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Wen J, Ping H, Kong X, Chai W. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review of susceptibility genes and epigenetics. Gene 2023; 853:147067. [PMID: 36435507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex developmental deformity whose pathogenesis and susceptibility-related genes have yet to be elucidated. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on DDH-related gene mutations, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes in DDH. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of relevant documents in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases covering the period from October 1991 to October 2021. We analyzed basic information on the included studies and summarized the DDH-related mutation sites, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes associated with DDH. RESULTS A total of 63 studies were included in the analysis, of which 54 dealt with the detection of gene mutations, 7 presented details of animal experiments, and 6 were epigenetic studies. No genetic mutations were clearly related to the pathogenesis of DDH, including the most frequently studied genes on chromosomes 1, 17, and 20. Most gene-related studies were performed in Han Chinese or North American populations, and the quality of these studies was medium or low. GDF5 was examined in the greatest number of studies, and mutation sites with odds ratios > 10 were located on chromosomes 3, 9, and 13. Six mutations were found in animal experiments (i.e., CX3CR1, GDF5, PAPPA2, TENM3, UFSP2, and WISP3). Epigenetics research on DDH has focused on GDF5 promoter methylation, three microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, there was also a genetic test for miRNA and mRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS DDH is a complex joint deformity with a considerable genetic component whose early diagnosis is significant for preventing disease. At present, no genes clearly involved in the pathogenesis of DDH have been identified. Research on mutations associated with this condition is progressing in the direction of in vivo experiments in animal models to identify DDH susceptibility genes and epigenetics analyses to provide novel insights into its pathogenesis. In the future, genetic profiling may improve matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hangyu Ping
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wei Chai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Sioutis S, Kolovos S, Papakonstantinou ME, Reppas L, Bekos A, Koulalis D, Mavrogenis A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: a review. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2022; 32:39-56. [DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2022040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kenanidis E, Gkekas NK, Karasmani A, Anagnostis P, Christofilopoulos P, Tsiridis E. Genetic Predisposition to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:291-300.e1. [PMID: 31522852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has not been clarified. This systematic review evaluated current literature concerning all known chromosomes, loci, genes, and their polymorphisms that have been associated or not with the prevalence and severity of DDH. METHODS Following the established methodology of Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2019. RESULTS Forty-five studies were finally included. The majority of genetic studies were candidate gene association studies assessing Chinese populations with moderate methodological quality. Among the most frequently studied are the first, third, 12th,17th, and 20th chromosomes. No gene was firmly associated with DDH phenotype. Studies from different populations often report conflicting results on the same single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP rs143384 of GDF5 gene on chromosome 20 demonstrated the most robust relationship with DDH phenotype in association studies. The highest odds of coinheritance in linkage studies have been reported for regions of chromosome 3 and 13. Five SNPs have been associated with the severity of DDH. Animal model studies validating previous human findings provided suggestive evidence of an inducing role of mutations of the GDF5, CX3CR1, and TENM3 genes in DDH etiopathogenesis. CONCLUSION DDH is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic causes. However, no firm correlation between genotype and DDH phenotype currently exists. Systematic genome evaluation in studies with larger sample size, better methodological quality, and assessment of DDH patients is necessary to clarify the DDH heredity. The role of next-generation sequencing techniques is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustathios Kenanidis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nifon K Gkekas
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Karasmani
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Feldman G, Kappes D, Mookerjee-Basu J, Freeman T, Fertala A, Parvizi J. Novel mutation in Teneurin 3 found to co-segregate in all affecteds in a multi-generation family with developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:171-180. [PMID: 30273960 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
DDH is a debilitating condition characterized by incomplete formation of the acetabulum leading to dislocation of the hip, suboptimal joint function and accelerated wear of the articular cartilage resulting in early onset crippling arthritis of the hip in 20-40 year olds. Current diagnostic tests in newborns using physical manipulation of the femur or ultrasound either under or over-diagnose this condition. Developing an accurate, cost effective diagnostic test is a goal of this study. To better understand the biologic pathways involved in acetabular development, DNA from severely affected individuals in a four generation family that showed inter-generational transmission of the disorder was isolated and whole exome sequenced. A novel A to C transversion at position 183721398 on human chromosome four was found to co-segregate with the affected phenotype in this family. This mutation encodes a glutamine to proline change at position 2665 in the Teneurin 3 (TENM3) gene and was judged damaging by four prediction programs. Eight week old knock-in mutant mice show delayed development of the left acetabulum and the left glenoid fossa as shown by the presence of more Alcian blue staining on the socket rims of both the hip and the shoulder. We hypothesize that mutated TENM3 will slow chondrogenesis. MMP13 has been shown to impair extracellular matrix remodeling and suppress differentiation. Bone marrow cells from the knock-in mouse were found to overexpress MMP13 with or without BMP2 stimulation. This variant may elucidate pathways responsible for normal hip development and become part of an accurate test for DDH. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Feldman
- Thomas Jefferson University Division of Orthopaedic Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Theresa Freeman
- Thomas Jefferson University Division of Orthopaedic Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Thomas Jefferson University Division of Orthopaedic Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Thomas Jefferson University Division of Orthopaedic Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a relatively common malady that has profound consequences in the infant if left untreated. Effective and early treatment of DDH has been praised as one of the most successful ventures of modern pediatric orthopedics. Yet, before the modern management of DDH came into existence, there were extensive technological developments in the field of harnesses, casts, and traction methods. This paper aims to identify the centuries-old history of advancement in DDH treatment and the many important people involved. Their devices, thoughts, and ideas continue to have a profound impact on the current practice of orthopedic surgery.
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Di Rocco M, Rusmini M, Caroli F, Madeo A, Bertamino M, Marre-Brunenghi G, Ceccherini I. Novel spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia due to UFSP2 gene mutation. Clin Genet 2018; 93:671-674. [PMID: 28892125 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Beukes hip dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disease which has to date been described only in a large South African family of Dutch origin. The patients presented with progressive epiphyseal dysplasia limited to femoral capital epiphysis and their height was not significantly reduced. A unique variant of the ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1)-specific peptidase 2 (UFSP2) gene (c.868T>C) has been reported in all individuals from Beukes family with clinical and radiological diagnosis of Beukes hip dysplasia. Three individuals, propositus, mother, and grandmother, presented with short stature, joint pain, genu vara and a novel spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia involving epiphyses predominantly at hips, but also at knees, ankles, wrists and hands, associated with variable degrees of metaphysis and spine involvement. Exome sequencing allowed us to identify the heterozygous variant c.1277A>C of the UFSP2 gene, leading to the missense change p.D426A, in all 3 patients. This mutation is predicted as damaging and, similarly to the mutation originally described in the Beukes family (p. Y290H), directly affects one of the catalytic residues participating in the active site of the protein. This supports the novel notion that loss of catalytic UFSP2 activity, observed in association with different mutants and already experimentally proven in vitro, may have different clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, UOSD Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Rusmini
- UOC Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Caroli
- UOC Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Madeo
- Department of Pediatrics, UOSD Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Bertamino
- Department of Pediatrics, UOSD Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Marre-Brunenghi
- UOC Pediatric Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Ceccherini
- UOC Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Kim KH, Ha BH, Kim EE. Structural basis for Ufm1 recognition by Uf
SP. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:263-273. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea
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8
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The MPN domain of Caenorhabditis elegans UfSP modulates both substrate recognition and deufmylation activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:450-456. [PMID: 27240952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) specific protease (UfSP) is a novel cysteine protease that activates Ufm1 from its precursor by processing the C-terminus to expose the conserved Gly necessary for substrate conjugation and de-conjugates Ufm1 from the substrate. There are two forms: UfSP1 and UfSP2, the later with an additional domain at the N-terminus. Ufm1 and both the conjugating and deconjugating enzymes are highly conserved. However, in Caenorhabditis elegans there is one UfSP which has extra 136 residues at the N terminus compared to UfSP2. The crystal structure of cUfSP reveals that these additional residues display a MPN fold while the rest of the structure mimics that of UfSP2. The MPN domain does not have the metalloprotease activity found in some MPN-domain containing protein, rather it is required for the recognition and deufmylation of the substrate of cUfSP, UfBP1. In addition, the MPN domain is also required for localization to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Yucesoy B, Charles LE, Baker B, Burchfiel CM. Occupational and genetic risk factors for osteoarthritis: a review. Work 2015; 50:261-73. [PMID: 24004806 PMCID: PMC4562436 DOI: 10.3233/wor-131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease with strong genetic and occupational components. Although published studies have described several risk factors for OA, very few studies have investigated the occupational and genetic factors that contribute to this debilitating condition. OBJECTIVE To describe occupational and genetic factors that may contribute to the risk of developing (OA). METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the search terms osteoarthritis, occupation, work, and genetics. RESULTS Heavy physical work load was the most common occupational risk factor for OA in several anatomical locations. Other factors include kneeling and regular stair climbing, crawling, bending and whole body vibration, and repetitive movements. Numerous studies have also shown the influence of genetic variability in the pathogenesis of OA. Genetic variants of several groups of genes e.g., cartilage extracellular matrix structural genes and the genes related to bone density have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This review shows that occupational factors were extensively studied in knee OA unlike OA of other anatomical regions. Although genetic association studies performed to date identified a number of risk variants, some of these associations have not been consistently replicated across different studies and populations. Therefore, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berran Yucesoy
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E. Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brent Baker
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cecil M. Burchfiel
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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10
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Liu S, Tian W, Wang J, Cheng L, Jia J, Ma X. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DKK1 gene are associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in the Chinese Han female population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:557-61. [PMID: 24926963 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital or acquired skeletal disease characterized by subluxation, dislocation, or dysplasia of the hip joint. This study aimed to explore the potential impact of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) gene polymorphisms on embryonic hip joint development and the course of DDH. METHODS One hundred ninety-two unrelated Chinese Han female DDH patients and 191 unrelated, healthy, ethnically matched female controls were recruited and genotyped for two tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DKK1 using the Sequenom method. RESULTS One of the two DKK1 tag SNPs, rs11001560, was not shown to be significantly statistically different in allele frequency between DDH patients and control groups (χ(2)=0.898, df=1, p=0.343). However, a significant difference in genotype distribution was observed (χ(2)=21.987, df=2, p<0.0001). For SNP rs1569198, significant differences were observed in both allele frequency and genotype distribution between the DDH group and control group (χ(2)=31.484, df=1, p<0.0001 and χ(2)=30.323, df=2, p<0.0001). The A allele frequency of rs1569198 has a significant association to increased risk of DDH development (odds ratio [OR]=3.032, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.034-4.519). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the association between two tag SNPs of the DKK1 gene and DDH development reached statistical significance in our study population; the results of our genetic association analysis indicated that DKK1 may be a good candidate responsible for DDH development in the Chinese Han female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- 1 Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
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11
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12
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Hertel P, Daniel J, Stegehake D, Vaupel H, Kailayangiri S, Gruel C, Woltersdorf C, Liebau E. The ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) cascade of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10661-71. [PMID: 23449979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ufm1 (ubiquitin-fold modifier 1) is the most recently identified member of the ubiquitin-like protein family. We characterized the Ufm1 cascade of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans in terms of function and analyzed interactions of the involved proteins in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the phenotypes of the deletion mutants uba5(ok3364) (activating enzyme of Ufm1) and ufc1(tm4888) (conjugating enzyme of Ufm1). The viable deletion mutants showed a decrease in reproduction, development, life span, and a reduced survival under heavy metal stress. However, an increased survival rate under pathogenic, oxidative, heat, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was observed. We propose that the Ufm1 cascade negatively regulates the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hertel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute for Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
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Jackson GC, Mittaz-Crettol L, Taylor JA, Mortier GR, Spranger J, Zabel B, Le Merrer M, Cormier-Daire V, Hall CM, Offiah A, Wright MJ, Savarirayan R, Nishimura G, Ramsden SC, Elles R, Bonafe L, Superti-Furga A, Unger S, Zankl A, Briggs MD. Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: a 7-year comprehensive analysis of the known disease genes identify novel and recurrent mutations and provides an accurate assessment of their relative contribution. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:144-57. [PMID: 21922596 PMCID: PMC3272220 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) are relatively common skeletal dysplasias resulting in short-limbed dwarfism, joint pain, and stiffness. PSACH and the largest proportion of autosomal dominant MED (AD-MED) results from mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP); however, AD-MED is genetically heterogenous and can also result from mutations in matrilin-3 (MATN3) and type IX collagen (COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3). In contrast, autosomal recessive MED (rMED) appears to result exclusively from mutations in sulphate transporter solute carrier family 26 (SLC26A2). The diagnosis of PSACH and MED can be difficult for the nonexpert due to various complications and similarities with other related diseases and often mutation analysis is requested to either confirm or exclude the diagnosis. Since 2003, the European Skeletal Dysplasia Network (ESDN) has used an on-line review system to efficiently diagnose cases referred to the network prior to mutation analysis. In this study, we present the molecular findings in 130 patients referred to ESDN, which includes the identification of novel and recurrent mutations in over 100 patients. Furthermore, this study provides the first indication of the relative contribution of each gene and confirms that they account for the majority of PSACH and MED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail C Jackson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
- National Genetics Reference LaboratoryManchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacqueline A Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University HospitalAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Juergen Spranger
- Institute for Human Genetics and Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFreiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Institute for Human Genetics and Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFreiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Amaka Offiah
- Sheffield Children's HospitalSheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Genetic Health Services Victoria and Department of Paediatrics, University of MelbourneMelbourne, Australia
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Paediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical CentreJapan
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- National Genetics Reference LaboratoryManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Elles
- National Genetics Reference LaboratoryManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Bonafe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisLausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sheila Unger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Bone Dysplasia Research Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Ha BH, Jeon YJ, Shin SC, Tatsumi K, Komatsu M, Tanaka K, Watson CM, Wallis G, Chung CH, Kim EE. Structure of ubiquitin-fold modifier 1-specific protease UfSP2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10248-57. [PMID: 21228277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.172171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1)-specific protease 2 (UfSP2) is a cysteine protease that is responsible for the release of Ufm1 from Ufm1-conjugated cellular proteins, as well as for the generation of mature Ufm1 from its precursor. The 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of mouse UfSP2 reveals that it is composed of two domains. The C-terminal catalytic domain is similar to UfSP1 with Cys(294), Asp(418), His(420), Tyr(282), and a regulatory loop participating in catalysis. The novel N-terminal domain shows a unique structure and plays a role in the recognition of its cellular substrate C20orf116 and thus in the recruitment of UfSP2 to the endoplasmic reticulum, where C20orf116 predominantly localizes. Mutagenesis studies were carried out to provide the structural basis for understanding the loss of catalytic activity observed in a recently identified UfSP2 mutation that is associated with an autosomal dominant form of hip dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hak Ha
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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16
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Roos JL, Pretorius HW, Karayiorgou M. Clinical Characteristics of an Afrikaner Founder Population Recruited for a Schizophrenia Genetic Study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1151:85-101. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Mapping quantitative trait loci for canine hip dysplasia in German Shepherd dogs. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:861-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Mabuchi A, Nakamura S, Takatori Y, Ikegawa S. Familial osteoarthritis of the hip joint associated with acetabular dysplasia maps to chromosome 13q. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79:163-8. [PMID: 16773577 PMCID: PMC1474113 DOI: 10.1086/505088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors have been implicated in osteoarthritis (OA), particularly in OA of the hip joint (hip OA). Several instances of familial hip OA that show distinctive modes of inheritance but that differ from chondrodysplasia have been reported. Here, we report the characterization of a large Japanese family with an inherited disease of the hip that is indistinguishable from common hip OA, as evidenced by clinical symptoms and radiographs of the joint. This family contained eight patients in 4 generations. Affected individuals develop pain in the hip joint during adolescence, and the disease progresses to severe crippling before age 60 years. Patients generally are in good health, height is not reduced, and there is no extraskeletal involvement suggestive of chondrodysplasia. The skeletal change is bilateral acetabular dysplasia followed by OA, which occurs after age approximately 40 years and is indistinguishable from idiopathic nonfamilial dysplastic hip OA. This trait shows autosomal dominant inheritance, with a considerably consistent phenotype. Genomewide screening revealed linkage at chromosome 13q22, and haplotype analysis narrowed the locus to a 6.0-cM interval between markers D13S1296 and D13S162, with a maximal multipoint LOD score of 3.57. The family described here represents a novel genetic entity as a monogenic form of hip OA. Its further characterization can aid in elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of a common idiopathic form of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Mabuchi
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Lopez MJ, Quinn MM, Markel MD. Associations between canine juvenile weight gain and coxofemoral joint laxity at 16 weeks of age. Vet Surg 2006; 35:214-8. [PMID: 16634999 PMCID: PMC1950129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2006.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the relationship between canine weight gain from 6 to 15 weeks of age and passive coxofemoral joint (CFJ) laxity at 16 weeks of age. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. ANIMALS Full- or half-sibling hounds (n = 56). METHODS Hounds were weighed weekly from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Individual average daily gain (ADG) was calculated for each week (weekly) and for the study (overall). PennHIP distraction index (DI) was determined for each CFJ at 16 weeks. Mixed effects linear models were evaluated for associations of DI (highest and mean) with 15-week weight and ADGs (actual or normalized). Left and right DIs were compared with a Student's paired t-test. Significance was set at P<.05. Trends were considered at P<.10. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) 16-week DI score and 15-week weight was 0.67 +/- 0.16 and 12.5 +/- 1.8 kg, respectively. Within animal left and right DIs were not significantly different. There were no significant associations between DI and any of the weight gains evaluated. There was a trend for a negative relationship between normalized 14-week ADG and DI in one statistical model. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain from 6 to 15 weeks of age was unrelated to 16-week PennHIP DI in a homogenous canine population with moderate-to-severe CFJ joint laxity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on our results, ad libitum feeding between 6 and 15 weeks of age does not appear to have an adverse impact on joint laxity at 16 weeks of age as measured by the PennHIP DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi J Lopez
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Cingoz S, Bisgaard AM, Bache I, Bryndorf T, Kirchoff M, Petersen W, Ropers HH, Maas N, Van Buggenhout G, Tommerup N, Tümer Z. 4q35 deletion and 10p15 duplication associated with immunodeficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:2231-5. [PMID: 16964622 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a familial cryptic reciprocal translocation between 4q35 and 10p15 leading to deletion of the terminal long arm of chromosome 4 and duplication of the terminal short arm of chromosome 10 in two family members who both have immunological disturbances and a similar facial appearance. The precise location and extent of the deletion and duplication was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, we investigated the deletion breakpoint of a previously reported patient with 4q34.3-qter deletion [Van Buggenhout et al. (2004); Am J Med Genet Part A 131A:186-189].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cingoz
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, IMBG/G, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Todhunter RJ, Mateescu R, Lust G, Burton-Wurster NI, Dykes NL, Bliss SP, Williams AJ, Vernier-Singer M, Corey E, Harjes C, Quaas RL, Zhang Z, Gilbert RO, Volkman D, Casella G, Wu R, Acland GM. Quantitative trait loci for hip dysplasia in a crossbreed canine pedigree. Mamm Genome 2005; 16:720-30. [PMID: 16245029 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-0004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common developmental inherited trait characterized by hip laxity, subluxation or incongruity of the femoral head and acetabulum in affected hips. The inheritance pattern is complex and the mutations contributing to trait expression are unknown. In the study reported here, 240 microsatellite markers distributed in 38 autosomes and the X chromosome were genotyped on 152 dogs from three generations of a crossbred pedigree based on trait-free Greyhound and dysplastic Labrador Retriever founders. Interval mapping was undertaken to map the QTL underlying the quantitative dysplastic traits of maximum passive hip laxity (the distraction index), the dorsolateral subluxation score, and the Norberg angle. Permutation testing was used to derive the chromosome-wide level of significance at p<0.05 for each QTL. Chromosomes 4, 9, 10, 11 (p<0.01), 16, 20, 22, 25, 29 (p<0.01), 30, 35, and 37 harbor putative QTL for one or more traits. Successful detection of QTL was due to the cross-breed pedigree, multiple-trait measurements, control of environmental background, and marked advancement in canine mapping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 32 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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22
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Blair IP, Badenhop RF, Scimone A, Moses MJ, Donald JA, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR. Identification, characterization, and association analysis of novel genes from the bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 4q35. Psychiatr Genet 2005; 15:199-204. [PMID: 16094255 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200509000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cause of bipolar disorder remains unknown, with little knowledge of the underlying biological, anatomical, biochemical, or genetic defect. The disorder is genetically complex, with an increasing number of loci being implicated through genetic linkage studies. We previously identified a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 4q35 and refined the interval harboring this susceptibility gene to approximately 5 Mb, a size that is amenable to positional cloning. Several independent studies have reported the presence of a susceptibility gene at this locus. To identify candidate genes for testing for association with bipolar disorder, we previously established a transcript map that encompasses the candidate interval. We have continued to seek novel genes from this region in order to expand this transcript map. Here, we describe the further identification and characterization of eight novel genes from the chromosome 4q35 bipolar candidate interval. Expression analysis determined that six of these novel genes are expressed in the brain, and these genes were therefore analyzed for association with bipolar disorder. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from the candidate genes and tested for association in our case-control cohort. Our data suggest that the six candidate genes analyzed can be excluded from involvement in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Blair
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Abecasis GR, Burt RA, Hall D, Bochum S, Doheny KF, Lundy SL, Torrington M, Roos JL, Gogos JA, Karayiorgou M. Genomewide scan in families with schizophrenia from the founder population of Afrikaners reveals evidence for linkage and uniparental disomy on chromosome 1. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74:403-17. [PMID: 14750073 PMCID: PMC1182255 DOI: 10.1086/381713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on our initial genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia in the genetically isolated population of the Afrikaners from South Africa. A 10-cM genomewide scan was performed on 143 small families, 34 of which were informative for linkage. Using both nonparametric and parametric linkage analyses, we obtained evidence for a small number of disease loci on chromosomes 1, 9, and 13. These results suggest that few genes of substantial effect exist for schizophrenia in the Afrikaner population, consistent with our previous genealogical tracing studies. The locus on chromosome 1 reached genomewide significance levels (nonparametric LOD score of 3.30 at marker D1S1612, corresponding to an empirical P value of.012) and represents a novel susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. In addition to providing evidence for linkage for chromosome 1, we also identified a proband with a uniparental disomy (UPD) of the entire chromosome 1. This is the first time a UPD has been described in a patient with schizophrenia, lending further support to involvement of chromosome 1 in schizophrenia susceptibility in the Afrikaners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Rachel A. Burt
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Diana Hall
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Sylvia Bochum
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Kimberly F. Doheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - S. Laura Lundy
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Marie Torrington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - J. Louw Roos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Joseph A. Gogos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
| | - Maria Karayiorgou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Pretoria Department of Psychiatry and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
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24
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Forster T, Chapman K, Marcelline L, Mustafa Z, Southam L, Loughlin J. Finer linkage mapping of primary osteoarthritis susceptibility loci on chromosomes 4 and 16 in families with affected women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:98-102. [PMID: 14730605 DOI: 10.1002/art.11427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To more finely linkage-map primary osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility loci on chromosomes 4 and 16. METHODS Two hundred eighteen families, each with 2 or more women concordant for primary OA (ascertained by total hip replacement [THR] or total knee replacement), were genotyped using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers from chromosomes 4 and 16, at an average density of 1 marker every 4 cM. Two-point and multipoint linkage analyses were performed for all 218 families and for the 146 families from the 218 that included women concordant for THR (female-THR families). RESULTS A single region of linkage was identified on chromosome 4q, with a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds (LOD) score (MLS) of 3.1 in the 146 female-THR families. This locus was centered 79 cM from the 4p telomere and had a 1-LOD support interval of 4 cM. Two regions of linkage were identified on chromosome 16, the first on 16p with an MLS of 1.7 in the female-THR families and the second on 16q with an MLS of 1.9 in all 218 families. The first locus was centered 46 cM and the second 89 cM from the p-telomere. The 1-LOD support intervals were 12 cM and 10 cM, respectively. CONCLUSION Finer linkage mapping using a high density of microsatellite markers has narrowed female OA susceptibility loci on chromosomes 4 and 16. The regions have been narrowed sufficiently for association analysis.
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25
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Karayiorgou M, Torrington M, Abecasis GR, Pretorius H, Robertson B, Kaliski S, Lay S, Sobin C, Möller N, Lundy SL, Blundell ML, Gogos JA, Roos JL. Phenotypic characterization and genealogical tracing in an Afrikaner schizophrenia database. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 124B:20-8. [PMID: 14681908 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Founder populations hold tremendous promise for mapping genes for complex traits, as they offer less genetic and environmental heterogeneity and greater potential for genealogical research. Not all founder populations are equally valuable, however. The Afrikaner population meets several criteria that make it an ideal population for mapping complex traits, including founding by a small number of initial founders that likely allowed for a relatively restricted set of mutations and a large current population size that allows identification of a sufficient number of cases. Here, we examine the potential to conduct genealogical research in this population and present initial results indicating that accurate genealogical tracing for up to 17 generations is feasible. We also examine the clinical similarities of schizophrenia cases diagnosed in South Africa and those diagnosed in other, heterogeneous populations, specifically the US. We find that, with regard to basic sample descriptors and cardinal symptoms of disease, the two populations are equivalent. It is, therefore, likely that results from our genetic study of schizophrenia will be applicable to other populations. Based on the results presented here, the history and current size of the population, as well as our previous analysis addressing the extent of background linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the Afrikaners, we conclude that the Afrikaner population is likely an appropriate founder population to map genes for schizophrenia using both linkage and LD approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayiorgou
- Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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26
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Stefánsson SE, Jónsson H, Ingvarsson T, Manolescu I, Jónsson HH, Ólafsdóttir G, Pálsdóttir E, Stefánsdóttir G, Sveinbjörnsdóttir G, Frigge ML, Kong A, Gulcher JR, Stefánsson K. Genomewide scan for hand osteoarthritis: a novel mutation in matrilin-3. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72:1448-59. [PMID: 12736871 PMCID: PMC1180305 DOI: 10.1086/375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2002] [Accepted: 03/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common human joint disease, characterized by loss and/or remodeling of joint synovium, cartilage, and bone. Here, we describe a genomewide linkage analysis of patients with idiopathic hand OA who were carefully phenotyped for involvement of either or both the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and the first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joints. The best linkage peaks were on chromosomes 4q and 3p and on the short arm of chromosome 2. Genomewide significance was reached for a locus on chromosome 2 for patients with affected CMC1 joints (LOD = 4.97); this locus was also significant for patients with OA in both CMC1 and DIP joints (LOD = 4.44). The peak LOD score at this locus coincides with a gene, MATN3, encoding the noncollagenous cartilage extracellular matrix protein, matrilin-3. Subsequent screening of the genomic sequence revealed a missense mutation, of a conserved amino acid codon, changing threonine to methionine in the epidermal growth factor-like domain in matrilin-3. The missense mutation cosegregates with hand OA in several families. The mutation frequency is slightly more than 2% in patients with hand OA in the Icelandic population and has a relative risk of 2.1.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Cohort Studies
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Finger Joint
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Genome, Human
- Hand
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Matrilin Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense
- Osteoarthritis/diagnosis
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefán Einar Stefánsson
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Helgi Jónsson
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Ileana Manolescu
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Hjörtur H. Jónsson
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Guðbjörg Ólafsdóttir
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Ebba Pálsdóttir
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Gerður Stefánsdóttir
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Guðfinna Sveinbjörnsdóttir
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Michael L. Frigge
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Jeffrey R. Gulcher
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCode Genetics, Landspítalinn University Hospital, and Genetic Research Service Center, Reykjavík; and Central Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
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27
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Blair IP, Adams LJ, Badenhop RF, Moses MJ, Scimone A, Morris JA, Ma L, Austin CP, Donald JA, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR. A transcript map encompassing a susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 4q35. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 7:867-73. [PMID: 12232780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2001] [Revised: 11/12/2001] [Accepted: 11/29/2001] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses with a population prevalence of approximately 1%. The disorder is genetically complex, with an increasing number of loci being implicated through genetic linkage studies. However, the specific genetic variations and molecules involved in bipolar susceptibility and pathogenesis are yet to be identified. Genetic linkage analysis has identified a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 4q35, and the interval harbouring this susceptibility gene has been narrowed to a size that is amenable to positional cloning. We have used the resources of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and Celera Genomics to identify overlapping sequenced BAC clones and sequence contigs that represent the region implicated by linkage analysis. A combination of bioinformatic tools and laboratory techniques have been applied to annotate this DNA sequence data and establish a comprehensive transcript map that spans approximately 5.5 Mb. This map encompasses the chromosome 4q35 bipolar susceptibility locus, which localises to a "most probable" candidate interval of approximately 2.3 Mb, within a more conservative candidate interval of approximately 5 Mb. Localised within this map are 11 characterised genes and eight novel genes of unknown function, which together provide a collection of candidate transcripts that may be investigated for association with bipolar disorder. Overall, this region was shown to be very gene-poor, with a high incidence of pseudogenes, and redundant and novel repetitive elements. Our analysis of the interval has demonstrated a significant difference in the extent to which the current HGP and Celera sequence data sets represent this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Blair
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney 2010, Australia
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28
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Hall CM. International nosology and classification of constitutional disorders of bone (2001). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 113:65-77. [PMID: 12400068 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The last International Classification of Constitutional Disorders of Bone was published in 1998. Since then rapid advances have been made in identifying the molecular changes responsible for defined conditions and new disorders are constantly being delineated. For these reasons a further update on the classification is appropriate. It has been expended to not only the osteochondrodysplasias (33 groups) but also genetically determined dysostoses (3 groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hall
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Eyre S, Roby P, Wolstencroft K, Spreckley K, Aspinwall R, Bayoumi R, Al-Gazali L, Ramesar R, Beighton P, Wallis G. Identification of a locus for a form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia on chromosome 15q26.1: exclusion of aggrecan as a candidate gene. J Med Genet 2002; 39:634-8. [PMID: 12205105 PMCID: PMC1735219 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.9.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated a family with an autosomal dominant form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) characterised by short stature and severe premature degenerative arthropathy. Previous studies have excluded linkage between this condition and the locus for the type II collagen gene. Here we report the identification of linkage between this disorder and a locus on the long arm of chromosome 15 between markers D15S979 and D15S1004. According to current linkage maps and sequence data, this locus includes that of the aggrecan gene (AGC1). Our linkage data from the SED family show, however, that AGC1 maps to a locus that is proximal to D15S979. This proximal location for AGC1 is further supported by linkage data from a second family with an autosomal recessive form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia that also maps to the SED locus. In both families AGC1 is therefore excluded as a candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eyre
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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30
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Hall D, Wijsman EM, Roos JL, Gogos JA, Karayiorgou M. Extended intermarker linkage disequilibrium in the Afrikaners. Genome Res 2002; 12:956-61. [PMID: 12045148 PMCID: PMC548332 DOI: 10.1101/gr.136202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we conducted an investigation of the background level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the Afrikaner population to evaluate the appropriateness of this genetic isolate for mapping complex traits. We analyzed intermarker LD in 62 nuclear families using microsatellite markers covering extended chromosomal regions. The markers were selected to allow the first direct comparison of long-range LD in the Afrikaners to LD in other demographic groups. Using several statistical measures, we find significant evidence for LD in the Afrikaners extending remarkably over a 6-cM range. In contrast, LD decays significantly beyond 3-cM distances in the other founder and outbred populations examined. This study strongly supports the appropriateness of the Afrikaner population for genome-wide scans that exploit LD to map common, multigenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hall
- The Rockefeller University, Human Neurogenetics Laboratory, New York, NY 10021, USA
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31
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Abstract
Genetic epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that primary OA has a major genetic component that segregates in families in a complex manner. Some of these studies suggest that genetic susceptibility may be more relevant to female OA than to male OA and that genes may have a greater role in OA development and progression at certain joint groups compared with others. These observations are not universal, however, and discrepancies between different studies may simply serve to highlight the complex nature of the transmittance of OA susceptibility. The numerous OA linkage studies that have now been performed have revealed a number of regions of the human genome that are likely to harbor genes predisposing to OA. Several of these regions, particularly those identified in genome-wide scans of ASPs, have relatively low LOD scores; as a result, their reliability must be questioned. Nevertheless, a few of these regions have already been linked in more than one study, and these linkages can be considered as more robust. Such confirmation is a prerequisite to finer linkage mapping, which should narrow the linkage intervals to a point at which comprehensive association analysis of DNA sequence variants can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Loughlin
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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32
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Falchetti A. Genetics of osteoarticular disorders, Florence, Italy, 22-23 February 2002. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4:326-31. [PMID: 12223106 PMCID: PMC128940 DOI: 10.1186/ar590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2002] [Revised: 05/17/2002] [Accepted: 06/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA), the two most common age-related chronic disorders of articular joints and skeleton, represent a major public health problem in most developed countries. They are influenced by environmental factors and exhibit a strong genetic component. Large population studies clearly show their inverse relationship; therefore, an accurate analysis of the genetic bases of one of these two diseases may provide data of interest for the other disorder. The discovery of risk and protective genes for OP and OA promises to revolutionize strategies for diagnosing and treating these disorders. The primary goal of this symposium was to bring together scientists and clinicians working on OP and OA in order to identify the most promising and collaborative approaches for the coming decade. This meeting put into focus the importance of an adequate genetic approach to several areas of research: the search for the genetic determinants underlying new susceptibilities, the optimization of previously acquired data; the establishment of correlations between genetic polymorphism and functional variants, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions (particularly those between genes and nutrients). An adequate genetic approach is also essential with regard to determining more selective criteria for phenotypic definition of familial OP, in order to obtain more homogeneous and statistically powerful family-based studies. The symposium concluded with an interesting overview of the future perspectives offered by DNA microarray technologies for identifying novel candidate genes, for developing proteomics and bioinformatics analyses and for designing low-cost clinical trials.
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Reginato AM, Olsen BR. The role of structural genes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritic disorders. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4:337-45. [PMID: 12453309 PMCID: PMC153840 DOI: 10.1186/ar595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2002] [Revised: 07/22/2002] [Accepted: 07/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common age-related chronic disorders of articular cartilage, joints, and bone tissue, represents a major public health problem. Genetic studies have identified multiple gene variations associated with an increased risk of OA. These findings suggest that there is a large genetic component to OA and that the disorder belongs in the multigenetic, multifactorial class of genetic diseases. Studies of chondrodysplasias and associated hereditary OA have provided a better understanding of the role of structural genes in the maintenance and repair of articular cartilage, in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and gene expression, and in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Reginato
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Primary osteoarthritis (OA) is a late onset disease that fits most accurately into the oligogenic, multifactorial class of genetic diseases. Twin pair and family risk studies have highlighted a surprisingly large genetic component to OA and have prompted the search for predisposing genes. These searches have taken three forms: (1) parametric linkage analysis of rare families in which OA segregates as a Mendelian trait, (2) model-free linkage analysis of affected sibling pairs, and (3) association analysis of known candidate genes. Within the past year linkage analysis studies have highlighted that chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 16, and the X may each harbor an OA susceptibility gene. Chromosomes 2, 4, and 16 were identified in multiple genome scans and are therefore the most likely to encode susceptibility. Association analysis of candidates suggests that the syntenic genes for type II collagen and the vitamin D receptor (12q12--q13.1) may also encode for OA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loughlin
- University of Oxford, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.
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Brandi ML, Gennari L, Cerinic MM, Becherini L, Falchetti A, Masi L, Gennari C, Reginster JY. Genetic markers of osteoarticular disorders: facts and hopes. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2001; 3:270-80. [PMID: 11549368 PMCID: PMC128904 DOI: 10.1186/ar316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2001] [Revised: 05/08/2001] [Accepted: 05/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are the two most common age-related chronic disorders of articular joints and skeleton, representing a major public health problem in most developed countries. Apart from being influenced by environmental factors, both disorders have a strong genetic component, and there is now considerable evidence from large population studies that these two disorders are inversely related. Thus, an accurate analysis of the genetic component of one of these two multifactorial diseases may provide data of interest for the other. However, the existence of confounding factors must always be borne in mind in interpreting the genetic analysis. In addition, each patient must be given an accurate clinical evaluation, including family history, history of drug treatments, lifestyle, and environment, in order to reduce the background bias. Here, we review the impact of recent work in molecular genetics suggesting that powerful molecular biology techniques will soon make possible both a rapid accumulation of data on the genetics of both disorders and the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brandi
- Department of Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50135 Florence, Italy.
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Everts RE, Hazewinkel HA, Rothuizen J, van Oost BA. Bone disorders in the dog: a review of modern genetic strategies to find the underlying causes. Vet Q 2000; 22:63-70. [PMID: 10789512 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2000.9695027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In man, the genetic defects of more than 600 inherited diseases, of which at least 150 skeletal diseases, have been identified as is the chromosomal location for approximately 7000 genes. This rapid progress has been made possible by the generation of a genetical and physical map of the human genome. There is no reason to believe that for the dog not a similar development may occur. This review is therefore focussed on the use of novel tools now available for comparative molecular genetic studies of skeletal dysplasias in the dog. Because the genomes of mammals at the subchromosomal level are very well conserved, likely candidate disease genes known from other species might be considered. In this review, formation of the bones and the most important canine disorders of the skeleton influencing locomotion will be discussed first. The canine disorders discussed are canine hip dysplasia, the three different forms of elbow dysplasia (fragmented coronoid process, ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis dissecans and incongruency) and dwarfism. Where possible a link is made with similar diseases in man or mouse. Then, the molecular biological tools available to analyse the genetic defect will be reviewed and some examples discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Everts
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Loughlin J, Mustafa Z, Irven C, Smith A, Carr AJ, Sykes B, Chapman K. Stratification analysis of an osteoarthritis genome screen-suggestive linkage to chromosomes 4, 6, and 16. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:1795-8. [PMID: 10577938 PMCID: PMC1288394 DOI: 10.1086/302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Loughlin
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Zehra Mustafa
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Catherine Irven
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Anne Smith
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Bryan Sykes
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
| | - Kay Chapman
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford
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