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Tan K, Sakrikar D, Ashby J, North S, Ouverson L, Wallis G, Du Chateau B, Harding S, Barnidge D. M185 QIP-MS: A reliable method for detection of M-proteins traceable to the international serum standard DA470K. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tay W, Giles H, Wright N, Afzal M, Birtwistle J, Berlanga O, North S, Drayson M, Pratt G, Wallis G, Harding S. T043 Exent mass spectrometry allows early identification of multiclonal MGUS compared to electrophoretic methods. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tan K, Ashby J, North S, Barnidge D, Brusseau S, Patel R, Du Chateau B, Wallis G, Harding S, Sakrikar D. T032 QIP-MS: An alternative method to standard electrophoretic techniques for the identification of intact monoclonal immunoglobulins. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tan K, Lajko M, Sakrikar D, Ashby J, North S, Wallis G, Harding S, Du Chateau B, Murray D, Barnidge D. T033 QIP-MS discriminates therapeutic monoclonal antibodies from endogenous m-proteins in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cook A, Faustini S, Williams L, Cunningham A, Drayson M, Shields A, Kay D, Taylor L, Plant T, Huissoon A, Wallis G, Beck S, Jossi S, Perez-Toledo M, Newby M, Allen J, Crispin M, Harding S, Richter A. Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113046. [PMID: 33775672 PMCID: PMC7997147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequently SARS-CoV-2 results in mild or moderate disease with potentially lower concentrations of antibodies compared to those that are hospitalised. Here, we validated an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein, with targeted detection of IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) using serum and dried blood spots (DBS) from adults with mild or moderate disease. METHODS Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, a combined anti-IgG, IgA and IgM serology ELISA assay was developed using 62 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 624 COVID-19 negative samples. The assay was validated using 73 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 359 COVID-19 negative serum samples with an additional 81 DBSs. The assay was further validated in 226 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 426 COVID-19 negative clinical samples. RESULTS A sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 92.6-100.0), 98.3% (95% CI, 96.4-99.4), respectively, was observed following validation of the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. No cross-reactivities with endemic coronaviruses or other human viruses were observed, and no change in results were recorded for interfering substances. The assay was stable at temperature extremes and components were stable for 15 days once opened. A matrix comparison showed DBS to correlate with serum results. Clinical validation of the assay reported a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 90.9-97.2%) and a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.6-99.3%). CONCLUSIONS The human anti-IgGAM SARS-CoV-2 ELISA provides accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The use of dried blood spots makes the assay accessible to the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Cook
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S.E. Faustini
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - L.J. Williams
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK,Corresponding author at: The Binding Site Group, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.T. Drayson
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A.M. Shields
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - D. Kay
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - L. Taylor
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK
| | - T. Plant
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A. Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - G. Wallis
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S. Beck
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - S.E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M. Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.L. Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - J.D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M. Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S. Harding
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.G. Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
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Pang S, D'Rozario J, Wallis G, Hisana A, Bhuvan T, Payne N, Powell D, Rautela J, Huntington N, Dewson G, Huang D, Gray D, Heng T. Is mesenchymal stromal cell apoptosis necessary for their immunomodulatory capacity? Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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North S, Barnidge D, Brusseau S, Patel R, Haselton M, Du Chateau B, Wallis G, Harding S, Sakrikar D, Ashby J. QIP-MS: A specific, sensitive, accurate, and quantitative alternative to electrophoresis that can identify endogenous m-proteins and distinguish them from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in patients being treated for multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pang S, Wallis G, Mendonca S, Hisana A, Chappaz S, Rautela J, Huang D, Huntington N, Kile B, Gray D, Heng T. Dissecting the molecular pathways of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Evans C, Bateman E, Steven R, Ponsford M, Cullinane A, Shenton C, Duthie G, Conlon C, Jolles S, Huissoon AP, Longhurst HJ, Rahman T, Scott C, Wallis G, Harding S, Parker AR, Ferry BL. Measurement of Typhi Vi antibodies can be used to assess adaptive immunity in patients with immunodeficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:292-301. [PMID: 29377063 PMCID: PMC5980364 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine‐specific antibody responses are essential in the diagnosis of antibody deficiencies. Responses to Pneumovax II are used to assess the response to polysaccharide antigens, but interpretation may be complicated. Typhim Vi®, a polysaccharide vaccine for Salmonella typhoid fever, may be an additional option for assessing humoral responses in patients suspected of having an immunodeficiency. Here we report a UK multi‐centre study describing the analytical and clinical performance of a Typhi Vi immunoglobulin (Ig)G enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) calibrated to an affinity‐purified Typhi Vi IgG preparation. Intra‐ and interassay imprecision was low and the assay was linear, between 7·4 and 574 U/ml (slope = 0·99–1·00; R2 > 0·99); 71% of blood donors had undetectable Typhi Vi IgG antibody concentrations. Of those with antibody concentrations > 7·4 U/ml, the concentration range was 7·7–167 U/ml. In antibody‐deficient patients receiving antibody replacement therapy the median Typhi Vi IgG antibody concentrations were < 25 U/ml. In vaccinated normal healthy volunteers, the median concentration post‐vaccination was 107 U/ml (range 31–542 U/ml). Eight of eight patients (100%) had post‐vaccination concentration increases of at least threefold and six of eight (75%) of at least 10‐fold. In an antibody‐deficient population (n = 23), only 30% had post‐vaccination concentration increases of at least threefold and 10% of at least 10‐fold. The antibody responses to Pneumovax II and Typhim Vi® correlated. We conclude that IgG responses to Typhim Vi® vaccination can be measured using the VaccZyme Salmonella typhi Vi IgG ELISA, and that measurement of these antibodies maybe a useful additional test to accompany Pneumovax II responses for the assessment of antibody deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Evans
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - E Bateman
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R Steven
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Ponsford
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Cullinane
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - C Shenton
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Duthie
- Infectious Disease Department, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - C Conlon
- Infectious Disease Department, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A P Huissoon
- West Midlands Primary Immunodeficiency Centre, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - H J Longhurst
- Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Rahman
- Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Scott
- Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - G Wallis
- Binding Site Group Limited, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Harding
- Binding Site Group Limited, Birmingham, UK
| | - A R Parker
- Binding Site Group Limited, Birmingham, UK
| | - B L Ferry
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Wallis G. Italian Psychiatric Care. J R Soc Med 2018; 82:776. [PMID: 2614781 PMCID: PMC1292443 DOI: 10.1177/014107688908201238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Adams-Bedford J, Wallis G, Backus B. The impact of intention, action, and learnt contingency on visual perception. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wallis G. A multichannel model of face processing based on self-organizing principles. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cloete S, Wallis G. Rapid recruitment of extra-visual information supports heading control when visual feedback is unavailable. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Evidence is presented that low concentrations of mercury and chlorine vapor in air form reaction products. At constant mercury concentration the rate of formation increases with chlorine concentration and relative humidity. The mercury-chlorine compound as well as the vapor of elemental mercury are absorbed by Hopcalite or by KMnO4-H2SO4 scrubber solution. The compound can be separated from mercury vapor by its absorption in polyurethane or by filtration by means of Millipore aerosol membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menke
- P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc., Burlington, MA 01803, USA
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Burgess-Limerick R, Krupenia V, Wallis G, Pratim-Bannerjee A, Steiner L. Directional control-response relationships for mining equipment. Ergonomics 2010; 53:748-757. [PMID: 20496241 DOI: 10.1080/00140131003675109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of directional control-response relationships are currently found in mining equipment. Two experiments were conducted in a virtual environment to determine optimal direction control-response relationships in a wide variety of circumstances. Direction errors were measured as a function of control orientation (horizontal or vertical), location (left, front, right) and directional control-response relationships. The results confirm that the principles of consistent direction and visual field compatibility are applicable to the majority of situations. An exception is that fewer direction errors were observed when an upward movement of a horizontal lever or movement of a vertical lever away from the participants caused extension (lengthening) of the controlled device, regardless of whether the direction of movement of the control is consistent with the direction in which the extension occurs. Further, both the control of slew by horizontally oriented controls and the control of device movements in a frontal plane by the perpendicular movements of vertical levers were associated with relatively high rates of directional errors, regardless of the directional control-response relationship, and these situations should be avoided. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The results are particularly applicable to the design of mining equipment such as drilling and bolting machines, and have been incorporated into MDG35.1 Guideline for bolting & drilling plant in mines (Industry & Investment NSW, 2010). The results are also relevant to the design of any equipment where vertical or horizontal levers are used to control the movement of equipment appendages, e.g. cranes mounted to mobile equipment and the like.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Burgess-Limerick
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland 4072, Australia.
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20
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Wallis G. On the spatio-temporal limits of retinal motion compensation, and why they are the undoing of temporal binding. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Wallis G. Breaking multiple forms of view invariance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Burmester A, Wallis G. Capacity limits for the detection of changing visual features. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Carter O, Pettigrew J, Hasler F, Wallis G, Vollenweider F. Psilocybin slows binocular rivalry switching through serotonin modulation. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pollard JS, Taylor SE, Wallis G, Panchal SN, Egun AA. Bowel obstruction in the postpartum period as a result of caecal volvulus around a large uterine leiomyoma. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 29:673. [PMID: 19757285 DOI: 10.1080/01443610903100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Pollard
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
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Greig C, Spreckley K, Aspinwall R, Gillaspy E, Grant M, Ollier W, John S, Doherty M, Wallis G. Linkage to nodal osteoarthritis: quantitative and qualitative analyses of data from a whole-genome screen identify trait-dependent susceptibility loci. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1131-8. [PMID: 16504993 PMCID: PMC1798305 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.048165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify susceptibility loci for nodal osteoarthritis. METHODS A genome screen at an average marker spacing of 9.29 cM was carried out on 558 people from 202 families, of whom 491 had nodal osteoarthritis. All genotyped people were graded for the incidence and severity of distal interphalangeal (DIP) nodes, and radiographs from 354 people were graded for joint-space narrowing (JSN) and osteophytes (OSTs). Age-regressed indices for DIP nodes, JSN and OSTs were calculated using these phenotypic data. Affected sibling pair (ASP) and quantitative trait analyses were carried out using MERLIN. RESULTS The data analysis identified suggestive linkage to loci on chromosomes 3 (for JSN and OST), 4 (for JSN), 8 (for DIP), 11 (for radiographic osteoarthritis) and 16 (for JSN). Both the ASP and quantitative analyses identified the loci on chromosomes 4 and 11. The loci on chromosomes 3 and 16 overlap with those previously identified for large-joint osteoarthritis. Of the loci identified by the quantitative analyses with the logarithm of the odds of linkage >1.5, two were linked to more than one trait, whereas nine were linked to single traits: one for DIP, six for JSN and two for OST. CONCLUSION The ASP and quantitative analyses of the cohort with nodal osteoarthritis suggest that multiple susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis influence the traits, which combine to form the osteoarthritis phenotype, and that these loci may not act exclusively on the joints of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Greig
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Eyre S, Roby P, Wolstencroft K, Spreckley K, Aspinwall R, Bayoumi R, Al-Gazali L, Ramesar R, Beighton P, Gleghorn L, Wallis G. Identification of a locus for a form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia on chromosome 15q26.1: exclusion of aggrecan as a candidate gene. J Med Genet 2005; 42:e34. [PMID: 15937074 PMCID: PMC1736074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Abstract
Despite their limitations, linear filter models continue to be used to simulate the receptive field properties of cortical simple cells. For theoreticians interested in large scale models of visual cortex, a family of self-similar filters represents a convenient way in which to characterise simple cells in one basic model. This paper reviews research on the suitability of such models, and goes on to advance biologically motivated reasons for adopting a particular group of models in preference to all others. In particular, the paper describes why the Gabor model, so often used in network simulations, should be dropped in favour of a Cauchy model, both on the grounds of frequency response and mutual filter orthogonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wallis
- Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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Eyre S, Roby P, Wolstencroft K, Spreckley K, Aspinwall R, Bayoumi R, Al-Gazali L, Ramesar R, Beighton P, Wallis G. Identification of a locus for a form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia on chromosome 15q26.1: exclusion of aggrecan as a candidate gene. J Med Genet 2002; 39:634-8. [PMID: 12205105 PMCID: PMC1735219 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.9.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated a family with an autosomal dominant form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) characterised by short stature and severe premature degenerative arthropathy. Previous studies have excluded linkage between this condition and the locus for the type II collagen gene. Here we report the identification of linkage between this disorder and a locus on the long arm of chromosome 15 between markers D15S979 and D15S1004. According to current linkage maps and sequence data, this locus includes that of the aggrecan gene (AGC1). Our linkage data from the SED family show, however, that AGC1 maps to a locus that is proximal to D15S979. This proximal location for AGC1 is further supported by linkage data from a second family with an autosomal recessive form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia that also maps to the SED locus. In both families AGC1 is therefore excluded as a candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eyre
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Pace JM, Atkinson M, Willing MC, Wallis G, Byers PH. Deletions and duplications of Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplet repeats in the triple helical domains of type I collagen chains disrupt helix formation and result in several types of osteogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mutat 2001; 18:319-26. [PMID: 11668615 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple helix formation is a prerequisite for the passage of type I procollagen from the endoplasmic reticulum and secretion from the cell to form extracellular fibrils that will support mineral deposition in bone. Analysis of cDNA from 11 unrelated individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) revealed the presence of 11 novel, short in-frame deletions or duplications of three, nine, or 18 nucleotides in the helical coding regions of the COL1A1 and COL1A2 collagen genes. Triple helix formation was impaired, type I collagen alpha chains were post-translationally overmodified, and extracellular secretion was markedly reduced. With one exception, the obligate Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat pattern of amino acids in the helical domains was not altered, but the Xaa- and Yaa position residues were out of register relative to the amino acid sequences of adjacent chains in the triple helix. Thus, the identity of these amino acids, in addition to third position glycines, is important for normal helix formation. These findings expand the known repertoire of uncommon in-frame deletions and duplications in OI, and provide insight into normal collagen biosynthesis and collagen triple helix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pace
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Wiebe MG, Karandikar A, Robson GD, Trinci AP, Candia JL, Trappe S, Wallis G, Rinas U, Derkx PM, Madrid SM, Sisniega H, Faus I, Montijn R, van den Hondel CA, Punt PJ. Production of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 76:164-74. [PMID: 11505386 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A protease-deficient strain of Aspergillus niger has been used as a host for the production of human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). In defined medium, up to 0.07 mg t-PA (g biomass)(-1) was produced in batch and fed-batch cultures and production was increased two- to threefold in two-phase batch cultures in which additional glucose was provided as a single pulse at the end of the first batch growth phase. Production was increased [up to 1.9 mg t-PA (g biomass)(-1)] by the addition of soy peptone to the defined medium. The rate of t-PA production in batch cultures supplemented with soy peptone (0.2 to 0.6 mg t-PA L(-1) h(-1)) was comparable to rates observed previously in high-producing mammalian or insect cell cultures. In glucose-limited chemostat culture supplemented with soy peptone, t-PA was produced at a rate of 0.7 mg t-PA L(-1) h(-1). Expression of t-PA in A. niger resulted in increased expression of genes (bipA, pdiA, and cypB) involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, when cypB was overexpressed in a t-PA-producing strain, t-PA production was not increased. The t-PA produced in A. niger was cleaved into two chains of similar molecular weight to two-chain human melanoma t-PA. The two chains appeared to be stable for at least 16 h in culture supernatant of the host strain. However, in general, <1% of the t-PA produced in A. niger was active, and active t-PA disappeared from the culture supernatant during the stationary phase of batch cultures, suggesting that the two-chain t-PA may have been incorrectly processed or that initial proteolytic cleavage occurred within the proteolytic domain of the protein. Total t-PA (detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay) also eventually disappeared from culture supernatants, confirming significant extracellular proteolytic activity, even though the host strain was protease-deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Wiebe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A White
- 2.205 Stopford Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Wallis G. β-Galactofuranoside glycoconjugates on conidia and conidiophores of Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(01)00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The influence of temporal association on the representation and recognition of objects was investigated. Observers were shown sequences of novel faces in which the identity of the face changed as the head rotated. As a result, observers showed a tendency to treat the views as if they were of the same person. Additional experiments revealed that this was only true if the training sequences depicted head rotations rather than jumbled views; in other words, the sequence had to be spatially as well as temporally smooth. Results suggest that we are continuously associating views of objects to support later recognition, and that we do so not only on the basis of the physical similarity, but also the correlated appearance in time of the objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wallis
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Stewart CA, Hyam K, Wallis G, Sang H, Robinson KA, Floyd RA, Kotake Y, Hensley K. Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone demonstrates broad-spectrum inhibition of apoptosis-associated gene expression in endotoxin-treated rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 365:71-4. [PMID: 10222040 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic exposure to gram-negative bacterial substances such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, or endotoxin) induces an uncontrolled, massive inflammatory reaction which culminates in multiple system organ failure and death. Septic shock often does not respond to corticosteroids; however, certain low-molecular-weight antioxidant compounds have been discovered to possess potent anti-inflammatory action, and some of these novel compounds can rescue animals from experimentally induced septic shock. Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) is the archetype of the nitrone class of antioxidants which we have previously shown to suppress LPS-induced cytokine biosynthesis in vivo. Using a multiprobe ribonuclease protection assay, we now demonstrate the ability of PBN to suppress proapoptotic gene expression in the LPS-induced model of endotoxic shock. The broad-spectrum gene-suppressive affects of PBN are discussed in the context of inflammatory signal transduction and models are proposed to explain why certain antioxidants may also possess anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stewart
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 Northeast 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Roby P, Eyre S, Worthington J, Ramesar R, Cilliers H, Beighton P, Grant M, Wallis G. Autosomal dominant (Beukes) premature degenerative osteoarthropathy of the hip joint maps to an 11-cM region on chromosome 4q35. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:904-8. [PMID: 10053028 PMCID: PMC1377811 DOI: 10.1086/302291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence was sought for genetic anticipation (disease occurring at an earlier age in subsequent generations, with increasing severity) in nodal osteoarthritis (NOA). METHODS Age at symptom onset and disease severity was compared within 30 parent/offspring pairs with NOA. Correlation between the offspring age of disease onset and the parental age at conception was also assessed. RESULTS The age at onset of nodal symptoms was earlier in the offspring (43 years (95% confidence intervals (CI) 38 to 47) v 61 (CI 58 to 65); mean difference 18 years (CI 13 to 22): p < 0.001) as was larger joint symptom onset (48 years (CI 41 to 55) v 67 (CI 61 to 73); mean difference 20 years (CI 13 to 27): p < 0.01). A negative correlation existed between age of offspring symptom onset and parental age at conception. Fifteen (50%) offspring had similar or more extensive disease than their parents. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest genetic anticipation occurs in NOA and if confirmed a search for trinucleotide repeats is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Wright
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Nottingham
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Wallis G. Spatio-temporal influences at the neural level of object recognition. Network 1998; 9:265-278. [PMID: 9861989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In late 1988, Miyashita published work reporting recordings of single cells in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey (Miyashita 1988 Nature 335 817-20). He described the responses of neurons to a sequence of random fractal pattern images, and how many of the neurons tested were seen to respond strongly to a subset of the images on the basis of sequence presentation order, i.e. appearance in time, rather than their spatial similarity. In this work, I describe a local Hebb-like learning rule which in conjunction with a simple feedforward neural architecture is capable of replicating the type of temporal-order association apparent in the cells from which he made recordings. The paper also advances reasons for requiring such learning by describing its possible role in establishing transformation invariant representations of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wallis
- Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, Tübingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Brackett
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Abstract
A means for establishing transformation-invariant representations of objects is proposed and analyzed, in which different views are associated on the basis of the temporal order of the presentation of these views, as well as their spatial similarity. Assuming knowledge of the distribution of presentation times, an optimal linear learning rule is derived. Simulations of a competitive network trained on a character recognition task are then used t highlight the success of this learning rule in relation to simple Hebbian learning and to show that the theory can give accurate quantitative predictions for the optimal parameters for such networks.
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Tabatabaie T, Kotake Y, Wallis G, Jacob JM, Floyd RA. Spin trapping agent phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone protects against the onset of drug-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. FEBS Lett 1997; 407:148-52. [PMID: 9166889 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease believed to be caused by an inflammatory process in the pancreas leading to selective destruction of the beta-cells. Cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) have been shown to be involved in this destruction. Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) has demonstrated protective effects against several pathological conditions including ischemia-reperfusion injury and endotoxin-induced shock. We report here that PBN co-administration can prevent the onset of the STZ-induced diabetes in mice. PBN co-treatment inhibited the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, the elevation in the level of glycated hemoglobin and weight loss in the treated mice. Histological observations indicated destruction of B-cells in the STZ-treated animals and its prevention by PBN co-treatment. EPR spin trapping experiments in the pancreas indicated the in vivo formation of NO in STZ-treated animals and its attenuation by PBN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tabatabaie
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Neurophysiological evidence is described, showing that some neurons in the macaque temporal cortical visual areas have responses that are invariant with respect to the position, size and view of faces and objects, and that these neurons show rapid processing and rapid learning. A theory is then described of how such invariant representations may be produced in a hierarchically organized set of visual cortical areas with convergent connectivity. The theory proposes that neurons in these visual areas use a modified Hebb synaptic modification rule with a short-term memory trace to capture whatever can be captured at each stage that is invariant about objects as the object changes in retinal position, size, rotation and view. Simulations are then described which explore the operation of the architecture. The simulations show that such a processing system can build invariant representations of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wallis
- Oxford University, Department of Experimental Psychology, U.K
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Wallis G. Should we buy liaison psychiatry? J R Soc Med 1996; 89:726. [PMID: 9014895 PMCID: PMC1296054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Wallis G, Brackett D, Lerner M, Kotake Y, Bolli R, McCay PB. In vivo spin trapping of nitric oxide generated in the small intestine, liver, and kidney during the development of endotoxemia: a time-course study. Shock 1996; 6:274-8. [PMID: 8902945 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-199610000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Spin trapping of nitric oxide (NO.) in vivo in liver, small intestine, kidney, and plasma of intact rats was accomplished using diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) administered intraperitoneally. DETC combines with Fe2+ to form (DETC)2-Fe and is an excellent trapping agent for nitric oxide. DETC distribution and uptake by the organs of interest was determined and the formation of the active trapping agent (DETC)2-Fe was assayed in the various organs and plasma. The capacity of this spin trap to capture NO. in vivo was demonstrated by administering sodium nitroprusside to the animals. The trapping procedure was then used to assess the course of NO. generation during a 6 h period in animals that had been treated with endotoxin. The rate of NO. generation/gram tissue was determined during the last 15 min of each time period. The results indicate that induction of nitric oxide generation begins earliest in the small intestine, then in the liver, and still later in the kidney and plasma. Nitric oxide production was most intense in the liver and was still increasing at the end of the experiment. Control animals receiving the spin trapping agent showed only little or no evidence of nitric oxide production except for the small intestine. The results show that induction of NO. generation caused by endotoxin begins at different times in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wallis
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Sykes B, Ogilvie D, Wordsworth P, Wallis G, Mathew C, Beighton P, Nicholls A, Pope FM, Thompson E, Tsipouras P. Consistent linkage of dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta to the type I collagen loci: COL1A1 and COL1A2. Am J Hum Genet 1990; 46:293-307. [PMID: 1967900 PMCID: PMC1684971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The segregation of COL1A1 and COL1A2, the two genes which encode the chains of type I collagen, was analyzed in 38 dominant osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) pedigrees by using polymorphic markers within or close to the genes. This was done in order to estimate the consistency of linkage of OI genes to these two loci. None of the 38 pedigrees showed evidence of recombination between the OI gene and both collagen loci, suggesting that the frequency of unlinked loci in the population must be low. From these results, approximate 95% confidence limits for the proportion of families linked to the type I collagen genes can be set between .91 and 1.00. This is high enough to base prenatal diagnosis of dominantly inherited OI on linkage to these genes even in families which are too small for the linkage to be independently confirmed to high levels of significance. When phenotypic features were compared with the concordant collagen locus, all eight pedigrees with Sillence OI type IV segregated with COL1A2. On the other hand, Sillence OI type I segregated with both COL1A1 (17 pedigrees) and COL1A2 (7 pedigrees). The concordant locus was uncertain in the remaining six OI type I pedigrees. Of several other features, the presence or absence of presenile hearing loss was the best predictor of the mutant locus in OI type I families, with 13 of the 17 COL1A1 segregants and none of the 7 COL1A2 segregants showing this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sykes
- University of Oxford, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, England
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Abstract
We report on a family in which individuals have clinical features of both Emery-Dreifuss syndrome (EMD) and X-linked muscular dystrophy with contractures (XLMDC). Molecular studies on this kindred showed linkage between the disorder and probe DXS 52 (St14) located at Xq28. The gene for conventional EMD has previously been mapped to this region and our molecular findings therefore suggest that EMD and XLMDC represent the phenotypic spectrum of the same mutated gene rather than heterogeneity, as sometimes postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goldblatt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa
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Abstract
Molecular linkage analysis was undertaken on a large Mauritian kindred with X-linked mixed deafness, stapes fixation, and perilymphatic gusher (X-LDSF). DNA probe pDP34 (DXYS1) was tightly linked to the disorder, with a lod score of 6.32 at zero recombination. This observation indicates that the gene for this form of deafness maps to the Xq13-q21.1 region and has important implications for carrier screening and antenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wallis
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Goldblatt J, Ballo R, Wallis G, Shapera J, Beighton P. Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Africa. Prevention by molecular techniques. S Afr Med J 1987; 72:835-7. [PMID: 3480586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of DNA markers closely linked to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene locus has facilitated carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of this condition. More than 50 affected South African kindreds are being studied using DNA probes within and flanking the DMD region of the X chromosome in order to ascertain the nature of the molecular defects in affected males and to investigate the feasibility of genetic management by means of these techniques. The results of this study and the implications of this new molecular technology for DMD patients in South Africa are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goldblatt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town
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