1
|
Qin F, Xie M, Ding J, Li Y, Song W. Ecological Niche Characteristics of the Diets of Three Sympatric Rodents in the Meili Snow Mountain, Yunnan. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2392. [PMID: 39199926 PMCID: PMC11350641 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dietary preferences and ecological niche characteristics of mammals not only reveals their adaptive strategies under environmental changes but also reveals the interspecific relationships and coexistence mechanisms among sympatric species. Nevertheless, such data are scarce for rodents inhabiting areas spanning a wide altitude range. This study employed DNA metabarcoding technology to analyze the stomach contents of Apodemus ilex, Apodemus chevrieri, and Niviventer confucianus, aiming to investigate their dietary compositions and diversity in the Meili Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. Levins's and Pianka's indices were used to compare the interspecific niche breadth and niche overlaps. The results revealed the following: (1) Insecta (relative abundance: 59.4-78.4%) and Clitellata (relative abundance: 5.2-25.5%) were the primary animal food sources for the three species, while Magnoliopsida (relative abundance: 90.3-99.9%) constitutes their main plant food source. Considerable interspecific differences were detected in the relative abundance of primary animal and plant foods among the three species; (2) There was partial overlap in the genus-level animal food between A. ilex and N. confucianus (Ojk = 0.4648), and partial overlap in plant food between A. ilex and A. chevrieri (Ojk = 0.3418). However, no overlap exists between A. chevrieri and N. confucianus, either in animal or plant food; (3) There were no significant interspecific differences in the α-diversity of animal and plant foods among the three species. The feeding strategies and ecological niche variations of these rodents support the niche differentiation hypothesis, indicating that they have diversified in their primary food sources. This diversification may be a strategy to reduce competition and achieve long-term coexistence by adjusting the types and proportions of primary foods consumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (F.Q.); (M.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengru Xie
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (F.Q.); (M.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jichao Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China;
| | - Yongyuan Li
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (F.Q.); (M.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenyu Song
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (F.Q.); (M.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Willink B, Ware JL, Svensson EI. Tropical Origin, Global Diversification, and Dispersal in the Pond Damselflies (Coenagrionoidea) Revealed by a New Molecular Phylogeny. Syst Biol 2024; 73:290-307. [PMID: 38262741 PMCID: PMC11282367 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The processes responsible for the formation of Earth's most conspicuous diversity pattern, the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), remain unexplored for many clades in the Tree of Life. Here, we present a densely sampled and dated molecular phylogeny for the most speciose clade of damselflies worldwide (Odonata: Coenagrionoidea) and investigate the role of time, macroevolutionary processes, and biome-shift dynamics in shaping the LDG in this ancient insect superfamily. We used process-based biogeographic models to jointly infer ancestral ranges and speciation times and to characterize within-biome dispersal and biome-shift dynamics across the cosmopolitan distribution of Coenagrionoidea. We also investigated temporal and biome-dependent variation in diversification rates. Our results uncover a tropical origin of pond damselflies and featherlegs ~105 Ma, while highlighting the uncertainty of ancestral ranges within the tropics in deep time. Even though diversification rates have declined since the origin of this clade, global climate change and biome-shifts have slowly increased diversity in warm- and cold-temperate areas, where lineage turnover rates have been relatively higher. This study underscores the importance of biogeographic origin and time to diversify as important drivers of the LDG in pond damselflies and their relatives, while diversification dynamics have instead resulted in the formation of ephemeral species in temperate regions. Biome-shifts, although limited by tropical niche conservatism, have been the main factor reducing the steepness of the LDG in the last 30 Myr. With ongoing climate change and increasing northward range expansions of many damselfly taxa, the LDG may become less pronounced. Our results support recent calls to unify biogeographic and macroevolutionary approaches to improve our understanding of how latitudinal diversity gradients are formed and why they vary across time and among taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Willink
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18b, Stockholm 106-91, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jessica L Ware
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 223-62, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mutizabal-Aros J, Ramírez ME, Haye PA, Meynard A, Pinilla-Rojas B, Núñez A, Latorre-Padilla N, Search FV, Tapia FJ, Saldías GS, Navarrete SA, Contreras-Porcia L. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Ulva spp. (Ulvophyceae; Chlorophyta) from Algarrobo Bay, Chile: Understanding the Composition of Green Tides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1258. [PMID: 38732473 PMCID: PMC11085182 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Green algae blooms of the genus Ulva are occurring globally and are primarily attributed to anthropogenic factors. At Los Tubos beach in Algarrobo Bay along the central Chilean coast, there have been blooms of these algae that persist almost year-round over the past 20 years, leading to environmental, economic, and social issues that affect the local government and communities. The objective of this study was to characterize the species that form these green tides based on a combination of ecological, morpho-anatomical, and molecular information. For this purpose, seasonal surveys of beached algal fronds were conducted between 2021 and 2022. Subsequently, the sampled algae were analyzed morphologically and phylogenetically using the molecular markers ITS1 and tufA, allowing for the identification of at least five taxa. Of these five taxa, three (U. stenophylloides, U. uncialis, U. australis) have laminar, foliose, and distromatic morphology, while the other two (U. compressa, U. aragoensis) have tubular, filamentous, and monostromatic fronds. Intertidal surveys showed that U. stenophylloides showed the highest relative coverage throughout the seasons and all intertidal levels, followed by U. uncialis. Therefore, we can establish that the green tides on the coast of Algarrobo in Chile are multispecific, with differences in relative abundance during different seasons and across the intertidal zone, opening opportunities for diverse future studies, ranging from ecology to algal biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Mutizabal-Aros
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - María Eliana Ramírez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
| | - Pilar A. Haye
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Andrés Meynard
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Benjamín Pinilla-Rojas
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alejandra Núñez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Nicolás Latorre-Padilla
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
| | - Francesca V. Search
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems (NUTME), Las Cruces, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fabian J. Tapia
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Gonzalo S. Saldías
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, Chile
| | - Sergio A. Navarrete
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems (NUTME), Las Cruces, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (J.M.-A.); (M.E.R.); (A.M.); (B.P.-R.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile; (P.A.H.); (N.L.-P.); (F.V.S.); (G.S.S.); (S.A.N.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McEachin S, Drury JP, Grether GF. Competitive Displacement and Agonistic Character Displacement, or the Ghost of Interference Competition. Am Nat 2024; 203:335-346. [PMID: 38358816 DOI: 10.1086/728671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractInterference competition can drive species apart in habitat use through competitive displacement in ecological time and agonistic character displacement (ACD) over evolutionary time. As predicted by ACD theory, sympatric species of rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.) that respond more aggressively to each other in staged encounters differ more in microhabitat use. However, the same pattern could arise from competitive displacement if dominant species actively exclude subordinate species from preferred microhabitats. The degree to which habitat partitioning is caused by competitive displacement can be assessed with removal experiments. We carried out removal experiments with three species pairs of rubyspot damselflies. With competitive displacement, removing dominant species should allow subordinate species to shift into the dominant species' microhabitat. Instead, we found that species-specific microhabitat use persisted after the experimental removals. Thus, the previously documented association between heterospecific aggression and microhabitat partitioning in this genus is most likely a product of divergence in habitat preferences caused by interference competition in the evolutionary past.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali HAA, Coulson T, Clegg SM, Quilodrán CS. The effect of divergent and parallel selection on the genomic landscape of divergence. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17225. [PMID: 38063473 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
While the role of selection in divergence along the speciation continuum is theoretically well understood, defining specific signatures of selection in the genomic landscape of divergence is empirically challenging. Modelling approaches can provide insight into the potential role of selection on the emergence of a heterogenous genomic landscape of divergence. Here, we extend and apply an individual-based approach that simulates the phenotypic and genotypic distributions of two populations under a variety of selection regimes, genotype-phenotype maps, modes of migration, and genotype-environment interactions. We show that genomic islands of high differentiation and genomic valleys of similarity may respectively form under divergent and parallel selection between populations. For both types of between-population selection, negative and positive frequency-dependent selection within populations generated genomic islands of higher magnitude and genomic valleys of similarity, respectively. Divergence rates decreased under strong dominance with divergent selection, as well as in models including genotype-environment interactions under parallel selection. For both divergent and parallel selection models, divergence rate was higher under an intermittent migration regime between populations, in contrast to a constant level of migration across generations, despite an equal number of total migrants. We highlight that interpreting a particular evolutionary history from an observed genomic pattern must be done cautiously, as similar patterns may be obtained from different combinations of evolutionary processes. Modelling approaches such as ours provide an opportunity to narrow the potential routes that generate the genomic patterns of specific evolutionary histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A A Ali
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonya M Clegg
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio S Quilodrán
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gómez-Llano M, Boys WA, Ping T, Tye SP, Siepielski AM. Interactions between fitness components across the life cycle constrain competitor coexistence. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2297-2308. [PMID: 37087690 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms can promote competitor coexistence. Yet, these mechanisms are often considered in isolation from one another. Consequently, whether multiple mechanisms shaping coexistence combine to promote or constrain species coexistence remains an open question. Here, we aim to understand how multiple mechanisms interact within and between life stages to determine frequency-dependent population growth, which has a key role stabilizing local competitor coexistence. We conducted field experiments in three lakes manipulating relative frequencies of two Enallagma damselfly species to evaluate demographic contributions of three mechanisms affecting different fitness components across the life cycle: the effect of resource competition on individual growth rate, predation shaping mortality rates, and mating harassment determining fecundity. We then used a demographic model that incorporates carry-over effects between life stages to decompose the relative effect of each fitness component generating frequency-dependent population growth. This decomposition showed that fitness components combined to increase population growth rates for one species when rare, but they combined to decrease population growth rates for the other species when rare, leading to predicted exclusion in most lakes. Because interactions between fitness components within and between life stages vary among populations, these results show that local coexistence is population specific. Moreover, we show that multiple mechanisms do not necessarily increase competitor coexistence, as they can also combine to yield exclusion. Identifying coexistence mechanisms in other systems will require greater focus on determining contributions of different fitness components across the life cycle shaping competitor coexistence in a way that captures the potential for population-level variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Llano
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, 65188, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Wade A Boys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Taylor Ping
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Simon P Tye
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Adam M Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patterson CW, Drury JP. Interspecific behavioural interference and range dynamics: current insights and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2012-2027. [PMID: 37364865 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel biotic interactions in shifting communities play a key role in determining the ability of species' ranges to track suitable habitat. To date, the impact of biotic interactions on range dynamics have predominantly been studied in the context of interactions between different trophic levels or, to a lesser extent, exploitative competition between species of the same trophic level. Yet, both theory and a growing number of empirical studies show that interspecific behavioural interference, such as interspecific territorial and mating interactions, can slow down range expansions, preclude coexistence, or drive local extinction, even in the absence of resource competition. We conducted a systematic review of the current empirical research into the consequences of interspecific behavioural interference on range dynamics. Our findings demonstrate there is abundant evidence that behavioural interference by one species can impact the spatial distribution of another. Furthermore, we identify several gaps where more empirical work is needed to test predictions from theory robustly. Finally, we outline several avenues for future research, providing suggestions for how interspecific behavioural interference could be incorporated into existing scientific frameworks for understanding how biotic interactions influence range expansions, such as species distribution models, to build a stronger understanding of the potential consequences of behavioural interference on the outcome of future range dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan P Drury
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meng X, Huang G, Wang Z, Niu H, Zhang H. Asymmetric competition for seeds between two sympatric food hoarding rodents: implications for coexistence. Integr Zool 2023; 18:817-830. [PMID: 35416418 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric competition occurs when some species have distinct advantages over their competitors and is common in animals with overlapping habitats and diet. However, the mechanism allowing coexistence between asymmetric competitors is not fully clear. Chinese white-bellied rats (Niviventer confucianus, CWR) and Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsulae, KFM) are common asymmetric competitors in shrublands and forests west of Beijing city. They share similar diet (e.g. plant seeds) and activity (nocturnal), but differ in body size (CWR are bigger than KFM), food hoarding habit (CWR: mainly larder hoarding; KFM: both larder and scatter hoarding), and ability to protect cached food (CWR are more aggressive than KFM). Here, we tested seed competition in 15 CWR-KFM pairs over a 10-day period under semi-natural enclosure conditions to uncover the differences in food hoarding, cache pilferage, and food protection between the 2 rodents, and discuss the implication for coexistence. Prior to pilferage, CWR harvested and ate more seeds than KFM. CWR tended to larder hoard seeds, whereas KFM preferred to scatter hoard seeds. Following pilferage, CWR increased consumption, decreased intensity of hoarding, and pilfered more caches from KFM than they lost, while KFM increased consumption more than they hoarded, and they preferred to hoard seeds in low and medium competition areas. Accordingly, both of the 2 rodent species increased their total energy consumption and hoarding following pilferage. Both rodent species tended to harvest seeds from the source, rather than pilfer caches from each other to compensate for cache loss via pilferage. Compared to CWR, KFM consumed fewer seeds when considering seed number, but hoarded more seeds when considering the seeds' relative energy (energy of hoarded seeds/rodent body mass2/3 ) at the end of the trials. These results suggest that asymmetric competition for food exists between CWR and KFM, but differentiation in hoarding behavior could help the subordinate species (i.e. KFM) hoard more energy than the dominant species (i.e. CWR), and may contribute to their coexistence in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangchuan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Niu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pesce S, Bérard A, Coutellec MA, Hedde M, Langlais-Hesse A, Larras F, Leenhardt S, Mongruel R, Munaron D, Sabater S, Gallai N. Linking ecotoxicological effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions to impairment of ecosystem services is a challenge: an illustration with the case of plant protection products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29128-x. [PMID: 37548787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in using the ecosystem services framework for environmental risk assessments of chemicals, including plant protection products (PPPs). Although this topic is increasingly discussed in the recent scientific literature, there is still a substantial gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid evaluation of potential ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services. This was recently highlighted by a collective scientific assessment (CSA) performed by 46 scientific experts who analyzed the international science on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services. Here, we first point out the main obstacles to better linking knowledge on the ecotoxicological effects of PPPs on biodiversity and ecological processes with ecosystem functions and services. Then, we go on to propose and discuss possible pathways for related improvements. We describe the main processes governing the relationships between biodiversity, ecological processes, and ecosystem functions in response to effects of PPP, and we define categories of ecosystem functions that could be directly linked with the ecological processes used as functional endpoints in investigations on the ecotoxicology of PPPs. We then explore perceptions on the possible links between these categories of ecosystem functions and ecosystem services among a sub-panel of the scientific experts from various fields of environmental science. We find that these direct and indirect linkages still need clarification. This paper, which reflects the difficulties faced by the multidisciplinary group of researchers involved in the CSA, suggests that the current gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid potential evaluation of ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services could be partially addressed if concepts and definitions related to ecological processes, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services were more widely accepted and shared within the ecotoxicology community. Narrowing this gap would help harmonize and extend the science that informs decision-making and policy-making, and ultimately help to better address the trade-off between social benefits and environmental losses caused by the use of PPPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro-Agrocampus Ouest, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Mickaël Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Floriane Larras
- INRAE, DEPE, Paris, France
- KREATiS SAS, 23 rue du Creuzat, ZAC de St-Hubert, 38080, L'Isle-d'Abeau, France
| | | | - Rémi Mongruel
- Ifremer, UMR 6308 Amure, CS10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, and Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona-Montilivi Campus, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Nicola Gallai
- UMR LEREPS/ENSFEA, 2 route de Narbonne, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, 31320 Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adhikari P, Lee YH, Poudel A, Hong SH, Park YS. Global spatial distribution of Chromolaena odorata habitat under climate change: random forest modeling of one of the 100 worst invasive alien species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9745. [PMID: 37328479 PMCID: PMC10275895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and global climate change increase the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion. To predict its global distribution and habitat suitability under climate change, a random forest (RF) model was employed. The RF model, utilizing default parameters, analyzed species presence data and background information. The model revealed that the current spatial distribution of C. odorata covers 7,892,447 km2. Predictions for 2061- 2080 indicate expansion of suitable habitat (42.59 and 46.30%), reduction of suitable habit (12.92 and 12.20%), and preservation of suitable habitat (87.08 and 87.80%) under the SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) 2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively, in comparison to the present distribution. Currently, C. odorata is predominantly found in South America, with limited presence in other continents. However, the data suggest that climate change will elevate the global invasion risk of C. odorata worldwide, particularly in Oceania, Africa, and Australia. Countries such as Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Lesotho, which currently have unsuitable habitats, are predicted to have highly suitable habitats with climate change, supporting the idea that global habitat expansion for C. odorata will occur due to climate change. This study indicates that proper management of C. odorata is crucial during the early invasion phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Adhikari
- Institute of Humanities and Ecology Consensus Resilience Lab, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Institute of Humanities and Ecology Consensus Resilience Lab, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
- OJeong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Poudel
- School of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- School of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Soon Park
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea.
- Agricultural and Fisheries Life Science Research Institute, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McFadden IR, Sendek A, Brosse M, Bach PM, Baity‐Jesi M, Bolliger J, Bollmann K, Brockerhoff EG, Donati G, Gebert F, Ghosh S, Ho H, Khaliq I, Lever JJ, Logar I, Moor H, Odermatt D, Pellissier L, de Queiroz LJ, Rixen C, Schuwirth N, Shipley JR, Twining CW, Vitasse Y, Vorburger C, Wong MKL, Zimmermann NE, Seehausen O, Gossner MM, Matthews B, Graham CH, Altermatt F, Narwani A. Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:203-218. [PMID: 36560926 PMCID: PMC10107666 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering biodiversity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species-level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process-based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco-evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence diversity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce divergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape diversity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Morgane Brosse
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Peter M. Bach
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Marco Baity‐Jesi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Janine Bolliger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Giulia Donati
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Friederike Gebert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Shyamolina Ghosh
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Hsi‐Cheng Ho
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Imran Khaliq
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - J. Jelle Lever
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Ivana Logar
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Helen Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Institute of Ecology & EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)DavosSwitzerland
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - J. Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Cornelia W. Twining
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mark K. L. Wong
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Institute of Ecology & EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Tang J, Ren G, Zhao K, Wang X. Global potential distribution prediction of Xanthium italicum based on Maxent model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16545. [PMID: 34400696 PMCID: PMC8368065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alien invasive plants pose a threat to global biodiversity and the cost of control continues to rise. Early detection and prediction of potential risk areas are essential to minimize ecological and socio-economic costs. In this study, the Maxent model was used to predict current and future climatic conditions to estimate the potential global distribution of the invasive plant Xanthium italicum. The model consists of 366 occurrence records (10 repeats, 75% for calibration and 25% for verification) and 10 climate prediction variables. According to the model forecast, the distribution of X. italicum was expected to shrink in future climate scenarios with human intervention, which may be mainly caused by the rise in global average annual temperature. The ROC curve showed that the AUC values of the training set and the test set are 0.965 and 0.906, respectively, indicating that the prediction result of this model was excellent. The contribution rates of annual mean temperature, monthly mean diurnal temperature range, standard deviation of temperature seasonal change and annual average precipitation to the geographical distribution of X. italicum were 65.3%, 11.2%, 9.0%, and 7.7%, respectively, and the total contribution rate was 93.2%. These four variables are the dominant environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of X. italicum, and the influence of temperature is greater than that of precipitation. Through our study on the potential distribution prediction of X. italicum under the future climatic conditions, it has contribution for all countries to strengthen its monitoring, prevention and control, including early warning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China. .,Institute of Data Mining and Intelligent Computing, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China.
| | - Jieshi Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Gang Ren
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Kaixin Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xianfang Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China.,Institute of Data Mining and Intelligent Computing, Henan Institute of Technology, Henan, 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Furness EN, Garwood RJ, Mannion PD, Sutton MD. Productivity, niche availability, species richness, and extinction risk: Untangling relationships using individual-based simulations. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8923-8940. [PMID: 34257936 PMCID: PMC8258231 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has often been suggested that the productivity of an ecosystem affects the number of species that it can support. Despite decades of study, the nature, extent, and underlying mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. One suggested mechanism is the "more individuals" hypothesis (MIH). This proposes that productivity controls the number of individuals in the ecosystem, and that more individuals can be divided into a greater number of species before their population size is sufficiently small for each to be at substantial risk of extinction. Here, we test this hypothesis using REvoSim: an individual-based eco-evolutionary system that simulates the evolution and speciation of populations over geological time, allowing phenomena occurring over timescales that cannot be easily observed in the real world to be evaluated. The individual-based nature of this system allows us to remove assumptions about the nature of speciation and extinction that previous models have had to make. Many of the predictions of the MIH are supported in our simulations: Rare species are more likely to undergo extinction than common species, and species richness scales with productivity. However, we also find support for relationships that contradict the predictions of the strict MIH: species population size scales with productivity, and species extinction risk is better predicted by relative than absolute species population size, apparently due to increased competition when total community abundance is higher. Furthermore, we show that the scaling of species richness with productivity depends upon the ability of species to partition niche space. Consequently, we suggest that the MIH is applicable only to ecosystems in which niche partitioning has not been halted by species saturation. Some hypotheses regarding patterns of biodiversity implicitly or explicitly overlook niche theory in favor of neutral explanations, as has historically been the case with the MIH. Our simulations demonstrate that niche theory exerts a control on the applicability of the MIH and thus needs to be accounted for in macroecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euan N. Furness
- Department of Earth Sciences and EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Grantham InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Russell J. Garwood
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Earth Sciences DepartmentNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | - Mark D. Sutton
- Department of Earth Sciences and EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Xu M, Shaw KL. Spatial Mixing between Calling Males of Two Closely Related, Sympatric Crickets Suggests Beneficial Heterospecific Interactions in a NonAdaptive Radiation. J Hered 2021; 111:84-91. [PMID: 31782960 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatry among closely related species occurs in both adaptive and nonadaptive radiations. Among closely related, sympatric species of a nonadaptive radiation, the lack of ecological differentiation brings species into continual contact where individuals are exposed to the risk of reproductive interference. Selection thus should cause divergence in multiple components mediating the reproductive boundary. Besides differentiation of reproductive signals per se, spatial segregation is a commonly proposed mechanism that can mitigate reproductive interference. Studying a pair of broadly sympatric, closely related cricket species from a nonadaptive radiation in Hawaii, we 1) quantified acoustic divergence of male songs and 2) tested alternative hypotheses of spatial distribution of calling males of the 2 species. Acoustic analyses of the recorded songs showed that, while the 2 species differed substantially in pulse rate, no spectral or fine temporal segregation of the pulse structure was evident, indicating the potential for acoustic masking. Moreover, we found that calling males of the 2 species are highly mixed both vertically and horizontally and showed the same preference for calling sites. More surprisingly, calling males were found to form mixed-species calling clusters where heterospecific males are closer to each other than conspecific males. Such an individual spacing pattern suggests low heterospecific aggression and/or high conspecific competition. Because females prefer higher sound intensity, heterospecific males may benefit, rather than interfere, with each other in attracting females. These findings offer a potential mechanism enabling species coexistence in sympatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gómez-Llano M, Germain RM, Kyogoku D, McPeek MA, Siepielski AM. When Ecology Fails: How Reproductive Interactions Promote Species Coexistence. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:610-622. [PMID: 33785182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
That species must differ ecologically is often viewed as a fundamental condition for their stable coexistence in biological communities. Yet, recent work has shown that ecologically equivalent species can coexist when reproductive interactions and sexual selection regulate population growth. Here, we review theoretical models and highlight empirical studies supporting a role for reproductive interactions in maintaining species diversity. We place reproductive interactions research within a burgeoning conceptual framework of coexistence theory, identify four key mechanisms in intra- and interspecific interactions within and between sexes, speculate on novel mechanisms, and suggest future research. Given the preponderance of sexual reproduction in nature, our review suggests that this is a neglected path towards explaining species diversity when traditional ecological explanations have failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Llano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Rachel M Germain
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daisuke Kyogoku
- The Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan
| | - Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Adam M Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma Z(S. Niche-neutral theoretic approach to mechanisms underlying the biodiversity and biogeography of human microbiomes. Evol Appl 2021; 14:322-334. [PMID: 33664779 PMCID: PMC7896709 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome consists of five major regional biomes distributed in or on our five body sites including skin, oral, lung, gut, and reproductive tract. Its biogeography (the spatial and temporal distribution of its biodiversity) has far-reaching implications to our health and diseases. Nevertheless, we currently have very limited understanding on the mechanisms shaping the biogeography, since it is often rather difficult to determine the relative importance of drift, dispersal, speciation, and selection, the four processes (mechanisms) determining the patterns of microbial biogeography and community dynamics according to a recent synthesis in community ecology and biogeography. To disentangle these mechanisms, I utilize multisite neutral (MSN) model and niche-neutral hybrid (NNH) model to analyze large number of truly multisite microbiome samples covering all five major human microbiome habitats, including 699 metacommunities and 5,420 local communities. Approximately 89% of metacommunities and 92% local communities exhibit patterns indistinguishable from neutral, and 20% indistinguishable from niche-neutral hybrid model, indicating the relative significance of stochastic neutral forces versus deterministic niche selection in shaping the biogeography of human microbiome. These findings cast supporting evidence to van der Gast's revision to classic Bass-Becking doctrine of microbial biogeography: "Some things are everywhere and some things are not. Sometimes the environment selects and sometimes it doesn't," offering the first educated guess for "some" and "sometimes" in the revised doctrine. Furthermore, the logistic/Cox regression models describing the relationships among community neutrality, niche differentiation, and key community/species characteristics (including community diversity, community/species dominance, speciation, and migration rates) were constructed to quantitatively describe the niche-neutral continuum and the influences of community/species properties on the continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshan (Sam) Ma
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology LabState Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Svensson EI, Willink B, Duryea MC, Lancaster LT. Temperature drives pre‐reproductive selection and shapes the biogeography of a female polymorphism. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:149-159. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
19
|
The Invasion Criterion: A Common Currency for Ecological Research. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:925-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Svensson EI, Connallon T. How frequency-dependent selection affects population fitness, maladaptation and evolutionary rescue. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1243-1258. [PMID: 31417612 PMCID: PMC6691226 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological problems, particularly maladaptation, biological conservation and evolutionary rescue remain underexplored. The neglect of FD selection in conservation is particularly unfortunate. Classical theory, dating back to the 1940s, demonstrated that frequency dependence can either increase or decrease population fitness. These evolutionary consequences of FD selection are relevant to modern concerns about population persistence and the capacity of evolution to alleviate extinction risks. But exactly when should we expect FD selection to increase versus decrease absolute fitness and population growth? And how much of an impact is FD selection expected to have on population persistence versus extinction in changing environments? The answers to these questions have implications for evolutionary rescue under climate change and may inform strategies for managing threatened populations. Here, we revisit the core theory of FD selection, reviewing classical single-locus models of population genetic change and outlining short- and long-run consequences of FD selection for the evolution of population fitness. We then develop a quantitative genetic model of evolutionary rescue in a deteriorating environment, with population persistence hinging upon the evolution of a quantitative trait subject to both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent natural selection. We discuss the empirical literature pertinent to this theory, which supports key assumptions of our model. We show that FD selection can promote population persistence when it aligns with the direction of frequency-independent selection imposed by abiotic environmental conditions. However, under most scenarios of environmental change, FD selection limits a population's evolutionary responsiveness to changing conditions and narrows the rate of environmental change that is evolutionarily tolerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Legault G, Fox JW, Melbourne BA. Demographic stochasticity alters expected outcomes in experimental and simulated non‐neutral communities. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Legault
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599‐3280 USA
| | - Jeremy W. Fox
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Brett A. Melbourne
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ousterhout BH, Serrano M, Bried JT, Siepielski AM. A framework for linking competitor ecological differences to coexistence. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1534-1548. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mabel Serrano
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Jason T. Bried
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Adam M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Arrowsmith J, Shivaprakash KN, Larrivée M, Turgeon J, Lessard J. Environmental filtering along a broad‐scale acidity gradient shapes the structure of odonate communities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arrowsmith
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | | | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium Montreal Space for Life Montreal Québec H1X 2B2 Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Department of Biology Laval University Québec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Žák J, Reichard M, Gvoždík L. Limited differentiation of fundamental thermal niches within the killifish assemblage from shallow temporary waters. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:257-262. [PMID: 30509644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of ectothermic species is enabled among other factors by the differentiation of their thermal niches. While this phenomenon is well described from deep temperate lakes, it is unclear whether the same pattern applies to temporary pools. In this study, we examined fundamental thermal niches in three coexisting annual killifish species Nothobranchius furzeri, N. orthonotus and N. pienaari from temporary pools in southern Mozambique. We hypothesized that the disparate thermal requirements of the three congeneric species are a candidate niche component that facilitates their local coexistence. We estimated species' thermal requirements as preferred body temperatures (Tpref) in a horizontal thermal gradient. Under thermal gradient conditions, sympatric killifish maintained their body temperatures within similar Tpref ranges despite some variation in mean Tpref. The daily variation in water temperature in their native habitats enables killifish to thermoregulate at least for part of the diurnal cycle. We conclude that the coexistence of African annual killifish species is possible without the differentiation of their fundamental thermal niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siepielski AM, Hasik AZ, Ousterhout BH. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on species coexistence under global change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:71-77. [PMID: 30551829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whether assemblages of insect species locally coexist or are only being slowly lost from communities remains an enduring question. Addressing this question is especially critical in the wake of global change, which is expected to reshuffle biological communities and create novel interspecific interactions. In reviewing studies of putative insect species coexistence, we find that few have demonstrated necessary criteria to conclude that species coexist. We also find that few integrate ecological and evolutionary perspectives towards understanding coexistence. Yet, both micro-evolutionary and macroevolutionary processes can play a critical role in shaping species coexistence mechanisms, especially in response to global change. We suggest that understanding how global change may affect the makeup of communities can be best achieved by developing a research program focused on the joint contribution of ecological and evolutionary processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Adam Z Hasik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brittany H Ousterhout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gomez-Llano MA, Bensch HM, Svensson EI. Sexual conflict and ecology: Species composition and male density interact to reduce male mating harassment and increase female survival. Evolution 2018; 72:906-915. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gomez-Llano
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; United Kingdom
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Hanna M. Bensch
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| |
Collapse
|