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Bauer F, Knights AM, Griffin JN, Hanley ME, Foggo A, Brown A, Jones E, Firth LB. Scale-dependent topographic complexity underpins abundance and spatial distribution of ecosystem engineers on natural and artificial structures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173519. [PMID: 38821270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In response to ongoing coastal urbanization, it is critical to develop effective methods to improve the biodiversity and ecological sustainability of artificial shorelines. Enhancing the topographic complexity of coastal infrastructure through the mimicry of natural substrata may facilitate the establishment of ecosystem engineering species and associated biogenic habitat formation. However, interactions between ecosystem engineers and their substratum are likely determined by organismal size and resource needs, thus making responses to topography highly scale-dependent. Here, we assessed the topographic properties (rugosity, surface area, micro-surface orientations) that underpin the abundance and distribution of two ecosystem engineers (fucoids, limpets) across six spatial scales (1-500 mm). Furthermore, we assessed the 'biogenic' rugosity created by barnacle matrices across fine scales (1-20 mm). Field surveys and 3D scanning, conducted across natural and artificial substrata, showed major effects of rugosity and associated topographic variables on ecosystem engineer assemblages and spatial occupancy, while additional abiotic environmental factors (compass direction, wave exposure) and biotic associations only had weak influences. Natural substrata exhibited ≤67 % higher rugosity than artificial ones. Fucoid-covered patches were predominantly associated with high-rugosity substrata and horizontal micro-surfaces, while homescars of limpets (≥15 mm shell length) predominated on smoother substratum patches. Barnacle-driven rugosity homogenized substrata at scales ≤10 mm. Our findings suggest that scale-dependent rugosity is a key driver of fucoid habitat formation and limpet habitat use, with wider eco-engineering applications for mimicking ecologically impactful topography on coastal infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Bauer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Emma Jones
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Guedes JJM, Diniz-Filho JAF, Moura MR. Macroecological correlates of Darwinian shortfalls across terrestrial vertebrates. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240216. [PMID: 39046287 PMCID: PMC11268159 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most described species have not been explicitly included in phylogenetic trees-a problem named the Darwinian shortfall-owing to a lack of molecular and/or morphological data, thus hampering the explicit incorporation of evolution into large-scale biodiversity analyses. We investigate potential drivers of the Darwinian shortfall in tetrapods, a group in which at least one-third of described species still lack phylogenetic data, thus necessitating the imputation of their evolutionary relationships in fully sampled phylogenies. We show that the number of preserved specimens in scientific collections is the main driver of phylogenetic knowledge accumulation, highlighting the major role of biological collections in unveiling novel biodiversity data and the importance of continued sampling efforts to reduce knowledge gaps. Additionally, large-bodied and wide-ranged species, as well as terrestrial and aquatic amphibians and reptiles, are phylogenetically better known. Future efforts should prioritize phylogenetic research on organisms that are narrow-ranged, small-bodied and underrepresented in scientific collections, such as fossorial species. Addressing the Darwinian shortfall will be imperative for advancing our understanding of evolutionary drivers shaping biodiversity patterns and implementing comprehensive conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny J. M. Guedes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás—Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO74690-900, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás — Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO74690-900, Brazil
| | - Mario R. Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Campinas, Campinas, SP13083-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB58397-000, Brazil
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3
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Paraskevopoulos AW, Sanders NJ, Resasco J. Temperature-driven homogenization of an ant community over 60 years in a montane ecosystem. Ecology 2024; 105:e4302. [PMID: 38594213 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms underlying the changes in the distribution of species is critical to accurately predict how species have responded and will respond to climate change. Here, we take advantage of a late-1950s study on ant assemblages in a canyon near Boulder, Colorado, USA, to understand how and why species distributions have changed over a 60-year period. Community composition changed over 60 years with increasing compositional similarity among ant assemblages. Community composition differed significantly between the periods, with aspect and tree cover influencing composition. Species that foraged in broader temperature ranges became more widespread over the 60-year period. Our work highlights that shifts in community composition and biotic homogenization can occur even in undisturbed areas without strong habitat degradation. We also show the power of pairing historical and contemporary data and encourage more mechanistic studies to predict species changes under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julian Resasco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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4
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Bauer F, Knights AM, Hanley ME, Griffin JN, Foggo A, Brown A, Firth LB. Topography-based modulation of environmental factors as a mechanism for intertidal microhabitat formation: A basis for marine ecological design. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116358. [PMID: 38643588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Topographic complexity is often considered to be closely associated with habitat complexity and niche diversity; however, complex topography per se does not imply habitat suitability. Rather, ecologically suitable habitats may emerge if topographic features interact with environmental factors and thereby alter their surrounding microenvironment to the benefit of local organisms (e.g., resource provisioning, stress mitigation). Topography may thus act as a key modulator of abiotic stressors and biotic pressures, particularly in environmentally challenging intertidal systems. Here, we review how topography can alter microhabitat conditions with respect to four resources required by intertidal organisms: a source of energy (light, suspended food particles, prey, detritus), water (hydration, buffering of light, temperature and hydrodynamics), shelter (temperature, wave exposure, predation), and habitat space (substratum area, propagule settlement, movement). We synthesize mechanisms and quantitative findings of how environmental factors can be altered through topography and suggest an organism-centered 'form-follows-ecological-function' approach to designing multifunctional marine infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Bauer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Environmental Research Institute, School of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Environmental Research Institute, School of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
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5
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Suárez D, Arribas P, Macías-Hernández N, Emerson BC. Dispersal ability and niche breadth influence interspecific variation in spider abundance and occupancy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230051. [PMID: 37181793 PMCID: PMC10170352 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between species local abundance and their regional distribution (occupancy) is one of the most extensively recognized and investigated patterns in ecology. While exceptions exist, the generally held model is that locally abundant species also tend to be more widespread geographically. However, there is only a limited understanding of both the mechanisms driving this relationship, and their scale dependency. Here we use occupancy and abundance data for 123 species of spider from across the Canary Islands to understand how both dispersal ability and niche breadth might mediate variation among species for local abundance and occupancy. We test the predictions that (i) dispersal ability explains variation among species for both abundance and occupancy, and (ii) species with a higher degree of habitat specialization, reflecting more limited niche breadth, will have both higher occupancy and abundance. We find no evidence within habitat patches for an effect of dispersal ability on either local abundance or site occupancy, while across all patches species with higher dispersal ability tend to occupy more sites. Species largely restricted to laurel forests have higher abundance than species with broader niche breadth, but similar occupancy. The study revealed that dispersal ability and niche breadth were significant predictors of the abundance-occupancy relationship, highlighting the importance of both factors for understanding patterns of abundance and occupancy among spider species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Suárez
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38200, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38200, Spain
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
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6
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Anderson MJ, Walsh DCI, Sweatman WL, Punnett AJ. Non-linear models of species' responses to environmental and spatial gradients. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2739-2752. [PMID: 36269686 PMCID: PMC9828393 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Species' responses to broad-scale environmental or spatial gradients are typically unimodal. Current models of species' responses along gradients tend to be overly simplistic (e.g., linear, quadratic or Gaussian GLMs), or are suitably flexible (e.g., splines, GAMs) but lack direct ecologically interpretable parameters. We describe a parametric framework for species-environment non-linear modelling ('senlm'). The framework has two components: (i) a non-linear parametric mathematical function to model the mean species response along a gradient that allows asymmetry, flattening/peakedness or bimodality; and (ii) a statistical error distribution tailored for ecological data types, allowing intrinsic mean-variance relationships and zero-inflation. We demonstrate the utility of this model framework, highlighting the flexibility of a range of possible mean functions and a broad range of potential error distributions, in analyses of fish species' abundances along a depth gradient, and how they change over time and at different latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti J. Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS)Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand,PRIMER‐e (Quest Research Limited)AucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Winston L. Sweatman
- School of Mathematical and Computational SciencesMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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7
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Song C, Simmons BI, Fortin MJ, Gonzalez A. Generalism drives abundance: A computational causal discovery approach. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010302. [PMID: 36173959 PMCID: PMC9521805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A ubiquitous pattern in ecological systems is that more abundant species tend to be more generalist; that is, they interact with more species or can occur in wider range of habitats. However, there is no consensus on whether generalism drives abundance (a selection process) or abundance drives generalism (a drift process). As it is difficult to conduct direct experiments to solve this chicken-and-egg dilemma, previous studies have used a causal discovery method based on formal logic and have found that abundance drives generalism. Here, we refine this method by correcting its bias regarding skewed distributions, and employ two other independent causal discovery methods based on nonparametric regression and on information theory, respectively. Contrary to previous work, all three independent methods strongly indicate that generalism drives abundance when applied to datasets on plant-hummingbird communities and reef fishes. Furthermore, we find that selection processes are more important than drift processes in structuring multispecies systems when the environment is variable. Our results showcase the power of the computational causal discovery approach to aid ecological research. Ever since Aristotle, the chicken-or-egg causality dilemma has baffled researchers. Such causality dilemmas are abundant in ecological research, where causal directions are often assumed but not tested. An archetypal example is whether being a generalist causes a species to be more abundant, or whether being more abundant causes a species to be generalists. Without doubt, the gold standard to establish causal directions is controlled experiments. However, controlled experiments that can disentangle the direction of causality in this case are challenging because it involves controlling biotic or abiotic niche breadth. These challenges create an opportunity for computational tools to detect the most likely causal direction. Here, by adapting a set of recently developed computational methods, we provide strong evidence that generalism drives abundance, overturning the previously established direction. We hope our work raises awareness of the potential for computational discovery methods to address long-standing questions in ecology, especially increasingly large datasets become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuliang Song
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Benno I. Simmons
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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8
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Hořák D, Rivas-Salvador J, Farkač J, Reif J. Traits and ecological space availability predict avian densities at the country scale of the Czech Republic. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9119. [PMID: 35866025 PMCID: PMC9289119 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Species' geographical distributions and abundances are a central focus of current ecological research. Although multiple studies have been conducted on their elucidation, some important information is still missing. One of them is the knowledge of ecological traits of species responsible for the population density variations across geographical (i.e., total physical area) and ecological spaces (i.e., suitable habitat area). This is crucial for understanding how ecological specialization shapes the geographical distribution of species, and provides key knowledge about the sensitivity of species to current environmental challenges. Here, we precisely describe habitat availability for individual species using fine-scale field data collected across the entire Czech Republic. In the next step, we used this information to test the relationships between bird traits and country-scale estimates of population densities assessed in both geographical and ecological spaces. We did not find any effect of habitat specialization on avian density in geographical space. But when we recalculated densities for ecological space available, we found a positive correlation with habitat specialization. Specialists occur at higher densities in suitable habitats. Moreover, birds with arboreal and hole-nesting strategies showed higher densities in both geographical and ecological spaces. However, we found no significant effects of morphological (body mass and structural body size) and reproductive (position along the slow-fast life-history continuum) traits on avian densities in either geographical or ecological space. Our findings suggest that ecological space availability is a strong determinant of avian abundance and highlight the importance of precise knowledge of species-specific habitat requirements. Revival of this classical but challenging ecological topic of habitat-specific densities is needed for both proper understanding of pure ecological issues and practical steps in the conservation of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hořák
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Javier Rivas-Salvador
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Farkač
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Reif
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic.,Czech Society for Ornithology Prague Czech Republic
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9
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Pinho BX, Trindade DPF, Peres CA, Jamelli D, de Lima RAF, Ribeiro EMS, Melo FPL, Leal IR, Tabarelli M. Cross‐scale drivers of woody plant species commonness and rarity in the Brazilian drylands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno X. Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
| | - Davi Jamelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Elâine M. S. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética Evolutiva Universidade de Pernambuco – Campus Petrolina Petrolina Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
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10
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Ten Caten C, Holian LA, Dallas T. Effects of occupancy estimation on abundance-occupancy relationships. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220137. [PMID: 35673875 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundance-occupancy relationships predict that species that occupy more sites are also more locally abundant, where occupancy is usually estimated following the assumption that species can occupy all sampled sites. Here we use the National Ecological Observatory Network small-mammal data to assess whether this assumption affects abundance-occupancy relationships. We estimated occupancy considering all sampled sites (traditional occupancy) and only the sites found within the species geographic range (spatial occupancy) and realized environmental niche (environmental occupancy). We found that when occupancy was estimated considering only sites possible for the species to colonize (spatial and environmental occupancy) weaker abundance-occupancy relationships were observed. This shows that the assumption that the species can occupy all sampled sites directly affects the assessment of abundance-occupancy relationships. Estimating occupancy considering only sites that are possible for the species to colonize will consequently lead to a more robust assessment of abundance-occupancy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ten Caten
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, USA
| | - Lauren A Holian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, USA
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11
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Inter-specific variability in demographic processes affects abundance-occupancy relationships. Oecologia 2022; 198:153-165. [PMID: 35022849 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Species with large local abundances tend to occupy more sites. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain this widely reported inter-specific relationship is a cross-scale hypothesis based on dynamics at the population level. Called the vital rates mechanism; it uses within-population demographic processes of population growth and density dependence to predict when inter-specific abundance-occupancy relationships can arise and when these relationships can weaken and even turn negative. Even though the vital rates mechanism is mathematically simple, its predictions has never been tested directly because of the difficulty estimating the demographic parameters involved. Here, using a recently introduced mark-recapture analysis method, we show that there is no relationship between abundance and occupancy among 17 bird species. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the vital rate mechanism regarding the demographic processes that are expected to weaken this relationship. Specifically, we find that intrinsic growth rate and local abundance are not correlated, and density dependence strength shows considerable variation across species. Variability in density dependence strength is related to variability in species-level local average abundance and intrinsic growth rate; species with lower growth rate have higher abundance and are strongly regulated by density dependent processes, especially acting on survival rates. More generally, our findings support a cross-scale mechanism of macroecological abundance-occupancy relationship emerging from density-dependent dynamics at the population level.
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12
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de Paiva Ferreira DL, Guedes GHS, da Silva LG, Araújo FG. Resource partitioning among freshwater congeneric fishes (Loricariidae: Hypostomus): trophic, spatial, and temporal dimensions. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.2010974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Giacoia da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
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13
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Pandilha J, de Toledo JJ, Barbosa LCF, Carvalho WD, de Sousa JC, Cardoso da Silva JM. Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12529. [PMID: 34917422 PMCID: PMC8643102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joandro Pandilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Júlio de Toledo
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - William Douglas Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jackson Cleiton de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Maria Cardoso da Silva
- Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
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14
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Hu Y, Scheffers B, Pan X, Hu H, Zhou Z, Liang D, Wenda C, Wen Z, Gibson L. Positive abundance-elevational range size relationship weakened from temperate to subtropical ecosystems. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2623-2636. [PMID: 34245566 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Describing the patterns and revealing the underlying mechanisms responsible for variations in community structure remain a central focus in ecology. However, important gaps remain, including our understanding of species abundance. Most studies on abundance-based relationships are from either temperate ecosystems or tropical ecosystems, and few have explicitly tested abundance-based relationships across a temperate to tropical ecotone. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of breeding birds across elevation spanning a temperate to subtropical gradient in the Himalayas-Hengduan Mountains of China to examine the relationship between species abundance and (a) elevational range size, (b) body size, (c) elevational range centre and (d) endemicity. We tested a priori predictions for abundance-elevational range size relationship, abundance-body size relationship and abundance-elevational range centre relationship, and explored how these relationships change along this temperate to subtropical mountain ecosystem. We found that species abundance was significantly positively correlated with elevational range size across the study sites, demonstrating the key importance of elevational range size towards species abundance. Body size and elevational range centre are weakly correlated with abundance. A novel finding of our study is that the abundance-elevational range size relationship gradually weakened from temperate to subtropical ecosystems, adding to a growing body of evidence suggesting that abundance-elevational range size tracks a temperate to tropical ecotone. Our study demonstrates that abundance range-size relationship can transition across ecotones where faunas of different evolutionary origins converge. Furthermore, measuring abundance relationships across different environmental variables at the same spatial scale with comparable biogeography is a key strategy that can reveal the underlying mechanisms behind abundance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brett Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xinyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijian Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cheng Wenda
- Division for Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R. China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Cacho NI, McIntyre PJ, Kliebenstein DJ, Strauss SY. Genome size evolution is associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolates, but not life history, soil nutrients or range size, across a clade of mustards. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:887-902. [PMID: 33675229 PMCID: PMC8225284 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigate patterns of evolution of genome size across a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of Brassicaceae, in relation to ecological and life history traits. While numerous hypotheses have been put forward regarding autecological and environmental factors that could favour small vs. large genomes, a challenge in understanding genome size evolution in plants is that many hypothesized selective agents are intercorrelated. METHODS We contribute genome size estimates for 47 species of Streptanthus Nutt. and close relatives, and take advantage of many data collections for this group to assemble data on climate, life history, soil affinity and composition, geographic range and plant secondary chemistry to identify simultaneous correlates of variation in genome size in an evolutionary framework. We assess models of evolution across clades and use phylogenetically informed analyses as well as model selection and information criteria approaches to identify variables that can best explain genome size variation in this clade. KEY RESULTS We find differences in genome size and heterogeneity in its rate of evolution across subclades of Streptanthus and close relatives. We show that clade-wide genome size is positively associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolate compounds. Model selection and information criteria approaches identify a best model that includes temperature seasonality and fraction of aliphatic glucosinolates, suggesting a possible role for genome size in climatic adaptation or a role for biotic interactions in shaping the evolution of genome size. We find no evidence supporting hypotheses of life history, range size or soil nutrients as forces shaping genome size in this system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest climate seasonality and biotic interactions as potential forces shaping the evolution of genome size and highlight the importance of evaluating multiple factors in the context of phylogeny to understand the effect of possible selective agents on genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ivalú Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution of Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J McIntyre
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- NatureServe, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- DynaMo Centre of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sharon Y Strauss
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Fristoe TS, Chytrý M, Dawson W, Essl F, Heleno R, Kreft H, Maurel N, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Vargas P, Yang Q, Attorre F, Bergmeier E, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Biurrun I, Boch S, Bonari G, Botta-Dukát Z, Bruun HH, Byun C, Čarni A, Carranza ML, Catford JA, Cerabolini BEL, Chacón-Madrigal E, Ciccarelli D, Ćušterevska R, de Ronde I, Dengler J, Golub V, Haveman R, Hough-Snee N, Jandt U, Jansen F, Kuzemko A, Küzmič F, Lenoir J, Macanović A, Marcenò C, Martin AR, Michaletz ST, Mori AS, Niinemets Ü, Peterka T, Pielech R, Rašomavičius V, Rūsiņa S, Dias AS, Šibíková M, Šilc U, Stanisci A, Jansen S, Svenning JC, Swacha G, van der Plas F, Vassilev K, van Kleunen M. Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe's alien and native floras. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021173118. [PMID: 34050023 PMCID: PMC8179145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021173118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding drivers of success for alien species can inform on potential future invasions. Recent conceptual advances highlight that species may achieve invasiveness via performance along at least three distinct dimensions: 1) local abundance, 2) geographic range size, and 3) habitat breadth in naturalized distributions. Associations among these dimensions and the factors that determine success in each have yet to be assessed at large geographic scales. Here, we combine data from over one million vegetation plots covering the extent of Europe and its habitat diversity with databases on species' distributions, traits, and historical origins to provide a comprehensive assessment of invasiveness dimensions for the European alien seed plant flora. Invasiveness dimensions are linked in alien distributions, leading to a continuum from overall poor invaders to super invaders-abundant, widespread aliens that invade diverse habitats. This pattern echoes relationships among analogous dimensions measured for native European species. Success along invasiveness dimensions was associated with details of alien species' introduction histories: earlier introduction dates were positively associated with all three dimensions, and consistent with theory-based expectations, species originating from other continents, particularly acquisitive growth strategists, were among the most successful invaders in Europe. Despite general correlations among invasiveness dimensions, we identified habitats and traits associated with atypical patterns of success in only one or two dimensions-for example, the role of disturbed habitats in facilitating widespread specialists. We conclude that considering invasiveness within a multidimensional framework can provide insights into invasion processes while also informing general understanding of the dynamics of species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-research group, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Erwin Bergmeier
- Vegetation Analysis & Phytodiversity, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Idoia Biurrun
- Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Steffen Boch
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gianmaria Bonari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Zoltán Botta-Dukát
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Andraž Čarni
- Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 2BG, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Renata Ćušterevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia
| | - Iris de Ronde
- Central Government Real Estate Agency, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology, Institue of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentin Golub
- Laboratory of Phytocenology, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Rense Haveman
- Central Government Real Estate Agency, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA 98801
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Kuzemko
- M.G. Kjolodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Filip Küzmič
- Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, UMR 7058 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Armin Macanović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Center for Ecology and Natural Resources-Academician Sulejman Redžić, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Corrado Marcenò
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam R Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomáš Peterka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
- Foundation for Biodiversity Research, 50-231 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Solvita Rūsiņa
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mária Šibíková
- Department of Geobotany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Urban Šilc
- Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Stanisci
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, EnvixLab, University of Molise, 86039 Termoli, Italy
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz Swacha
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Botanical Garden, University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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17
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Robertson MD, Gao J, Regular PM, Morgan MJ, Zhang F. Lagged recovery of fish spatial distributions following a cold-water perturbation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9513. [PMID: 33947937 PMCID: PMC8096816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning environmental conditions. Here, we tested for change and recovery of the spatial distributions of two flatfish populations, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), in response to consecutive decreasing and increasing water temperature on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada from 1985 to 2018. Using a Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal model, we found the distributions of both species shifted southwards following a period when anomalous cold water covered the northern sections of the Grand Bank. After accounting for density-dependent effects, we observed that yellowtail flounder re-distributed northwards when water temperature returned and exceeded levels recorded before the cold period, while the spatial distribution of American plaice has not recovered. Our study demonstrates nonlinear effects of an environmental factor on species distribution, implying the possibility of irreversible (or hard-to-reverse) changes of species distribution following a rapid change and gradual recovery of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Robertson
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
| | - J. Gao
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
| | - P. M. Regular
- grid.23618.3e0000 0004 0449 2129Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Rd., P.O. Box 5667, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1 Canada
| | - M. J. Morgan
- grid.23618.3e0000 0004 0449 2129Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Rd., P.O. Box 5667, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1 Canada
| | - F. Zhang
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
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18
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Moura MR, Jetz W. Shortfalls and opportunities in terrestrial vertebrate species discovery. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:631-639. [PMID: 33753900 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Much of biodiversity remains undiscovered, causing species and their functions to remain unrealized and potentially lost in ignorance. Here we use extensive species-level data in a time-to-event model framework to identify taxonomic and geographic discovery gaps in terrestrial vertebrates. Biological, environmental and sociological factors all affect discovery probability and together provide strong predictive ability for species discovery. Our model identifies distinct taxonomic and geographic unevenness in future discovery potential, with greatest opportunities for amphibians and reptiles, and for Neotropical and Indo-Malayan forests. Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar and Colombia emerge as holding greatest discovery opportunities, with a quarter of potential discoveries estimated. These findings highlight the importance of international policy support for basic taxonomic research and the potential of quantitative models to aid species discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Moura
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Brazil.
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Locke SA, Drago FB, López-Hernández D, Chibwana FD, Núñez V, Van Dam A, Achinelly MF, Johnson PTJ, de Assis JCA, de Melo AL, Pinto HA. Intercontinental distributions, phylogenetic position and life cycles of species of Apharyngostrigea (Digenea, Diplostomoidea) illuminated with morphological, experimental, molecular and genomic data. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:667-683. [PMID: 33716019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When subjected to molecular study, species of digeneans believed to be cosmopolitan are usually found to consist of complexes of species with narrower distributions. We present molecular and morphological evidence of transcontinental distributions in two species of Apharyngostrigea Ciurea, 1924, based on samples from Africa and the Americas. Sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I and, in some samples, internal transcribed spacer, revealed Apharyngostrigea pipientis (Faust, 1918) in Tanzania (first known African record), Argentina, Brazil, USA and Canada. Sequences from A. pipientis also match previously published sequences identified as Apharyngostrigea cornu (Zeder, 1800) originating in Mexico. Hosts of A. pipientis surveyed include definitive hosts from the Afrotropic, Neotropic and Nearctic, as well as first and second intermediate hosts from the Americas, including the type host and type region. In addition, metacercariae of A. pipientis were obtained from experimentally infected Poecilia reticulata, the first known record of this parasite in a non-amphibian second intermediate host. Variation in cytochrome c oxidase I haplotypes in A. pipientis is consistent with a long established, wide-ranging species with moderate genetic structure among Nearctic, Neotropic and Afrotropic regions. We attribute this to natural dispersal by birds and find no evidence of anthropogenic introductions of exotic host species. Sequences of CO1 and ITS from adult Apharyngostrigea simplex (Johnston, 1904) from Egretta thula in Argentina matched published data from cercariae from Biomphalaria straminea from Brazil and metacercariae from Cnesterodon decemmaculatus in Argentina, consistent with previous morphological and life-cycle studies reporting this parasite-originally described in Australia-in South America. Analyses of the mitochondrial genome and rDNA operon from A. pipientis support prior phylogenies based on shorter markers showing the Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 to be polyphyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Locke
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000, USA.
| | - Fabiana B Drago
- Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fred D Chibwana
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Verónica Núñez
- Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alex Van Dam
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000, USA
| | | | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jordana Costa Alves de Assis
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Lane de Melo
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hudson Alves Pinto
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Wen Z, Feijó A, Cheng J, Du Y, Ge D, Xia L, Yang Q. Explaining mammalian abundance and elevational range size with body mass and niche characteristics. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent work on tropical montane small mammals and birds has shown that abundance–elevational range size relationships (i.e., the relationship between abundance of a species and its elevational range size) can be manifested in a number of distinct generalized patterns. To understand why different patterns occur, one first must understand the causal mechanisms behind patterns of interspecific variation in species abundance and elevational range size. Using small mammal data along five elevational gradients in Southwest China, we assessed the relative importance of body mass, niche position (i.e., how typical the environmental conditions in which a species occurs are of the full set of conditions under consideration) and niche breadth in explaining the interspecific variation in mean abundance of species of small mammals, and elevational range size. Niche position and niche breadth were calculated using outlying mean index analysis based on 24 environmental variables. The relative importance of body mass, niche position, and niche breadth, in explaining the mean abundance and elevational range size of species were examined using phylogenetic regression and phylogenetic path analyses. Along each of five elevational gradients, body mass maintained a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) relationship both with mean abundance and elevational range size when the effects of phylogeny were taken into account. Niche position had a negative effect on mean abundance and elevational range size (species with a niche position close to edge environmental conditions were rarer and had smaller elevational range sizes) across five gradients (significant negative effect: three gradients for mean abundance; five gradients for elevational range size). Conversely, a positive effect of niche breadth on mean abundance and elevational range size was observed consistently, yet the effect was significant only for some gradients (mean abundance: two gradients; elevational range size: four gradients). Our study suggests that niche position and niche breadth both are good predictors of abundance and elevational range size of montane small mammals; niche position and niche breadth therefore play a strong role in the formation of abundance–elevational range size relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Anderson Feijó
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanbao Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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21
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Sreekar R, Sam K, Dayananda SK, Goodale UM, Kotagama SW, Goodale E. Endemicity and land-use type influence the abundance-range-size relationship of birds on a tropical island. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:460-470. [PMID: 33080048 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single adverse environment event can threaten the survival of small-ranged species while random fluctuations in population size increase the extinction risk of less-abundant species. The abundance-range-size relationship (ARR) is usually positive, which means that smaller-ranged species are often of low abundance and might face both problems simultaneously. The ARR has been reported to be negative on tropical islands, perhaps allowing endemic species in such environments to remain extant. But there is a need to understand how endemism and land-use interact to shape ARR. Using 41 highly replicated transects along the full elevational gradient of Sri Lanka, we determined the following: (a) the direction of ARR, (b) if endemism affects ARR and (c) if land-use (rainforest, buffer and agriculture) changes ARR differently for endemics and non-endemics. Additionally, (d) we identified endemics that had both lower abundances and smaller range sizes, and ranked them from most threatened (specific to rainforests) to least threatened using a weighted-interaction nestedness estimator. (a) We found a positive relationship between species abundances and range size. This positive ARR was maintained among endemic and non-endemic species, across land-use types and at local and regional scales. (b) The ARR interacted with endemicity and land-use. Endemics with smaller range sizes had higher abundances than non-endemics, and particularly higher in rainforests compared to agriculture. In contrast, species with larger range sizes had similar abundances across endemicity and land-use categories. Many endemics with smaller range sizes are globally threatened; therefore, higher abundances may buffer them from extinction risks. (c) Nine (29%) endemics had both below average abundance and elevational range size. The nestedness estimator ranked the endemics Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush Myophonus blighi, Red-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus, Sri Lanka Thrush Zoothera imbricata and White-faced Starling Sturnornis albofrontus as the four most vulnerable species to local extinction risk, which corresponds to their global extinction risk. We demonstrate that ARR can be positive on tropical islands, but it is influenced by endemism and land-use. Examining shifts in ARR is not only important to understand community dynamics but can also act as a tool to inform managers about species that require monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katerina Sam
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Salindra K Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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22
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Sam K, Koane B. Biomass, abundances, and abundance and geographical range size relationship of birds along a rainforest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9727. [PMID: 32923179 PMCID: PMC7457928 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The usually positive inter-specific relationship between geographical range size and the abundance of local bird populations comes with exceptions. On continents, the majority of these exceptions have been described from tropical montane areas in Africa, where geographically-restricted bird species are unusually abundant. We asked how the local abundances of passerine and non-passerine bird species along an elevational gradient on Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea relate to their geographical range size. We collected data on bird assemblages at eight elevations (200–3,700 m, at 500 m elevational increments). We used a standardized point-counts at 16 points at each elevational study site. We partitioned the birds into feeding guilds, and we obtained data on geographical range sizes from the Bird-Life International data zone. We observed a positive relationship between abundance and geographical range size in the lowlands. This trend changed to a negative one towards higher elevations. The total abundances of the assemblage showed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradient, with passerine birds, namely passerine insectivores, driving the observed pattern. In contrast to abundances, the mean biomass of the bird assemblages decreased with increasing elevation. Our results show that montane bird species maintain dense populations which compensate for the decreased available area near the top of the mountain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Entomology Institute, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
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23
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Peralta G, Perry GLW, Vázquez DP, Dehling DM, Tylianakis JM. Strength of niche processes for species interactions is lower for generalists and exotic species. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2145-2155. [PMID: 32495955 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Niche and neutral processes jointly influence species interactions. Predictions of interactions based on these processes assume that they operate similarly across all species. However, species characteristics could systematically create differences in the strength of niche or neutral processes for each interspecific interaction. We used national-level records of plant-frugivore interactions, species traits, biogeographic status (native vs. exotic), phylogenies and species range sizes to test the hypothesis that the strength of niche processes in species interactions changes in predictable ways depending on trophic generalism and biogeographic status of the interacting species. The strength of niche processes (measured as trait matching) decreased when the generalism of the interacting partners increased. Furthermore, the slope of this negative relationship between trait matching and generalism of the interacting partners was steeper (more negative) for interactions between exotic species than those between native species. These results remained significant after accounting for the potential effects of neutral processes (estimated by species range size). These observed changes in the strength of niche processes in generating species interactions, after accounting for effects of neutral processes, could improve predictions of ecological networks from species trait data. Specifically, due to their shorter co-evolutionary history, exotic species tend to interact with native species even when lower trait matching occurs than in interactions among native species. Likewise, interactions between generalist bird species and generalist plant species should be expected to occur despite low trait matching between species, whereas interactions between specialist species involve higher trait matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George L W Perry
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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24
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Chaiyes A, Escobar LE, Willcox EV, Duengkae P, Suksavate W, Watcharaanantapong P, Pongpattananurak N, Wacharapluesadee S, Hemachudha T. An assessment of the niche centroid hypothesis:
Pteropus lylei
(Chiroptera). Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aingorn Chaiyes
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Luis E. Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Emma V. Willcox
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Warong Suksavate
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Nantachai Pongpattananurak
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases – Health Science Centre World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Patumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Thiravat Hemachudha
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases – Health Science Centre World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Patumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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25
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Kwon TS, Lee CM, Ji OY, Athar M, Jung SC, Lim JH, Park YS. Abundance and Distribution of Korean Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae): Dominant Influence of Latitude on Regional Distribution. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040213. [PMID: 32235350 PMCID: PMC7240411 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on abundance and distribution at different scales are rare. We examined whether the abundance of flower flies at a site in South Korea was related to the national occupancy and global distribution (distributional extent or range size) and whether the national occupancy was related to global distribution. In global distribution, the influence of two dimensions (latitude and longitude) was analyzed separately. Flower flies were collected by malaise and pitfall traps at a forest gap in South Korea. Data regarding national occupancy and global distribution were obtained from a Korean Flower Fly Atlas. We collected 46 species from the field survey and obtained a list of 119 species from the Korean Flower Fly Atlas. Our results showed that abundance at a site was positively correlated with national occupancy, but not global distribution, and the national occupancy was positively correlated with global distribution, mainly by the latitudinal range size. Finally, our results indicated that the regional distribution of flower flies was influenced by its one-dimensional global distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung Kwon
- Alpha Insect Diversity Lab, Nowon, Seoul 01746, Korea;
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA; (C.M.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Ok Yeong Ji
- Korea Fly Laboratory, Gangdong, Seoul 05268, Korea;
| | - Mohammad Athar
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA; (C.M.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Sung Cheol Jung
- Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02455, Korea; (S.C.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02455, Korea; (S.C.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Young-Seuk Park
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0946
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26
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Population viability analysis of common marsupials, Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis virginiana, in a scenario of constant loss of native vegetation. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We studied the population viability of two common marsupials, Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis virginiana, based on field data and published ecological and genetic information. Using the VORTEX v. 10. 2.6 program, a 100-year simulation was performed with 1000 iterations for five populations of D. marsupialis and six of D. virginiana. A low probability of extinction was observed in both species, particularly for D. virginiana (0.000–0.007). Population size is higher considering a metapopulation dynamics approach versus individual populations for the two marsupials: 498.25 individuals for D. marsupialis and 367.41 individuals for D. virginiana. The estimated mean genetic diversity was high for both D. marsupialis (H
e
= 0.77–0.78) and D. virginiana (H
e
= 0.79–0.82). The survival of both species over time could be expected to increase if a metapopulation dynamics is favored over the coming decades, despite a 1.3% loss rate of forest cover. The monitoring of population size and genetic diversity is highly recommended to validate the trends suggested by the model; this is especially true for D. marsupialis, a species associated with conserved areas that are becoming progressively less abundant. This research provides information on the responses of common mammalian species to environmental changes such as deforestation.
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27
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Littleford‐Colquhoun BL, Clemente C, Thompson G, Cristescu RH, Peterson N, Strickland K, Stuart‐Fox D, Frere CH. How sexual and natural selection shape sexual size dimorphism: Evidence from multiple evolutionary scales. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christofer Clemente
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Graham Thompson
- Terrestrial Ecosystems Mount Claremont Western Australia Australia
| | - Romane H. Cristescu
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Nicola Peterson
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Kasha Strickland
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Devi Stuart‐Fox
- School of Biosciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Celine H. Frere
- School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
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28
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Hu J, Huang Y, Jiang J, Guisan A. Genetic diversity in frogs linked to past and future climate changes on the roof of the world. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:953-963. [PMID: 30861112 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mountains, representing storehouses of biodiversity, endemism and threatened species, are biodiversity hotspots of great conservation importance. However, increasing evidence indicates that mountain species throughout the world are responding to climate change, past or contemporary, by shifting their geographic distributions and patterns of genetic diversity, potentially affecting their adaptive capacity and increasing risk of extinction. Using the iconic high-elevation frog Nanorana parkeri as indicator, we showed how spatial analyses of climatic stability combined with genetic data allow unravelling amphibian responses to past and future climate changes on 'the roof of the world'-the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We found that areas along the Yarlung Tsangpo Valley were climatically more stable relative to other regions, apparently serving as a large climatic refugium during Quaternary glaciations, but that these areas will likely be affected by future climate change. As populations closer to Quaternary refugia usually had higher genetic diversity, current genetic diversity can be explained in the largest part by distance to historically stable areas, outweighing other historical and contemporary factors. Along with the dynamics of suitable range, a fluctuating habitat fragmentation supported the pattern of historical changes in genetic diversity (Ne ) over time. Our results emphasize strong relationships between amphibian genetic diversity, past range dynamics and where to preserve suitable habitats in the face of future climate changes. More generally, our findings highlighted a central role of refugia during Quaternary climatic fluctuations, and how isolation from refugia may have modulated amphibian genetic diversity across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Webb MH, Heinsohn R, Sutherland WJ, Stojanovic D, Terauds A. An Empirical and Mechanistic Explanation of Abundance-Occupancy Relationships for a Critically Endangered Nomadic Migrant. Am Nat 2019; 193:59-69. [PMID: 30624105 DOI: 10.1086/700595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The positive abundance-occupancy relationship (AOR) is a pervasive pattern in macroecology. Similarly, the association between occupancy (or probability of occurrence) and abundance is also usually assumed to be positive and in most cases constant. Examples of AORs for nomadic species with variable distributions are extremely rare. Here we examined temporal and spatial trends in the AOR over 7 years for a critically endangered nomadic migrant that relies on dynamic pulses in food availability to breed. We predicted a negative temporal relationship, where local mean abundances increase when the number of occupied sites decreases, and a positive relationship between local abundances and the probability of occurrence. We also predicted that these patterns are largely attributable to spatiotemporal variation in food abundance. The temporal AOR was significantly negative, and annual food availability was significantly positively correlated with the number of occupied sites but negatively correlated with abundance. Thus, as food availability decreased, local densities of birds increased, and vice versa. The abundance-probability of occurrence relationship was positive and nonlinear but varied between years due to differing degrees of spatial aggregation caused by changing food availability. Importantly, high abundance (or occupancy) did not necessarily equate to high-quality habitat and may be indicative of resource bottlenecks or exposure to other processes affecting vital rates. Our results provide a rare empirical example that highlights the complexity of AORs for species that target aggregated food resources in dynamic environments.
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30
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Echeverría-Londoño S, Enquist BJ, Neves DM, Violle C, Boyle B, Kraft NJB, Maitner BS, McGill B, Peet RK, Sandel B, Smith SA, Svenning JC, Wiser SK, Kerkhoff AJ. Plant Functional Diversity and the Biogeography of Biomes in North and South America. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Waldock C, Dornelas M, Bates AE. Temperature-Driven Biodiversity Change: Disentangling Space and Time. Bioscience 2018; 68:873-884. [PMID: 30464352 PMCID: PMC6238962 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature regimes have multiple spatial and temporal dimensions that have different impacts on biodiversity. Signatures of warming across these dimensions may contribute uniquely to the large-scale species redistributions and abundance changes that underpin community dynamics. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals that 86% of studies were focused on community responses to temperature aggregated over spatial or temporal dimensions (e.g., mean, median, or extremes). Therefore, the effects of temperature variation in space and time on biodiversity remain generally unquantified. In the present article, we argue that this focus on aggregated temperature measures may limit advancing our understanding of how communities are being altered by climate change. In light of this, we map the cause-and-effect pathways between the different dimensions of temperature change and communities in space and time. A broadened focus, shifted toward a multidimensional perspective of temperature, will allow better interpretation and prediction of biodiversity change and more robust management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldock
- Ecological impacts of climate warming at the University of Southampton under the supervision of Amanda E. Bates
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Maria Dornelas, reader at The University of St Andrews, is a macroecologist focused on biodiversity patterns
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Associate professor and Canada research chair in marine physiological ecology at Memorial University of Newfoundland
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32
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Thornton D, Scully A, King T, Fisher S, Fitkin S, Rohrer J. Hunting associations of American badgers ( Taxidea taxus) and coyotes ( Canis latrans) revealed by camera trapping. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies foraging associations occur in a wide variety of vertebrate taxa and are maintained through gains in foraging efficiency and (or) predator avoidance. Despite their advantages, foraging associations often are variable in space and time and benefits may not accrue equally to all participants. In mammals, interspecies associations between solitary mammalian carnivores are rare. Coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and American badgers (Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)) occasionally form hunting associations in pursuit of ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus Kennicott, 1863), yet spatiotemporal variation in this association may be substantial. Better documentation of coyote–badger interactions across space and time will improve our understanding of the environmental drivers of this relationship and its benefit to both species. We used a broad-scale camera trapping array to document coyote–badger hunting associations. Out of 46 detections of badgers, we found five instances of hunting associations with coyotes, all of which occurred in mid- to late summer when ground squirrels were most active. Given our high rate of detection, these interactions are likely common on our study area. Habitat characteristics of the regions where we document coyote–badger interactions may have increased the likelihood of hunting associations. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of camera traps for documenting this association and suggests that the coyote–badger system may be ideal for studying drivers of spatiotemporal variation in foraging associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thornton
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642812, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Arthur Scully
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Travis King
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642812, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Scott Fisher
- Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Northeast Region, 225 S. Silke Road, Colville, WA 99114, USA
| | - Scott Fitkin
- Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Okanogan District, 350 Bear Creek Road, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA
| | - John Rohrer
- Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, 24 West Chewuch, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA
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33
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Presence-absence of marine macrozoobenthos does not generally predict abundance and biomass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3039. [PMID: 29445105 PMCID: PMC5813040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many monitoring programmes of species abundance and biomass increasingly face financial pressures. Occupancy is often easier and cheaper to measure than abundance or biomass. We, therefore, explored whether measuring occupancy is a viable alternative to measuring abundance and biomass. Abundance- or biomass-occupancy relationships were studied for sixteen macrozoobenthos species collected across the entire Dutch Wadden Sea in eight consecutive summers. Because the form and strength of these relationships are scale-dependent, the analysis was completed at different spatiotemporal scales. Large differences in intercept and slope of abundance- or biomass-occupancy relationships were found. Abundance, not biomass, was generally positively correlated with occupancy. Only at the largest scale, seven species showed reasonably strong abundance-occupancy relationships with large coefficients of determination and small differences in observed and predicted values (RMSE). Otherwise, and at all the other scales, intraspecific abundance and biomass relationships were poor. Our results showed that there is no generic relationship between a species' abundance or biomass and its occupancy. We discuss how ecological differences between species could cause such large variation in these relationships. Future technologies might allow estimating a species' abundance or biomass directly from eDNA sampling data, but for now, we need to rely on traditional sampling technology.
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34
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Steenweg R, Hebblewhite M, Whittington J, Lukacs P, McKelvey K. Sampling scales define occupancy and underlying occupancy-abundance relationships in animals. Ecology 2017; 99:172-183. [PMID: 29065232 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Occupancy-abundance (OA) relationships are a foundational ecological phenomenon and field of study, and occupancy models are increasingly used to track population trends and understand ecological interactions. However, these two fields of ecological inquiry remain largely isolated, despite growing appreciation of the importance of integration. For example, using occupancy models to infer trends in abundance is predicated on positive OA relationships. Many occupancy studies collect data that violate geographical closure assumptions due to the choice of sampling scales and application to mobile organisms, which may change how occupancy and abundance are related. Little research, however, has explored how different occupancy sampling designs affect OA relationships. We develop a conceptual framework for understanding how sampling scales affect the definition of occupancy for mobile organisms, which drives OA relationships. We explore how spatial and temporal sampling scales, and the choice of sampling unit (areal vs. point sampling), affect OA relationships. We develop predictions using simulations, and test them using empirical occupancy data from remote cameras on 11 medium-large mammals. Surprisingly, our simulations demonstrate that when using point sampling, OA relationships are unaffected by spatial sampling grain (i.e., cell size). In contrast, when using areal sampling (e.g., species atlas data), OA relationships are affected by spatial grain. Furthermore, OA relationships are also affected by temporal sampling scales, where the curvature of the OA relationship increases with temporal sampling duration. Our empirical results support these predictions, showing that at any given abundance, the spatial grain of point sampling does not affect occupancy estimates, but longer surveys do increase occupancy estimates. For rare species (low occupancy), estimates of occupancy will quickly increase with longer surveys, even while abundance remains constant. Our results also clearly demonstrate that occupancy for mobile species without geographical closure is not true occupancy. The independence of occupancy estimates from spatial sampling grain depends on the sampling unit. Point-sampling surveys can, however, provide unbiased estimates of occupancy for multiple species simultaneously, irrespective of home-range size. The use of occupancy for trend monitoring needs to explicitly articulate how the chosen sampling scales define occupancy and affect the occupancy-abundance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Steenweg
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Jesse Whittington
- Parks Canada, Banff National Park Resource Conservation, Banff, Alberta, T1L 1K2, Canada
| | - Paul Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Kevin McKelvey
- US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
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Buckley SM, Thurstan RH, Tobin A, Pandolfi JM. Historical spatial reconstruction of a spawning-aggregation fishery. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:1322-1332. [PMID: 28370319 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregations of individual animals that form for breeding purposes are a critical ecological process for many species, yet these aggregations are inherently vulnerable to exploitation. Studies of the decline of exploited populations that form breeding aggregations tend to focus on catch rate and thus often overlook reductions in geographic range. We tested the hypothesis that catch rate and site occupancy of exploited fish-spawning aggregations (FSAs) decline in synchrony over time. We used the Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) spawning-aggregation fishery in the Great Barrier Reef as a case study. Data were compiled from historical newspaper archives, fisher knowledge, and contemporary fishery logbooks to reconstruct catch rates and exploitation trends from the inception of the fishery. Our fine-scale analysis of catch and effort data spanned 103 years (1911-2013) and revealed a spatial expansion of fishing effort. Effort shifted offshore at a rate of 9.4 nm/decade, and 2.9 newly targeted FSAs were reported/decade. Spatial expansion of effort masked the sequential exploitation, commercial extinction, and loss of 70% of exploited FSAs. After standardizing for improvements in technological innovations, average catch rates declined by 90.5% from 1934 to 2011 (from 119.4 to 11.41 fish/vessel/trip). Mean catch rate of Spanish mackerel and occupancy of exploited mackerel FSAs were not significantly related. Our study revealed a special kind of shifting spatial baseline in which a contraction in exploited FSAs occurred undetected. Knowledge of temporally and spatially explicit information on FSAs can be relevant for the conservation and management of FSA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Buckley
- School of Biological Sciences, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ruth H Thurstan
- School of Biological Sciences, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Andrew Tobin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - John M Pandolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Rocha MP, Bini LM, Siqueira T, Hjort J, Grönroos M, Lindholm M, Karjalainen SM, Heino J. Predicting occupancy and abundance by niche position, niche breadth and body size in stream organisms. Oecologia 2017; 186:205-216. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dallas T, Decker RR, Hastings A. Species are not most abundant in the centre of their geographic range or climatic niche. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1526-1533. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tad Dallas
- Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA95616 USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA95616 USA
| | - Robin R. Decker
- Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA95616 USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA95616 USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA95616 USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA95616 USA
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Méndez V, Gill JA, Alves JA, Burton NHK, Davies RG. Consequences of population change for local abundance and site occupancy of wintering waterbirds. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Méndez
- School of Biological Sciences; Norwich Research Park; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Jennifer A. Gill
- School of Biological Sciences; Norwich Research Park; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - José A. Alves
- CESAM; University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
- South Iceland Research Centre; University of Iceland; Selfoss Iceland
| | | | - Richard G. Davies
- School of Biological Sciences; Norwich Research Park; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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Friess N, Gossner MM, Weisser WW, Brandl R, Brändle M. Habitat availability drives the distribution-abundance relationship in phytophagous true bugs in managed grasslands. Ecology 2017; 98:2561-2573. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Friess
- Department of Ecology-Animal Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Straße 8 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitzplatz 2 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Zürcherstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitzplatz 2 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Ecology-Animal Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Straße 8 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Martin Brändle
- Department of Ecology-Animal Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Straße 8 35032 Marburg Germany
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40
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Exploration of Trends in Interspecific Abundance-Occupancy Relationships Using Empirically Derived Simulated Communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170816. [PMID: 28125670 PMCID: PMC5268422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interspecific abundance-occupancy relationship (AOR) is a widely used tool that describes patterns of habitat utilization and, when evaluated over time, may be used to identify large-scale changes in community structure. Our primary goal for this research was to validate the utility of AORs as temporal indicators of community state. We used long-term survey data in four regions of the northwest Atlantic coastal shelf (NWACS) to estimate the diversity of spatial behaviors in each community, which we modeled with negative binomial (NB) distributions. NB parameters were used to generate time series data for simulated communities, from which AORs were then estimated and evaluated for temporal trends. We found that AORs from simulated communities were similar in year-to-year variation to empirical relationships. In order to further understand the role of spatial diversity in the generation of AOR trends, we did additional simulations where NB parameters were manually manipulated. In one instance, we ran simulations while holding species’ parameters constant over time. This treatment effectively removed trends, suggesting that temporal change in community relationships was the result of genuine variation in intraspecific spatial use. In another set of simulations, we conducted a case study to evaluate the impact of a select group of schooling and spatially aggregating species on an especially rapid shift in AORs in the Gulf of Maine from 1973 to 1983. Removals of these species reduced the magnitudes of most trends, demonstrating their importance to observed community changes. This research directly links variation in AORs to distribution and density-related processes and provides a potentially powerful framework to identify community-level change and to test ecological and mechanistic hypotheses.
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41
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Passy SI. Abundance Inequality in Freshwater Communities Has an Ecological Origin. Am Nat 2016; 187:502-16. [DOI: 10.1086/685424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Harvey BP, McKeown NJ, Rastrick SPS, Bertolini C, Foggo A, Graham H, Hall-Spencer JM, Milazzo M, Shaw PW, Small DP, Moore PJ. Individual and population-level responses to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20194. [PMID: 26822220 PMCID: PMC4731747 DOI: 10.1038/srep20194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is predicted to have detrimental effects on many marine organisms and ecological processes. Despite growing evidence for direct impacts on specific species, few studies have simultaneously considered the effects of ocean acidification on individuals (e.g. consequences for energy budgets and resource partitioning) and population level demographic processes. Here we show that ocean acidification increases energetic demands on gastropods resulting in altered energy allocation, i.e. reduced shell size but increased body mass. When scaled up to the population level, long-term exposure to ocean acidification altered population demography, with evidence of a reduction in the proportion of females in the population and genetic signatures of increased variance in reproductive success among individuals. Such increased variance enhances levels of short-term genetic drift which is predicted to inhibit adaptation. Our study indicates that even against a background of high gene flow, ocean acidification is driving individual- and population-level changes that will impact eco-evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Harvey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Niall J McKeown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Samuel P S Rastrick
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Camilla Bertolini
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science &Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Helen Graham
- Uni Research Environment, P.O. Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,School of Marine Science and Technology, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science &Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, CoNISMa, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paul W Shaw
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Daniel P Small
- Biology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Pippa J Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.,Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia, 6027
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43
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Ferenc M, Fjeldså J, Sedláček O, Motombi FN, Djomo Nana E, Mudrová K, Hořák D. Abundance-area relationships in bird assemblages along an Afrotropical elevational gradient: space limitation in montane forest selects for higher population densities. Oecologia 2016; 181:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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D'Amen M, Rahbek C, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A. Spatial predictions at the community level: from current approaches to future frameworks. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:169-187. [PMID: 26426308 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of ecological research is to understand and model how processes generate patterns so that if conditions change, changes in the patterns can be predicted. Different approaches have been proposed for modelling species assemblage, but their use to predict spatial patterns of species richness and other community attributes over a range of spatial and temporal scales remains challenging. Different methods emphasize different processes of structuring communities and different goals. In this review, we focus on models that were developed for generating spatially explicit predictions of communities, with a particular focus on species richness, composition, relative abundance and related attributes. We first briefly describe the concepts and theories that span the different drivers of species assembly. A combination of abiotic processes and biotic mechanisms are thought to influence the community assembly process. In this review, we describe four categories of drivers: (i) historical and evolutionary, (ii) environmental, (iii) biotic, and (iv) stochastic. We discuss the different modelling approaches proposed or applied at the community level and examine them from different standpoints, i.e. the theoretical bases, the drivers included, the source data, and the expected outputs, with special emphasis on conservation needs under climate change. We also highlight the most promising novelties, possible shortcomings, and potential extensions of existing methods. Finally, we present new approaches to model and predict species assemblages by reviewing promising 'integrative frameworks' and views that seek to incorporate all drivers of community assembly into a unique modelling workflow. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these new solutions and how they may hasten progress in community-level modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D'Amen
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- CMEC, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Dynamic Macroecology Group, WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, Geopolis, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Faulks L, Svanbäck R, Ragnarsson-Stabo H, Eklöv P, Östman Ö. Intraspecific Niche Variation Drives Abundance-Occupancy Relationships in Freshwater Fish Communities. Am Nat 2015; 186:272-83. [DOI: 10.1086/682004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Roney NE, Kuparinen A, Hutchings JA. Comparative analysis of abundance–occupancy relationships for species at risk at both broad taxonomic and spatial scales. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The abundance–occupancy relationship is one of the most well-examined relationships in ecology. At the species level, a positive association has been widely documented. However, until recently, research on the nature of this relationship at broad taxonomic and spatial scales has been limited. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of 12 taxonomic groups across a large spatial scale (Canada), using data on Canadian species at risk: amphibians, arthropods, birds, freshwater fishes, lichens, marine fishes, marine mammals, molluscs, mosses, reptiles, terrestrial mammals, and vascular plants. We find a significantly positive relationship in all taxonomic groups with the exception of freshwater fishes (negative association) and lichens (no association). In general, our work underscores the strength and breadth of this apparently fundamental relationship and provides insight into novel applications for large-scale population dynamics. Further development of species-independent abundance–occupancy relationships, or those of a similar nature, might well prove instrumental in serving as starting points for developing species-independent reference points and recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Roney
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna Kuparinen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, Fl-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey A. Hutchings
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
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47
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Lapiedra O, Price TD. Revisiting Fisher: range size drives the correlation between variability and abundance of British bird eggs. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1278-82. [PMID: 25865924 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the correlation between intraspecific variation in egg size and population size in breeding British birds. Using information on abundance, range occupancy, migration status and phylogenetic relationships among species, we show that a wider geographical distribution rather than larger population size per se best predicts egg size variability. A similar result applies to wing length variability. Results from a phylogenetic path analysis suggest that geographical variation is the most parsimonious causal explanation for high intraspecific variation in common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lapiedra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - T D Price
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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Experiments Are Revealing a Foundation Species: A Case Study of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/456904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foundation species are species that create and define particular ecosystems; control in large measure the distribution and abundance of associated flora and fauna; and modulate core ecosystem processes, such as energy flux and biogeochemical cycles. However, whether a particular species plays a foundational role in a system is not simply asserted. Rather, it is a hypothesis to be tested, and such tests are best done with large-scale, long-term manipulative experiments. The utility of such experiments is illustrated through a review of the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment (HF-HeRE), a multidecadal, multihectare experiment designed to test the foundational role of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, in eastern North American forests. Experimental removal of T. canadensis has revealed that after 10 years, this species has pronounced, long-term effects on associated flora and fauna, but shorter-term effects on energy flux and nutrient cycles. We hypothesize that on century-long scales, slower changes in soil microbial associates will further alter ecosystem processes in T. canadensis stands. HF-HeRE may indeed continue for >100 years, but at such time scales, episodic disturbances and changes in regional climate and land cover can be expected to interact in novel ways with these forests and their foundation species.
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49
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Werner EE, Davis CJ, Skelly DK, Relyea RA, Benard MF, McCauley SJ. Cross-scale interactions and the distribution-abundance relationship. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97387. [PMID: 24875899 PMCID: PMC4038483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive interspecific relationships between local abundance and extent of regional distribution are among the most ubiquitous patterns in ecology. Although multiple hypotheses have been proposed, the mechanisms underlying distribution-abundance (d-a) relationships remain poorly understood. We examined the intra- and interspecific distribution-abundance relationships for a metacommunity of 13 amphibian species sampled for 15 consecutive years. Mean density of larvae in occupied ponds was positively related to number of ponds occupied by species; employing the fraction of ponds uniquely available to each species this same relationship sharply decelerates. The latter relationship suggested that more abundant species inhabited most available habitats annually, whereas rarer species were dispersal limited. We inferred the mechanisms responsible for this pattern based on the dynamics of one species, Pseudacris triseriata, which transitioned between a rare, narrowly distributed species to a common, widely distributed species and then back again. Both transitions were presaged by marked changes in mean local densities driven by climatic effects on habitat quality. We identified threshold densities separating these population regime shifts that differed with landscape configuration. Our data suggest that these transitions were caused by strong cross-scale interactions between local resource/niche processes and larger scale metapopulation processes. The patterns we observed have relevance for understanding the mechanisms of interspecific d-a relationships and critical thresholds associated with habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl E. Werner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David K. Skelly
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rick A. Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Benard
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shannon J. McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Koleček J, Albrecht T, Reif J. Predictors of extinction risk of passerine birds in a Central European country. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Koleček
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Brno Czech Republic
| | - T. Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Sciences; Charles University in Prague; Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - J. Reif
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology; Faculty of Science; Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
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