1
|
Shiels A. Through the Cat-Map Gateway: A Brief History of Cataract Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:785. [PMID: 38927721 PMCID: PMC11202810 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clouding of the transparent eye lens, or cataract(s), is a leading cause of visual impairment that requires surgical replacement with a synthetic intraocular lens to effectively restore clear vision. Most frequently, cataract is acquired with aging as a multifactorial or complex trait. Cataract may also be inherited as a classic Mendelian trait-often with an early or pediatric onset-with or without other ocular and/or systemic features. Since the early 1990s, over 85 genes and loci have been genetically associated with inherited and/or age-related forms of cataract. While many of these underlying genes-including those for lens crystallins, connexins, and transcription factors-recapitulate signature features of lens development and differentiation, an increasing cohort of unpredicted genes, including those involved in cell-signaling, membrane remodeling, and autophagy, has emerged-providing new insights regarding lens homeostasis and aging. This review provides a brief history of gene discovery for inherited and age-related forms of cataract compiled in the Cat-Map database and highlights potential gene-based therapeutic approaches to delay, reverse, or even prevent cataract formation that may help to reduce the increasing demand for cataract surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delas F, Koller S, Feil S, Dacheva I, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Novel CRYGC Mutation in Conserved Ultraviolet-Protective Tryptophan (p.Trp131Arg) Is Linked to Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16594. [PMID: 38068917 PMCID: PMC10706789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC), the most prevalent cause of childhood blindness and amblyopia, necessitates prompt and precise genetic diagnosis. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying genetic cause in a Swiss patient with isolated CC. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variation (CNV) analysis were conducted for variant identification in a patient born with a total binocular CC without a family history of CC. Sanger Sequencing was used to confirm the variant and segregation analysis was used to screen the non-affected parents. The first de novo missense mutation at c.391T>C was identified in exon 3 of CRYGC on chromosome 2 causing the substitution of a highly conserved Tryptophan to an Arginine located at p.Trp131Arg. Previous studies exhibit significant changes in the tertiary structure of the crystallin family in the following variant locus, making CRYGC prone to aggregation aggravated by photodamage resulting in cataract. The variant can be classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria (PP3 + PM1 + PM2 + PS2; scoring 10 points). The identification of this novel variant expands the existing knowledge on the range of variants found in the CRYGC gene and contributes to a better comprehension of cataract heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Delas
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivanka Dacheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
- Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Y, Zheng Y, Deng Z, Zhang S, Tan Y, Hu Z, Tao L, Luo Y. Case Report: A de novo Variant of CRYGC Gene Associated With Congenital Cataract and Microphthalmia. Front Genet 2022; 13:866246. [PMID: 35719371 PMCID: PMC9198712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital cataract is one of the most common causes of blindness in children. A rapid and accurate genetic diagnosis benefit the patients in the pediatric department. The current study aims to identify the genetic defects in a congenital cataract patient without a family history. Case presentation: A congenital cataract patient with microphthalmia and nystagmus was recruited for this study. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant (c.394delG, p.V132Sfs*15) in CRYGC gene. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria, the variant could be annontated as pathogenic. Conclusion: Our findings provide new knowledge of the variant spectrum of CRYGC gene and are essential for understanding the heterogeneity of cataracts in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuju Zhang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yilan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Planinić A, Marić T, Bojanac AK, Ježek D. Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans. Andrology 2022; 10:1107-1120. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Planinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Tihana Marić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mora M, Board S, Languin-Cattoën O, Masino L, Stirnemann G, Garcia-Manyes S. A Single-Molecule Strategy to Capture Non-native Intramolecular and Intermolecular Protein Disulfide Bridges. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3922-3930. [PMID: 35549281 PMCID: PMC9136921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-native disulfide bonds are dynamic covalent bridges that form post-translationally between two cysteines within the same protein (intramolecular) or with a neighboring protein (intermolecular), frequently due to changes in the cellular redox potential. The reversible formation of non-native disulfides is intimately linked to alterations in protein function; while they can provide a mechanism to protect against cysteine overoxidation, they are also involved in the early stages of protein multimerization, a hallmark of several protein aggregation diseases. Yet their identification using current protein chemistry technology remains challenging, mainly because of their fleeting reactivity. Here, we use single-molecule spectroscopy AFM and molecular dynamics simulations to capture both intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds in γD-crystallin, a cysteine-rich, structural human lens protein involved in age-related eye cataracts. Our approach showcases the power of mechanical force as a conformational probe in dynamically evolving proteins and presents a platform to detect non-native disulfide bridges with single-molecule resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mora
- Department
of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom
- Single
Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, London United
Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Board
- Department
of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom
- Single
Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, London United
Kingdom
| | - Olivier Languin-Cattoën
- CNRS
Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Paris Diderot,
Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Masino
- Structural
Biology Science Technology Platform, The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Stirnemann
- CNRS
Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Paris Diderot,
Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department
of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom
- Single
Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, London United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Novel Mutation in CRYGC Mutation Associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts and Microcornea. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100093. [PMID: 36246175 PMCID: PMC9560566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Crystallin protein mutations are associated with congenital cataract (CC), and several disease-causing mutations in the CRYGC gene have been identified. We present the location of a new mutation in CRYGC in members of a Chinese family who presented with CCs with or without microcornea. Design Observational study. Participants A Chinese family diagnosed with autosomal dominant (AD) CCs with or without microphthalmia. Methods Because this was an observational study, it was not registered as a clinical trial. The proband and her 2 children were diagnosed with AD CCs and microcornea and were recruited for the study. Participants underwent complete ophthalmological examinations, and blood samples were used for genomic extraction. Main Outcome Measures We detected 1 disease-associated variant using Exomiser analysis by matching the proband’s phenotype and the inheritance pattern. The variant was determined to be pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results We detected 1 disease-associated variant using Exomiser analysis by matching the proband’s phenotype and the inheritance pattern. The variant was determined to be pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Next-generation sequencing was verified using Sanger sequencing, and we confirmed that the proband and her children carried the same mutation. We identified the heterozygous variant c.389_390insGCTG (p.C130fs), which includes a frameshift mutation. The residues in p.C130fs are all highly conserved across species. This disease-causing frameshift mutation in the CRYGC gene is not currently present in the ClinVar database. Conclusions Our findings expand the repertoire of known mutations in the CRYGC gene that cause CCs and provide new insights into the etiology and molecular diagnosis of CCs; however, the molecular mechanism of this mutation warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shiels A, Hejtmancik JF. Inherited cataracts: Genetic mechanisms and pathways new and old. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108662. [PMID: 34126080 PMCID: PMC8595562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cataract(s) is the clinical equivalent of lens opacity and is caused by light scattering either by high molecular weight protein aggregates in lens cells or disruption of the lens microarchitecture itself. Genetic mutations underlying inherited cataract can provide insight into the biological processes and pathways critical for lens homeostasis and transparency, classically including the lens crystallins, connexins, membrane proteins or components, and intermediate filament proteins. More recently, cataract genes have been expanded to include newly identified biological processes such as chaperone or protein degradation components, transcription or growth factors, channels active in the lens circulation, and collagen and extracellular matrix components. Cataracts can be classified by age, and in general congenital cataracts are caused by severe mutations resulting in major damage to lens proteins, while age related cataracts are associated with variants that merely destabilize proteins thereby increasing susceptibility to environmental insults over time. Thus there might be separate pathways to opacity for congenital and age-related cataracts whereby congenital cataracts induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis to destroy the lens microarchitecture, while in age related cataract high molecular weight (HMW) aggregates formed by denatured crystallins bound by α-crystallin result in light scattering without severe damage to the lens microarchitecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1860, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Berry V, Ionides A, Pontikos N, Georgiou M, Yu J, Ocaka LA, Moore AT, Quinlan RA, Michaelides M. The genetic landscape of crystallins in congenital cataract. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:333. [PMID: 33243271 PMCID: PMC7691105 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The crystalline lens is mainly composed of a large family of soluble proteins called the crystallins, which are responsible for its development, growth, transparency and refractive index. Disease-causing sequence variants in the crystallins are responsible for nearly 50% of all non-syndromic inherited congenital cataracts, as well as causing cataract associated with other diseases, including myopathies. To date, more than 300 crystallin sequence variants causing cataract have been identified. Methods Here we aimed to identify the genetic basis of disease in five multi-generation British families and five sporadic cases with autosomal dominant congenital cataract using whole exome sequencing, with identified variants validated using Sanger sequencing. Following bioinformatics analysis, rare or novel variants with a moderate to damaging pathogenicity score, were filtered out and tested for segregation within the families. Results We have identified 10 different heterozygous crystallin variants. Five recurrent variants were found: family-A, with a missense variant (c.145C>T; p.R49C) in CRYAA associated with nuclear cataract; family-B, with a deletion in CRYBA1 (c.272delGAG; p.G91del) associated with nuclear cataract; and family-C, with a truncating variant in CRYGD (c.470G>A; W157*) causing a lamellar phenotype; individuals I and J had variants in CRYGC (c.13A>C; T5P) and in CRYGD (c.418C>T; R140*) causing unspecified congenital cataract and nuclear cataract, respectively. Five novel disease-causing variants were also identified: family D harboured a variant in CRYGC (c.179delG; R60Qfs*) responsible for a nuclear phenotype; family E, harboured a variant in CRYBB1 (c.656G>A; W219*) associated with lamellar cataract; individual F had a variant in CRYGD (c.392G>A; W131*) associated with nuclear cataract; and individuals G and H had variants in CRYAA (c.454delGCC; A152del) and in CRYBB1 (c.618C>A; Y206*) respectively, associated with unspecified congenital cataract. All novel variants were predicted to be pathogenic and to be moderately or highly damaging. Conclusions We report five novel variants and five known variants. Some are rare variants that have been reported previously in small ethnic groups but here we extend this to the wider population and record a broader phenotypic spectrum for these variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Berry
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Alex Ionides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Louise A Ocaka
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.,Ophthalmology Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kandaswamy DK, Vasantha K, Graw J, Santhiya ST. A novel CRYGC E128* mutation underlying an autosomal dominant nuclear cataract in a south Indian kindred. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:556-562. [PMID: 32811259 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the mutation causing an autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a south Indian family by whole exome sequencing and to characterize further phenotypically the same in a zebra fish model. METHODS A six-generation family (DKEC1) with several affected members registered at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Chennai was documented to have congenital nuclear cataract. Detailed clinical history and blood samples were collected from all available family members. Genomic DNA of the proband was subjected to whole exome sequencing. Sequence variations suggestive of putative mutations were further confirmed by bidirectional sequencing and restriction site analysis. Functional analysis of the mutant CRYGC E128* in zebrafish embryos was done to dissect out the pathogenicity. RESULTS A unique variation viz., c.382 G > T in the coding region of the CRYGC gene, resulting in a premature stop codon at position 128 (E128*) was documented in the affected family members. The same was absent in unaffected family members and in 120 unrelated population controls checked. Bioinformatic tools predicted that the mutation might cause a deleterious effect on protein structure and function. Molecular function analysis of this novel mutation (p. E128*, CRYGC) in the zebrafish indicated this mutation to impair lens transparency. CONCLUSION This study identified a novel CRYGC mutation, E128* to cause autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a large south Indian family. Our study provides a new insight onto how the mutation might affect the γC-crystallin structure and function besides emphasizing the need for genetic diagnosis toward vision restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Kandaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Chennai, India.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff, UK
| | - K Vasantha
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Government Eye Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Neuherberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mudogo CN, Falke S, Brognaro H, Duszenko M, Betzel C. Protein phase separation and determinants of in cell crystallization. Traffic 2019; 21:220-230. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celestin N. Mudogo
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and InflammationInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Sven Falke
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and InflammationInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Hévila Brognaro
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and InflammationInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Centre for Free‐Electron‐Laser Science Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Duszenko
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian Betzel
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and InflammationInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simultaneous induction of distinct protein phase separation events in multiple subcellular compartments of a single cell. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:92-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
12
|
Quinn MK, James S, McManus JJ. Chemical Modification Alters Protein-Protein Interactions and Can Lead to Lower Protein Solubility. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4373-4379. [PMID: 31046277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical modification of proteins is at the frontier of developments in biological imaging and biopharmaceutics. With the advent of more sensitive and higher resolution imaging techniques, researchers increasingly rely on the functionalization of proteins to enable these techniques to capture cellular processes. For biopharmaceutical therapies, chemically modified proteins, for example, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer the possibility of more tailored treatments for the disease with lower toxicities than traditional small molecule therapies. However, relatively little consideration is paid to how chemical modifications impact protein-protein interactions and solution stability. Using human γD-crystallin as a model, we demonstrate that chemical modification of the protein surface alters protein-protein interactions, which can result in lower solubility depending on the chemical nature of the modifier and the position on the protein where the modification is made. Understanding these effects is essential to ensure that modifying proteins effectively occurs with minimum self-association and that studies carried out using labeled proteins accurately reflect those of unmodified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Quinn
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland
| | - Susan James
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland
| | - Jennifer J McManus
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schönherr R, Rudolph JM, Redecke L. Protein crystallization in living cells. Biol Chem 2019; 399:751-772. [PMID: 29894295 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystallization in living cells has been observed surprisingly often as a native assembly process during the past decades, and emerging evidence indicates that this phenomenon is also accessible for recombinant proteins. But only recently the advent of high-brilliance synchrotron sources, X-ray free-electron lasers, and improved serial data collection strategies has allowed the use of these micrometer-sized crystals for structural biology. Thus, in cellulo crystallization could offer exciting new possibilities for proteins that do not crystallize applying conventional approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of intracellular protein crystallization. This includes an overview of the cellular functions, the physical properties, and, if known, the mode of regulation of native in cellulo crystal formation, complemented with a discussion of the reported crystallization events of recombinant proteins and the current method developments to successfully collect X-ray diffraction data from in cellulo crystals. Although the intracellular protein self-assembly mechanisms are still poorly understood, regulatory differences between native in cellulo crystallization linked to a specific function and accidently crystallizing proteins, either disease associated or recombinantly introduced, become evident. These insights are important to systematically exploit living cells as protein crystallization chambers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schönherr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janine Mia Rudolph
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Redecke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reis LM, Semina EV. Genetic landscape of isolated pediatric cataracts: extreme heterogeneity and variable inheritance patterns within genes. Hum Genet 2018; 138:847-863. [PMID: 30187164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cataract represents an important cause of pediatric visual impairment. While both genetic and environmental causes for pediatric cataract are known, a large proportion remains idiopathic. The purpose of this review is to discuss genes involved in isolated pediatric cataract, with a focus on variable inheritance patterns within genes. Mutations in over 52 genes are known to cause isolated pediatric cataract, with a major contribution from genes encoding for crystallins, transcription factors, membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Interestingly, both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns have been reported for mutations in 13 different cataract genes. For some genes, dominant and recessive alleles represent distinct types of mutations, but for many, especially missense variants, there are no clear patterns to distinguish between dominant and recessive alleles. Further research into the functional effects of these mutations, as well as additional data on the frequency of the identified variants, is needed to clarify variant pathogenicity. Exome sequencing continues to be successful in identifying novel genes associated with congenital cataract but is hindered by the extreme genetic heterogeneity of this condition. The large number of idiopathic cases suggests that more genes and potentially novel mechanisms of gene disruption remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou HX, Pang X. Electrostatic Interactions in Protein Structure, Folding, Binding, and Condensation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1691-1741. [PMID: 29319301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Charged and polar groups, through forming ion pairs, hydrogen bonds, and other less specific electrostatic interactions, impart important properties to proteins. Modulation of the charges on the amino acids, e.g., by pH and by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, have significant effects such as protein denaturation and switch-like response of signal transduction networks. This review aims to present a unifying theme among the various effects of protein charges and polar groups. Simple models will be used to illustrate basic ideas about electrostatic interactions in proteins, and these ideas in turn will be used to elucidate the roles of electrostatic interactions in protein structure, folding, binding, condensation, and related biological functions. In particular, we will examine how charged side chains are spatially distributed in various types of proteins and how electrostatic interactions affect thermodynamic and kinetic properties of proteins. Our hope is to capture both important historical developments and recent experimental and theoretical advances in quantifying electrostatic contributions of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Xiaodong Pang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Javadiyan S, Craig JE, Souzeau E, Sharma S, Lower KM, Mackey DA, Staffieri SE, Elder JE, Taranath D, Straga T, Black J, Pater J, Casey T, Hewitt AW, Burdon KP. High-Throughput Genetic Screening of 51 Pediatric Cataract Genes Identifies Causative Mutations in Inherited Pediatric Cataract in South Eastern Australia. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:3257-3268. [PMID: 28839118 PMCID: PMC5633377 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cataract is a leading cause of childhood blindness. This study aimed to determine the genetic cause of pediatric cataract in Australian families by screening known disease-associated genes using massively parallel sequencing technology. We sequenced 51 previously reported pediatric cataract genes in 33 affected individuals with a family history (cases with previously known or published mutations were excluded) using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Variants were prioritized for validation if they were predicted to alter the protein sequence and were absent or rare with minor allele frequency <1% in public databases. Confirmed mutations were assessed for segregation with the phenotype in all available family members. All identified novel or previously reported cataract-causing mutations were screened in 326 unrelated Australian controls. We detected 11 novel mutations in GJA3, GJA8, CRYAA, CRYBB2, CRYGS, CRYGA, GCNT2, CRYGA, and MIP; and three previously reported cataract-causing mutations in GJA8, CRYAA, and CRYBB2 The most commonly mutated genes were those coding for gap junctions and crystallin proteins. Including previous reports of pediatric cataract-associated mutations in our Australian cohort, known genes account for >60% of familial pediatric cataract in Australia, indicating that still more causative genes remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Deepa Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Tania Straga
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Joanna Black
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - John Pater
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Theresa Casey
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Whitley MJ, Xi Z, Bartko JC, Jensen MR, Blackledge M, Gronenborn AM. A Combined NMR and SAXS Analysis of the Partially Folded Cataract-Associated V75D γD-Crystallin. Biophys J 2017; 112:1135-1146. [PMID: 28355541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cataract is a pathological condition characterized by the clouding of the normally clear eye lens brought about by deposition of crystallin proteins in the lens fiber cells. These protein aggregates reduce visual acuity by scattering or blocking incoming light. Chemical damage to proteins of the crystallin family, accumulated over a lifetime, leads to age-related cataract, whereas inherited mutations are associated with congenital or early-onset cataract. The V75D mutant of γD-crystallin is associated with congenital cataract in mice and was previously shown to un/fold via a partially folded intermediate. Here, we structurally characterized the stable equilibrium urea unfolding intermediate of V75D at the ensemble level using solution NMR and small-angle x-ray scattering. Our data show that, in the intermediate, the C-terminal domain retains a folded conformation that is similar to the native wild-type protein, whereas the N-terminal domain is unfolded and comprises an ensemble of random conformers, without any detectable residual structural propensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Whitley
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaoyong Xi
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan C Bartko
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Martin Blackledge
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang M, Zhang X, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang Z, Han Z, Ke M, Chen X. Identification of proteins in the aqueous humor associated with cataract development using iTRAQ methodology. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3111-3120. [PMID: 28339073 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in the aqueous humor (AH) are important in the induction of cataract development. The identification of cataract-associated proteins assists in identifying patients and predisposed to the condition and improve treatment efficacy. Proteomics analysis has previously been used for identifying protein markers associated with eye diseases; however, few studies have examined the proteomic alterations in cataract development due to high myopia, glaucoma and diabetes. The present study, using the isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification methodology, aimed to examine cataract-associated proteins in the AH from patients with high myopia, glaucoma or diabetes, and controls. The results revealed that 445 proteins were identified in the AH groups, compared with the control groups, and 146, 264 and 130 proteins were differentially expressed in the three groups of patients, respectively. In addition, 44 of these proteins were determined to be cataract‑associated, and the alterations of five randomly selected proteins were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The biological functions of these 44 cataract-associated proteins were analyzed using Gen Ontology/pathways annotation, in addition to protein‑protein interaction network analysis. The results aimed to expand current knowledge of the pathophysiologic characteristics of cataract development and provided a panel of candidates for biomarkers of the disease, which may assist in further diagnosis and the monitoring of cataract development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhumei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novel mutations in CRYGC are associated with congenital cataracts in Chinese families. Sci Rep 2017; 7:189. [PMID: 28298635 PMCID: PMC5428270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC), responsible for about one-third of blindness in infants, is a major cause of vision loss in children worldwide. 10–25% of CC cases are attributed to genetic causes and CC is a clinically and genetically highly heterogeneous lens disorder in children. Autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance is the most commonly pattern. 195 unrelated non-syndromic ADCC families in this study are recruited from 15 provinces of China. Sanger sequencing approach followed by intra-familial co-segregation, in Silico analyses and interpretation of the variations according to the published guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), were employed to determine the genetic defects. Two mutations (p.Tyr139X and p.Ser166Phe) identified in two unrelated families were associated with their congenital nuclear cataracts and microcornea respectively, which are also reported previously. Six novel CRYGC mutations (p.Asp65ThrfsX38, p.Arg142GlyfsX5, p.Arg142AlafsX22, p.Tyr144X, p.Arg169X, and p.Tyr46Asp) were identified in other six families with congenital nuclear cataracts, respectively. Mutations in the CRYGC were responsible for 4.1% Chinese ADCC families in our cohort. Our results expand the spectrum of CRYGC mutations as well as their associated phenotypes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Messina-Baas O, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Inherited Congenital Cataract: A Guide to Suspect the Genetic Etiology in the Cataract Genesis. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:58-78. [PMID: 28611546 DOI: 10.1159/000455752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the principal cause of treatable blindness worldwide. Inherited congenital cataract (CC) shows all types of inheritance patterns in a syndromic and nonsyndromic form. There are more than 100 genes associated with cataract with a predominance of autosomal dominant inheritance. A cataract is defined as an opacity of the lens producing a variation of the refractive index of the lens. This variation derives from modifications in the lens structure resulting in light scattering, frequently a consequence of a significant concentration of high-molecular-weight protein aggregates. The aim of this review is to introduce a guide to identify the gene involved in inherited CC. Due to the manifold clinical and genetic heterogeneity, we discarded the cataract phenotype as a cardinal sign; a 4-group classification with the genes implicated in inherited CC is proposed. We consider that this classification will assist in identifying the probable gene involved in inherited CC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu P, Li W, Ni M, Zhang C, Liu S, Wu Q, Jiang W, Zhang J, Zhang M, Li X, Cui Y, Xue C, Xia X. The P20R mutation of αB-crystallin diminishes its anti-apoptotic activity in human lens epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:463-467. [PMID: 28007594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
αB-crystallin acts as an anti-apoptosis protein in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. We recently identified a missense mutation in αB-crystallin that changes proline 20 to an arginine (P20R) in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital posterior polar cataract. The impact of the P20R mutation on the anti-apoptosis function remains unclear. To explore the anti-apoptotic activity of αB-crystallin wild type (αB-wt) and its P20R mutant under oxidative stress, HLE cells were transfected with αB-wt and αB-P20R constructs and expression was measured by western blotting. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) staining were performed to investigate apoptosis. We found that αB-wt performed a dominant role in inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis, but this function was impeded in cells expressing αB-P20R. The P20R mutant of αB-crystallin exhibits diminished anti-apoptotic activity compared with the native protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhu
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Mengxia Ni
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Wu
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Weijun Jiang
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Yingxia Cui
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Chunyan Xue
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A Novel CRYBB2 Stopgain Mutation Causing Congenital Autosomal Dominant Cataract in a Chinese Family. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:4353957. [PMID: 28025620 PMCID: PMC5153472 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4353957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract is the most common cause of the visual disability and blindness in childhood. This study aimed to identify gene mutations responsible for autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC) in a Chinese family using next-generation sequencing technology. This family included eight unaffected and five affected individuals. After complete ophthalmic examinations, the blood samples of the proband and two available family members were collected. Then the whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and Sanger sequencing was applied to validate the causal mutation in the two family members and control samples. After the whole exome sequencing data were filtered through a series of existing variation databases, a heterozygous mutation c.499T<G (p.E167X) in CRYBB2 gene was found. And the results showed that the mutation cosegregated with the disease phenotype in the family and was absolutely absent in 1000 ethnicity-matched control samples. Thus, the heterozygous mutation c.499T<G (p.E167X) in CRYBB2 was the causal mutation responsible for this ADCC family. In conclusion, our findings revealed a novel stopgain mutation c.499T<G (p.E167X) in the exon 6 of CRYBB2 which expanded the mutation spectrum of CRYBB2 in Chinese congenital cataract population and illustrated the important role of CRYBB2 in the genetics research of congenital cataract.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen JH, Huang C, Zhang B, Yin S, Liang J, Xu C, Huang Y, Cen LP, Ng TK, Zheng C, Zhang S, Chen H, Pang CP, Zhang M. Mutations of RagA GTPase in mTORC1 Pathway Are Associated with Autosomal Dominant Cataracts. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006090. [PMID: 27294265 PMCID: PMC4905677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are a significant public health problem with no proven methods for prevention. Discovery of novel disease mechanisms to delineate new therapeutic targets is of importance in cataract prevention and therapy. Herein, we report that mutations in the RagA GTPase (RRAGA), a key regulator of the mechanistic rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), are associated with autosomal dominant cataracts. We performed whole exome sequencing in a family with autosomal dominant juvenile-onset cataracts, and identified a novel p.Leu60Arg mutation in RRAGA that co-segregated with the disease, after filtering against the dbSNP database, and at least 123,000 control chromosomes from public and in-house exome databases. In a follow-up direct screening of RRAGA in another 22 families and 142 unrelated patients with congenital or juvenile-onset cataracts, RRAGA was found to be mutated in two unrelated patients (p.Leu60Arg and c.-16G>A respectively). Functional studies in human lens epithelial cells revealed that the RRAGA mutations exerted deleterious effects on mTORC1 signaling, including increased relocation of RRAGA to the lysosomes, up-regulated mTORC1 phosphorylation, down-regulated autophagy, altered cell growth or compromised promoter activity. These data indicate that the RRAGA mutations, associated with autosomal dominant cataracts, play a role in the disease by acting through disruption of mTORC1 signaling. A group of guanine nucleotide-binding molecules called Rag GTPases are known to play a crucial role in regulation of mTORC1 signaling cascade. In the current study, whole exome sequencing has led to the identification of the RagA GTPase (RRAGA) gene for cataracts and we proceeded to study properties of the RRAGA protein. We captured and sequenced the whole exome for four affected patients from a family with autosomal dominant juvenile-onset posterior cataracts, and found a novel rare mutation in RagA GTPase (RRAGA). To validate this finding, we then sequenced more families and patients, and observed RRAGA mutations in unrelated patients with related phenotypes, suggesting that RRAGA could be mutated in congenital and juvenile-onset cataracts. We further demonstrated supporting evidence that in human lens epithelial cells the RRAGA mutations exerted deleterious effects on relocation of RRAGA to the lysosomes, mTORC1 phosphorylation, autophagy and cell growth. This study gives important new insight into the roles of RRAGA and mTROC1 signaling in the etiology of cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Huan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chukai Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Bining Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Jiajian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Tsz-Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ce Zheng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Shaobin Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (CPP); (MZ)
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (CPP); (MZ)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang G, Chen Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhao J. Novel mutations in CRYGD are associated with congenital cataracts in Chinese families. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18912. [PMID: 26732753 PMCID: PMC4702117 DOI: 10.1038/srep18912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous lens disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic defects and to investigate the relationships between disease-causing genes and lens morphology in congenital cataracts. Patients were given a physical examination, and their blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing of the following candidate genes: CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGS, GJA8, GJA3 and CRYAA. Mutational analysis of CRYGD identified a recurrent (p.P24T) mutation in two unrelated families with congenital coralliform cataracts and three novel (p.Q101X, p.E104fsX4 and p.E135X) mutations in three families with congenital nuclear cataracts. The p.E135X mutation is a de novo mutation. Haplotype analysis showed patients inherited the same CRYGD allele originated from father. The p.E135X mutation seen in two siblings suggests a mechanism of gonadal mosaicism in the father.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Yang
- Department of Opthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China.,Hebei Provincial Key laboratory of ophthalmology, Hebei, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Wulin Zhang
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Opthalmology, Hebei Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- Department of Opthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji Y, Rong X, Ye H, Zhang K, Lu Y. Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor proteins associated with cataract development. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
26
|
Khan MS, Tabrez S, Bhat SA, Rabbani N, Al-Senaidy AM, Bano B. Effect of trifluoroethanol on α-crystallin: folding, aggregation, amyloid, and cytotoxicity analysis. J Mol Recognit 2015; 29:33-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - Nayyar Rabbani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhuang X, Wang L, Song Z, Xiao W. A Novel Insertion Variant of CRYGD Is Associated with Congenital Nuclear Cataract in a Chinese Family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131471. [PMID: 26147294 PMCID: PMC4493073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate a novel insertion variant of CRYGD identified in a Chinese family with nuclear congenital cataract. Methods A Chinese family with congenital nuclear cataract was recruited for the mutational screening of candidate genes by direct sequencing. Recombinant N-terminal Myc tagged wildtype or mutant CRYGD was expressed in HEK293T cells. The expression pattern, protein solubility and subcellular distribution were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Principal Findings A novel insertion variant, c.451_452insGACT, in CRYGD was identified in the patients. It causes a frameshift and a premature termination of the polypeptide to become Y151*. A significantly reduced solubility was observed for this mutant. Unlike wildtype CRYGD, which existed mainly in the cytoplasm, Y151* was mis-located in the nucleus. Conclusions We have identified a novel mutation, c.451_452insGACT, in CRYGD, which is associated with nuclear cataract. This is the first insertion mutation of CRYGD found to cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract. The mutant protein, with loss of solubility and localization to the nucleus, is hypothesized to be the major cause of cataract in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Zixun Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vendra VPR, Khan I, Chandani S, Muniyandi A, Balasubramanian D. Gamma crystallins of the human eye lens. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:333-43. [PMID: 26116913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein crystallins co me in three types (α, β and γ) and are found predominantly in the eye, and particularly in the lens, where they are packed into a compact, plastic, elastic, and transparent globule of proper refractive power range that aids in focusing incoming light on to the retina. Of these, the γ-crystallins are found largely in the nuclear region of the lens at very high concentrations (>400 mg/ml). The connection between their structure and inter-molecular interactions and lens transparency is an issue of particular interest. SCOPE OF REVIEW We review the origin and phylogeny of the gamma crystallins, their special structure involving the use of Greek key supersecondary structural motif, and how they aid in offering the appropriate refractive index gradient, intermolecular short range attractive interactions (aiding in packing them into a transparent ball), the role that several of the constituent amino acid residues play in this process, the thermodynamic and kinetic stability and how even single point mutations can upset this delicate balance and lead to intermolecular aggregation, forming light-scattering particles which compromise transparency. We cite several examples of this, and illustrate this by cloning, expressing, isolating and comparing the properties of the mutant protein S39C of human γS-crystallin (associated with congenital cataract-microcornea), with those of the wild type molecule. In addition, we note that human γ-crystallins are also present in other parts of the eye (e.g., retina), where their functions are yet to be understood. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS There are several 'crucial' residues in and around the Greek key motifs which are essential to maintain the compact architecture of the crystallin molecules. We find that a mutation that replaces even one of these residues can lead to reduction in solubility, formation of light-scattering particles and loss of transparency in the molecular assembly. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Such a molecular understanding of the process helps us construct the continuum of genotype-molecular structural phenotype-clinical (pathological) phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Pulla Rao Vendra
- Ophthalmic Molecular Genetics Section, National Eye Institute, Building 5635FL, Room 1S24, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, United States.
| | - Ismail Khan
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034 Telangana, India.
| | - Sushil Chandani
- Plot 32, LIC Colony, W Marredpally, Secunderabad 500026, Telangana, India.
| | - Anbukkarasi Muniyandi
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dorairajan Balasubramanian
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034 Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
SIPA1L3 identified by linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing as a novel gene for autosomal recessive congenital cataract. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1627-33. [PMID: 25804400 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC) is one of the most important causes for blindness or visual impairment in infancy. A substantial proportion of isolated CCs has monogenic causes. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, and all Mendelian modes of inheritance have been reported. We mapped a locus for isolated CC on 19p13.1-q13.2 in a distantly consanguineous German family with two sisters affected by dense white cataracts. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense variant c.4489C>T (p.(R1497*)) in SIPA1L3 (signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 3) in both affected children. SIPA1L3 encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), which interacts with small GTPases of the Rap family via its Rap-GAP-domain. The suggested role of Rap GTPases in cell growth, differentiation and organization of the cytoskeleton in the human lens, and lens-enriched expression of the murine ortholog gene Sipa1l3 in embryonic mice indicates that this gene is crucial for early lens development. Our results provide evidence that sequence variants in human SIPA1L3 cause autosomal recessive isolated CC and give new insight into the molecular pathogenesis underlying human cataracts.
Collapse
|
30
|
Quinn MK, Gnan N, James S, Ninarello A, Sciortino F, Zaccarelli E, McManus JJ. How fluorescent labelling alters the solution behaviour of proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31177-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of adding a fluorescent dye to a protein is examined using protein phase diagrams and numerical simulations. The addition of the dye is the equivalent of adding a large attractive patch to the surface of the protein, which results in significant changes to the protein solution behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| | - N. Gnan
- CNR-ISC UOS Sapienza
- 00186 Roma
- Italy
| | - S. James
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| | - A. Ninarello
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- “Sapienza” Universita’ di Roma
- Roma
- Italy
| | - F. Sciortino
- CNR-ISC UOS Sapienza
- 00186 Roma
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- “Sapienza” Universita’ di Roma
| | - E. Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC UOS Sapienza
- 00186 Roma
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- “Sapienza” Universita’ di Roma
| | - J. J. McManus
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khan AO, Aldahmesh MA, Alkuraya FS. Phenotypes of Recessive Pediatric Cataract in a Cohort of Children with Identified Homozygous Gene Mutations (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2015; 113:T7. [PMID: 26622071 PMCID: PMC4634221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess for phenotype-genotype correlations in families with recessive pediatric cataract and identified gene mutations. METHODS Retrospective review (2004 through 2013) of 26 Saudi Arabian apparently nonsyndromic pediatric cataract families referred to one of the authors (A.O.K.) and for which recessive gene mutations were identified. RESULTS Fifteen different homozygous recessive gene mutations were identified in the 26 consanguineous families; two genes and five families are novel to this study. Ten families had a founder CRYBB1 deletion (all with bilateral central pulverulent cataract), two had the same missense mutation in CRYAB (both with bilateral juvenile cataract with marked variable expressivity), and two had different mutations in FYCO1 (both with bilateral posterior capsular abnormality). The remaining 12 families each had mutations in 12 different genes (CRYAA, CRYBA1, AKR1E2, AGK, BFSP2, CYP27A1, CYP51A1, EPHA2, GCNT2, LONP1, RNLS, WDR87) with unique phenotypes noted for CYP27A1 (bilateral juvenile fleck with anterior and/or posterior capsular cataract and later cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis), EPHA2 (bilateral anterior persistent fetal vasculature), and BFSP2 (bilateral flecklike with cloudy cortex). Potential carrier signs were documented for several families. CONCLUSIONS In this recessive pediatric cataract case series most identified genes are noncrystallin. Recessive pediatric cataract phenotypes are generally nonspecific, but some notable phenotypes are distinct and associated with specific gene mutations. Marked variable expressivity can occur from a recessive missense CRYAB mutation. Genetic analysis of apparently isolated pediatric cataract can sometimes uncover mutations in a syndromic gene. Some gene mutations seem to be associated with apparent heterozygous carrier signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif O Khan
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Aldahmesh
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xi YB, Zhao WJ, Zuo XT, Tjondro HC, Li J, Dai AB, Wang S, Yan YB. Cataract-causing mutation R233H affects the stabilities of βB1- and βA3/βB1-crystallins with different pH-dependence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2216-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Chen JH, Qiu J, Chen H, Pang CP, Zhang M. Rapid and cost-effective molecular diagnosis using exome sequencing of one proband with autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1511-6. [PMID: 25301372 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to high genetic heterogeneity, to exclude known mutations and map novel mutations in autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC) using conventional candidate gene screening requires laborious laboratory work. We attempted to use a cost-effective exome sequencing strategy to identify disease-causing mutations in an ADCC pedigree. METHODS An ADCC pedigree affected by nuclear cataract and 200 unrelated senile cataract controls were recruited and given comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Whole exome of the proband of the family was captured by the Illumina TruSeq Exome Enrichment Kit, followed by sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer. Validation was performed by direct sequencing. RESULTS The whole exome, including all exons of known ADCC disease-causing genes, was screened for possible disease-causing mutations. A recurrent missense mutation c.773C>T (p.S258F) in exon 2 of the gap junction protein alpha 8 gene (GJA8) was identified in the proband with nuclear cataract. The result was confirmed by direct sequencing. The mutation showed complete co-segregation with the disease phenotype in the family but was not observed in unrelated unaffected controls. CONCLUSION By successfully sequencing whole exome of only one proband and identifying a GJA8 mutation in one ADCC pedigree, the current study demonstrated that exome sequencing could serve as a rapid, robust, and cost-effective approach in clinical diagnosis and disease-causing gene discovery for ADCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-H Chen
- 1] Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - H Chen
- 1] Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C P Pang
- 1] Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gillespie RL, O'Sullivan J, Ashworth J, Bhaskar S, Williams S, Biswas S, Kehdi E, Ramsden SC, Clayton-Smith J, Black GC, Lloyd IC. Personalized diagnosis and management of congenital cataract by next-generation sequencing. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:2124-37.e1-2. [PMID: 25148791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of integrating genomic data from next-generation sequencing and phenotypic data to enhance the diagnosis of bilateral congenital cataract (CC). DESIGN Evaluation of diagnostic technology. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six individuals diagnosed with nonsyndromic or syndromic bilateral congenital cataract were selected for investigation through a single ophthalmic genetics clinic. METHODS Participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination, accompanied by dysmorphology assessment where appropriate. Lenticular, ocular, and systemic phenotypes were recorded. Mutations were detected using a custom-designed target enrichment that permitted parallel analysis of 115 genes associated with CC by high-throughput, next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS). Thirty-six patients and a known positive control were tested. Suspected pathogenic variants were confirmed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing in relevant probands and other affected family members. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Molecular genetic results and details of clinical phenotypes were identified. RESULTS Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies are able to determine the precise genetic cause of CC in 75% of individuals, and 85% patients with nonsyndromic CC were found to have likely pathogenic mutations, all of which occurred in highly conserved domains known to be vital for normal protein function. The pick-up rate in patients with syndromic CC also was high, with 63% having potential disease-causing mutations. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates the clinical utility of this test, providing examples where it altered clinical management, directed care pathways, and enabled more accurate genetic counseling. This comprehensive screen will extend access to genetic testing and lead to improved diagnostic and management outcomes through a stratified medicine approach. Establishing more robust genotype-phenotype correlations will advance knowledge of cataract-forming mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Gillespie
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James O'Sullivan
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Ashworth
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Williams
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susmito Biswas
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Kehdi
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme C Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - I Christopher Lloyd
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu Y, Gao L, Feng Y, Yang T, Huang S, Shao Z, Yuan H. Identification of a novel mutation of the gene for gap junction protein α3 (GJA3) in a Chinese family with congenital cataract. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4753-8. [PMID: 24728566 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cataract, defined as any opacity of the crystallin lens, can be divided into early onset (congenital or infantile) and age-related. It is the leading cause of visual disability in children, and mutations in many genes have currently been linked with this disorder. In the present study, we identified a genetic defect in a Chinese family with congenital cataract. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood of the family and 100 normal controls. To screen for the disease-causing mutation, we sequenced eight candidate genes, and to predict the functional consequences of the mutation, a structural model of the protein was developed using the Protein Data Bank and PyMOL 1.1r1. We found a novel variant (c.163 A > G transition) in the gene for gap junction protein α3, or the connexin46 gene. This mutation resulted in the substitution of a highly conserved asparagine at codon 55 by aspartic acid (p.N55D). There were no nucleotide polymorphisms in the other candidate genes sequenced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XuefuRoad, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
A novel HSF4 gene mutation causes autosomal-dominant cataracts in a Chinese family. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:823-8. [PMID: 24637349 PMCID: PMC4025481 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts are a significant cause of visual impairment or blindness in children. One-third of cases estimated to have a genetic cause. We carried out gene analysis and bioinformatics analysis to map the locus and to identify the underlying genetic defect in a 12-member, four-generation Chinese family affected with bilateral congenital cataracts. We screened individuals of the family and discovered a distinct missense mutation in HSF4 (a gene at this locus that encodes teat-shock transcription factor 4). Bioinformatics analysis was used to determine possible changes in the protein structure that could affect the phenotype. Sequencing of the candidate genes showed a heterozygous c.69 G→T change in the heat shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) gene, which resulted in the substitution of a lysine with an asparagine (p. K23N). This mutation cosegregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in unaffected family members. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the p. K23N mutation was predicted to be disease causing. This is the first report of the novel missense mutation, c.69 G→T (p. K23N), in exon 3 of the HSF4 locus on 16q21-q22 associated with bilateral congenital cataracts in a Chinese family. This novel mutation could enable propergenetic diagnostics and counseling in affected families and could lead to a better understanding of the structure and function of HSF4 in health and disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar M, Agarwal T, Kaur P, Kumar M, Khokhar, S, Dada R. Molecular and structural analysis of genetic variations in congenital cataract. Mol Vis 2013; 19:2436-50. [PMID: 24319337 PMCID: PMC3850972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relative contributions of mutations in congenital cataract cases in an Indian population by systematic screening of genes associated with cataract. METHODS We enrolled 100 congenital cataract cases presenting at the Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, a tertiary research and referral hospital (AIIMS, New Delhi, India). Crystallin, alpha A (CRYAA), CRYAB, CRYGs, CRYBA1, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, beaded filament structural protein 1 (BFSP1), gap function protein, alpha 3 (GJA3), GJA8, and heat shock transcription factor 4 gene genes were amplified. Protein structure differences analysis was performed using Discovery Studio (DS) 2.0. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 17.45±16.51 months, and the age of onset was 1.618±0.7181 months. Sequencing analysis of 14 genes identified 18 nucleotide variations. Fourteen variations were found in the crystallin genes, one in Cx-46 (GJA3), and three in BFSP1. CONCLUSIONS Congenital cataract shows marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Five nucleotide variations (CRYBA4:p.Y67N, CRYBB1:p.D85N, CRYBB1:p.E75K, CRYBB1:p.E155K, and GJA3:p.M1V) were predicted to be pathogenic. Variants in other genes might also be involved in maintaining lens development, growth, and transparency. The study confirms that the crystallin beta cluster on chromosome 22, Cx-46, and BFSP1 plays a major role in maintaining lens transparency. This study also expands the mutation spectrum of the genes associated with congenital cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudarshan Khokhar,
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lam AR, Moran SD, Preketes NK, Zhang TO, Zanni MT, Mukamel S. Study of the γD-crystallin protein using two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy: experiment and simulation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15436-43. [PMID: 23972032 DOI: 10.1021/jp405159v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts is a misfolding protein disease in which one of the major components is the γD-crystallin protein. The conformational structure of the aggregated γD-crystallin and the interactions that cause aggregation are largely unknown. A recent experimental two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy study determined that the C-terminal domain has a high propensity to form β-sheets whereas the N-terminal domain forms a disordered structure in the fiber state. We present a combined computational molecular dynamics and infrared spectroscopy study of the local dynamics of these domains. The computed 2DIR signals agree remarkably well with experiment. We show that the two domains, both of which have a Greek key structural fold, experience different electrostatic environments, which may be related to the fact that the C-terminal domain is more structurally stable than the N-terminal domain. We correlate the vibrational couplings to known energy dissipation mechanisms and reveal their origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
A CRYGC gene mutation associated with autosomal dominant pulverulent cataract. Gene 2013; 529:181-5. [PMID: 23954869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe at molecular level a family with pulverulent congenital cataract associated with a CRYGC gene mutation. METHODS One family with several affected members with pulverulent congenital cataract and 230 healthy controls were examined. Genomic DNA from leukocytes was isolated to analyze the CRYGA-D cluster, CX46, CX50 and MIP genes through high-resolution melting curve and DNA sequencing. RESULTS DNA sequencing in the affected members revealed the c.143G>A mutation (p.R48H) in exon 2 of the CRYGC gene; 230 healthy controls and ten healthy relatives were also analyzed and none of them showed the c.143G>A mutation. No other polymorphisms or mutations were found to be present. CONCLUSION In the present study, we described a family with pulverulent congenital cataract that segregated the c.143G>A mutation (p.R48H) in the CRYGC gene. A few mutations have been described in the CRYGC gene in autosomal dominant cataract, none of them with pulverulent cataract making clear the clinical heterogeneity of congenital cataract. This mutation has been associated with the phenotype of congenital cataract but also is considered an SNP in the NCBI data base. Our data and previous report suggest that p.R48H could be a disease-causing mutation and not an SNP.
Collapse
|
40
|
Park JE, Son AI, Zhou R. Roles of EphA2 in Development and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:334-57. [PMID: 24705208 PMCID: PMC3924825 DOI: 10.3390/genes4030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been implicated in the regulation of many aspects of mammalian development. Recent analyses have revealed that the EphA2 receptor is a key modulator for a wide variety of cellular functions. This review focuses on the roles of EphA2 in both development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Alexander I Son
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Renping Zhou
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kondo Y, Saitsu H, Miyamoto T, Lee BJ, Nishiyama K, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Doi H, Miyake N, Kim JH, Yu YS, Matsumoto N. Pathogenic mutations in two families with congenital cataract identified with whole-exome sequencing. Mol Vis 2013; 19:384-9. [PMID: 23441109 PMCID: PMC3580970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital cataract is one of the most frequent causes of visual impairment and childhood blindness. Approximately one quarter to one third of congenital cataract cases may have a genetic cause. However, phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity hamper correct genetic diagnosis. In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify pathogenic mutations in two Korean families with congenital cataract. METHODS Two affected members from each family were pooled and processed for WES. The detected variants were confirmed with direct sequencing. RESULTS WES readily identified a CRYAA mutation in family A and a CRYGC mutation in family B. The c.61C>T (p.R21W) mutation in CRYAA has been previously reported in a family with congenital cataract and microcornea. The novel mutation, c.124delT, in CRYGC may lead to a premature stop codon (p.C42Afs*60). CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows the efficacy of WES for rapid genetic diagnosis of congenital cataract with an unknown cause. WES will be the first choice for clinical services in the near future, providing useful information for genetic counseling and family planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kondo
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiyomi Nishiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
AlFadhli S, Abdelmoaty S, Al-Hajeri A, Behbehani A, Alkuraya F. Novel crystallin gamma B mutations in a Kuwaiti family with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts reveal genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2931-6. [PMID: 23288985 PMCID: PMC3533929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the disease locus and causative mutation for autosomal dominant congenital cataracts (ADCC) in a Kuwaiti family. There were seven affected and three unaffected subjects in the family. METHODS Whole-genome linkage analysis was performed using Gene Chip Human Mapping 250 K Arrays to identify regions of linkage. Potential genes within this region were cloned and sequenced to identify the disease-causing mutation. RESULTS The highest logarithm of odds score (1.5) region 2q34-36.1, spanning the crystallin beta A2 (CRYBA2) gene, showed no sequence changes. Thus, the second highest logarithm of odds score (1.49) region, 2q33-37, spanning the gamma crystalline gene cluster (CRYG), was considered. Sequencing of the CRYGA, B, C, and D genes revealed two novel heterozygous deletions and one trinucleotide polymorphism in the CRYGB gene. These mutations included a heterozygous g.67delG, intron 1 deletion in four of the affected family members with lamellar cataracts and a heterozygous g.167delC, exon 2 deletion inherited from the Egyptian grandmother by her granddaughter, resulting in anterior polar cataracts. Another patient with complete cataracts was a compound heterozygote with both of the above-mentioned mutations. In addition, the novel trinucleotide polymorphism g.20-22 GGT>AAA was detected in three of the family members. CONCLUSIONS We report the linkage of ADCC to chromosome 2q33-37, which spans the CRYGB gene. This study is the first to report complex heterogeneous mutations in the CRYGB gene resulting in ADCC with three distinct phenotypes (lamellar, anterior polar, and complete cataracts) in the same family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suad AlFadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | | | - Amal Al-Hajeri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmutalib Behbehani
- Al Bahar Eye Centre, Ministry of Health, Kuwait,Department of surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Fowzan Alkuraya
- College of Medicine -AlFaisal University, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Crystallins are the abundant, long-lived proteins of the eye lens. The major human crystallins belong to two different superfamilies: the small heat-shock proteins (α-crystallins) and the βγ-crystallins. During evolution, other proteins have sometimes been recruited as crystallins to modify the properties of the lens. In the developing human lens, the enzyme betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase serves such a role. Evolutionary modification has also resulted in loss of expression of some human crystallin genes or of specific splice forms. Crystallin organization is essential for lens transparency and mutations; even minor changes to surface residues can cause cataract and loss of vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu Y, Li J, Xu J, Wang Q, Yu Y, Yao K. Congenital polymorphic cataract associated with a G to A splice site mutation in the human beta-crystallin gene CRYβA3/A1. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2213-20. [PMID: 22919269 PMCID: PMC3425576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the underlying genetic defect in four generations of a Chinese family affected with bilateral congenital polymorphic cataracts. METHODS Family history and clinical data were recorded. The phenotype was documented using slit-lamp photography. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of family members. Candidate genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for mutations on both strands using bidirectional sequencing. RESULTS Affected individuals exhibited variable opacities in the embryonic nucleus, sutures, and peripheral cortical opacities. The phenotype for this family was identified as polymorphic. Direct sequencing revealed a splice site mutation (c.215+1G>A) at the first base of intron 3 of the crystallin beta A3/A1 (CRYBA3/A1) gene. This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family and was not found in unaffected family members or in 100 unrelated controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified a recurrent c.215+1G>A mutation in CRYBA3/A1 in a polymorphic congenital cataract family, summarized the variable phenotypes among the patients, which expanded the phenotypic spectrum of congenital cataract in a different ethnic background, and suggested a mechanism that influences cataractogenesis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang L, Qu X, Su S, Guan L, Liu P. A novel mutation in GJA3 associated with congenital Coppock-like cataract in a large Chinese family. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2114-8. [PMID: 22876138 PMCID: PMC3413429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the potential pathogenic mutation over five generations of a Chinese family with congenital Coppock-like cataracts (CCL). METHODS We investigated five generations of a Chinese family affected with CCL. The family resides in a relatively isolated region of northern China. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all of the family members, and genomic DNA was then extracted from the blood samples. A genome-wide linkage scan was performed using about 400 microsatellite markers. Two-point LOD (linkage odd disequilibrium) scores (Z) were calculated using the LINKAGE programs (ver. 5.1). Cyrillic software processed the resulting haplotypes. Mutation detection was performed in the candidate gene by direct sequencing. RESULTS The maximum LOD score was obtained at marker D13S175 (lod score [Z(max)]=5.90; recombination fraction [θ]=0.0). Haplotype analysis traced the disease gene to a 6.99-cM interval bounded by D13S1316 and D13S1275 on chromosome 13q12.11. Direct sequencing of the candidate gene GJA3 (gap junction protein alpha-3) revealed a c.427G>A transition in exon 2 of GJA3 that co-segregated with the cataract in the family members and was not observed in 100 control patients. This single-nucleotide change resulted in the substitution of a highly conserved glycine by arginine (G143R). CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a novel mutation in GJA3 that causes CCL. As the first report to relate p.G143R mutation in GJA3, it expands the mutation spectrum of GJA3. Our report is the first in identification of the mutation of GJA3 in the cytoplasmic-loop domain. This mutation is associated with multiple members of a five-generation family with congenital CCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo Y, Su D, Li Q, Yang Z, Ma Z, Ma X, Zhu S. A nonsense mutation of CRYGC associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataracts and microcornea in a Chinese pedigree. Mol Vis 2012; 18:1874-80. [PMID: 22876111 PMCID: PMC3413427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the identification of a nonsense mutation in γC-crystallin (CRYGC) associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataracts and microcornea in a Chinese family. METHODS We investigated four generations of a Chinese family six of whose members were affected by nuclear cataracts and microcornea. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All reported nuclear cataract-related candidate genes were screened for causative mutations by direct DNA sequencing. The effects of amino acid changes on the structure and function of proteins were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS All affected individuals in this family exhibited nuclear cataracts and microcornea. Direct sequencing of the candidate gene cluster showed a c.471G>A transition in exon 3 of CRYGC, which co-segregated according to family members with cataracts, and was not observed in 100 normal controls. This single nucleotide change was predicted to introduce a translation stop codon at tryptophan 157 (W157X). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the mutation was predicted to affect the function and secondary structure of the CRYGC protein. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a disease-causing mutation c.471G>A in CRYGC in a Chinese family with cataracts, expanding the mutation spectrum of CRYGC causing congenital cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Su
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China,Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China,Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Zicheng Ma
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China,Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vanita V, Singh D. A missense mutation in CRYGD linked with autosomal dominant congenital cataract of aculeiform type. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 368:167-72. [PMID: 22669729 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To detect the underlying genetic defects in two autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC) families, having respectively twenty and four members affected with bilateral congenital cataract. Detailed family history and clinical data were recorded. Mutation screening in twenty three candidate genes including crystallins (CRYAA, CRYAB, CRYBA1/A3, CRYBA2, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, CRYGA, CRYGB, CRYGC, CRYGD, and CRYGS), gap junctional channels; connexins (GJA8, GJA3), beaded filament chain proteins (BFSP1, BFSP2), major intrinsic protein (MIP), lens intrinsic membrane protein-2 (LIM2), transcriptional factor (MAF), and in genes encoding for membrane-associated proteins (TMEM114, CHMP4B, EPHA2) was performed by bi-directional sequence analysis of the amplified products. In family A twenty members in six generations were affected by bilateral aculeiform type cataract and in family B four affected members in three generations had granular nuclear cataract. Mutation screening in already known candidate genes by sequence analyses revealed proline to threonine substitution at codon 23 (p.Pro23Thr) in CRYGD for aculeiform type cataract in family A. The family B with four members affected by granular nuclear cataract, however, could not be linked with any of these analyzed 23 candidate genes. The present study describes identification of p.Pro23Thr mutation in CRYGD for aculeiform type cataract in an ADCC family of Indian origin. The identical mutation has previously been reported to be linked with different phenotypes; lamellar cataract, cerulean cataract, coralliform cataract, flaky silica-like nuclear cataract and fasciculiform type cataract in different ADCC families. Interestingly, a mutation of different codon, i.e., p.Arg58His in CRYGD has been reported to be linked with aculeiform cataract in four different families; two from Switzerland, one from Macedonia and in a Mexican family. The findings in present study thus expand the genetic heterogeneity for aculeiform type cataract. Further, exclusion of these twenty three known candidate genes in family B having ADCC of granular nuclear type indicates the role of some other gene apart from for crystallins, gap junction channels, beaded filaments and membrane-associated proteins, and MAF for this phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Vanita
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Park JE, Son AI, Hua R, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou R. Human cataract mutations in EPHA2 SAM domain alter receptor stability and function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36564. [PMID: 22570727 PMCID: PMC3343017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cataracts leading to visual impairment remain poorly understood. In recent studies, several mutations in the cytoplasmic sterile-α-motif (SAM) domain of human EPHA2 on chromosome 1p36 have been associated with hereditary cataracts in several families. Here, we have investigated how these SAM domain mutations affect EPHA2 activity. We showed that the SAM domain mutations dramatically destabilized the EPHA2 protein in a proteasome-dependent pathway, as evidenced by the increase of EPHA2 receptor levels in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. In addition, the expression of wild-type EPHA2 promoted the migration of the mouse lens epithelial αTN4-1 cells in the absence of ligand stimulation, whereas the mutants exhibited significantly reduced activity. In contrast, stimulation of EPHA2 with its ligand ephrin-A5 eradicates the enhancement of cell migration accompanied by Akt activation. Taken together, our studies suggest that the SAM domain of the EPHA2 protein plays critical roles in enhancing the stability of EPHA2 by modulating the proteasome-dependent process. Furthermore, activation of Akt switches EPHA2 from promoting to inhibiting cell migration upon ephrin-A5 binding. Our results provide the first report of multiple EPHA2 cataract mutations contributing to the destabilization of the receptor and causing the loss of cell migration activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alexander I. Son
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rui Hua
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renping Zhou
- Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
VanderVeen DK, Andrews C, Nihalani BR, Engle EC. Crystalline cataract caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in γD-crystallin (CRYGD). Mol Vis 2011; 17:3333-8. [PMID: 22219628 PMCID: PMC3247172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe phenotypic characteristics of two pedigrees manifesting early onset crystalline cataract with mutations in the γD-crystallin gene (CRYGD). METHODS A detailed medical history was obtained from two Caucasian pedigrees manifesting autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva (DNA Genotek). Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) based genome analysis of the larger pedigree revealed linkage to an 8.2 MB region on chromosome 2q33-q35 which encompassed the crystallin-gamma gene cluster (CRYG). Exons and flanking introns of CRYGA, CRYGB, CRYGC and CRYGD were amplified and sequenced to identify disease-causing mutations. RESULTS A morphologically unique cataract with extensive refractile "crystals" scattered throughout the nucleus and perinuclear cortex was found in the probands from both pedigrees. A heterozygous C→A mutation was identified at position 109 of the coding sequence (R36S of the processed protein) in exon 2 of CRYGD and this missense mutation was found to cosegregate with the disease in the larger family; this mutation was then identified in affected individuals of pedigree 2 as well. CONCLUSIONS The heterozygous 109C→A CRYGD missense mutation is associated with a distinct crystalline cataract in two US Caucasian pedigrees. This confirms crystalline cataract formation with this mutation, as previously reported in sporadic childhood case from the Czech Republic and in members of a Chinese family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. VanderVeen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Department of Neurology, M Kirby Neurobiology Center, and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD
| | - Bharti R. Nihalani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA,Department of Neurology, M Kirby Neurobiology Center, and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang B, Yu C, Xi YB, Cai HC, Wang J, Zhou S, Zhou S, Wu Y, Yan YB, Ma X, Xie L. A novel CRYGD mutation (p.Trp43Arg) causing autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:E1939-47. [PMID: 21031598 PMCID: PMC3035819 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To identify the genetic defect associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in a Chinese family, molecular genetic investigation via haplotype analysis and direct sequencing were performed Sequencing of the CRYGD gene revealed a c.127T>C transition, which resulted in a substitution of a highly conserved tryptophan with arginine at codon 43 (p.Trp43Arg). This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in either unaffected family members or in 200 normal unrelated individuals. Biophysical studies indicated that the p.Trp43Arg mutation resulted in significant tertiary structural changes. The mutant protein was much less stable than the wild-type protein, and was more prone to aggregate when subjected to environmental stresses such as heat and UV irradiation. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao University Eye College, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|