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Petersen LE, Kellermann MY, Fiegel LJ, Nietzer S, Bickmeyer U, Abele D, Schupp PJ. Photodegradation of a bacterial pigment and resulting hydrogen peroxide release enable coral settlement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3562. [PMID: 36864107 PMCID: PMC9981606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The global degradation of coral reefs is steadily increasing with ongoing climate change. Yet coral larvae settlement, a key mechanism of coral population rejuvenation and recovery, is largely understudied. Here, we show how the lipophilic, settlement-inducing bacterial pigment cycloprodigiosin (CYPRO) is actively harvested and subsequently enriched along the ectoderm of larvae of the scleractinian coral Leptastrea purpura. A light-dependent reaction transforms the CYPRO molecules through photolytic decomposition and provides a constant supply of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to attachment on the substrate and metamorphosis into a coral recruit. Micromolar concentrations of H2O2 in seawater also resulted in rapid metamorphosis, but without prior larval attachment. We propose that the morphogen CYPRO is responsible for initiating attachment while simultaneously acting as a molecular generator for the comprehensive metamorphosis of pelagic larvae. Ultimately, our approach opens a novel mechanistic dimension to the study of chemical signaling in coral settlement and provides unprecedented insights into the role of infochemicals in cross-kingdom interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Erik Petersen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias Y Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Laura J Fiegel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Doris Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Gunasekera S, Meyer JL, Ding Y, Abboud KA, Luo D, Campbell JE, Angerhofer A, Goodsell JL, Raymundo LJ, Liu J, Ye T, Luesch H, Teplitski M, Paul VJ. Chemical and Metagenomic Studies of the Lethal Black Band Disease of Corals Reveal Two Broadly Distributed, Redox-Sensitive Mixed Polyketide/Peptide Macrocycles. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:111-121. [PMID: 30636420 PMCID: PMC6350197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Black band disease (BBD), a lethal, polymicrobial disease consortium dominated by the cyanobacterium Roseofilum reptotaenium, kills many species of corals worldwide. To uncover chemical signals or cytotoxins that could be important in proliferation of Roseofilum and the BBD layer, we examined the secondary metabolites present in geographically diverse collections of BBD from Caribbean and Pacific coral reefs. Looekeyolide A (1), a 20-membered macrocyclic compound formed by a 16-carbon polyketide chain, 2-deamino-2-hydroxymethionine, and d-leucine, and its autoxidation product looekeyolide B (2) were extracted as major compounds (∼1 mg g-1 dry wt) from more than a dozen field-collected BBD samples. Looekeyolides A and B were also produced by a nonaxenic R. reptotaenium culture under laboratory conditions at similar concentrations. R. reptotaenium genomes that were constructed from four different metagenomic data sets contained a unique nonribosomal peptide/polyketide biosynthetic cluster that is likely responsible for the biosynthesis of the looekeyolides. Looekeyolide A, which readily oxidizes to looekeyolide B, may play a biological role in reducing H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species that could occur in the BBD layer as it overgrows and destroys coral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie L. Meyer
- Soil
and Water Sciences Department, University
of Florida−Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Danmeng Luo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | | | - Alexander Angerhofer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin L. Goodsell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - Junyang Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and
Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen
Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and
Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen
Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Max Teplitski
- Smithsonian
Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
- Soil
and Water Sciences Department, University
of Florida−Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian
Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
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