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Pisani DF, Lettieri-Barbato D, Ivanov S. Polyamine metabolism in macrophage-adipose tissue function and homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38897879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolism is a crucial regulator of macrophage function. Recent evidence revealed that the polyamine pathway and subsequent hypusination of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) are master regulators of immune cell functions. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), macrophages show an impressive degree of heterogenicity, with specific subsets supporting adaptive thermogenesis during cold exposure. In this review, we discuss the impact of polyamine metabolism on macrophage diversity and function, with a particular focus on their role in adipose tissue homeostasis. Thus, we highlight the exploration of how polyamine metabolism in macrophages contributes to BAT homeostasis as an attractive and exciting new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
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2
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La Paglia L, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Dumas F, Fiannaca A, Urso A, Arizza V, Vizzini A. Transcriptomic and Bioinformatic Analyses Identifying a Central Mif-Cop9-Nf-kB Signaling Network in Innate Immunity Response of Ciona robusta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044112. [PMID: 36835523 PMCID: PMC9960688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ascidian C. robusta is a powerful model for studying innate immunity. LPS induction activates inflammatory-like reactions in the pharynx and the expression of several innate immune genes in granulocyte hemocytes such as cytokines, for instance, macrophage migration inhibitory factors (CrMifs). This leads to intracellular signaling involving the Nf-kB signaling cascade that triggers downstream pro-inflammatory gene expression. In mammals, the COP9 (Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN) complex also results in the activation of the NF-kB pathway. It is a highly conserved complex in vertebrates, mainly engaged in proteasome degradation which is essential for maintaining processes such as cell cycle, DNA repair, and differentiation. In the present study, we used bioinformatics and in-silico analyses combined with an in-vivo LPS exposure strategy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and qRT-PCR to elucidate molecules and the temporal dynamics of Mif cytokines, Csn signaling components, and the Nf-κB signaling pathway in C. robusta. A qRT-PCR analysis of immune genes selected from transcriptome data revealed a biphasic activation of the inflammatory response. A phylogenetic and STRING analysis indicated an evolutionarily conserved functional link between the Mif-Csn-Nf-kB axis in ascidian C. robusta during LPS-mediated inflammation response, finely regulated by non-coding molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Dumas
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Fiannaca
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ding F, Zhu J, Hu Y. Circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 aggravates pyroptosis and inflammation in septic lung tissue by promoting microRNA-766/eukaryotic initiation factor 5A axis-mediated ATP efflux. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e380323. [PMID: 36888755 PMCID: PMC10037555 DOI: 10.1590/acb380323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response to infection, often with multiple organ failures, especially severe lung injury. This study was implemented to probe circular RNA (circRNA) protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2)-associated regulatory mechanisms in septic acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture-based mouse model and an lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-based alveolar type II cell (RLE-6TN) model were generated to mimic sepsis. In the two models, inflammation- and pyroptosis-related genes were measured. RESULTS The degree of lung injury in mice was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptosis was by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. In addition, pyroptosis and toxicity were detected in cells. Finally, the binding relationship between circPTK2, miR-766, and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) was detected. Data indicated that circPTK2 and eIF5A were up-regulated and miR-766 was down-regulated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells and lung tissue of septic mice. Lung injury in septic mice was ameliorated after inhibition of circPTK2. CONCLUSIONS It was confirmed in the cell model that knockdown of circPTK2 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced ATP efflux, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, circPTK2 mediated eIF5A expression by competitively adsorbing miR-766. Taken together, circPTK2/miR-766/eIF5A axis ameliorates septic ALI, developing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuYan Ding
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
| | - JiaLu Zhu
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
| | - YanLei Hu
- Zhengzhou University - Central China Fuwai Hospital - Department of Adult Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit - Zhengzhou (Henan), China
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4
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Xu F, Mei Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liao J, He X, Feng Z, Wang X, Li N. Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates revealed by an RNA sequencing interaction network analysis. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:2004-2015. [PMID: 36643677 PMCID: PMC9834945 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic lung condition known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which primarily affects newborns, especially preterm neonates, is brought on by prolonged oxygen consumption and mechanical ventilation. This case-control study sought to investigate the pathogenesis of BPD in preterm neonates by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODS First, RNA-seq samples were collected from 3 BPD and 3 healthy preterm neonates. Based on the sequencing data and microarray data sets, MERGE.57185.1, the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was identified from the differentially expressed lncRNAs and the key module by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a Venn diagram, and an expression analysis. Next, the differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that were strongly correlated to MERGE.57185.1 were identified in the protein-protein interaction networks and underwent a functional enrichment analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Finally, the mRNA [i.e., eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A)] and miRNA (i.e., hsa-miR-6833-5p) with the strongest correlations to MERGE.57185.1 were identified as the downstream targets. RESULTS Among the 32 genes in the dark-red module and the 158 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 21 overlapping genes were identified. In the gene expression analysis, MERGE.57185.1 (an oncogene) was identified as the key lncRNA in BPD. The results of the multiple bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA and the miRNA with the strongest correlations to MERGE.57185.1 were hsa-miR-6833-5p (a suppressor gene) and EIF5A (an oncogene), respectively. Hsa-miR-6833-5p was lowly expressed in the BPD group, while EIF5A was highly expressed in the BPD group. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 1 key upregulated lncRNA (i.e., MERGE.57185.1) in preterm neonatal BPD, and revealed the MERGE.57185.1/hsa-miR-6833-5p/EIF5A mechanism in preterm neonatal BPD from the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. This key lncRNA gene could serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for prenatal examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yabo Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoguang He
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Polyamines and Their Metabolism: From the Maintenance of Physiological Homeostasis to the Mediation of Disease. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10030038. [PMID: 35893120 PMCID: PMC9326668 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic molecules. They are critical in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein structures, protein synthesis, protein and nucleic acid interactions, oxidative balance, and cell proliferation. Cellular polyamine levels are tightly controlled through their import, export, de novo synthesis, and catabolism. Enzymes and enzymatic cascades involved in polyamine metabolism have been well characterized. This knowledge has been used for the development of novel compounds for research and medical applications. Furthermore, studies have shown that disturbances in polyamine levels and their metabolic pathways, as a result of spontaneous mutations in patients, genetic engineering in mice or experimentally induced injuries in rodents, are associated with multiple maladaptive changes. The adverse effects of altered polyamine metabolism have also been demonstrated in in vitro models. These observations highlight the important role these molecules and their metabolism play in the maintenance of physiological normalcy and the mediation of injury. This review will attempt to cover the extensive and diverse knowledge of the biological role of polyamines and their metabolism in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and the mediation of tissue injury.
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Tauc M, Cougnon M, Carcy R, Melis N, Hauet T, Pellerin L, Blondeau N, Pisani DF. The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A1), the molecule, mechanisms and recent insights into the pathophysiological roles. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:219. [PMID: 34952646 PMCID: PMC8705083 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the demonstration of its involvement in cell proliferation, the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) has been studied principally in relation to the development and progression of cancers in which the isoform A2 is mainly expressed. However, an increasing number of studies report that the isoform A1, which is ubiquitously expressed in normal cells, exhibits novel molecular features that reveal its new relationships between cellular functions and organ homeostasis. At a first glance, eIF5A can be regarded, among other things, as a factor implicated in the initiation of translation. Nevertheless, at least three specificities: (1) its extreme conservation between species, including plants, throughout evolution, (2) its very special and unique post-translational modification through the activating-hypusination process, and finally (3) its close relationship with the polyamine pathway, suggest that the role of eIF5A in living beings remains to be uncovered. In fact, and beyond its involvement in facilitating the translation of proteins containing polyproline residues, eIF5A is implicated in various physiological processes including ischemic tolerance, metabolic adaptation, aging, development, and immune cell differentiation. These newly discovered physiological properties open up huge opportunities in the clinic for pathologies such as, for example, the ones in which the oxygen supply is disrupted. In this latter case, organ transplantation, myocardial infarction or stroke are concerned, and the current literature defines eIF5A as a new drug target with a high level of potential benefit for patients with these diseases or injuries. Moreover, the recent use of genomic and transcriptomic association along with metadata studies also revealed the implication of eIF5A in genetic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of eIF5A from its molecular mechanism of action to its physiological roles and the clinical possibilities that have been recently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Tauc
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. .,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France. .,Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex, France.
| | - Marc Cougnon
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Romain Carcy
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente et Service de Réanimation des Urgences Vitales, CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France.,IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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Asgarov R, Sen MK, Mikhael M, Karl T, Gyengesi E, Mahns DA, Malladi CS, Münch GW. Characterisation of the Mouse Cerebellar Proteome in the GFAP-IL6 Model of Chronic Neuroinflammation. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:404-424. [PMID: 34324160 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GFAP-IL6 transgenic mice are characterised by astroglial and microglial activation predominantly in the cerebellum, hallmarks of many neuroinflammatory conditions. However, information available regarding the proteome profile associated with IL-6 overexpression in the mouse brain is limited. This study investigated the cerebellum proteome using a top-down proteomics approach using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and correlated these data with motor deficits using the elevated beam walking and accelerod tests. In a detailed proteomic analysis, a total of 67 differentially expressed proteoforms including 47 cytosolic and 20 membrane-bound proteoforms were identified. Bioinformatics and literature mining analyses revealed that these proteins were associated with three distinct classes: metabolic and neurodegenerative processes as well as protein aggregation. The GFAP-IL6 mice exhibited impaired motor skills in the elevated beam walking test measured by their average scores of 'number of footslips' and 'time to traverse' values. Correlation of the proteoforms' expression levels with the motor test scores showed a significant positive correlation to peroxiredoxin-6 and negative correlation to alpha-internexin and mitochondrial cristae subunit Mic19. These findings suggest that the observed changes in the proteoform levels caused by IL-6 overexpression might contribute to the motor function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Asgarov
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- Proteomics and Lipidomics Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Behavioural Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- Integrative Physiology Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chandra S Malladi
- Proteomics and Lipidomics Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald W Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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TSLP Exacerbates Septic Inflammation via Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) Signaling Pathway. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091350. [PMID: 31480519 PMCID: PMC6780965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is crucial for Th2-mediated inflammation. Sepsis is a serious systemic inflammatory reaction with organ dysfunction by infection. However, the function of TSLP during sepsis is poorly understood. Thus, we investigated a role and regulatory mechanism of TSLP during sepsis. Sepsis was induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or Escherichia coli DH5α injection in mice. TSLP levels were measured in human subjects, mice, and macrophages. TSLP deficiency or murine double minute 2 (MDM2) deficiency was induced using siRNA or an MDM2 inhibitor, nutlin-3a. We found that TSLP levels were elevated in serum of patients and mice with sepsis. TSLP deficiency lowered liver damage and inflammatory cytokine levels in mice with sepsis. TSLP was produced by the MDM2/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages. TSLP downregulation by an MDM2 inhibitor, nutlin-3a, alleviated clinical symptoms and septic inflammatory responses. Pharmacological inhibition of TSLP level by cisplatin reduced the septic inflammatory responses. Altogether, the present results show that TSLP exacerbates septic inflammation via the MDM2 signaling pathway, suggesting that TSLP may be a potential target for the treatment of sepsis.
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9
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Turpaev K, Krizhanovskii C, Wang X, Sargsyan E, Bergsten P, Welsh N. The protein synthesis inhibitor brusatol normalizes high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice: role of translation factor eIF5A hypusination. FASEB J 2019; 33:3510-3522. [PMID: 30462531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801698r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring quassinoid compound brusatol improves the survival of insulin-producing cells when exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brusatol also promotes beneficial effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and if so, to study the mechanisms by which brusatol acts. In vivo, we observed that the impaired glucose tolerance of HFD-fed male C57BL/6 mice was counteracted by a 2 wk treatment with brusatol. Brusatol treatment improved both β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity of HFD-fed mice. In vitro, brusatol inhibited β-cell total protein and proinsulin biosynthesis, with an ED50 of ∼40 nM. In line with this, brusatol blocked cytokine-induced iNOS protein expression via inhibition of iNOS mRNA translation. Brusatol may have affected protein synthesis, at least in part, via inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination, as eIF5A spermidine association and hypusination in RIN-5AH cells was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The eIF5A hypusination inhibitor GC7 promoted a similar effect. Both brusatol and GC7 protected rat RIN-5AH cells against cytokine-induced cell death. Brusatol reduced eIF5A hypusination and cytokine-induced cell death in EndoC-βH1 cells as well. Finally, hypusinated eIF5A was reduced in vivo by brusatol in islet endocrine and endothelial islet cells of mice fed an HFD. The results of the present study suggest that brusatol improves glucose intolerance in mice fed an HFD, possibly by inhibiting protein biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination.-Turpaev, K., Krizhanovskii, C., Wang, X., Sargsyan, E., Bergsten, P., Welsh, N. The protein synthesis inhibitor brusatol normalizes high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice: role of translation factor eIF5A hypusination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyril Turpaev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Camilla Krizhanovskii
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
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10
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Ramishetti S, Peer D. Engineering lymphocytes with RNAi. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:55-66. [PMID: 30529305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are the gatekeepers of the body's immune system and are involved in pathogenesis if their surveillance is stalled by inhibitory molecules or when they act as mediators for viral entry. Engineering lymphocytes in order to restore their functions is an unmet need in immunological disorders, cancer and in lymphotropic viral infections. Recently, the FDA approved several therapeutic antibodies for blocking inhibitory signals on T cells. This has revolutionized the field of solid tumor care, together with chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy that did the same for hematological malignancies. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach where gene function can be inhibited in almost all types of cells. However, manipulation of genes in lymphocyte subsets are difficult due to their hard-to-transfect nature and in vivo targeting remains challenging as they are dispersed throughout the body. The ability of RNAi molecules to gain entry into cells is almost impossible without delivery strategy. Nanotechnology approaches are rapidly growing and their impact in the field of drug and gene delivery applications to transport payloads inside cells have been extensively studied. Here we discuss various technologies available for RNAi delivery to lymphocytes. We shed light on the importance of targeting molecules in order to target lymphocytes in vivo. In addition, we discuss recent developments of RNAi delivery to lymphocyte subsets, and detail the potential implication for the future of molecular medicine in leukocytes implicated diseases.
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11
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Imam S, Prathibha R, Dar P, Almotah K, Al-Khudhair A, Hasan SAM, Salim N, Jilani TN, Mirmira RG, Jaume JC. eIF5A inhibition influences T cell dynamics in the pancreatic microenvironment of the humanized mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1533. [PMID: 30733517 PMCID: PMC6367423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in which human GAD65 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells, and human MHC-II is expressed on antigen presenting cells. Induced GAD65 antigen presentation activates T-cells, which initiates the downstream events leading to diabetes. In our humanized mice, we have shown downregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 A (elF5A), expressed only in actively dividing mammalian cells. In-vivo inhibition of elF5A hypusination by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitor "GC7" was studied; DHS inhibitor alters the pathophysiology in our mouse model by catalyzing the crucial hypusination and the rate-limiting step of elF5A activation. In our mouse model, we have shown that inhibition of eIF5A resets the pro-inflammatory bias in the pancreatic microenvironment. There was: (a) reduction of Th1/Th17 response, (b) an increase in Treg numbers, (c) debase in IL17 and IL21 cytokines levels in serum, (d) lowering of anti-GAD65 antibodies, and (e) ablation of the ER stress that improved functionality of the β-cells, but minimal effect on the cytotoxic CD8 T-cell (CTL) mediated response. Conclusively, immune modulation, in the case of T1D, may help to manipulate inflammatory responses, decreasing disease severity, and may help manage T1D in early stages of disease. Our study also demonstrates that without manipulating the CTLs mediated response extensively, it is difficult to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - R Prathibha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalil Almotah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Khudhair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Salim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Talha Naser Jilani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic response to infection that can affect brain function by inducing resident cells (including astrocytes and microglia) to generate brain chemokines and cytokines. However, there are few studies on the human brain. Since this information may shed further light on pathogenesis, our study objective was to measure the expression of 36 chemokines and cytokines in autopsied brain from 3 cases of sepsis and 10 controls, and to relate this to astrocyte and microglial activation. METHODS The right frontal pole was removed at autopsy and chemokine and cytokine expression measured by multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were carried out to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of activated astrocytes, and CD68 and CD45, markers of activated microglial cells. RESULTS Concentrations of the chemokines CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12, CCL13 and CCL22 were increased in pooled data from the three cases of sepsis (p<0.05); however, their messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was unaltered. CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL1, CCL2, CCL8, CCL20, (interleukin) IL-16, IL-1β and (tumour necrosis factor) TNF concentrations showed increases in two of three sepsis cases. Additionally, individual sepsis cases showed increases in mRNA expression for HDAC (histone deacetylase) 6 and EIF (eukaryotic translation initiation factor) 4A2. Brain GFAP expression was significantly increased (p<0.05) in pooled data from the three sepsis cases. Individual sepsis cases showed increases in CD68 or CD45 expression. CONCLUSIONS These expression patterns add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis and its effects on the brain.
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13
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Müller LK, Kaps L, Schuppan D, Brose A, Chai W, Fischer K, Müller S, Frey H, Schmidt M, Mohr K. Physicochemical and Preclinical Evaluation of Spermine-Derived Surfactant Liposomes for in Vitro and in Vivo siRNA-Delivery to Liver Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3636-3647. [PMID: 27700112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on a liposomal system for siRNA delivery consisting of cholesterol (Chol), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), and surfactant TF (1-hydroxy-50-amino-3,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaoxa-37,41,45-triaza-pentacontane), a novel spermine derivative (HO-EG8-C12-spermine) which has shown improved siRNA delivery to cells in vitro and in vivo. Predominantly single-walled liposomes with reproducible sizes and moderately broad size distributions were generated with an automated extrusion device. The liposomes remained stable when prepared in the presence of siRNA at N/P ratios of 17-34. However, when mixed with human serum in equal volumes, larger aggregates in the size range of several hundred nanometers were observed by dynamic light scattering. These larger aggregates could potentially limit prolonged in vivo applications. Aggregate formation could be reduced by the addition of a cholesterol-hyperbranched polyglycerol surfactant (hbPG) that sterically shields the liposomal surface against serum induced aggregation. In vitro experiments with murine macrophages utilizing macrophage-specific anti-CD68 siRNA loaded liposomes showed potent and sequence specific reduction of CD68 transcript levels without cytotoxicity. Experiments in mice using intravenous application of CW800 NHS ester labeled liposomes, near-infrared in vivo imaging, and fluorescent assisted cell sorting of inflammatory cells demonstrated an almost quantitative accumulation of these liposomes, with and without hbPG, in the liver and a specific knockdown of CD68 mRNA of up to 70% in liver resident macrophages. It was found that aggregate formation of TF liposomes in serum does not significantly affect in vivo siRNA delivery to these central inflammatory cells of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Müller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander Brose
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Chai
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Mohr
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Nakanishi S, Cleveland JL. Targeting the polyamine-hypusine circuit for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2353-62. [PMID: 27357307 PMCID: PMC5573165 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The unique amino acid hypusine is present in only two proteins in eukaryotic cells, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 (eIF5A1), and eIF5A2, where it is covalently linked to the lysine-50 residue of these proteins via a post-translational modification coined hypusination. This unique modification is directed by two highly conserved and essential enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS), and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH), which selectively use the polyamine spermidine as a substrate to generate hypusinated eIF5A. Notably, elevated levels of polyamines are a hallmark of most tumor types, and increased levels of polyamines can also be detected in the urine and blood of cancer patients. Further, in-clinic agents that block the function of key biosynthetic enzymes in the polyamine pathway markedly impair tumor progression and maintenance of the malignant state. Thus, the polyamine pathway is attractive as a prognostic, prevention and therapeutic target. As we review, recent advances in our understanding of the specific functions of hypusinated eIF5A and its role in tumorigenesis suggest that the polyamine-hypusine circuit is a high priority target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Nakanishi
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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15
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Oh Y, Lee J, Kim HC, Hahn TW, Yoon BI, Han JH, Kwon YS, Park JJ, Koo DB, Rhee KJ, Jung BD. Establishment of hydrochloric acid/lipopolysaccharide-induced pelvic inflammatory disease model. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:413-9. [PMID: 26726020 PMCID: PMC5037311 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is one of the most problematic complications experienced by women with sexually transmitted diseases, frequently causes secondary infections after reproductive abnormalities in veterinary animals. Although the uterus is self-protective, it becomes fragile during periods or pregnancy. To investigate PID, bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from gram negative bacteria has been used to induce the disease in several animal models. However, when LPS is applied to the peritoneum, it often causes systemic sepsis leading to death and the PID was not consistently demonstrated. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been used to induce inflammation in the lungs and stomach but not tested for reproductive organs. In this study, we developed a PID model in mice by HCl and LPS sequential intracervical (i.c.) administration. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were detected in the mouse uterus by western blot analysis and cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after HCl (25 mg/kg) administration i.c. followed by four LPS (50 mg/kg) treatments. Moreover, mice exhibited increased infiltration of neutrophils in the endometrium and epithelial layer. These results suggest that ic co-administration of HCl and LPS induces PID in mice. This new model may provide a consistent and reproducible PID model for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joung Jun Park
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Center, Myung-Poom Hanwoo Consulting, Hoengseong 25218, Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Bae Dong Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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16
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Chen Z, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. Degradable Dextran Nanopolymer as a Carrier for Choline Kinase (ChoK) siRNA Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E34. [PMID: 28344291 PMCID: PMC5302479 DOI: 10.3390/nano6020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has proven to be a specific and effective treatment in cells, the delivery of siRNA is a challenge for the applications of siRNA therapy. We present a degradable dextran with amine groups as an siRNA nano-carrier. In our nano-carrier, the amine groups are conjugated to the dextran platform through the acetal bonds, which are acid sensitive. Therefore this siRNA carrier is stable in neutral and basic conditions, while the amine groups can be cleaved and released from dextran platform under weak acid conditions (such as in endosomes). The cleavage and release of amine groups can reduce the toxicity of cationic polymer and enhance the transfection efficiency. We successfully applied this nano-carrier to deliver choline kinase (ChoK) siRNA for ChoK inhibition in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Chen
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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17
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Müller LK, Landfester K. Natural liposomes and synthetic polymeric structures for biomedical applications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:411-8. [PMID: 26315266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the development and design of drug delivery systems have attracted great attention. Especially siRNA carriers have been of special interest since discovered as suitable tool for gene silencing. Self-assembled structures consisting of amphiphilic molecules are the most investigated carriers with regards to siRNA delivery. Liposomes as drug vehicles already found their way into clinical use, as they are highly biocompatible and their colloidal stability and circulation time in blood can be significantly enhanced by PEGylation. Fully synthetic polymersomes inspired by these natural structures provide enhanced stability and offer a wide range of modification-possibilities. Therefore, their design as carrier vehicles has become of great interest. This mini-review highlights the possibilities of using polymeric vesicles for potential drug delivery and gives a brief overview of their potential regarding fine-tuning towards targeted delivery or triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Pällmann N, Braig M, Sievert H, Preukschas M, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schweizer M, Nagel CH, Neumann M, Wild P, Haralambieva E, Hagel C, Bokemeyer C, Hauber J, Balabanov S. Biological Relevance and Therapeutic Potential of the Hypusine Modification System. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18343-60. [PMID: 26037925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypusine modification of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) is emerging as a crucial regulator in cancer, infections, and inflammation. Although its contribution in translational regulation of proline repeat-rich proteins has been sufficiently demonstrated, its biological role in higher eukaryotes remains poorly understood. To establish the hypusine modification system as a novel platform for therapeutic strategies, we aimed to investigate its functional relevance in mammals by generating and using a range of new knock-out mouse models for the hypusine-modifying enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase as well as for the cancer-related isoform eIF-5A2. We discovered that homozygous depletion of deoxyhypusine synthase and/or deoxyhypusine hydroxylase causes lethality in adult mice with different penetrance compared with haploinsufficiency. Network-based bioinformatic analysis of proline repeat-rich proteins, which are putative eIF-5A targets, revealed that these proteins are organized in highly connected protein-protein interaction networks. Hypusine-dependent translational control of essential proteins (hubs) and protein complexes inside these networks might explain the lethal phenotype observed after deletion of hypusine-modifying enzymes. Remarkably, our results also demonstrate that the cancer-associated isoform eIF-5A2 is dispensable for normal development and viability. Together, our results provide the first genetic evidence that the hypusine modification in eIF-5A is crucial for homeostasis in mammals. Moreover, these findings highlight functional diversity of the hypusine system compared with lower eukaryotes and indicate eIF-5A2 as a valuable and safe target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pällmann
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, the Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Braig
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, the Division of Hematology and
| | - Henning Sievert
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center
| | - Michael Preukschas
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, the Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Hematopathology, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Claus Henning Nagel
- the Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Haralambieva
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center
| | - Joachim Hauber
- the Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- From the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, the Division of Hematology and
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19
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Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE. Immunological and hematological toxicities challenging clinical translation of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1023-48. [PMID: 26017628 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1014794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleic acid-based therapeutics (NATs) are proven agents in correcting disorders caused by gene mutations, as treatments against cancer, microbes and viruses, and as vaccine adjuvants. Although many traditional small molecule NATs have been approved for clinical use, commercialization of macromolecular NATs has been considerably slower, and only a few have successfully reached the market. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of macromolecular NATs has revealed many assorted challenges in immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, pharmacokinetics (PKs), toxicology and formulation. Extensive review has been given to the PK and toxicological concerns of NATs including approaches designed to overcome these issues. Immunological and hematological issues are a commonly reported side effect of NAT treatment; however, literature exploring the mechanistic background of these effects is sparse. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the immunomodulatory properties of various types of therapeutic nucleic acid concepts. The most commonly observed immunological and hematological toxicities are described for various NAT classes, with citations of how to circumvent these toxicities. EXPERT OPINION Although some success with overcoming immunological and hematological toxicities of NATs has been achieved in recent years, immunostimulation remains the main dose-limiting factor challenging clinical translation of these promising therapies. Novel delivery vehicles should be considered to overcome this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program , P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702 , USA +1 301 846 6939 ; +1 301 846 6399 ;
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20
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Oliverio S, Corazzari M, Sestito C, Piredda L, Ippolito G, Piacentini M. The spermidine analogue GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane) induces autophagy through a mechanism not involving the hypusination of eIF5A. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2767-76. [PMID: 25218134 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous administration of spermidine promotes longevity in many model organisms. It has been proposed that this anti-age activity of spermidine is related to this polyamine's ability to promote autophagy. Since spermidine is the substrate for the eIF5A post-translational modification by hypusination, we asked ourselves whether mature eIF5A may represent the link between spermidine and autophagy induction. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited the conversion of native eIF5A by a pharmacological approach, using the N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane (GC7), a spermidine analogue which competitively and reversibly inhibits deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). In addition, we also employed genetic approaches by ablating both the eIF5A protein itself and DHS, the rate limiting enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lysine to hypusine. Collectively the data presented in this study demonstrate that the mature eIF5A (hypusinated form) is not involved in the autophagic pathway and that the inhibitor of DHS, GC7, produces off-target effect(s) resulting in marked induction of basal autophagy. These data are relevant in light of the fact that GC7 is considered a potent and selective inhibitor of DHS and is a potential candidate drug for cancer, diabetes and HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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21
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Francis SM, Taylor CA, Tang T, Liu Z, Zheng Q, Dondero R, Thompson JE. SNS01-T modulation of eIF5A inhibits B-cell cancer progression and synergizes with bortezomib and lenalidomide. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1643-52. [PMID: 24569836 PMCID: PMC4435495 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high rates of recurrence and low median survival in many B-cell cancers highlight a need for new targeted therapeutic modalities. In dividing cells, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is hypusinated and involved in regulation of protein synthesis and proliferation, whereas the non-hypusinated form of eIF5A is a potent inducer of cell death in malignant cells. Here, we demonstrate the potential of modulating eIF5A expression as a novel approach to treating B-cell cancers. SNS01-T is a nonviral polyethylenimine-based nanoparticle, designed to induce apoptosis selectively in B-cell cancers by small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of hypusinated eIF5A and plasmid-based overexpression of a non-hypusinable eIF5A mutant. In this study, we show that SNS01-T is preferentially taken up by malignant B cells, inhibits tumor growth in multiple animal models of B-cell cancers without damaging normal tissues, and synergizes with the current therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide to inhibit tumor progression. The results collectively demonstrate the potential of SNS01-T as a novel therapeutic for treatment of a diverse range of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Francis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine A Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qifa Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John E Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Senesco Technologies, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
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22
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Wang FW, Guan XY, Xie D. Roles of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in human cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:1013-20. [PMID: 24250246 PMCID: PMC3831114 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), the only known cellular protein containing the amino acid hypusine, is an essential component of translation elongation. eIF5A2, one of the two isoforms in the eIF5A family, is reported to be a novel oncogenic protein in many types of human cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that eIF5A2 could initiate tumor formation, enhance cancer cell growth, and increase cancer cell motility and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Accumulatied evidence suggests that eIF5A2 is a useful biomarker in the prediction of cancer prognoses and serves as an anticancer molecular target. In this review, we will focus on updating current knowledge of the EIF5A2 gene in human cancers. The molecular mechanisms of EIF5A2 related to tumorigenesis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-wei Wang
- 1. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine
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23
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Nishiki Y, Farb TB, Friedrich J, Bokvist K, Mirmira RG, Maier B. Characterization of a novel polyclonal anti-hypusine antibody. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:421. [PMID: 24024105 PMCID: PMC3765601 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The translation factor eIF5A is the only protein known to contain the amino acid hypusine, which is formed posttranslationally. Hypusinated eIF5A is necessary for cellular proliferation and responses to extracellular stressors, and has been proposed as a target for pharmacologic therapy. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of a novel polyclonal antibody (IU-88) that specifically recognizes the hypusinated eIF5A. IU-88 will be useful for the investigation of eIF5A biology and for the development of assays recognizing hypusinated eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nishiki
- Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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24
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Taylor CA, Zheng Q, Liu Z, Thompson JE. Role of p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways and tumor suppressor p53 on induction of apoptosis in response to Ad-eIF5A1 in A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:35. [PMID: 23638878 PMCID: PMC3660295 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) is a highly conserved protein involved in many cellular processes including cell division, translation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Induction of apoptosis is the only function of eIF5A1 that is known to be independent of post-translational hypusine modification. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases during apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells infected with adenovirus expressing eIF5A1 or a mutant of eIF5A1 that cannot be hypusinated (eIF5A1K50A). METHODS Using adenoviral-mediated transfection of human A549 lung cancer cells to over-express eIF5A1 and eIF5A1K50A, the mechanism by which unhypusinated eIF5A1 induces apoptosis was investigated by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and use of MAPK and p53 inhibitors. RESULTS Phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK was observed in response to adenovirus-mediated over-expression of eIF5A1 or eIF5A1K50A, along with phosphorylation and stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Synthetic inhibitors of p38 and JNK kinase activity, but not inhibitors of ERK1/2 or p53 activity, significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by Ad-eIF5A1. Importantly, normal lung cells were more resistant to apoptosis induced by eIF5A1 and eIF5A1K50A than A549 lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these data indicate that p38 and JNK MAP kinase signaling are important for eIF5A1-induced cell death and that induction of apoptosis was not dependent on p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qifa Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John E Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Taylor CA, Liu Z, Tang TC, Zheng Q, Francis S, Wang TW, Ye B, Lust JA, Dondero R, Thompson JE. Modulation of eIF5A expression using SNS01 nanoparticles inhibits NF-κB activity and tumor growth in murine models of multiple myeloma. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1305-14. [PMID: 22588272 PMCID: PMC3392975 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the first-line treatment of multiple myeloma, almost all patients eventually experience relapse with drug-resistant disease. New therapeutic modalities are needed, and to this end, SNS01, a therapeutic nanoparticle, is being investigated for treatment of multiple myeloma. The antitumoral activity of SNS01 is based upon modulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a highly conserved protein that is involved in many cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation. eIF5A is regulated by post-translational hypusine modification, and overexpression of hypusination-resistant mutants of eIF5A induces apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. SNS01 is a polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nanoparticle that contains both a B-cell-specific expression plasmid expressing a non-hypusinable mutant of eIF5A and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) which depletes endogenous hypusinated eIF5A. Reducing hypusine-modified eIF5A levels was found to inhibit phosphorylation and activity of ERK MAPK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and thus sensitize myeloma cells to apoptosis resulting from transfection of a plasmid expressing eIF5A(K50R). SNS01 exhibited significant antitumoral activity in both KAS-6/1 (95% inhibition; P < 0.05) and RPMI 8226 (59% inhibition; P < 0.05) multiple myeloma xenograft models following systemic administration. These results highlight the potential of using this approach as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence C Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qifa Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Francis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tzann-Wei Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Lust
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - John E Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Senesco Technologies, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
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26
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Templin AT, Maier B, Nishiki Y, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Deoxyhypusine synthase haploinsufficiency attenuates acute cytokine signaling. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:1043-9. [PMID: 21389784 PMCID: PMC3100881 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.7.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the post-translational formation of the amino acid hypusine. Hypusine is unique to the eukaryotic translational initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), and is required for its functions in mRNA shuttling, translational elongation, and stress granule formation. In recent studies, we showed that DHS promotes cytokine and ER stress signaling in the islet β cell and thereby contributes to its dysfunction in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for DHS (and hypusinated eIF5A) in cellular stress responses, and provide new data on the phenotype of DHS knockout mice. We show that homozygous knockout mice are embryonic lethal, but heterozygous knockout mice appear normal with no evidence of growth or metabolic deficiencies. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from heterozygous knockout mice attenuate acute cytokine signaling, as evidenced by reduced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, but show no statistically significant defects in proliferation or cell cycle progression. Our data are discussed with respect to the utility of sub-maximal inhibition of DHS in the setting of inflammatory states, such as diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Templin
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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27
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Chen H, Bai C, Wang X. The value of the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model in respiratory medicine. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 4:773-83. [PMID: 21128752 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a syndrome characterized by pulmonary edema and acute inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in Gram-negative bacteria, has been used to induce ALI/ARDS. LPS-induced animal models highlight ways to explore mechanisms of multiple diseases and provide useful information on the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug targets. However, each model has its own merits and drawbacks. The goal of this article is to summarize and evaluate the results of experimental findings in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS, and the possible mechanisms and treatments elucidated. Advantages and disadvantages of such models in pulmonary research and new directions for future investigations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Robbins RD, Tersey SA, Ogihara T, Gupta D, Farb TB, Ficorilli J, Bokvist K, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase enhances islet {beta} cell function and survival in the setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress and type 2 diabetes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39943-52. [PMID: 20956533 PMCID: PMC3000976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet β cell dysfunction resulting from inflammation, ER stress, and oxidative stress is a key determinant in the progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was recently shown that the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) promotes early cytokine-induced inflammation in the β cell. DHS catalyzes the conversion of lysine to hypusine, an amino acid that is unique to the translational elongation factor eIF5A. Here, we sought to determine whether DHS activity contributes to β cell dysfunction in models of type 2 diabetes in mice and β cell lines. A 2-week treatment of obese diabetic C57BLKS/J-db/db mice with the DHS inhibitor GC7 resulted in improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin release, and enhanced β cell mass. Thapsigargin treatment of β cells in vitro induces a picture of ER stress and apoptosis similar to that seen in db/db mice; in this setting, DHS inhibition led to a block in CHOP (CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein) production despite >30-fold activation of Chop gene transcription. Blockage of CHOP translation resulted in reduction of downstream caspase-3 cleavage and near-complete protection of cells from apoptotic death. DHS inhibition appeared to prevent the cytoplasmic co-localization of eIF5A with the ER, possibly precluding the participation of eIF5A in translational elongation at ER-based ribosomes. We conclude that hypusination by DHS is required for the ongoing production of proteins, particularly CHOP, in response to ER stress in the β cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiesha D. Robbins
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Dhananjay Gupta
- the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Thomas B. Farb
- the Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - James Ficorilli
- the Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Krister Bokvist
- the Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Bernhard Maier
- the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- the Departments of Medicine and of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Abstract
Dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta cells underlies both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and appears to result in part from the local release of proinflammatory cytokines. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that mediate islet responsiveness to proinflammatory cytokines may therefore expand our knowledge of the role of cytokine signaling in the development of diabetes, providing potential new targets for the development of therapeutics to protect pancreatic islets from inflammation. In this issue of the JCI, Maier and colleagues identify eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) as a critical regulator of the inflammatory response in mouse pancreatic islets. I believe these data provide new and important insights into the regulatory pathways that contribute to the development of diabetes and deepen our understanding of the function of the, so far, rather enigmatic cellular protein eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany.
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30
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Maier B, Ogihara T, Trace AP, Tersey SA, Robbins RD, Chakrabarti SK, Nunemaker CS, Stull ND, Taylor CA, Thompson JE, Dondero RS, Lewis EC, Dinarello CA, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG. The unique hypusine modification of eIF5A promotes islet beta cell inflammation and dysfunction in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2156-70. [PMID: 20501948 PMCID: PMC2877928 DOI: 10.1172/jci38924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, pancreatic islet dysfunction results in part from cytokine-mediated inflammation. The ubiquitous eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is the only protein to contain the amino acid hypusine, contributes to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We therefore investigated whether eIF5A participates in the inflammatory cascade leading to islet dysfunction during the development of diabetes. As described herein, we found that eIF5A regulates iNOS levels and that eIF5A depletion as well as the inhibition of hypusination protects against glucose intolerance in inflammatory mouse models of diabetes. We observed that following knockdown of eIF5A expression, mice were resistant to beta cell loss and the development of hyperglycemia in the low-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes. The depletion of eIF5A led to impaired translation of iNOS-encoding mRNA within the islet. A role for the hypusine residue of eIF5A in islet inflammatory responses was suggested by the observation that inhibition of hypusine synthesis reduced translation of iNOS-encoding mRNA in rodent beta cells and human islets and protected mice against the development of glucose intolerance the low-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes. Further analysis revealed that hypusine is required in part for nuclear export of iNOS-encoding mRNA, a process that involved the export protein exportin1. These observations identify the hypusine modification of eIF5A as a potential therapeutic target for preserving islet function under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anthony P. Trace
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reiesha D. Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Swarup K. Chakrabarti
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Craig S. Nunemaker
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Natalie D. Stull
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Catherine A. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John E. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard S. Dondero
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eli C. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine and Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Senesco Technologies Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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31
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Li CH, Ohn T, Ivanov P, Tisdale S, Anderson P. eIF5A promotes translation elongation, polysome disassembly and stress granule assembly. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9942. [PMID: 20376341 PMCID: PMC2848580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci at which untranslated mRNAs accumulate in cells exposed to environmental stress. We have identified ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme required for polyamine synthesis, and eIF5A, a polyamine (hypusine)-modified translation factor, as proteins required for arsenite-induced SG assembly. Knockdown of deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) or treatment with a deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor (GC7) prevents hypusine modification of eIF5A as well as arsenite-induced polysome disassembly and stress granule assembly. Time-course analysis reveals that this is due to a slowing of stress-induced ribosome run-off in cells lacking hypusine-eIF5A. Whereas eIF5A only marginally affects protein synthesis under normal conditions, it is required for the rapid onset of stress-induced translational repression. Our results reveal that hypusine-eIF5A-facilitated translation elongation promotes arsenite-induced polysome disassembly and stress granule assembly in cells subjected to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takbum Ohn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Tisdale
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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32
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Wu SY, McMillan NAJ. Lipidic systems for in vivo siRNA delivery. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:639-52. [PMID: 19757082 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence specific target genes not only offers a tool to study gene function but also represents a novel approach for the treatment of various human diseases. Its clinical use, however, has been severely hampered by the lack of delivery of these molecules to target cell populations in vivo due to their instability, inefficient cell entry, and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Various delivery vectors including liposomes, polymers, and nanoparticles have thus been developed in order to circumvent these problems. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the barriers and recent progress for both local and systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNA using lipidic vectors. Different strategies for formulating these siRNA-loaded lipid particles as well as the general concern about their safe use in vivo will also be discussed. Finally, current advances in the targeted delivery of siRNA and their impacts on the field of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Y Wu
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Level 4, R-Wing, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Buranda, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Flanagan JM, Steward S, Hankins JS, Howard TM, Neale G, Ware RE. Microarray analysis of liver gene expression in iron overloaded patients with sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:328-34. [PMID: 19384939 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic transfusion therapy is used clinically to supply healthy erythrocytes for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or beta-thalassemia major (TM). Despite the benefits of red blood cell transfusions, chronic transfusions lead to iron accumulation in key tissues such as the heart, liver, and endocrine glands. Transfusion-acquired iron overload is recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving chronic transfusions. At present, there is little understanding of molecular events that occur during transfusional iron loading and the reasons for the large inter-individual variation observed clinically in transfusion-acquired iron accumulation. To address these issues, we examined whether any liver-expressed genes in SCA or TM patients with transfusional iron overload were associated with the degree of iron accumulation. Specifically, we performed microarray analysis on liver biopsy specimens comparing SCA patients with mild or severe iron overload and also compared SCA with TM patients. Fifteen candidate genes were identified with significantly differential expression between the high and low liver iron concentrations. SCA patients and 20 candidate genes were detected between the SCA and TM patient comparison. Subsequent quantitative PCR experiments validated 12 candidate genes; with GSTM1, eIF5a, SULF2, NTS, and HO-1 being particularly good prospects as genes that might affect the degree of iron accumulation. Future work will determine the baseline expression of these genes prior to transfusional iron overload and elucidate the full impact of these genes on the inter-individual variation observed clinically in transfusion-acquired iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Flanagan
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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Waterhouse DN. Research Highlights. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.4.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn N Waterhouse
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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