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Clinical Management of Anogenital Warts and Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Sex Transm Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02200-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Juelg E, Busch M, Lueger A, Guenova E, Schuetz-Bergmayr M, Hoetzenecker W. Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Condylomata Acuminata: An Austrian Cohort Study. Dermatology 2019; 235:413-417. [PMID: 31288232 DOI: 10.1159/000500908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Condylomata acuminata are caused by various genotypes of human papilloma viruses (HPV). METHODS We assessed the frequency of 33 different HPV DNA types in 49 patients with condylomata acuminata by the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS Forty-two percent of the patients were infected with low-risk genotypes, and 21% of the patients tested positive for high-risk genotypes. Multiple infections with low- and high-risk genotypes were detectable in 36% of the patients. CONCLUSION As our results are in line with previous large-scale reports, our data might serve as a basis for monitoring the efficacy of HPV vaccination in Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Juelg
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Busch
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Andrea Lueger
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Amaro-Filho SM, Gradissimo A, Usyk M, Moreira FCB, de Almeida LM, Moreira MAM, Burk RD. HPV73 a nonvaccine type causes cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:731-738. [PMID: 30963559 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
HPV73 is classified as possibly oncogenic. It is neither routinely evaluated in HPV screening, nor covered by any of the prophylactic vaccines. We sought to investigate the carcinogenic characteristics of HPV73. Molecular studies were performed on eight cervix cancer biopsy specimens containing HPV73 from a cross-sectional cancer cohort of 590 women referred to the National Cancer Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Transcriptional activity of HPV73 was evaluated by detection of spliced transcripts of E6/E6* and E1^E4 in cDNA created from RNA isolated from fresh tissue. Disruption of viral E1 and E2 genes in the tumor DNA was assessed by overlapping PCR amplification. Evaluation of viral integration was performed using a customized capture panel and next-generation sequencing, and an in-house bioinformatic pipeline. HPV73 E6/E6* transcripts were found in 7/7 specimens with available RNA, and three also had HPV73 E1^E4 transcripts. Disruption of E1 and E2 genes was observed in 4/8 specimens. Integration of HPV73 sequences into the cancer cell genomes was identified in all cervix cancer tissues. These results provide evidence that HPV73 is an oncogenic virus that can cause invasive cervix cancer. With current molecular screening and HPV vaccination, not all cervix cancers will be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Gradissimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Fabio C B Moreira
- Pathology Division (DIPAT), National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liz M de Almeida
- Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miguel A M Moreira
- Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Microbiology and Immunology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Suligoi B, Vittori G, Salfa MC, Timelli L, Corsini D, Fattorini G, Mariani L. Prevalence and incidence of external genital warts in a sample of Italian general female population. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:126. [PMID: 28166736 PMCID: PMC5294736 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted virus worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate: 1) the prevalence and the incidence of external genital warts (eGW) in a sample of women attending community outpatient clinics and 2) the total number of eGW cases in the Italian female population aged 15–64 years. Methods A prospective study was performed for a 12-month period between 2009 and 2010, among a sample of women attending community gynecological outpatient clinics located throughout Italy. Demographic data, for every woman aged 15–64 years, were collected. For women diagnosed with eGW, behavioral and clinical data were recorded. Prevalence of eGW was calculated as the proportion between the number of women with eGW and that of women visiting any of the participating gynecologists; incidence of eGW was calculated as the proportion between the number of women with a new diagnosis of eGW and that of women visiting any of the participating gynecologists. Standardized prevalence by age was used to estimate the number of eGW cases occurring in the Italian female population aged 15–64 years. Results In 2009–2010, 44 community gynecologists were included in the network. In one-year period, 16,410 women visited any of the participating gynecologists; 63 women were diagnosed with eGW, corresponding to a prevalence of 3.8 cases per 1,000 women per year (95%CI: 2.9-4.9). The incidence of eGW was 3.0 cases per 1,000 women per year (95%CI: 2.2-3.9). Women aged 15–24 years showed both the highest prevalence and incidence. Prevalence and incidence significantly decreased by increasing age group (p <0.001), and were higher in Southern Italy compared to Central-Northern Italy. The estimated number of women with eGW among women aged 15–64 years in Italy, in 2010, was approximately 69,000. Conclusions These data show a high prevalence and incidence of eGW among young women in Italy, stress the effectiveness of community clinical networks in investigating STI epidemiology among women from the general population, confirm the relevance of HPV vaccination programs among adolescents, and underscore the need of promoting safe sex, implementing early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Suligoi
- Centro Operativo AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Cristina Salfa
- Centro Operativo AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Fattorini
- Associazione ginecologi territoriali (AGITE), Via G. Abamonti 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- HPV-unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
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Reinholz M, Hermans C, Ruzicka T, Dietrich A. [Anogenital diseases caused by human papillomavirus - A modern pandemia]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:64-6. [PMID: 26979226 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-7946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
MESH Headings
- Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Anus Neoplasms/therapy
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/therapy
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/diagnosis
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/therapy
- Germany
- Humans
- Male
- Pandemics
- Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Papillomavirus Infections/therapy
- Papillomavirus Infections/transmission
- Risk Factors
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/diagnosis
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/therapy
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reinholz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Frauenlobstr.9-11, D-80337 München.
| | - Cecilia Hermans
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Dietrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538, Lübeck, Deutschland
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Epidemiology and Burden of Disease Associated with HPV Infection. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-015-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Padalko E, Ali-Risasi C, Van Renterghem L, Bamelis M, De Mey A, Sturtewagen Y, Vastenavond H, Vanden Broeck D, Weyers S, Praet M. Evaluation of the clinical significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) 53. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 191:7-9. [PMID: 26026728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are classified according to their potential for the development of cervical neoplasia. However, the carcinogenicity of HPV types forms an evolving continuum based on the newly available data especially regarding the role of probable and possible high-risk HPV types (pHR-HPV). The objective of the present work was to evaluate clinical significance of the pHR-HPV53. STUDY DESIGN An observational cohort study of potential aetiological association between infection with HPV53 and development of high-grade cervical cytology was performed. The study was conducted in two geographically remoted hospitals, in Belgium and Democratic Republic of Congo, as an attempt to collect data from regions with different geographical distribution of HPV genotypes. The samples were taken during routine gynaecological visit in outpatient clinics of both participating hospitals. RESULTS A total of 2283 liquid-Pap samples were taken from 1465 women at Ghent University Hospital, Belgium, and from 660 women at General Hospital and Ngaliema Hospital of Kinshasa, DRC. "HPV53-only"-pattern as evaluated by full HPV genotyping was found in samples from only 34 (1.6%) samples. The initial cytology represented next to non-dysplastic, undetermined and low-grade lesions also high-grade lesions (12%). For 26 (76.5%) from the 34 women presented with "HPV53-only"-pattern follow-up results were available showing no progression to malignancy. CONCLUSION Our findings support very low to lacking carcinogenic potential of HPV53. Recognising extreme rarity in cervical cancer next to high prevalence in general population of HPV53, further studies investigating progression to high-grade lesions are needed to elucidate the oncogenic potential of pHR-HPV53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Catherine Ali-Risasi
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Van Renterghem
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Bamelis
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja De Mey
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yolande Sturtewagen
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Vastenavond
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davy Vanden Broeck
- Department of Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Praet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Nie J, Huang W, Wu X, Wang Y. Optimization and validation of a high throughput method for detecting neutralizing antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) based on pseudovirons. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1542-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Nie
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC); Beijing China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC); Beijing China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Cell Collection and Research Center; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC); Beijing China
| | - Youchun Wang
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC); Beijing China
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Co NNC, Chu LO, Chow JKF, Tam JWO, Ng EKO. HPV Prevalence and Detection of Rare HPV Genotypes in Hong Kong Women from Southern China with Cytological Abnormalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/312706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the primary cause of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive cervical cancer. The emergence of various commercial HPV genotyping kits with different characteristics facilitates the detection of most high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes, but the rare HPV types are usually underdiagnosed. In the present study, HPV detection was performed using the GenoFlow HPV Array Test kit (DiagCor Bioscience), which can identify 33 HPV subtypes by specific probes. Besides, a HPV consensus probe (universal probe) was designed to capture not only the 33 genotypes but also rare subtypes. Of the 1643 Southern Chinese women tested between 2012 and 2013, the HPV prevalence was 42.3%, with HPV 52 (139/1643, 8.5%), HPV 81 (89/1643, 5.4%), and HPV 16 (63/1643, 3.8%) being the most frequent subtypes detected. Among all 695 HPV-positive cases, 56 (8.1%) cases were only detected by the universal probe, in which 5 were either ASCUS or LSIL cases. Sequencing results confirmed HPV types 30, 91, and 74, and the intratypic variants of HPV 72 and 82 were present in the 5 cases. The result suggests that some rare HPV subtypes might be involved in cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Na Chloe Co
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-On Chu
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph K. F. Chow
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph W. O. Tam
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Enders K. O. Ng
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Ltd, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring of condylomas is an early evidence of population effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. If reporting could include HPV typing, the contribution by vaccine HPV types to condyloma burden could be monitored. METHODS A sentinel site for reporting of condyloma including HPV typing was established at the Centre for Sexual Health in Malmö, Sweden. In 2006 to 2009, when there were few HPV vaccines, 621 subjects with condyloma were reported and HPV genotyped. RESULTS Ninety-four percent of the condylomas contained genital HPV types. Thirty-five different genital HPV types were identified, with HPV6 (62%), HPV16 (13%), and HPV11 (10%) being the most common. At least 1 of the 4 HPV types in the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine was detected in 77%. High-risk HPV types were more common in females (45%) than among males (27%) (odds ratio, 1.9; confidence interval, 1.3-2.8). Extended testing among subjects initially negative for HPV found 21 patients with cutaneous types of HPV, including a novel type (HPV153). CONCLUSIONS This report provides a baseline distribution of HPV types in condylomas before the introduction of an HPV vaccination program in this population. Human papillomavirus typing is feasible in routine condyloma reporting.
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Forman D, de Martel C, Lacey CJ, Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bruni L, Vignat J, Ferlay J, Bray F, Plummer M, Franceschi S. Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases. Vaccine 2013. [PMID: 23199955 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1064] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in women without cervical abnormalities is 11-12% with higher rates in sub-Saharan Africa (24%), Eastern Europe (21%) and Latin America (16%). The two most prevalent types are HPV16 (3.2%) and HPV18 (1.4%). Prevalence increases in women with cervical pathology in proportion to the severity of the lesion reaching around 90% in women with grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer. HPV infection has been identified as a definite human carcinogen for six types of cancer: cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx (including the base of the tongue and tonsils). Estimates of the incidence of these cancers for 2008 due to HPV infection have been calculated globally. Of the estimated 12.7 million cancers occurring in 2008, 610,000 (Population Attributable Fraction [PAF]=4.8%) could be attributed to HPV infection. The PAF varies substantially by geographic region and level of development, increasing to 6.9% in less developed regions of the world, 14.2% in sub-Saharan Africa and 15.5% in India, compared with 2.1% in more developed regions, 1.6% in Northern America and 1.2% in Australia/New Zealand. Cervical cancer, for which the PAF is estimated to be 100%, accounted for 530,000 (86.9%) of the HPV attributable cases with the other five cancer types accounting for the residual 80,000 cancers. Cervical cancer is the third most common female malignancy and shows a strong association with level of development, rates being at least four-fold higher in countries defined within the low ranking of the Human Development Index (HDI) compared with those in the very high category. Similar disparities are evident for 5-year survival-less than 20% in low HDI countries and more than 65% in very high countries. There are five-fold or greater differences in incidence between world regions. In those countries for which reliable temporal data are available, incidence rates appear to be consistently declining by approximately 2% per annum. There is, however, a lack of information from low HDI countries where screening is less likely to have been successfully implemented. Estimates of the projected incidence of cervical cancer in 2030, based solely on demographic factors, indicate a 2% increase in the global burden of cervical cancer, i.e., in balance with the current rate of decline. Due to the relative small numbers involved, it is difficult to discern temporal trends for the other cancers associated with HPV infection. Genital warts represent a sexually transmitted benign condition caused by HPV infection, especially HPV6 and HPV11. Reliable surveillance figures are difficult to obtain but data from developed countries indicate an annual incidence of 0.1 to 0.2% with a peak occurring at teenage and young adult ages. This article forms part of a special supplement entitled "Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases" Vaccine Volume 30, Supplement 5, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Forman
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Anderson L, O'Rorke M, Jamison J, Wilson R, Gavin A. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women attending cervical screening in the UK and Ireland: New data from northern Ireland and a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2012; 85:295-308. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lacey CJN, Woodhall SC, Wikstrom A, Ross J. 2012 European guideline for the management of anogenital warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e263-70. [PMID: 22409368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although new HPV vaccines have been developed and are in the process of implementation, anogenital warts remain a very frequent problem in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE We wished to update previously published European guidelines for the management of anogenital warts. METHODS We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials for anogenital warts. The primary data were analyzed and collated, and the findings were formulated within the structure of a clinical guideline. The IUSTI Europe Editorial Board reviewed the draft guideline which was also posted on the web for comments which we incorporated into the final version of the guideline. RESULTS The data confirm that only surgical therapies have primary clearance rates approaching 100%. Recurrences, including new lesions at previously treated or new sites, occur after all therapies, and rates are often 20-30% or more. All therapies are associated with local skin reactions including itching, burning, erosions and pain. CONCLUSIONS Physicians treating patients with genital warts should develop their own treatment algorithms which include local practice and recommendations. Such patient level management protocols should incorporate medical review of cases at least every 4 weeks, with switching of treatments if an inadequate response is observed. First episode patients should be offered sexually transmitted disease screening. Management should include partner notification and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J N Lacey
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK Department of Dermatovenereology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK
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Type-specific HPV prevalence in cervical cancer and high-grade lesions in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25493. [PMID: 21991313 PMCID: PMC3186785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C), showing some of the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Information on HPV type distribution in high-grade cervical lesions (HSIL) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is crucial to predict the future impact of HPV16/18 vaccines and screening programmes, and to establish an appropriate post-vaccinal virologic surveillance. The aim was to assess the prevalence of HPV types in HSIL and ICC in studies in LA&C. Methods and Findings We performed a systematic review, following the MOOSE guidelines for systematic reviews of observational studies, and the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Inclusion criteria were at least ten cases of HSIL/ICC, and HPV-type elicitation. The search, without language restrictions, was performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS from inception date to December 2009, proceedings, reference lists and consulting experts. A meta-analysis was performed using arc-sine transformations to stabilize the variance of simple proportions. Seventy-nine studies from 18 countries were identified, including 2446 cases of HSIL and 5540 of ICC. Overall, 46.5% of HSIL cases harbored HPV 16 and 8.9% HPV18; in ICC, 53.2% of cases harbored HPV 16 and13.2% HPV 18. The next five most common types, in decreasing frequency, were HPV 31, 58, 33, 45, and 52. Study's limitations comprise the cross-sectional design of most included studies and their inherent risk of bias, the lack of representativeness, and variations in the HPV type-specific sensitivity of different PCR protocols. Conclusions This study is the broadest summary of HPV type distribution in HSIL and ICC in LA&C to date. These data are essential for local decision makers regarding HPV screening and vaccination policies. Continued HPV surveillance would be useful, to assess the potential for changing type-specific HPV prevalence in the post-vaccination era in Latin America.
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Ensembled support vector machines for human papillomavirus risk type prediction from protein secondary structures. Comput Biol Med 2009; 39:187-93. [PMID: 19185855 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the major risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. Detection of high-risk HPV is important for understanding its oncogenic mechanisms and for developing novel clinical tools for its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Several methods are available to predict the risk types for HPV protein sequences. Nevertheless, no tools can achieve a universally good performance for all domains, including HPV and nor do they provide confidence levels for their decisions. Here, we describe ensembled support vector machines (SVMs) to classify HPV risk types, which assign given proteins into high-, possibly high-, or low-risk type based on their confidence level. Our approach uses protein secondary structures to obtain the differential contribution of subsequences for the risk type, and SVM classifiers are combined with a simple but efficient string kernel to handle HPV protein sequences. In the experiments, we compare our approach with previous methods in accuracy and F1-score, and present the predictions for unknown HPV types, which provides promising results.
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Esmaeili M, Bonyadi M, Dastranj A, Alizadeh M, Melli MS, Shobeiri MJ. HPV Typing in Women with Cervical Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions in Northwestern Iran. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008; 66:68-72. [DOI: 10.1159/000134917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Delrio-Lafreniere SA, Browning MK, McGlennen RC. Low-density addressable array for the detection and typing of the human papillomavirus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 48:23-31. [PMID: 14761718 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Accepted: 08/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a low-density DNA array for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. The gene chemistry strategy involves using a combination of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the consensus oligonucleotide primers MY09/MY11 followed by a ligase detection reaction (LDR). Fluorochrome-labeled HPV-specific primers are joined to a common primer modified with a unique anchoring sequence called a zip code on its 3' end. The result is a series of 60-70 base pair and single-stranded ligation products that are then hybridized to their respective zip code complements affixed to glass slide based arrays. Nine separate zip codes were assigned, one for each HPV type (6,11,16,18, 31, 33, 35, and 53) and one for a beta-globin internal control marker. Two additional zip-codes were reserved for a pair of consensus HPV LDR products: the cLDR1 and cLDR2 primers hybridize to a conserved sequence within the HPV L1 open reading frame internal to the MY09/MY11 fragment. These consensus primers were shown to detect over 40 different HPV types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytic performance of this low-density microarray based assay for HPV, as well as to introduce our simplified read-out instrumentation, shown here to be a low cost and highly efficient way to detect and genotype HPV for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie A Delrio-Lafreniere
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Camara GNL, Cerqueira DM, Oliveira APG, Silva EO, Carvalho LGS, Martins CRF. Prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women with pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical lesions in the Federal District of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:879-83. [PMID: 14762511 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a contribution to the public health authorities in planning prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine strategies, we describe the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women presenting abnormal cytological results in Pap smear screening tests in the Federal District, Central Brazil. We studied 129 cervical scraping samples from women whose cytological tests showed either pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesions. Amplification of HPV DNA was performed by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers MY09 and MY11 followed by identification of isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism. We detected HPV DNA in 62% of the samples, including HPV-16 in 43.8%, HPV-58 in 12.5%, HPV-31 in 10%, HPV-53 in 6.3%, each of HPV-18 and HPV-33 in 3.8% of the isolates. Other types (HPV-35, -52, -66, -CP8304, -6, -11, and -CP8061) were less frequent (= or < 2.5% each). The prevalence of HPV-58 was relatively higher in this population than in data in South America, but similar to results obtained in other studies in Latin America, Europe, and Eastern Asia. Case-control studies need to be carried out to establish the association between the prevalence of HPV types specially the less frequent high-risk types and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geni N L Camara
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
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20
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Abstract
Almost all of the approved antiviral drugs have become available during the past two decades. Approximately one half of these agents are for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and comprise five classes. The first three classes all act to inhibit reverse transcriptase: nucleoside analogs; nonnucleoside analogs; and nucleotide analogs. The fourth class, protease inhibitors, prevent viral packaging; the fifth class, fusion inhibitors, prevent fusion between HIV and the target cell. Four nucleoside analogs, acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir and penciclovir, are approved for the therapy of herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. Interferon alpha is approved in the injectable form for condyloma acuminatum and Kaposi's sarcoma, but the more efficient method of delivering this agent is via interferon induction following topical use of imiquimod cream. Antiviral agents are also approved for infections with cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza viruses. Most of these antiviral drugs are virastatic and not viracidal. Vaccines and public health measures are much more effective and cost effective than antiviral drugs and must be promoted accordingly in the defense against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Kösel S, Burggraf S, Mommsen J, Engelhardt W, Olgemöller B. Type-specific detection of human papillomaviruses in a routine laboratory setting--improved sensitivity and specificity of PCR and sequence analysis compared to direct hybridisation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:787-91. [PMID: 12880142 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to cause cervical dysplasia and cervical carcinoma. We used a 3-step PCR protocol that allows rapid type-specific HPV testing in a routine laboratory setting: HPV-16-positive samples were determined using a specific LightCycler PCR; HPV-16-negative samples were amplified by nested PCR and typed by sequence analysis. During a period of 7 months, 1275 PCR-based HPV tests were performed. Of the 1275 samples, 829 samples tested negative for HPV and 446 tested positive, including 124 positives found in the initial HPV-16-specific LightCycler assay. Sequence analysis of 132 samples detected 18 HPV types that are not included in the widely used Hybrid Capture II assay. For comparison, the first 100 cervical specimens were tested in parallel using PCR and direct hybridisation (Hybrid Capture II assay). PCR detected HPV DNA in 23 samples that tested negative in the Hybrid Capture assay. Four out of 37 samples that tested positive for HPV in the Hybrid Capture test may be false positives, because sequence analysis detected HPV types not included in the probe mixtures. As rare and novel HPV types may also confer an oncogenic risk, highly sensitive and specific PCR assays will help in understanding cervical HPV infection and cervical cancer of unknown causes.
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Cervantes J, Lema C, Hurtado L, Andrade R, Quiroga G, Garcia G, Torricos L, Zegarra L, Vera V, Panoso W, Arteaga R, Segurondo D, Romero F, Dulon A, Asturizaga D, Hurtado Gomez L, Sonoda S. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in rural villages of the Bolivian Amazon. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2003; 45:131-5. [PMID: 12870061 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652003000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer constitutes a major health problem in developing countries like Bolivia. The roles of certain genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer is well established. The prevalence of HPV infection among sexually active women varies greatly. Information regarding HPV infection in Bolivia is very much scarce, specially in regions like the Amazonian lowland. We studied 135 healthy women living in four rural localities of the Bolivian Amazon. Presence of HPV in DNA extracted from cervical swabs was analyzed using a reverse line hybridization assay. The estimated overall HPV infection prevalence among the studied rural localities was 5.9% (ranging from 0-16.6%). These values were unexpectedly low considering Bolivia has a high incidence of cervical cancer. The fact that Amazonian people seem to be less exposed to HPV, makes it likely that some other risk factors including host lifestyle behaviors and genetic background may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cervantes
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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23
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino L, Villa LL, Sobrinho JP, Amaral RG, Magalhães AV. Human papillomavirus prevalence among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and invasive cervical cancer from Goiânia, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:181-4. [PMID: 12764431 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study estimated the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive cervical cancer from Goi s (Brazil Central Region). Seventy-four cases were analyzed and consisted of 18 CIN III, 48 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas, 1 adenosquamous carcinoma and 3 undifferentiated carcinomas. HPV-DNA sequences were examined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using primers from L1 region GP5+/GP6+. Polymerase chain reaction products were typed with dot blot hybridization using probes for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 54, 6/11, 42/43/44, 51/52, 56/58. The prevalence of HPV was estimated to be 76% (56/74). HPV 16 was the most frequently found type, followed by HPV 33, 18 and 31. The prevalence of untyped HPV was 6%; 79% percent of the squamous cell carcinoma cases and 61% percent of the CIN III were positive for HPV and the prevalence rate of HPV types was the same for the total number of cases. According to other studies, HPV type 16 is the most prevalent virus in all Brazilian regions, but there is variation regarding to other types. Type 18 is the second most prevalent HPV in North, Southeast and South Brazil regions and types 31 and 33 are the second most prevalent HPV in Northeast and Central Brazil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rabelo-Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiá s, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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24
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Clifford GM, Smith JS, Plummer M, Muñoz N, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:63-73. [PMID: 12556961 PMCID: PMC2376782 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1048] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated regional variations in the contribution made by different human papilloma (HPV) types to invasive cervical cancer (ICC). A total of 85 studies using polymerase chain reaction to estimate HPV prevalence in ICC were identified. Data on HPV prevalence were extracted separately for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and for adeno- and adenosquamous-carcinoma (ADC). A total of 10 058 cases (8550 SCC, 1508 ADC) were included in pooled analyses. The most common HPV types in ICC were, in order of decreasing prevalence, HPV16, 18, 45, 31, 33, 58, 52, 35, 59, 56, 6, 51, 68, 39, 82, 73, 66 and 70. In SCC, HPV16 was the predominant type (46-63%) followed by HPV18 (10-14%), 45 (2-8%), 31 (2-7%) and 33 (3-5%) in all regions except Asia, where HPV types 58 (6%) and 52 (4%) were more frequently identified. In ADC, HPV prevalence was significantly lower (76.4%) than in SCC (87.3%), and HPV18 was the predominant type in every region (37-41%), followed by 16 (26-36%) and 45 (5-7%). The overall detection of HPV DNA was similar in different regions (83-89%). A majority of ICC was associated with HPV16 or 18 in all regions, but approximately a quarter of all ICC cases were associated with one of 16 other HPV types, their distribution varying by region.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
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25
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Cho NH, An HJ, Jeong JK, Kang S, Kim JW, Kim YT, Park TK. Genotyping of 22 human papillomavirus types by DNA chip in Korean women: comparison with cytologic diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:56-62. [PMID: 12548196 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More sensitive and reliable methods than individual testing (such as polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and Southern blot) should be developed as screening tools for the detection of latent human papillomavirus. Today, the new Bethesda system recommends human papillomavirus testing as an adjuvant to the conventional Papanicolaou smear for more comprehensive identification of women at certain risk of cervical neoplasia. We performed human papillomavirus genotyping with the newly designed human papillomavirus DNA chip, which is based on polymerase chain reaction for high-throughput screening power, and compared the results with the results of a Papanicolaou smear according to the new Bethesda system. STUDY DESIGN Polymerase chain reaction amplifications of the human papillomavirus L1 region from biologic samples were hybridized to silanized glass slides by a microarrayer, which comprised 22 specific oligonucleotide probes to their genotypes, consisting of 15 high-risk and 7 low-risk types. Two cervical cancer cell lines and 20 plasmids that contained each type of the human papillomavirus whole genome were used for the evaluation of this method; in all cases, the cancer cell lines and plasmids showed clear positive signals on their corresponding positions. A comparative study that used 685 cervicovaginal swabs was performed by human papillomavirus DNA chip microarray together with Papanicolaou diagnosis. RESULTS Human papillomavirus was identified as positive in 31.9% of the 414 control samples and in 78.6% of the 271 neoplastic lesions. The major prevailing human papillomavirus genotypes were human papillomavirus types 16, 58, and 18, in descending order of incidence (average overall, 78.8%). Almost all of the remaining cases were comprised of human papillomavirus types 39, 52, 56, and 51. The frequency of multiple infection of human papillomavirus was highest in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion but was lowest in squamous cell carcinoma. All cases that exhibited infection of single human papillomavirus type 58 were squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 58 were confirmed to be major causative factors for cervical carcinogenesis. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is a heterogeneous entity that is composed of different human papillomavirus subtypes and prevails in younger women (<40 years old). The human papillomavirus chip has potential use as a high-throughput screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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26
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Park SB, Hwang S, Zhang BT. Mining the Risk Types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) by AdaCost. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-45227-0_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Bunker
- Chelsea and Westminster, Charing Cross and Royal Marsden Hospitals, London
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28
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Meyer T, Arndt R, Beckmann ER, Padberg B, Christophers E, Stockfleth E. Distribution of HPV 53, HPV 73 and CP8304 in genital epithelial lesions with different grades of dysplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2001; 11:198-204. [PMID: 11437925 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the risk of malignant progression of cervical epithelial lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types of yet unknown oncogenic potential the prevalences of these HPVs in different cervical epithelial lesions of 809 patients were determined. HPV types 53, 73, and CP8304 were detected in genital specimens of 16, 22, and 12 of the patients, respectively. The ratio of prevalence in high grade dysplastic lesions or cancers and low grade dysplastic lesions or normal specimens was calculated and compared to corresponding values of well known high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPVs. For HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 35, and 73 a ratio of 0.1, 0.2, 5.9, 6.5, 2.5, and 2.4, respectively, was calculated. The ratios of HPV53 and CP8304 were less than 1. Moreover, in contrast to HPV73, these viruses have never been detected in cancer specimens. Thus, HPV53 and CP8304 infections are probably not associated with a high risk of carcinogenesis, while HPV73 could be another HR-HPV type.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meyer
- Institute of Immunology, Pathology and Molecular Biology (IPM) Hamburg, and Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Germany.
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29
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Terai M, Burk RD. Complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of a novel human papillomavirus (HPV 84) genome cloned by an overlapping PCR method. Virology 2001; 279:109-15. [PMID: 11145894 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in cervicovaginal samples reveals a plethora of known and novel HPV genomes. We describe the use of an overlapping PCR method to clone and analyze the complete genome of HPV 84 from cervicovaginal cells obtained from a 21-year-old Caucasian female with a normal Pap smear. The 7948-bp complete nucleotide sequence of HPV 84 was determined from five overlapping PCR products by sequence walking. A BLAST homology search demonstrated that HPV 84 was most closely related to HPV 61 (89%), HPV 72 (86%), and HPV 83 (85%) by nucleotide sequence analysis of the L1 open reading frame, placing it in the HPV genome homology group A3. Previously, this virus had been identified as Pap155. Based on extensive epidemiological data, HPV 84 is a highly prevalent genital papillomavirus primarily detected in normal and HIV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Terai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
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30
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Wallin KL, van Doornum GJ, Andersson-Ellström A, Kallings I, Wiklund F, Hallmans G, Schiller J, Dillner J. Seroepidemiology of human papillomavirus type 73: a sexually transmitted low-risk virus. Int J Cancer 2000; 85:353-7. [PMID: 10652426 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<353::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 73 (HPV 73) has been detected in some invasive cervical cancers and has been cloned from a squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus, but the epidemiology of this infection and its associated risk of cancer is unknown. We investigated the seroepidemiology of this virus using virus-like particles. The IgG response to HPV 73 appeared to be HPV type-specific, since a comparison of HPV 73 antibody levels before and after infection with HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 or 33 found no evidence of cross-induction of HPV 73 antibodies and since there was little correlation between the antibody levels to HPV 73 and the other 5 investigated HPV types. In both a cross-sectional serosurvey that included 274 women and a 7-year follow-up study that enrolled 98 women, HPV 73 seropositivity was found to be strongly dependent on the number of lifetime sexual partners [OR for > 4 vs. 0 to 1 partners: 6.0 (95%CI: 1.4-53.6) and 7.9 (95% CI: 2.8-28.3), respectively]. Finally, the risk for HPV 73 seropositive women to develop CIN was investigated in a prospective study nested in a cohort of 15,234 Swedish women. The population-based HPV 73 seroprevalence in Sweden was 14%. No excess risk for CIN was found (OR: 0.77). We conclude that HPV 73 is a mainly sexually transmitted, probably mostly transient, infection that does not confer any measurably increased risk for CIN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wallin
- Laboratory of Tumor Virus Epidemiology, Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Höhn H, Pilch H, Günzel S, Neukirch C, Hilmes C, Kaufmann A, Seliger B, Maeurer MJ. CD4+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Cervical Cancer Recognize HLA-DR-Restricted Peptides Provided by Human Papillomavirus-E7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.10.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-encoded proteins may provide targets for CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating into cervical cancer. We established an MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cell line from a patient with cervical cancer that recognizes autologous (HPV35+, HPV59+) cervical cancer cells and the HLA-DR4-matched cervical cancer cell line Me180 (HPV68+) as determined by TNF-α secretion. Expression of different HPV-E7 genes in autologous B cells revealed that this T cell line defines a DR4-presented T cell epitope that is shared among the E7 genes of HPV59 and HPV68. MHC class II-presented peptides may be implemented to augment T cell responses directed against autologous tumor cells, particularly if cancer cells lack MHC class I expression, which is a frequent event in the evolution of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Hilmes
- ‡Third Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; and
| | | | - Barbara Seliger
- ‡Third Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; and
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Chow VTK, Leong PWF. Complete nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel genital human papillomavirus type, HLT7474-S. J Gen Virol 1999; 80 ( Pt 11):2923-2929. [PMID: 10580054 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-11-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel human papillomavirus (HPV) type, HLT7474-S, was isolated from a cervical scraping of a female sex worker with a wart virus infection. The complete DNA sequence of 7812 bp was derived from four overlapping PCR products and authenticated by RFLP analysis. The L1 gene exhibited 78% identity to those of its most closely related known HPV types in group A7, comprising HPV types 18, 39, 45, 59, 68 and 70. The genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of HLT7474-S and group A7 HPVs reiterated their relatedness. Of significance were the strong sequence similarity, phylogenetic relationship and conservation of critical motifs between the transforming E6 and E7 of HLT7474-S and E6 of HPV-18 and E7 of HPV-59, respectively. These features clearly suggest that HLT7474-S is a high-risk genital HPV isolate, closely related to HPV-18 and other members of the A7 group of genital HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T K Chow
- Programme in Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore1
| | - Peter W F Leong
- Programme in Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore1
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33
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Brown TJ, Yen-Moore A, Tyring SK. An overview of sexually transmitted diseases. Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41:661-77; quiz 678-80. [PMID: 10534627 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sexually transmitted diseases are a persistent problem in the United States and throughout the world. Many of these infections involve the skin and may be encountered in the field of dermatology. This 3-part review highlights the cutaneous features, diagnosis, and treatment of 11 of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, other than AIDS. The second part of this series focuses on anogenital warts, chronic viral hepatitis, molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and pediculosis pubis. Additional features, such as epidemiology and transmission of the organism, are discussed when applicable. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:661-77.) LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (excluding AIDS) which have cutaneous presentations or involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Brown
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
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34
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Sonnex C, Strauss S, Gray JJ. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA on the fingers of patients with genital warts. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75:317-9. [PMID: 10616355 PMCID: PMC1758241 DOI: 10.1136/sti.75.5.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with genital warts carry human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA on their fingers. METHODS 14 men and eight women with genital warts had cytobrush samples taken from genital lesions, finger tips, and tips of finger nails. Samples were examined for the presence of HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in all female genital samples and in 13/14 male genital samples. HPV DNA was detected in the finger brush samples of three women and nine men. The same HPV type was identified in genital and hand samples in one woman and five men. CONCLUSION This study has identified hand carriage of genital HPV types in patients with genital warts. Although sexual intercourse is considered the usual mode of transmitting genital HPV infection, our findings raise the possibility of transmission by finger-genital contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sonnex
- Department of GU Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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35
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Brown DR, Schroeder JM, Bryan JT, Stoler MH, Fife KH. Detection of multiple human papillomavirus types in Condylomata acuminata lesions from otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed patients. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3316-22. [PMID: 10488198 PMCID: PMC85555 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.10.3316-3322.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Condylomata acuminata, or genital warts, are proliferative lesions of genital epithelium caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV types 6 and 11 are most often detected in these lesions. Genital lesions consistent with exophytic condylomata acuminata were removed by excision biopsy from 65 patients, 41 of whom were otherwise healthy individuals (control group) and 24 of whom had conditions known to cause immunosuppression. Histologically, the majority of the lesions were typical condylomata acuminata. Three lesions removed from immunosuppressed individuals also contained foci of moderate to severe dysplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia grade II/III). A recently developed PCR and reverse blot strip assay was used to determine the specific HPV types present in the genital lesions. With a set of oligonucleotide primers based on the same primer binding regions used for the MY09 and MY11 primer pair, this PCR assay detects the presence of 27 HPV types known to infect the genital tract. All but two condylomata acuminata contained either HPV type 6 or 11. The predominant type in the lesions from control patients was HPV 6, while lesions from immunosuppressed types most often contained HPV 11. Condylomata acuminata from immunosuppressed patients contained significantly more overall HPV types than lesions from the control group. HPV types associated with an increased risk of dysplasia (high-risk types) were detected in 42 (64.6%) of the total of 65 specimens; 18 (43.9%) specimens were detected in the 41 otherwise healthy individuals, and 24 (100%) specimens were detected in the 24 immunosuppressed patients. HPV 16 was the most common high-risk type detected, found in 21 of 65 (32.3%) specimens. After HPV types 6 and 11, HPV types 53 and 54 were the most frequently detected low-risk HPV types. This study demonstrates that a high percentage of condylomata acuminata lesions contain multiple HPV types, including types associated with a high risk of dysplastic abnormalities. Further studies are needed to determine the influence these additional HPV types have on the epidemiology of genital tract HPV infections and the natural history of condylomata acuminata, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Brown
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5124, USA.
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McDonald RL, Rose BR, Gibbins J, Baird PJ. Use of the same archival papanicolanou smears for detection of human papillomavirus by cytology and polymerase chain reaction. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 1999; 8:20-5. [PMID: 10408789 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-199903000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An optimal method for the processing of archival cervical Papanicolaou (pap)-stained smears for the amplification of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. This methodology was then applied to a series of 44 pap smears designated as HPV positive or negative (on the basis of both major and minor cytological criteria) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-cancer. For the detection of HPV DNA, each sample was tested with the consensus GP5/6 primers, and when negative, with CPI-IIG primers. The HPV DNA was detected in 100% (8 of 8) of CIN-cancer smears using the GP5/6 primers. In smears with cytological evidence of HPV without CIN. the use of both sets of primers yielded positive results in 100% (19 of 19) of the samples. Direct sequence analysis of PCR products showed that 16 of the 27 HPV-positive samples contained more recently described HPV types. When tested with both primer combinations, all 17 cytologically negative smears were positive for beta-globin but negative for HPV DNA. The findings show the value of using archival pap smears for further investigations to address issues such as latency, but they indicate that cytological criteria and DNA technology will be critical factors in the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L McDonald
- Cytology Department, Baird Pathology, Toongabbie, New South Wales, Australia
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Women's health literatureWatch. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 1998; 7:1175-84. [PMID: 9861595 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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