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Giacometti D, Tattersall GJ. Seasonal variation of behavioural thermoregulation in a fossorial salamander ( Ambystoma maculatum). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240537. [PMID: 39233724 PMCID: PMC11371426 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Temperature seasonality plays a pivotal role in shaping the thermal biology of ectotherms. However, we still have a limited understanding of how ectotherms maintain thermal balance in the face of varying temperatures, especially in fossorial species. Due to thermal buffering underground, thermal ecology theory predicts relaxed selection pressure over thermoregulation in fossorial ectotherms. As a result, fossorial ectotherms typically show low thermoregulatory precision and low evidence of thermotactic behaviours in laboratory thermal gradients. Here, we evaluated how temperature selection (T sel) and associated behaviours differed between seasons in a fossorial amphibian, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum). By comparing thermoregulatory parameters between the active and overwintering seasons, we show that A. maculatum engages in active behavioural thermoregulation despite being fossorial. In both seasons, T sel was consistently offset higher than acclimatization temperatures. Thermoregulation differed between seasons, with salamanders having higher T sel and showing greater evidence of thermophilic behaviours in the active compared with the overwintering season. Additionally, our work lends support to experimental assumptions commonly made but seldom tested in thermal biology studies. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that the combination of careful behavioural and thermal biology measurements is a necessary step to better understand the mechanisms that underlie body temperature control in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giacometti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, OntarioL2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Glenn J. Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, OntarioL2S 3A1, Canada
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2
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Contreras J, Gomà J, Velalcázar D, Montori A. Thermal Tolerance and Preferred Temperature in the Critical Endangered Montseny Brook Newt ( Calotriton arnoldi). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1963. [PMID: 38998074 PMCID: PMC11240504 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change, driven by increased human greenhouse gas emissions since the beginning of the industrial revolution up to the present day, is considered one of the major threats to biodiversity in the twenty-first century. One of the most affected groups is the ectotherms due to their direct dependence on environmental temperatures. In recent years, several studies have analysed the effects of temperature and thermal tolerance on several species of ectotherms. However, there are species whose thermal tolerances are still unknown. Such is the case of the critically endangered species, the Montseny Brook Newt (Calotriton arnoldi), endemic to the Montseny massif in Spain and whose thermal biology is unknown. Its critical situation makes it essential to know its tolerance to cooling, warming and thermopreferendum in water environments where the newt lives. Three experimental procedures were conducted from the western and eastern subspecies of C. arnoldi, considering four classes separately (males, females, juveniles and larvae). The results obtained showed that the CTmax of the species exceeded 31 °C, with a significant difference between the two subspecies. We found that the species tolerates low temperatures (<1 °C) well because the genera Calotriton is adapted to live in cold waters with temperatures below 15 °C. Although the thermopreference of the species was expected to trend to cold temperatures, some individuals chose relatively high temperatures, obtaining a range of 11.7 °C to 21.6 °C. The results presented in this study are an advance in the knowledge of the thermal physiology of this species and support the importance of the temperature of the torrent on its survival. Knowing their thermal limits and their preferred temperature range will help to propose management measures that promote the conservation of streams and riparian forest cover to mitigate temperature increases due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Contreras
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076, Quito 170143, Ecuador;
| | - Joan Gomà
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology, and Management Laboratory (FEHM-Lab), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Velalcázar
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. Manuelita Sáenz, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Albert Montori
- CREAC, Centre de Recerca i Educació Ambiental de Calafell, Secció Herpetologia, Aj, Calafell, 43882 Tarragona, Spain
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3
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Plasman M, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Bautista A, Díaz DE LA Vega-Pérez AH. Flexibility in thermal requirements: a comparative analysis of the wide-spread lizard genus Sceloporus. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38880782 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation or acclimation of thermal requirements to environmental conditions can reduce thermoregulation costs and increase fitness, especially in ectotherms, which rely heavily on environmental temperatures for thermoregulation. Insight into how thermal niches have shaped thermal requirements across evolutionary history may help predict the survival of species during climate change. The lizard genus Sceloporus has a widespread distribution and inhabits an ample variety of habitats. We evaluated the effects of geographical gradients (i.e. elevation and latitude) and local environmental temperatures on thermal requirements (i.e. preferred body temperature, active body temperature in the field, and critical thermal limits) of Sceloporus species using published and field-collected data and performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. To contrast macro- and micro-evolutional patterns, we also performed intra-specific analyses when sufficient reports existed for a species. We found that preferred body temperature increased with elevation, whereas body temperature in the field decreased with elevation and increased with local environmental temperatures. Critical thermal limits were not related to the geographic gradient or environmental temperatures. The apparent lack of relation of thermal requirements to geographic gradient may increase vulnerability to extinction due to climate change. However, local and temporal variations in thermal landscape determine thermoregulation opportunities and may not be well represented by geographic gradient and mean environmental temperatures. Results showed that Sceloporus lizards are excellent thermoregulators, have wide thermal tolerance ranges, and the preferred temperature was labile. Our results suggest that Sceloporus lizards can adjust to different thermal landscapes, highlighting opportunities for continuous survival in changing thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Plasman
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amando Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H Díaz DE LA Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias, y Tecnologías-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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4
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Claunch NM, Goodman CM, Kluever BM, Barve N, Guralnick RP, Romagosa CM. Commonly collected thermal performance data can inform species distributions in a data-limited invader. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15880. [PMID: 37741922 PMCID: PMC10517990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting potential distributions of species in new areas is challenging. Physiological data can improve interpretation of predicted distributions and can be used in directed distribution models. Nonnative species provide useful case studies. Panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) are native to Madagascar and have established populations in Florida, USA, but standard correlative distribution modeling predicts no suitable habitat for F. pardalis there. We evaluated commonly collected thermal traits- thermal performance, tolerance, and preference-of F. pardalis and the acclimatization potential of these traits during exposure to naturally-occurring environmental conditions in North Central Florida. Though we observed temperature-dependent thermal performance, chameleons maintained similar thermal limits, performance, and preferences across seasons, despite long-term exposure to cool temperatures. Using the physiological data collected, we developed distribution models that varied in restriction: time-dependent exposure near and below critical thermal minima, predicted activity windows, and predicted performance thresholds. Our application of commonly collected physiological data improved interpretations on potential distributions of F. pardalis, compared with correlative distribution modeling approaches that predicted no suitable area in Florida. These straightforward approaches can be applied to other species with existing physiological data or after brief experiments on a limited number of individuals, as demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Claunch
- USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Colin M Goodman
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bryan M Kluever
- USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Narayani Barve
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina M Romagosa
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Karami P, Tavakoli S, Esmaeili M. Monitoring spatiotemporal impacts of changes in land surface temperature on near eastern fire salamander ( Salamandra infraimmaculata) in the Middle East. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17241. [PMID: 37360077 PMCID: PMC10285218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistence and coexistence of many pond-breeding amphibians depend on seasonality. Temperature, as a seasonal climate component, affects numerous physical and biological processes of pond-breeding amphibians. Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) is the radiative skin temperature of the land surface, which has received less attention in spatiotemporal seasonal habitat monitoring. The present study aims to evaluate the increasing and decreasing effects of LST trends at two levels: (1) habitat suitability and connectivity; (2) individual population sites and their longitudinal distribution (with increasing longitude). Habitat suitability modeling was conducted based on an ensemble species distribution model (eSDM). Using electrical circuit theory, the connectivity of interior and intact habitat cores was investigated. An average seasonal LST was prepared separately for each season from 2003 to 2021 and entered into Mann-Kendall (MK) analysis to determine the spatiotemporal effects of LST changes using the Z-Score (ZMK) at two confidence levels of 95 and 99%. Based on the results, in winter, 28.12% and 70.70% of the suitable habitat were affected by an increasing trend of LST at 95% and 99% confidence levels, respectively. The highest spatial overlap of the decreasing trend of LST with the suitable habitat occurred in summer and was 6.4% at the 95% confidence level and 4.2% at the 99% confidence level. Considering population site at 95% confidence interval, the increasing trend of LST was calculated to be 20.2%, 9.5%, 4.2%, and 6.3% of localities in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. At the 99% confidence level, these percentages reduced to 8.5%, 3.1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. During winter and summer, based on the results of the longitudinal trend, an increasing trend of LST was observed in sites. Localities of Hatay and Iica village in Turkey experienced seasonally asynchronous climate change regimes. The approach used in this study allowed us to create a link between the life cycle and seasonal changes on a micro-scale (breeding sites) and macro-scale (distribution and connectivity). Findings of this paper can be effectively used by conservation managers to preserve S. infraimmaculata's metapopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Karami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Sajad Tavakoli
- Department of Environmental and Forest Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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6
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Turriago JL, Tejedo M, Hoyos JM, Camacho A, Bernal MH. The time course of acclimation of critical thermal maxima is modulated by the magnitude of temperature change and thermal daily fluctuations. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103545. [PMID: 37290261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity in the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) helps ectotherms survive in variable thermal conditions. Yet, little is known about the environmental mechanisms modulating its time course. We used the larvae of three neotropical anurans (Boana platanera, Engystomops pustulosus and Rhinella horribilis) to test whether the magnitude of temperature changes and the existence of fluctuations in the thermal environment affected both the amount of change in CTmax and its acclimation rate (i.e., its time course). For that, we transferred tadpoles from a pre-treatment temperature (23 °C, constant) to two different water temperatures: mean (28 °C) and hot (33 °C), crossed with constant and daily fluctuating thermal regimes, and recorded CTmax values, daily during six days. We modeled changes in CTmax as an asymptotic function of time, temperature, and the daily thermal fluctuation. The fitted function provided the asymptotic CTmax value (CTmax∞) and CTmax acclimation rate (k). Tadpoles achieved their CTmax∞ between one and three days. Transferring tadpoles to the hot treatment generated higher CTmax∞ at earlier times, inducing faster acclimation rates in tadpoles. In contrast, thermal fluctuations equally led to higher CTmax∞ values but tadpoles required longer times to achieve CTmax∞ (i.e., slower acclimation rates). These thermal treatments interacted differently with the studied species. In general, the thermal generalist Rhinella horribilis showed the most plastic acclimation rates whereas the ephemeral-pond breeder Engystomops pustulosus, more exposed to heat peaks during larval development, showed less plastic (i.e., canalized) acclimation rates. Further comparative studies of the time course of CTmax acclimation should help to disentangle the complex interplay between the thermal environment and species ecology, to understand how tadpoles acclimate to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Turriago
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.
| | - Julio M Hoyos
- Grupo UNESIS, Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.
| | - Manuel H Bernal
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia.
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7
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Vera LM, de Alba G, Santos S, Szewczyk TM, Mackenzie SA, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Rey Planellas S. Circadian rhythm of preferred temperature in fish: Behavioural thermoregulation linked to daily photocycles in zebrafish and Nile tilapia. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103544. [PMID: 37055103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectothermic vertebrates, e.g. fish, maintain their body temperature within a specific physiological range mainly through behavioural thermoregulation. Here, we characterise the presence of daily rhythms of thermal preference in two phylogenetically distant and well-studied fish species: the zebrafish (Danio rerio), an experimental model, and the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an aquaculture species. We created a non-continuous temperature gradient using multichambered tanks according to the natural environmental range for each species. Each species was allowed to freely choose their preferred temperature during the 24h cycle over a long-term period. Both species displayed strikingly consistent temporal daily rhythms of thermal preference with higher temperatures being selected during the second half of the light phase and lower temperatures at the end of the dark phase, with mean acrophases at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 5.37 h (zebrafish) and ZT 12.5 h (tilapia). Interestingly, when moved to the experimental tank, only tilapia displayed consistent preference for higher temperatures and took longer time to establish the thermal rhythms. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating both light-driven daily rhythm and thermal choice to refine our understanding of fish biology and improve the management and welfare of the diversity of fish species used in research and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Vera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvere Santos
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tim M Szewczyk
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, SAMS, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Simon A Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sònia Rey Planellas
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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8
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Gvoždík L. Thermoregulatory opportunity and competition act independently on life history traits in aquatic ectotherms. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Biology Brno Czech Republic
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9
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Huey RB, Buckley LB. Designing a Seasonal Acclimation Study Presents Challenges and Opportunities. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac016. [PMID: 35692903 PMCID: PMC9175191 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms living in seasonal environments often adjust physiological capacities and sensitivities in response to (or in anticipation of) environment shifts. Such physiological and morphological adjustments (“acclimation” and related terms) inspire opportunities to explore the mechanistic bases underlying these adjustments, to detect cues inducing adjustments, and to elucidate their ecological and evolutionary consequences. Seasonal adjustments (“seasonal acclimation”) can be detected either by measuring physiological capacities and sensitivities of organisms retrieved directly from nature (or outdoor enclosures) in different seasons or less directly by rearing and measuring organisms maintained in the laboratory under conditions that attempt to mimic or track natural ones. But mimicking natural conditions in the laboratory is challenging—doing so requires prior natural-history knowledge of ecologically relevant body temperature cycles, photoperiods, food rations, social environments, among other variables. We argue that traditional laboratory-based conditions usually fail to approximate natural seasonal conditions (temperature, photoperiod, food, “lockdown”). Consequently, whether the resulting acclimation shifts correctly approximate those in nature is uncertain, and sometimes is dubious. We argue that background natural history information provides opportunities to design acclimation protocols that are not only more ecologically relevant, but also serve as templates for testing the validity of traditional protocols. Finally, we suggest several best practices to help enhance ecological realism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Huey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Stellatelli OA, Vega LE, Block C, Rocca C, Bellagamba P, Dajil JE, Cruz FB. Latitudinal pattern of the thermal sensitivity of running speed in the endemic lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus. Integr Zool 2021; 17:619-637. [PMID: 34496145 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physiological performance in lizards may be affected by climate across latitudinal or altitudinal gradients. In the coastal dune barriers in central-eastern Argentina, the annual maximum environmental temperature decreases up to 2°C from low to high latitudes, while the mean relative humidity of the air decreases from 50% to 25%. Liolaemus multimaculatus, a lizard in the family Liolaemidae, is restricted to these coastal dunes. We investigated the locomotor performance of the species at 6 different sites distributed throughout its range in these dune barriers. We inquired whether locomotor performance metrics were sensitive to the thermal regime attributable to latitude. The thermal performance breadth increased from 7% to 82% with latitude, due to a decrease in its critical thermal minimum of up to 5°C at higher latitudes. Lizards from high latitude sites showed a thermal optimum, that is, the body temperature at which maximum speed is achieved, up to 4°C lower than that of lizards from the low latitude. At relatively low temperatures, the maximum running speed of high-latitude individuals was faster than that of low-latitude ones. Thermal parameters of locomotor performance were labile, decreasing as a function of latitude. These results show populations of L. multimaculatus adjust thermal physiology to cope with local climatic variations. This suggests that thermal sensitivity responds to the magnitude of latitudinal fluctuations in environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Aníbal Stellatelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura E Vega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Block
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Camila Rocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Esteban Dajil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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11
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Baškiera S, Gvoždík L. Repeatability and heritability of resting metabolic rate in a long-lived amphibian. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 253:110858. [PMID: 33276133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR), i.e. spent energy necessary to maintain basic life functions, is a basic component of energy budget in ectotherms. The evolution of RMR through natural selection rests on the premise of its non-zero repeatability and heritability, i.e. consistent variation within individual lifetimes and resemblance between parents and their offspring, respectively. Joint estimates of RMR repeatability and heritability are missing in ectotherms, however, which precludes estimations of the evolutionary potential of this trait. We examined RMR repeatability and heritability in a long-lived ectotherm, the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris). Individual RMR was repeatable over both six-month (0.28 ± 0.09 [SE]) and five-year (0.16 ± 0.07) periods. While there was no resemblance between parent and offspring RMR (0.21 ± 0.34), the trait showed similarity among offspring within families (broad-sense heritability; 0.25 ± 0.09). Similar repeatability and broad-sense heritability values in parental and offspring generations, respectively, and non-conclusive narrow-sense heritability suggest the contribution of non-additive genetic factors to total phenotypic variance in this trait. We conclude that RMR evolutionary trajectories are shaped by other processes than natural selection in this long-lived ectotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Baškiera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Winterová B, Gvoždík L. Individual variation in seasonal acclimation by sympatric amphibians: A climate change perspective. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Winterová
- Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Biology Brno Czech Republic
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13
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Baškiera S, Gvoždík L. Thermal independence of energy management in a tailed amphibian. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senka Baškiera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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14
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Latitudinal comparison of the thermal biology in the endemic lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus. J Therm Biol 2020; 88:102485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Nguyen AD, Brown M, Zitnay J, Cahan SH, Gotelli NJ, Arnett A, Ellison AM. Trade-Offs in Cold Resistance at the Northern Range Edge of the Common Woodland Ant Aphaenogaster picea (Formicidae). Am Nat 2019; 194:E151-E163. [PMID: 31738107 DOI: 10.1086/705939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Geographic variation in low temperatures at poleward range margins of terrestrial species often mirrors population variation in cold resistance, suggesting that range boundaries may be set by evolutionary constraints on cold physiology. The northeastern woodland ant Aphaenogaster picea occurs up to approximately 45°N in central Maine. We combined presence/absence surveys with classification tree analysis to characterize its northern range limit and assayed two measures of cold resistance operating on different timescales to determine whether and how marginal populations adapt to environmental extremes. The range boundary of A. picea was predicted primarily by temperature, but low winter temperatures did not emerge as the primary correlate of species occurrence. Low summer temperatures and high seasonal variability predicted absence above the boundary, whereas high mean annual temperature (MAT) predicted presence in southern Maine. In contrast, assays of cold resistance across multiple sites were consistent with the hypothesis of local cold adaptation at the range edge: among populations, there was a 4-min reduction in chill coma recovery time across a 2° reduction in MAT. Baseline resistance and capacity for additional plastic cold hardening shifted in opposite directions, with hardening capacity approaching zero at the coldest sites. This trade-off between baseline resistance and cold-hardening capacity suggests that populations at range edges may adapt to colder temperatures through genetic assimilation of plastic responses, potentially constraining further adaptation and range expansion.
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Trochet A, Deluen M, Bertrand R, Calvez O, Martínez-Silvestre A, Verdaguer-Foz I, Mossoll-Torres M, Souchet J, Darnet E, Le Chevalier H, Guillaume O, Aubret F. Body Size Increases with Elevation in Pyrenean Newts (Calotriton asper). HERPETOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1655/d-18-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Trochet
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Marine Deluen
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Romain Bertrand
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Olivier Calvez
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | | | - Isabel Verdaguer-Foz
- CRARC (Catalonia Reptile and Amphibian Rescue Center), 08783 Masquefa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jérémie Souchet
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Elodie Darnet
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Hugo Le Chevalier
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS—Université Paul Sabatier, 09200 Moulis, France
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Baškiera S, Gvoždík L. Repeatability of thermal reaction norms for spontaneous locomotor activity in juvenile newts. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Alford JG, Lutterschmidt WI. From conceptual to computational: Cost and benefits of lizard thermoregulation revisited. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:174-183. [PMID: 30509633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A classic paper detailed conceptual analyses of behavioral thermoregulation (Huey and Slatkin, 1976) and has served as the theoretical foundation for hundreds of investigative studies. Most recently, investigators have revisited this theoretical presentation to offer additional interpretation for both heterogeneity and spatial structure of temperature and how it may influence energetic costs (Sears and Angilletta, 2015). Interestingly, this foundational presentation by Huey and Slatkin, over 40 years ago, has never received formal computational analyses to address mathematically the postulates of this conceptual model. Here we use functions that closely mimic those that were described by Huey and Slatkin to provide both a theoretical and computational analysis for the cost and benefits of lizard thermoregulation. We demonstrate both the utility and inherent accuracy of their analyses using a model that was developed conceptually without the use of now readily available computational tools. But contrary to Huey and Slatkin's analyses, we provide a mathematical proof that perfect thermoregulation is never an optimal strategy and show by computational analysis that thermoregulatory strategy (k ) may decrease, not increase, with increasing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Alford
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
| | - William I Lutterschmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States.
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Žák J, Reichard M, Gvoždík L. Limited differentiation of fundamental thermal niches within the killifish assemblage from shallow temporary waters. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:257-262. [PMID: 30509644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of ectothermic species is enabled among other factors by the differentiation of their thermal niches. While this phenomenon is well described from deep temperate lakes, it is unclear whether the same pattern applies to temporary pools. In this study, we examined fundamental thermal niches in three coexisting annual killifish species Nothobranchius furzeri, N. orthonotus and N. pienaari from temporary pools in southern Mozambique. We hypothesized that the disparate thermal requirements of the three congeneric species are a candidate niche component that facilitates their local coexistence. We estimated species' thermal requirements as preferred body temperatures (Tpref) in a horizontal thermal gradient. Under thermal gradient conditions, sympatric killifish maintained their body temperatures within similar Tpref ranges despite some variation in mean Tpref. The daily variation in water temperature in their native habitats enables killifish to thermoregulate at least for part of the diurnal cycle. We conclude that the coexistence of African annual killifish species is possible without the differentiation of their fundamental thermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Winterová B, Gvoždík L. Influence of interspecific competitors on behavioral thermoregulation: developmental or acute plasticity? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Gvoždík
- Inst. of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8; CZ-603 65 Brno Czech Republic
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22
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Stellatelli OA, Villalba A, Block C, Vega LE, Dajil JE, Cruz FB. Seasonal shifts in the thermal biology of the lizard Liolaemus tandiliensis (Squamata, Liolaemidae). J Therm Biol 2018; 73:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Anderson RCDO, Bovo RP, Andrade DV. Seasonal variation in the thermal biology of a terrestrial toad, Rhinella icterica (Bufonidae), from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:77-83. [PMID: 29801654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As ectotherms, amphibians may exhibit changes in their thermal biology associated with spatial and temporal environmental contingencies. However, our knowledge on how amphibian´s thermal biology responds to seasonal changes in the environment is restricted to a few species, mostly from temperate regions, in a marked contrast with the high species diversity found in the Neotropics. We investigated whether or not the seasonal variation in climatic parameters from a high-montane ombrophilous forest in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest could lead to concurrent adjustments in the thermal biology of the terrestrial toad Rhinella icterica. We measured active body temperature (Tb) in the field, and preferred body temperature (Tpref) and thermal tolerance (critical thermal minimum, CTmin, and maximum, CTmax) in the laboratory, for toads collected at two distinct seasons: warm/wet and cold/dry. We also measured operative environmental temperatures (Te) using agar toad models coupled with dataloggers distributed in different microhabitats in the field to estimate accuracy (db) and effectiveness (E) of thermoregulation of the toads for both seasons. Toads had higher Tpref in the warm/wet season compared to the cold/dry season, even though no seasonal change occurred in field Tb's. In the warm/wet season, toads decreased the accuracy of thermoregulation and avoided thermally favorable microhabitats, while in the cold/dry season they increased the accuracy of thermoregulation and exhibited high degree of thermoconformity. This result may encompass thermoregulatory adjustments to seasonal changes in Te's, but may also reflect seasonal differences in compromises between Tb regulation and other ecologically relevant activities (reproduction, foraging). Toads did not exhibit changes in CTmin or CTmax, which indicates a low risk of exposure to extreme temperatures in this particular habitat, at both seasons, possibly combined with a low flexibility of this trait. Overall, our study shows seasonal acclimatization in some aspects of the thermal biology of the toad, R. icterica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Parelli Bovo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denis Vieira Andrade
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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24
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Yuni LPEK, Jones SM, Wapstra E. Thermal biology of the spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus, along an altitudinal gradient. AUST J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/zo18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Body temperatures in ectotherms are strongly affected by their thermal environment. Ectotherms respond to variation in the thermal environment either by modification of behavioural thermoregulation to maintain their optimal body temperature or by shifting their optimal body temperature. In this study, the body temperatures of males of three populations of spotted snow skinks, Niveoscincus ocellatus, living along an altitudinal gradient (low, mid, and high altitude) were studied in the field and laboratory in spring, summer, and autumn, representing the full activity period of this species. The environmental variation across both sites and seasons affected their field active body temperatures. At the low and mid altitude, N. ocellatus had a higher mean body temperature than at the high altitude. Animals achieved their thermal preference at the low and mid altitude sites in all seasons. At the high altitude, however, N. ocellatus struggled to reach its preferred body temperatures, especially in autumn. The lower body temperature at the high-altitude site is likely due to limited thermal opportunity and/or an effect of avoiding the costs associated with increased intensity of basking.
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25
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Stellatelli OA, Block C, Villalba A, Vega LE, Dajil JE, Cruz FB. Behavioral compensation buffers body temperatures of two Liolaemus lizards under contrasting environments from the temperate Pampas: a Bogert effect? ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1388293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Stellatelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Deán Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Block
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Deán Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustina Villalba
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS). Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Deán Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura E. Vega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Deán Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Dajil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Deán Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Félix B. Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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26
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Gvoždík L, Kristín P. Economic thermoregulatory response explains mismatch between thermal physiology and behaviour in newts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1106-1111. [PMID: 28082616 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.145573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor determining distribution and abundance of organisms. Predicting the impact of warming climate on ectotherm populations requires information about species' thermal requirements, i.e. their so-called 'thermal niche'. The characterization of thermal niche remains a complicated task. We compared the applicability of two indirect approaches, based on reaction norm (aerobic scope curve) and optimality (preferred body temperature) concepts, for indirect estimation of thermal niche while using newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, as a study system. If the two approaches are linked, then digesting newts should keep their body temperatures close to values maximizing aerobic scope for digestion. After feeding, newts maintained their body temperatures within a narrower range than did hungry individuals. The range of preferred body temperatures was well below the temperature maximizing aerobic scope for digestion. Optimal temperatures for factorial aerobic scope fell within the preferred body temperature range of digesting individuals. We conclude that digesting newts prefer body temperatures that are optimal for the maximum aerobic performance but relative to the maintenance costs. What might be termed the 'economic' thermoregulatory response explains the mismatch between thermal physiology and behaviour in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Květná 8, Brno CZ 60365, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kristín
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Květná 8, Brno CZ 60365, Czech Republic
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27
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Variation in winter metabolic reduction between sympatric amphibians. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:110-114. [PMID: 27418441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Distribution and abundance of temperate ectotherms is determined, in part, by the depletion of their limited caloric reserves during wintering. The magnitude of winter energy drain depends on the species-specific capacity to seasonally modify the minimal maintenance costs. We examined seasonal variation of minimum oxygen consumption between two newt species, Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris. Oxygen consumption was measured in both species during their active season (daily temperature range=12-22°C) and wintering period (4°C) at 4°C and 8°C. The seasonal reduction in metabolic rates differed between species and experimental temperatures. Wintering newts reduced their metabolic rates at 4°C and 8°C in I. alpestris, but only at 8°C in L. vulgaris. Both species reduced the thermal sensitivity of oxygen consumption during wintering. Theoretical calculations of winter depletion of caloric reserves under various thermal conditions revealed that seasonal metabolic reduction is more effective in I. alpestris than in L. vulgaris, and its effectiveness will increase with the proportion of warmer days during wintering period. The variation in winter metabolic reduction between sympatric newt species potentially contributes to their distribution patterns and population dynamics under climate change.
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28
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Dillon ME, Woods HA, Wang G, Fey SB, Vasseur DA, Telemeco RS, Marshall K, Pincebourde S. Life in the Frequency Domain: the Biological Impacts of Changes in Climate Variability at Multiple Time Scales. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:14-30. [PMID: 27252201 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, biologists have made substantial progress in understanding relationships between changing climates and organism performance. Much of this work has focused on temperature because it is the best kept of climatic records, in many locations it is predicted to keep rising into the future, and it has profound effects on the physiology, performance, and ecology of organisms, especially ectothermic organisms which make up the vast majority of life on Earth. Nevertheless, much of the existing literature on temperature-organism interactions relies on mean temperatures. In reality, most organisms do not directly experience mean temperatures; rather, they experience variation in temperature over many time scales, from seconds to years. We propose to shift the focus more directly on patterns of temperature variation, rather than on means per se, and present a framework both for analyzing temporal patterns of temperature variation and for incorporating those patterns into predictions about organismal biology. In particular, we advocate using the Fourier transform to decompose temperature time series into their component sinusoids, thus allowing transformations between the time and frequency domains. This approach provides (1) standardized ways of visualizing the contributions that different frequencies make to total temporal variation; (2) the ability to assess how patterns of temperature variation have changed over the past half century and may change into the future; and (3) clear approaches to manipulating temporal time series to ask "what if" questions about the potential effects of future climates. We first summarize global patterns of change in temperature variation over the past 40 years; we find meaningful changes in variation at the half day to yearly times scales. We then demonstrate the utility of the Fourier framework by exploring how power added to different frequencies alters the overall incidence of long-term waves of high and low temperatures, and find that power added to the lowest frequencies greatly increases the probability of long-term heat and cold waves. Finally, we review what is known about the time scales over which organismal thermal performance curves change in response to variation in the thermal environment. We conclude that integrating information characterizing both the frequency spectra of temperature time series and the time scales of resulting physiological change offers a powerful new avenue for relating climate, and climate change, to the future performance of ectothermic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Dillon
- *Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - H Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - George Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Samuel B Fey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - David A Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rory S Telemeco
- Department of Biology, V6T 1Z4 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI, CNRS UMR 7261), Université François Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Tours 37200, France
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29
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Do female newts modify thermoregulatory behavior to manipulate egg size? J Therm Biol 2016; 57:72-7. [PMID: 27033041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive females manipulate offspring phenotypes by modifying conditions during embryogenesis. In ectotherms, the environmental control over embryogenesis is often realized by changes in maternal thermoregulation during gravidity. To determine if reproduction influences thermoregulatory behavior in species where females lay eggs shortly after fertilization (strict oviparity), we compared preferred body temperatures (Tp) between reproductive (egg-laying) and non-reproductive female newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris. Next, we exposed reproductive females to temperatures mimicking Tp ranges of reproductive and non-reproductive individuals to find out whether the maternally modified thermal regime influences ovum and jelly coat volume, and early cleavage rates at the time of oviposition. In the thermal gradient, reproductive females maintained their body temperatures within a narrower range than non-reproductive individuals. The exposure of ovipositing females to temperatures preferred during their reproductive and non-reproductive period had a negligible influence on egg size and early cleavage rates. We conclude that the modification of maternal thermoregulatory behavior provides a limited opportunity to manipulate egg traits in newts.
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30
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Influence of Surrounding Medium on Metabolic Rates in Alpine Newts,Ichthyosaura alpestris, during Aquatic Phase. J HERPETOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1670/15-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Piasečná K, Pončová A, Tejedo M, Gvoždík L. Thermoregulatory strategies in an aquatic ectotherm from thermally-constrained habitats: An evaluation of current approaches. J Therm Biol 2015; 52:97-107. [PMID: 26267504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many ectotherms employ diverse behavioral adjustments to effectively buffer the spatio-temporal variation in environmental temperatures, whereas others remain passive to thermal heterogeneity. Thermoregulatory studies are frequently performed on species living in thermally benign habitats, which complicate understanding of the thermoregulation-thermoconformity continuum. The need for new empirical data from ectotherms exposed to thermally challenging conditions requires the evaluation of available methods for quantifying thermoregulatory strategies. We evaluated the applicability of various thermoregulatory indices using fire salamander larvae, Salamandra salamandra, in two aquatic habitats, a forest pool and well, as examples of disparate thermally-constrained environments. Water temperatures in the well were lower and less variable than in the pool. Thermal conditions prevented larvae from reaching their preferred body temperature range in both water bodies. In contrast to their thermoregulatory abilities examined in a laboratory thermal gradient, field body temperatures only matched the mean and range of operative temperatures, showing thermal passivity of larvae in both habitats. Despite apparent thermoconformity, thermoregulatory indices indicated various strategies from active thermoregulation, to thermoconformity, and even thermal evasion, which revealed their limited applicability under thermally-constrained conditions. Salamander larvae abandoned behavioral thermoregulation despite varying opportunities to increase their body temperature above average water temperatures. Thermoconformity represents a favored strategy in these ectotherms living in more thermally-constrained environments than those examined in previous thermoregulatory studies. To understand thermal ecology and its impact on population dynamics, the quantification of thermoregulatory strategies of ectotherms in thermally-constrained habitats requires the careful choice of an appropriate method to avoid misleading results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Piasečná
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Pončová
- Czech Union for Nature Conservation, V Zálomu 2948/1, 70030 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Americo Vespucio, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Basson CH, Clusella-Trullas S. The Behavior-Physiology Nexus: Behavioral and Physiological Compensation Are Relied on to Different Extents between Seasons. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:384-94. [DOI: 10.1086/682010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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33
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Balogová M, Gvoždík L. Can newts cope with the heat? Disparate thermoregulatory strategies of two sympatric species in water. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128155. [PMID: 25993482 PMCID: PMC4439017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ectotherms effectively reduce their exposure to low or high environmental temperatures using behavioral thermoregulation. In terrestrial ectotherms, thermoregulatory strategies range from accurate thermoregulation to thermoconformity according to the costs and limits of thermoregulation, while in aquatic taxa the quantification of behavioral thermoregulation have received limited attention. We examined thermoregulation in two sympatric newt species, Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris, exposed to elevated water temperatures under semi-natural conditions. According to a recent theory, we predicted that species for which elevated water temperatures pose a lower thermal quality habitat, would thermoregulate more effectively than species in thermally benign conditions. In the laboratory thermal gradient, L. vulgaris maintained higher body temperatures than I. alpestris. Semi-natural thermal conditions provided better thermal quality of habitat for L. vulgaris than for I. alpestris. Thermoregulatory indices indicated that I. alpestris actively thermoregulated its body temperature, whereas L. vulgaris remained passive to the thermal heterogeneity of aquatic environment. In the face of elevated water temperatures, sympatric newt species employed disparate thermoregulatory strategies according to the species-specific quality of the thermal habitat. Both strategies reduced newt exposure to suboptimal water temperatures with the same accuracy but with or without the costs of thermoregulation. The quantification of behavioral thermoregulation proves to be an important conceptual and methodological tool for thermal ecology studies not only in terrestrial but also in aquatic ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Balogová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Gvoždík L. Mismatch Between Ectotherm Thermal Preferenda and Optima for Swimming: A Test of the Evolutionary Pace Hypothesis. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Polčák D, Gvoždík L. Should I stay or should I go? The influence of temperature and sex on predator-induced responses in newts. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Malan A. The Evolution of Mammalian Hibernation: Lessons from Comparative Acid-Base Physiology. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:484-96. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Kristín P, Gvoždík L. Influence of respirometry methods on intraspecific variation in standard metabolic rates in newts. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smolinský R, Gvoždík L. Interactive influence of biotic and abiotic cues on the plasticity of preferred body temperatures in a predator-prey system. Oecologia 2012; 170:47-55. [PMID: 22358997 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modify phenotypes in response to heterogeneity of the thermal environment represents an important component of an ectotherm's non-genetic adaptive capacity. Despite considerable attention being dedicated to the study of thermally-induced developmental plasticity, whether or not interspecific interactions shape the plastic response in both a predator and its prey remains unknown. We tested several predictions about the joint influence of predator/prey scents and thermal conditions on the plasticity of preferred body temperatures (T (p)) in both actors of this interaction, using a dragonfly nymphs-newt larvae system. Dragonfly nymphs (Aeshna cyanea) and newt eggs (Ichthyosaura alpestris) were subjected to fluctuating cold and warm thermal regimes (7-12 and 12-22°C, respectively) and the presence/absence of a predator or prey chemical cues. Preferred body temperatures were measured in an aquatic thermal gradient (5-33°C) over a 24-h period. Newt T (p) increased with developmental temperature irrespective of the presence/absence of predator cues. In dragonflies, thermal reaction norms for T (p) were affected by the interaction between temperature and prey cues. Specifically, the presence of newt scents in cold regime lowered dragonfly T (p). We concluded that predator-prey interactions influenced thermally-induced plasticity of T (p) but not in a reciprocal fashion. The occurrence of frequency-dependent thermal plasticity may have broad implications for predator-prey population dynamics, the evolution of thermal biology traits, and the consequences of sustaining climate change within ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Smolinský
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Studenec 122, 67502, Koněšín, Czech Republic
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Gvozdík L. Plasticity of preferred body temperatures as means of coping with climate change? Biol Lett 2011; 8:262-5. [PMID: 22072284 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulatory behaviour represents an important component of ectotherm non-genetic adaptive capacity that mitigates the impact of ongoing climate change. The buffering role of behavioural thermoregulation has been attributed solely to the ability to maintain near optimal body temperature for sufficiently extended periods under altered thermal conditions. The widespread occurrence of plastic modification of target temperatures that an ectotherm aims to achieve (preferred body temperatures) has been largely overlooked. I argue that plasticity of target temperatures may significantly contribute to an ectotherm's adaptive capacity. Its contribution to population persistence depends on both the effectiveness of acute thermoregulatory adjustments (reactivity) in buffering selection pressures in a changing thermal environment, and the total costs of thermoregulation (i.e. reactivity and plasticity) in a given environment. The direction and magnitude of plastic shifts in preferred body temperatures can be incorporated into mechanistic models, to improve predictions of the impact of global climate change on ectotherm populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Gvozdík
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Koněšín, Czech Republic.
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