KL, Heier AK, Remily E, Kim-Han JS, Ramachandra R, Elmslie KS. Na V1.9 channels in muscle afferent neurons and axons. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1032-1044. [PMID: 29847236 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00573.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is activated by muscle contractions to increase heart rate and blood pressure during exercise. While this reflex is beneficial in healthy individuals, the reflex activity is exaggerated in patients with cardiovascular disease, which is associated with increased mortality. Group III and IV afferents mediate the EPR and have been shown to express both tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7) and -resistant (TTX-R, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9) voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, but NaV1.9 current has not yet been demonstrated. Using a F--containing internal solution, we found a NaV current in muscle afferent neurons that activates at around -70 mV with slow activation and inactivation kinetics, as expected from NaV1.9 current. However, this current ran down with time, which resulted, at least in part, from increased steady-state inactivation since it was slowed by both holding potential hyperpolarization and a depolarized shift of the gating properties. We further show that, following NaV1.9 current rundown (internal F-), application of the NaV1.8 channel blocker A803467 inhibited significantly more TTX-R current than we had previously observed (internal Cl-), which suggests that NaV1.9 current did not rundown with that internal solution. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the majority of group IV somata and axons were NaV1.9 positive. The majority of small diameter myelinated afferent somata (putative group III) were also NaV1.9 positive, but myelinated muscle afferent axons were rarely labeled. The presence of NaV1.9 channels in muscle afferents supports a role for these channels in activation and maintenance of the EPR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Small diameter muscle afferents signal pain and muscle activity levels. The muscle activity signals drive the cardiovascular system to increase muscle blood flow, but these signals can become exaggerated in cardiovascular disease to exacerbate cardiac damage. The voltage-dependent sodium channel NaV1.9 plays a unique role in controlling afferent excitability. We show that NaV1.9 channels are expressed in muscle afferents, which supports these channels as a target for drug development to control hyperactivity of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Marler
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Andrew B Wright
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Kristina L Elmslie
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Ankeeta K Heier
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Ethan Remily
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Jeong Sook Kim-Han
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Renuka Ramachandra
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Keith S Elmslie
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
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18
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Shah S, Gamper N. Fat nerves keep pain at bay. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899231. [DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Shah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
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19
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Foadi N. Modulation of sodium channels as pharmacological tool for pain therapy-highlights and gaps. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:481-488. [PMID: 29572558 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are crucially involved in the transduction and transmission of nociceptive signals and pathological pain states. In the past decades, a lot of effort has been spent examining and characterizing biophysical properties of the different sodium channels and their role in signaling pathways. Several gains of function mutations of the sodium channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are associated with pain disorders. Due to their critical role in nociceptive pathways voltage-gated sodium channels are regarded interesting targets for pharmacological pain treatment. However we still need to fill the gap that exists in the translation of efficacy in preclinical in vitro experiments and in models of pain into the clinic. This review summarizes biological and electrophysiological properties of voltage-gated sodium channels and aims to discuss limitations and promising pharmacological strategies in sodium channel research in the context of pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Foadi
- Clinic for Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Erickson A, Deiteren A, Harrington AM, Garcia‐Caraballo S, Castro J, Caldwell A, Grundy L, Brierley SM. Voltage-gated sodium channels: (Na V )igating the field to determine their contribution to visceral nociception. J Physiol 2018; 596:785-807. [PMID: 29318638 PMCID: PMC5830430 DOI: 10.1113/jp273461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain, altered motility and bladder dysfunction are common, yet poorly managed symptoms of functional and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Recently, numerous human channelopathies of the voltage-gated sodium (NaV ) channel family have been identified, which induce either painful neuropathies, an insensitivity to pain, or alterations in smooth muscle function. The identification of these disorders, in addition to the recent utilisation of genetically modified NaV mice and specific NaV channel modulators, has shed new light on how NaV channels contribute to the function of neuronal and non-neuronal tissues within the gastrointestinal tract and bladder. Here we review the current pre-clinical and clinical evidence to reveal how the nine NaV channel family members (NaV 1.1-NaV 1.9) contribute to abdominal visceral function in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andelain Erickson
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Annemie Deiteren
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Andrea M. Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia‐Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Ashlee Caldwell
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)North TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia
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21
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Wu Y, Ma H, Zhang F, Zhang C, Zou X, Cao Z. Selective Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Peptide Toxins from Animal Venom: Pharmacological Probes and Analgesic Drug Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:187-197. [PMID: 29161016 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play critical roles in action potential generation and propagation. Nav channelopathy as well as pathological sensitization contribute to allodynia and hyperalgesia. Recent evidence has demonstrated the significant roles of Nav subtypes (Nav1.3, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9) in nociceptive transduction, and therefore these Navs may represent attractive targets for analgesic drug discovery. Animal toxins are structurally diverse peptides that are highly potent yet selective on ion channel subtypes and therefore represent valuable probes to elucidate the structures, gating properties, and cellular functions of ion channels. In this review, we summarize recent advances on peptide toxins from animal venom that selectively target Nav1.3, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9, along with their potential in analgesic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation
and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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22
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Amsalem M, Poilbout C, Ferracci G, Delmas P, Padilla F. Membrane cholesterol depletion as a trigger of Nav1.9 channel-mediated inflammatory pain. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797349. [PMID: 29459435 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major lipid component of the mammalian plasma membrane. While much is known about its metabolism, its transport, and its role in atherosclerotic vascular disease, less is known about its role in neuronal pathophysiology. This study reveals an unexpected function of cholesterol in controlling pain transmission. We show that inflammation lowers cholesterol content in skin tissue and sensory DRG culture. Pharmacological depletion of cellular cholesterol entails sensitization of nociceptive neurons and promotes mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia through the activation of voltage-gated Nav1.9 channels. Inflammatory mediators enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and induce partitioning of Nav1.9 channels from cholesterol-rich lipid rafts to cholesterol-poor non-raft regions of the membrane. Low-cholesterol environment enhances voltage-dependent activation of Nav1.9 channels leading to enhanced neuronal excitability, whereas cholesterol replenishment reversed these effects. Consistently, we show that transcutaneous delivery of cholesterol alleviates hypersensitivity in animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. In conclusion, our data establish that membrane cholesterol is a modulator of pain transmission and shed a new light on the relationship between cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Amsalem
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive (LNC) UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Corinne Poilbout
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive (LNC) UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Géraldine Ferracci
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive (LNC) UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrick Delmas
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive (LNC) UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Francoise Padilla
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive (LNC) UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille Cedex 3, France
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23
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Martin C, Stoffer C, Mohammadi M, Hugo J, Leipold E, Oehler B, Rittner HL, Blum R. Na V1.9 Potentiates Oxidized Phospholipid-Induced TRP Responses Only under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:7. [PMID: 29410612 PMCID: PMC5787077 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) like oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) were recently identified as novel proalgesic targets in acute and chronic inflammatory pain. These endogenous chemical irritants are generated in inflamed tissue and mediate their pain-inducing function by activating the transient receptor potential channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 expressed in sensory neurons. Notably, prototypical therapeutics interfering with OxPL were shown to inhibit TRP channel activation and pain behavior. Here, we asked how OxPL excite primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG neurons from mice of either sex). Acute stimulation of sensory neurons with the prototypical OxPL 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) evoked repetitive calcium spikes in small-diameter neurons. As NaV1.9, a voltage-gated sodium channel involved in nociceptor excitability, was previously shown to be essential for the generation of calcium spikes in motoneurons, we asked if this channel is also important for OxPL mediated calcium spike and action potential generation in nociceptors. In wild-type and NaV1.9-deficient neurons, the action potential firing rate and the calcium spike frequency to an acute PGPC stimulus was similar. When preincubated with inflammatory mediators, both, the action potential firing rate and the calcium spike frequency were markedly increased in response to an acute PGPC stimulus. However, this potentiating effect was completely lost in NaV1.9-deficient small-diameter neurons. After treatment with inflammatory mediators, the resting membrane potential of NaV1.9 KO neurons was slightly more negative than that of wild-type control neurons. This suggests that NaV1.9 channels are active under this condition and therefore increases the ease with which action potentials are elicited after OxPL stimulation. In summary, our data suggest that NaV1.9 has a switch function to potentiate the receptor potentials induced by OxPL under inflammatory conditions. Since human NaV1.9 has been shown to mediate painful and painless channelopathies, this study provides new insights into the mechanism by which NaV1.9 amplifies stimuli of endogenous irritants under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Martin
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Stoffer
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hugo
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enrico Leipold
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Beatrice Oehler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Translational Model Systems for Complex Sodium Channel Pathophysiology in Pain. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 246:355-369. [PMID: 29374838 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain patients are often left with insufficient treatment as the pathophysiology especially of neuropathic pain remains enigmatic. Recently, genetic variations in the genes of the voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) were linked to inherited neuropathic pain syndromes, opening a research pathway to foster our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. More than 10 years ago, the rare, inherited pain syndrome erythromelalgia was linked to mutations in the subtype Nav1.7, and since then a plethora of mutations and genetic variations in this and other Nav genes were identified. Often the biophysical changes induced by the genetic alteration offer a straightforward explanation for the clinical symptoms, but mutations in some channels, especially Nav1.9, paint a more complex picture. Although efforts were undertaken to significantly advance our knowledge, translation from heterologous or animal model systems to humans remains a challenge. Here we present recent advances in translation using stem cell-derived human sensory neurons and their potential application for identification of better, effective, and more precise treatment for the individual pain patient.
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25
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Zhou X, Xiao Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Tang D, Wu X, Tang C, Chen M, Shi X, Chen P, Liang S, Liu Z. Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Analyses of Na v1.9 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel by Establishing a Heterologous Expression System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:852. [PMID: 29213238 PMCID: PMC5702848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1. 9 voltage-gated sodium channel is preferentially expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons. Recent progresses have proved its role in pain sensation, but our understanding of Nav1.9, in general, has lagged behind because of limitations in heterologous expression in mammal cells. In this work, functional expression of human Nav1.9 (hNav1.9) was achieved by fusing GFP to the C-terminal of hNav1.9 in ND7/23 cells, which has been proved to be a reliable method to the electrophysiological and pharmacological studies of hNav1.9. By using the hNav1.9 expression system, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of four mutations of hNav1.9 (K419N, A582T, A842P, and F1689L), whose electrophysiological functions have not been determined yet. The four mutations significantly caused positive shift of the steady-state fast inactivation and therefore increased hNav1.9 activity, consistent with the phenotype of painful peripheral neuropathy. Meanwhile, the effects of inflammatory mediators on hNav1.9 were also investigated. Impressively, histamine was found for the first time to enhance hNav1.9 activity, indicating its vital role in hNav1.9 modulating inflammatory pain. Taken together, our research provided a useful platform for hNav1.9 studies and new insight into mechanism of hNav1.9 linking to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Songping Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Painful stimuli are detected by specialized neurons, nociceptors, and are translated into action potentials, that are conducted along afferent pathways into the central nervous system, where they are conceived as pain. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV channels) are of paramount importance for nociceptor function, as they are responsible for the generation of action potentials and for their directed propagation. The exceptional role of sodium channel subtypes NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 in the transmission of nociceptive signals has been emphasized by a variety of studies that associated genetically-induced malfunction of these channels with various pain diseases. In the following, structure and function of subtypes NaV1.7, NaV1.8 und NaV1.9 are briefly reviewed, associated pain diseases are introduced and current and future NaV-based strategies for the treatment of pain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck , Germany , Phone: +49 451 50040701, Fax: +49 451 50040704
| | - Enrico Leipold
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Hans-Knoell-St. 2, 07745 Jena , Germany , Phone: +49 3641 9395654, Fax: +49 3641 9395652
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27
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Balbi P, Massobrio P, Hellgren Kotaleski J. A single Markov-type kinetic model accounting for the macroscopic currents of all human voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005737. [PMID: 28863150 PMCID: PMC5599066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling ionic channels represents a fundamental step towards developing biologically detailed neuron models. Until recently, the voltage-gated ion channels have been mainly modelled according to the formalism introduced by the seminal works of Hodgkin and Huxley (HH). However, following the continuing achievements in the biophysical and molecular comprehension of these pore-forming transmembrane proteins, the HH formalism turned out to carry limitations and inconsistencies in reproducing the ion-channels electrophysiological behaviour. At the same time, Markov-type kinetic models have been increasingly proven to successfully replicate both the electrophysiological and biophysical features of different ion channels. However, in order to model even the finest non-conducting molecular conformational change, they are often equipped with a considerable number of states and related transitions, which make them computationally heavy and less suitable for implementation in conductance-based neurons and large networks of those. In this purely modelling study we develop a Markov-type kinetic model for all human voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). The model framework is detailed, unifying (i.e., it accounts for all ion-channel isoforms) and computationally efficient (i.e. with a minimal set of states and transitions). The electrophysiological data to be modelled are gathered from previously published studies on whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in mammalian cell lines heterologously expressing the human VGSC subtypes (from NaV1.1 to NaV1.9). By adopting a minimum sequence of states, and using the same state diagram for all the distinct isoforms, the model ensures the lightest computational load when used in neuron models and neural networks of increasing complexity. The transitions between the states are described by original ordinary differential equations, which represent the rate of the state transitions as a function of voltage (i.e., membrane potential). The kinetic model, developed in the NEURON simulation environment, appears to be the simplest and most parsimonious way for a detailed phenomenological description of the human VGSCs electrophysiological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Balbi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Pavia via Boezio IRCCS, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Massobrio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Computational Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Gi-DREADD Expression in Peripheral Nerves Produces Ligand-Dependent Analgesia, as well as Ligand-Independent Functional Changes in Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10769-10781. [PMID: 27798132 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3480-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are an advanced experimental tool that could potentially provide a novel approach to pain management. In particular, expression of an inhibitory (Gi-coupled) DREADD in nociceptors might enable ligand-dependent analgesia. To test this possibility, TRPV1-cre mice were used to restrict expression of Gi-DREADDs to predominantly C-fibers. Whereas baseline heat thresholds in both male and female mice expressing Gi-DREADD were normal, 1 mg/kg clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) produced a significant 3 h increase in heat threshold that returned to baseline by 5 h after injection. Consistent with these behavioral results, CNO decreased action potential firing in isolated sensory neurons from Gi-DREADD mice. Unexpectedly, however, the expression of Gi-DREADD in sensory neurons caused significant changes in voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ currents in the absence of CNO, as well as an increase in Na+ channel (NaV1.7) expression. Furthermore, CNO-independent excitatory and inhibitory second-messenger signaling was also altered in these mice, which was associated with a decrease in the analgesic effect of endogenous inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor activation. These results highlight the potential of this exciting technology, but also its limitations, and that it is essential to identify the underlying mechanisms for any observed behavioral phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT DREADD technology is a powerful tool enabling manipulation of activity and/or transmitter release from targeted cell populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibitory DREADDs in nociceptive afferents could be used to produce analgesia, and if so, how. DREADD activation produced a ligand-dependent analgesia to heat in vivo and a decrease in neuronal firing at the single-cell level. However, we observed that expression of Gi-DREADD also causes ligand-independent changes in ion channel activity and second-messenger signaling. These findings highlight both the potential and the limitations of this exciting technology as well as the necessity to identify the mechanisms underlying any observed phenotype.
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29
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Zhang H, Cohen AE. Optogenetic Approaches to Drug Discovery in Neuroscience and Beyond. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:625-639. [PMID: 28552428 PMCID: PMC5495001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in optogenetics have opened new routes to drug discovery, particularly in neuroscience. Physiological cellular assays probe functional phenotypes that connect genomic data to patient health. Optogenetic tools, in particular tools for all-optical electrophysiology, now provide a means to probe cellular disease models with unprecedented throughput and information content. These techniques promise to identify functional phenotypes associated with disease states and to identify compounds that improve cellular function regardless of whether the compound acts directly on a target or through a bypass mechanism. This review discusses opportunities and unresolved challenges in applying optogenetic techniques throughout the discovery pipeline - from target identification and validation, to target-based and phenotypic screens, to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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30
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Huang J, Vanoye CG, Cutts A, Goldberg YP, Dib-Hajj SD, Cohen CJ, Waxman SG, George AL. Sodium channel NaV1.9 mutations associated with insensitivity to pain dampen neuronal excitability. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2805-2814. [PMID: 28530638 DOI: 10.1172/jci92373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) mutations cause genetic pain disorders that range from severe paroxysmal pain to a congenital inability to sense pain. Previous studies on NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 established clear relationships between perturbations in channel function and divergent clinical phenotypes. By contrast, studies of NaV1.9 mutations have not revealed a clear relationship of channel dysfunction with the associated and contrasting clinical phenotypes. Here, we have elucidated the functional consequences of a NaV1.9 mutation (L1302F) that is associated with insensitivity to pain. We investigated the effects of L1302F and a previously reported mutation (L811P) on neuronal excitability. In transfected heterologous cells, the L1302F mutation caused a large hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of activation, leading to substantially enhanced overlap between activation and steady-state inactivation relationships. In transfected small rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, expression of L1302F and L811P evoked large depolarizations of the resting membrane potential and impaired action potential generation. Therefore, our findings implicate a cellular loss of function as the basis for impaired pain sensation. We further demonstrated that a U-shaped relationship between the resting potential and the neuronal action potential threshold explains why NaV1.9 mutations that evoke small degrees of membrane depolarization cause hyperexcitability and familial episodic pain disorder or painful neuropathy, while mutations evoking larger membrane depolarizations cause hypoexcitability and insensitivity to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Huang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alison Cutts
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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31
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Rogers M, Zidar N, Kikelj D, Kirby RW. Characterization of Endogenous Sodium Channels in the ND7-23 Neuroblastoma Cell Line: Implications for Use as a Heterologous Ion Channel Expression System Suitable for Automated Patch Clamp Screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:109-30. [PMID: 26991361 PMCID: PMC4800267 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent neuroblastoma cell line, ND7-23, is used to express voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) and other neuronal ion channels resistant to heterologous expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Their advantage is that they provide endogenous factors and signaling pathways to promote ion channel peptide folding, expression, and function at the cell surface and are also amenable to automated patch clamping. However, ND7-23 cells exhibit endogenous tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Nav currents, and molecular profiling has revealed the presence of Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7 transcripts, but no study has determined which subtypes contribute to functional channels at the cell surface. We profiled the repertoire of functional Nav channels endogenously expressed in ND7-23 cells using the QPatch automated patch clamp platform and selective toxins and small molecules. The potency and subtype selectivity of the ligands (Icagen compound 68 from patent US-20060025415-A1-20060202, 4,9 anhydro TTX, and Protoxin-II) were established in human Nav1.3, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7 channel cell lines before application of selective concentrations to ND7-23 cells. Our data confirm previous studies that >97% of macroscopic Nav current in ND7-23 cells is carried by TTX-sensitive channels (300 nM TTX) and that Nav1.7 is the predominant channel contributing to this response (65% of peak inward current), followed by Nav1.6 (∼20%) and negligible Nav1.3 currents (∼2%). In addition, our data are the first to assess the Nav1.6 potency (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 33 nM) and selectivity (50-fold over Nav1.7) of 4,9 anhydro TTX in human Nav channels expressed in mammalian cells, confirming previous studies of rodent Nav channels expressed in oocytes and HEK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rogers
- 1 Xention Limited , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nace Zidar
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Lin Z, Santos S, Padilla K, Printzenhoff D, Castle NA. Biophysical and Pharmacological Characterization of Nav1.9 Voltage Dependent Sodium Channels Stably Expressed in HEK-293 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161450. [PMID: 27556810 PMCID: PMC4996523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage dependent sodium channel Nav1.9, is expressed preferentially in peripheral sensory neurons and has been linked to human genetic pain disorders, which makes it target of interest for the development of new pain therapeutics. However, characterization of Nav1.9 pharmacology has been limited due in part to the historical difficulty of functionally expressing recombinant channels. Here we report the successful generation and characterization of human, mouse and rat Nav1.9 stably expressed in human HEK-293 cells. These cells exhibit slowly activating and inactivating inward sodium channel currents that have characteristics of native Nav1.9. Optimal functional expression was achieved by coexpression of Nav1.9 with β1/β2 subunits. While recombinantly expressed Nav1.9 was found to be sensitive to sodium channel inhibitors TC-N 1752 and tetracaine, potency was up to 100-fold less than reported for other Nav channel subtypes despite evidence to support an interaction with the canonical local anesthetic (LA) binding region on Domain 4 S6. Nav1.9 Domain 2 S6 pore domain contains a unique lysine residue (K799) which is predicted to be spatially near the local anesthetic interaction site. Mutation of this residue to the consensus asparagine (K799N) resulted in an increase in potency for tetracaine, but a decrease for TC-N 1752, suggesting that this residue can influence interaction of inhibitors with the Nav1.9 pore. In summary, we have shown that stable functional expression of Nav1.9 in the widely used HEK-293 cells is possible, which opens up opportunities to better understand channel properties and may potentially aid identification of novel Nav1.9 based pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lin
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonia Santos
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Padilla
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Printzenhoff
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Castle
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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33
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Okuda H, Noguchi A, Kobayashi H, Kondo D, Harada KH, Youssefian S, Shioi H, Kabata R, Domon Y, Kubota K, Kitano Y, Takayama Y, Hitomi T, Ohno K, Saito Y, Asano T, Tominaga M, Takahashi T, Koizumi A. Infantile Pain Episodes Associated with Novel Nav1.9 Mutations in Familial Episodic Pain Syndrome in Japanese Families. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154827. [PMID: 27224030 PMCID: PMC4880298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy has been correlated with various voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in sensory neurons. Recently Nav1.9, a voltage-gated sodium channel subtype, has been established as a genetic influence for certain peripheral pain syndromes. In this study, we performed a genetic study in six unrelated multigenerational Japanese families with episodic pain syndrome. Affected participants (n = 23) were characterized by infantile recurrent pain episodes with spontaneous mitigation around adolescence. This unique phenotype was inherited in an autosomal-dominant mode. Linkage analysis was performed for two families with 12 affected and nine unaffected members, and a single locus was identified on 3p22 (LOD score 4.32). Exome analysis (n = 14) was performed for affected and unaffected members in these two families and an additional family. Two missense variants were identified: R222H and R222S in SCN11A. Next, we generated a knock-in mouse model harboring one of the mutations (R222S). Behavioral tests (Hargreaves test and cold plate test) using R222S and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice, young (8-9 weeks old; n = 10-12 for each group) and mature (36-38 weeks old; n = 5-6 for each group), showed that R222S mice were significantly (p < 0.05) more hypersensitive to hot and cold stimuli than WT mice. Electrophysiological studies using dorsal root ganglion neurons from 8-9-week-old mice showed no significant difference in resting membrane potential, but input impedance and firing frequency of evoked action potentials were significantly increased in R222S mice compared with WT mice. However, there was no significant difference among Nav1.9 (WT, R222S, and R222H)-overexpressing ND7/23 cell lines. These results suggest that our novel mutation is a gain-of-function mutation that causes infantile familial episodic pain. The mouse model developed here will be useful for drug screening for familial episodic pain syndrome associated with SCN11A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Okuda
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohab Youssefian
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Shioi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risako Kabata
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Domon
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kubota
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kitano
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hitomi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohno
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanin Rosai Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- * E-mail: (AK); (TT)
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (AK); (TT)
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34
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Hockley JRF, Winchester WJ, Bulmer DC. The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.9 in visceral pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:316-26. [PMID: 26462871 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral pain is a common symptom for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. It is unpleasant, debilitating, and represents a large unmet medical need for effective clinical treatments. Recent studies have identified NaV 1.9 as an important regulator of afferent sensitivity in visceral pain pathways to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that NaV 1.9 could represent an important therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral pain. This potential has been highlighted by the identification of patients who have an insensitivity to pain or painful neuropathies associated with mutations in SCN11A, the gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel subtype 1.9 (NaV 1.9). PURPOSE Here, we address the role of NaV 1.9 in visceral pain and what known human NaV 1.9 mutants can tell us about NaV 1.9 function in gut physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R F Hockley
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - D C Bulmer
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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35
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Barbosa C, Cummins TR. Unusual Voltage-Gated Sodium Currents as Targets for Pain. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2016; 78:599-638. [PMID: 27586296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a serious health problem that impacts the lives of many individuals. Hyperexcitability of peripheral sensory neurons contributes to both acute and chronic pain syndromes. Because voltage-gated sodium currents are crucial to the transmission of electrical signals in peripheral sensory neurons, the channels that underlie these currents are attractive targets for pain therapeutics. Sodium currents and channels in peripheral sensory neurons are complex. Multiple-channel isoforms contribute to the macroscopic currents in nociceptive sensory neurons. These different isoforms exhibit substantial variations in their kinetics and pharmacology. Furthermore, sodium current complexity is enhanced by an array of interacting proteins that can substantially modify the properties of voltage-gated sodium channels. Resurgent sodium currents, atypical currents that can enhance recovery from inactivation and neuronal firing, are increasingly being recognized as playing potentially important roles in sensory neuron hyperexcitability and pain sensations. Here we discuss unusual sodium channels and currents that have been identified in nociceptive sensory neurons, describe what is known about the molecular determinants of the complex sodium currents in these neurons. Finally, we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies to target voltage-gated sodium currents in nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barbosa
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - T R Cummins
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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36
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Laedermann CJ, Abriel H, Decosterd I. Post-translational modifications of voltage-gated sodium channels in chronic pain syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 26594175 PMCID: PMC4633509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral sensory nervous system the neuronal expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) is very important for the transmission of nociceptive information since they give rise to the upstroke of the action potential (AP). Navs are composed of nine different isoforms with distinct biophysical properties. Studying the mutations associated with the increase or absence of pain sensitivity in humans, as well as other expression studies, have highlighted Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 as being the most important contributors to the control of nociceptive neuronal electrogenesis. Modulating their expression and/or function can impact the shape of the AP and consequently modify nociceptive transmission, a process that is observed in persistent pain conditions. Post-translational modification (PTM) of Navs is a well-known process that modifies their expression and function. In chronic pain syndromes, the release of inflammatory molecules into the direct environment of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons leads to an abnormal activation of enzymes that induce Navs PTM. The addition of small molecules, i.e., peptides, phosphoryl groups, ubiquitin moieties and/or carbohydrates, can modify the function of Navs in two different ways: via direct physical interference with Nav gating, or via the control of Nav trafficking. Both mechanisms have a profound impact on neuronal excitability. In this review we will discuss the role of Protein Kinase A, B, and C, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases and Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II in peripheral chronic pain syndromes. We will also discuss more recent findings that the ubiquitination of Nav1.7 by Nedd4-2 and the effect of methylglyoxal on Nav1.8 are also implicated in the development of experimental neuropathic pain. We will address the potential roles of other PTMs in chronic pain and highlight the need for further investigation of PTMs of Navs in order to develop new pharmacological tools to alleviate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric J. Laedermann
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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Kurowski P, Gawlak M, Szulczyk P. Muscarinic receptor control of pyramidal neuron membrane potential in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 303:474-88. [PMID: 26186898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the cholinergic input to the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cholinergic endings release acetylcholine, which activates nicotinic and/or G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors activate transduction systems, which control cellular effectors that regulate the membrane potential in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons. The mechanisms responsible for the cholinergic-dependent depolarization of mPFC layer V pyramidal neurons in slices obtained from young rats were elucidated in this study. Glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission as well as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na(+) and voltage-dependent Ca(++) currents were eliminated. Cholinergic receptor stimulation by carbamoylcholine chloride (CCh; 100 μM) evoked depolarization (10.0 ± 1.3 mV), which was blocked by M1/M4 (pirenzepine dihydrochloride, 2 μM) and M1 (VU 0255035, 5 μM) muscarinic receptor antagonists and was not affected by a nicotinic receptor antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride, 10 μM). CCh-dependent depolarization was attenuated by extra- (20 μM) or intracellular (50 μM) application of an inhibitor of the βγ-subunit-dependent transduction system (gallein). It was also inhibited by intracellular application of a βγ-subunit-binding peptide (GRK2i, 10μM). mPFC pyramidal neurons express Nav1.9 channels. CCh-dependent depolarization was abolished in the presence of antibodies against Nav1.9 channels in the intracellular solution and augmented by the presence of ProTx-I toxin (100 nM) in the extracellular solution. CCh-induced depolarization was not affected by the following reagents: intracellular transduction system blockers, including U-73122 (10 μM), chelerythrine chloride (5 μM), SQ 22536 (100 μM) and H-89 (2 μM); channel blockers, including Ba(++) ions (200 μM), apamin (100 nM), flufenamic acid (200 μM), 2-APB (200 μM), SKF 96365 (50 μM), and ZD 7288 (50 μM); and a Na(+)/Ca(++) exchanger blocker, benzamil (20 μM). We conclude that muscarinic M1 receptor-dependent depolarization in mPFC pyramidal neurons is evoked by the activation of Nav1.9 channels and that the signal transduction pathway involves G-protein βγ subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kurowski
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - M Gawlak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - P Szulczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
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Heterologous expression of NaV1.9 chimeras in various cell systems. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2423-35. [PMID: 25916202 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
SCN11A encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.9, which deviates most strongly from the other eight NaV channels expressed in mammals. It is characterized by resistance to the prototypic NaV channel blocker tetrodotoxin and exhibits slow activation and inactivation gating. Its expression in dorsal root ganglia neurons suggests a role in motor or pain signaling functions as also recently demonstrated by the occurrence of various mutations in human SCN11A leading to altered pain sensation syndromes. The systematic investigation of human NaV1.9, however, is severely hampered because of very poor heterologous expression in host cells. Using patch-clamp and two-electrode voltage-clamp methods, we show that this limitation is caused by the C-terminal structure of NaV1.9. A chimera of NaV1.9 harboring the C terminus of NaV1.4 yields functional expression not only in neuronal cells but also in non-excitable cells, such as HEK 293T or Xenopus oocytes. The major functional difference of the chimeric channel with respect to NaV1.9 is an accelerated activation and inactivation. Since the entire transmembrane domain is preserved, it is suited for studying pharmacological properties of the channel and the functional impact of disease-causing mutations. Moreover, we demonstrate how mutation S360Y makes NaV1.9 channels sensitive to tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin and that the unusual slow open-state inactivation of NaV1.9 is also mediated by the IFM (isoleucine-phenylalanine-methionine) inactivation motif located in the linker connecting domains III and IV.
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Cioli C, Abdi H, Beaton D, Burnod Y, Mesmoudi S. Differences in human cortical gene expression match the temporal properties of large-scale functional networks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115913. [PMID: 25546015 PMCID: PMC4278769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the relationships between the cortex functional organization and genetic expression (as provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas). Previous work suggests that functional cortical networks (resting state and task based) are organized as two large networks (differentiated by their preferred information processing mode) shaped like two rings. The first ring–Visual-Sensorimotor-Auditory (VSA)–comprises visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor cortices that process real time world interactions. The second ring–Parieto-Temporo-Frontal (PTF)–comprises parietal, temporal, and frontal regions with networks dedicated to cognitive functions, emotions, biological needs, and internally driven rhythms. We found–with correspondence analysis–that the patterns of expression of the 938 genes most differentially expressed across the cortex organized the cortex into two sets of regions that match the two rings. We confirmed this result using discriminant correspondence analysis by showing that the genetic profiles of cortical regions can reliably predict to what ring these regions belong. We found that several of the proteins–coded by genes that most differentiate the rings–were involved in neuronal information processing such as ionic channels and neurotransmitter release. The systematic study of families of genes revealed specific proteins within families preferentially expressed in each ring. The results showed strong congruence between the preferential expression of subsets of genes, temporal properties of the proteins they code, and the preferred processing modes of the rings. Ionic channels and release-related proteins more expressed in the VSA ring favor temporal precision of fast evoked neural transmission (Sodium channels SCNA1, SCNB1 potassium channel KCNA1, calcium channel CACNA2D2, Synaptotagmin SYT2, Complexin CPLX1, Synaptobrevin VAMP1). Conversely, genes expressed in the PTF ring favor slower, sustained, or rhythmic activation (Sodium channels SCNA3, SCNB3, SCN9A potassium channels KCNF1, KCNG1) and facilitate spontaneous transmitter release (calcium channel CACNA1H, Synaptotagmins SYT5, Complexin CPLX3, and synaptobrevin VAMP2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cioli
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale. UMR 7371/UMR S 1146, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- ISC-PIF (Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Hervé Abdi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Derek Beaton
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Yves Burnod
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale. UMR 7371/UMR S 1146, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- ISC-PIF (Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France), Paris, France
| | - Salma Mesmoudi
- ISC-PIF (Institut des Systèmes Complexes de Paris-Île-de-France), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris-1 Université, Equipement d’Excellence MATRICE, Paris, France
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Persistent modification of Nav1.9 following chronic exposure to insecticides and pyridostigmine bromide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:298-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Huang J, Han C, Estacion M, Vasylyev D, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Gerrits MM, Tyrrell L, Lauria G, Faber CG, Dib-Hajj SD, Merkies ISJ, Waxman SG. Gain-of-function mutations in sodium channel NaV1.9 in painful neuropathy. Brain 2014; 137:1627-42. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
The pseudounipolar sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) give rise to peripheral branches that convert thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli into electrical signals that are transmitted via central branches to the spinal cord. These neurons express unique combinations of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) channels that contribute to the resting membrane potential, action potential threshold, and regulate neuronal firing frequency. The small-diameter neurons (<25 μm) isolated from the DRG represent the cell bodies of C-fiber nociceptors that express both TTX-S and TTX-R Na(+) currents. The large-diameter neurons (>35 μm) are typically low-threshold A-fibers that predominately express TTX-S Na(+) currents. Peripheral nerve damage, inflammation, and metabolic diseases alter the expression and function of these Na(+) channels leading to increases in neuronal excitability and pain. The Na(+) channels expressed in these neurons are the target of intracellular signaling cascades that regulate the trafficking, cell surface expression, and gating properties of these channels. Post-translational regulation of Na(+) channels by protein kinases (PKA, PKC, MAPK) alter the expression and function of the channels. Injury-induced changes in these signaling pathways have been linked to sensory neuron hyperexcitability and pain. This review examines the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms that modulate the voltage-gated Na(+) channels of sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chahine
- Centre de recherche, Institut en santé mentale de Québec, Local F-6539, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, QC City, QC, Canada, G1J 2G3,
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Leipold E, Liebmann L, Korenke GC, Heinrich T, Gießelmann S, Baets J, Ebbinghaus M, Goral RO, Stödberg T, Hennings JC, Bergmann M, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Wetzel A, Nürnberg P, Timmerman V, De Jonghe P, Blum R, Schaible HG, Weis J, Heinemann SH, Hübner CA, Kurth I. A de novo gain-of-function mutation in SCN11A causes loss of pain perception. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1399-404. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rahman W, Dickenson AH. Voltage gated sodium and calcium channel blockers for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt A:19-26. [PMID: 23941888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a natural response of the body that occurs immediately following tissue damage, which may be due to injury, infection or disease. The acute inflammatory response is an essential mechanism that promotes healing and a key aspect is the ensuing pain, which warns the subject to protect the site of injury. Thus, it is common to see a zone of primary sensitization as well as consequential central sensitization that generally, is maintained by a peripheral drive from the zone of tissue injury. Inflammation associated with chronic pain states, such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, cancer and migraine etc. is deleterious to health and often debilitating for the patient. Thus there is a large unmet clinical need. The mechanisms underlying both acute and chronic inflammatory pain are extensive and complex, involving a diversity of cell types, receptors and proteins. Among these the contribution of voltage gated sodium and calcium channels on peripheral nociceptors is critical for nociceptive transmission beyond the peripheral transducers and changes in their distribution, accumulation, clustering and functional activities have been linked to both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The latter has been the main area for trials and use of drugs that modulate ion channels such as carbamazepine and gabapentin, but given the large peripheral drive that follows tissue damage, there is a clear rationale for blocking voltage gated sodium and calcium channels in these pain states. It has been hypothesized that pain of inflammatory origin may evolve into a condition that resembles neuropathic pain, but mixed pains such as low back pain and cancer pain often include elements of both pain states. This review considers the therapeutic potential for sodium and calcium channel blockers for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahida Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Beck P, Mahaffey S, Urbano FJ, Garcia-Rill E. Role of G-proteins in the effects of leptin on pedunculopontine nucleus neurons. J Neurochem 2013; 126:705-14. [PMID: 23692342 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the cholinergic arm of the reticular activating system, regulates waking and rapid eye movement sleep. Here, we demonstrate immunohistochemical labeling of the leptin receptor signaling isoform in PPN neurons, and investigated the effects of G-protein modulation and the leptin triple antagonist (TA) on the action of leptin in the PPN. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in rat brainstem slices from 9 to 17 day old pups. Previous results showed that leptin caused a partial blockade of sodium (I(Na)) and h-current (I(H)) in PPN neurons. TA (100 nM) reduced the blockade of I(Na) (~ 50% reduction) and I(H) (~ 93% reduction) caused by leptin. Intracellular guanosine 5'-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (a G-protein inhibitor) significantly reduced the effect of leptin on I(Na) (~ 60% reduction) but not on I(H) (~ 25% reduction). Intracellular GTPγS (a G-protein activator) reduced the effect of leptin on both I(Na) (~ 80% reduction) and I(H) (~ 90% reduction). These results suggest that the effects of leptin on the intrinsic properties of PPN neurons are leptin receptor- and G-protein dependent. We also found that leptin enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated responses in single neurons and in the PPN population as a whole, an effect blocked by TA. These experiments further strengthen the association between leptin dysregulation and sleep disturbances. Beck et al. investigated the effects of leptin on the intrinsic properties of neurons from the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Leptin reduced the amplitude of voltage-gated sodium (I(Na)) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated HCN (I(H)) channels. These effects were antagonized by a leptin receptor (OB-R) antagonist and by the G-protein antagonist GDPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Beck
- Department of Neurobiology and Development Science, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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