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Lv P, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Du J. Genome-wide profiles of H3K9me3, H3K27me3 modifications, and DNA methylation during diapause of Asian corn borer ( Ostrinia furnacalis). Genome Res 2024; 34:725-739. [PMID: 38866549 PMCID: PMC11216315 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278661.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Diapause represents a crucial adaptive strategy used by insects to cope with changing environmental conditions. In North China, the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) enters a winter larval diapause stage. Although there is growing evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms in diapause regulation, it remains unclear whether dynamic genome-wide profiles of epigenetic modifications exist during this process. By investigating multiple histone modifications, we have discovered the essential roles of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 during diapause of the Asian corn borer. Building upon previous findings in vertebrates highlighting the connection between DNA methylation and repressive histone methylations, we have examined changes in the genome-wide profile of H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and DNA methylation at the nondiapause, prediapause, and diapause stages. Data analysis reveals significant alterations in these three modifications during diapause. Moreover, we observe a correlation between the H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 modification sites during diapause, whereas DNA modifications show little association with either H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Integrative analysis of epigenome and expression data unveils the relationship between these epigenetic modifications and gene expression levels at corresponding diapause stages. Furthermore, by studying the function of histone modifications on genes known to be important in diapause, especially those involved in the juvenile pathway, we discover that the juvenile hormone pathway lies downstream from H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 histone modifications. Finally, the analysis of gene loci with modified modifications unreported in diapause uncovers novel pathways potentially crucial in diapause regulation. This study provides a valuable resource for future investigations aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lv
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingzhuo Yang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianguo Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Roberts KT, Steward RA, Süess P, Lehmann P, Wheat CW. A time course analysis through diapause reveals dynamic temporal patterns of microRNAs associated with endocrine regulation in the butterfly Pieris napi. Mol Ecol 2024:e17348. [PMID: 38597329 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting highly seasonal environments must cope with a wide range of environmentally induced challenges. Many seasonal challenges require extensive physiological modification to survive. In winter, to survive extreme cold and limited resources, insects commonly enter diapause, which is an endogenously derived dormant state associated with minimized cellular processes and low energetic expenditure. Due to the high degree of complexity involved in diapause, substantial cellular regulation is required, of which our understanding primarily derives from the transcriptome via messenger RNA expression dynamics. Here we aim to advance our understanding of diapause by investigating microRNA (miRNA) expression in diapausing and direct developing pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi. We identified coordinated patterns of miRNA expression throughout diapause in both head and abdomen tissues of pupae, and via miRNA target identification, found several expression patterns to be enriched for relevant diapause-related physiological processes. We also identified two candidate miRNAs, miR-14-5p and miR-2a-3p, that are likely involved in diapause progression through their activity in the ecdysone pathway, a critical regulator of diapause termination. miR-14-5p targets phantom, a gene in the ecdysone synthesis pathway, and is upregulated early in diapause. miR-2a-3p has been found to be expressed in response to ecdysone, and is upregulated during diapause termination. Together, the expression patterns of these two miRNAs match our current understanding of the timing of hormonal regulation of diapause in P. napi and provide interesting candidates to further explore the mechanistic role of microRNAs in diapause regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Roberts
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rachel A Steward
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip Süess
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Roka Pun H, Karp X. An RNAi screen for conserved kinases that enhance microRNA activity after dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae007. [PMID: 38226857 PMCID: PMC10917497 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gene regulation in changing environments is critical for maintaining homeostasis. Some animals undergo a stress-resistant diapause stage to withstand harsh environmental conditions encountered during development. MicroRNAs are one mechanism for regulating gene expression during and after diapause. MicroRNAs downregulate target genes posttranscriptionally through the activity of the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Argonaute is the core microRNA-induced silencing complex protein that binds to both the microRNA and to other microRNA-induced silencing complex proteins. The 2 major microRNA Argonautes in the Caenorhabditis elegans soma are ALG-1 and ALG-2, which function partially redundantly. Loss of alg-1 [alg-1(0)] causes penetrant developmental phenotypes including vulval defects and the reiteration of larval cell programs in hypodermal cells. However, these phenotypes are essentially absent if alg-1(0) animals undergo a diapause stage called dauer. Levels of the relevant microRNAs are not higher during or after dauer, suggesting that activity of the microRNA-induced silencing complex may be enhanced in this context. To identify genes that are required for alg-1(0) mutants to develop without vulval defects after dauer, we performed an RNAi screen of genes encoding conserved kinases. We focused on kinases because of their known role in modulating microRNA-induced silencing complex activity. We found RNAi knockdown of 4 kinase-encoding genes, air-2, bub-1, chk-1, and nekl-3, caused vulval defects and reiterative phenotypes in alg-1(0) mutants after dauer, and that these defects were more penetrant in an alg-1(0) background than in wild type. Our results implicate these kinases as potential regulators of microRNA-induced silencing complex activity during postdauer development in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal Roka Pun
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Xantha Karp
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Hashimshony T, Levin L, Fröbius AC, Dahan N, Chalifa-Caspi V, Hamo R, Gabai-Almog O, Blais I, Assaraf YG, Lubzens E. A transcriptomic examination of encased rotifer embryos reveals the developmental trajectory leading to long-term dormancy; are they "animal seeds"? BMC Genomics 2024; 25:119. [PMID: 38281016 PMCID: PMC10821554 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organisms from many distinct evolutionary lineages acquired the capacity to enter a dormant state in response to environmental conditions incompatible with maintaining normal life activities. Most studied organisms exhibit seasonal or annual episodes of dormancy, but numerous less studied organisms enter long-term dormancy, lasting decades or even centuries. Intriguingly, many planktonic animals produce encased embryos known as resting eggs or cysts that, like plant seeds, may remain dormant for decades. Herein, we studied a rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a model planktonic species that forms encased dormant embryos via sexual reproduction and non-dormant embryos via asexual reproduction and raised the following questions: Which genes are expressed at which time points during embryogenesis? How do temporal transcript abundance profiles differ between the two types of embryos? When does the cell cycle arrest? How do dormant embryos manage energy? RESULTS As the molecular developmental kinetics of encased embryos remain unknown, we employed single embryo RNA sequencing (CEL-seq) of samples collected during dormant and non-dormant embryogenesis. We identified comprehensive and temporal transcript abundance patterns of genes and their associated enriched functional pathways. Striking differences were uncovered between dormant and non-dormant embryos. In early development, the cell cycle-associated pathways were enriched in both embryo types but terminated with fewer nuclei in dormant embryos. As development progressed, the gene transcript abundance profiles became increasingly divergent between dormant and non-dormant embryos. Organogenesis was suspended in dormant embryos, concomitant with low transcript abundance of homeobox genes, and was replaced with an ATP-poor preparatory phase characterized by very high transcript abundance of genes encoding for hallmark dormancy proteins (e.g., LEA proteins, sHSP, and anti-ROS proteins, also found in plant seeds) and proteins involved in dormancy exit. Surprisingly, this period appeared analogous to the late maturation phase of plant seeds. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights novel divergent temporal transcript abundance patterns between dormant and non-dormant embryos. Remarkably, several convergent functional solutions appear during the development of resting eggs and plant seeds, suggesting a similar preparatory phase for long-term dormancy. This study accentuated the broad novel molecular features of long-term dormancy in encased animal embryos that behave like "animal seeds".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Hashimshony
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liron Levin
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Andreas C Fröbius
- Molecular Andrology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Reini Hamo
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oshri Gabai-Almog
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idit Blais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Lubzens
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- (Retired) Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
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Jiang C, Storey KB, Yang H, Sun L. Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14093. [PMID: 37762394 PMCID: PMC10531719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aestivation is considered to be one of the "purest" hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Abstract
Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due to low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of many species is tightly coupled to their ability to survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, with a particular focus on coping with cold injury and energetic challenges. Anticipatory processes such as cold acclimation and diapause cause wholesale transcriptional reorganization that increases cold resistance and promotes cryoprotectant production and energy storage. Molecular responses to low temperature are also dynamic and include signaling events during and after a cold stressor to prevent and repair cold injury. In addition, we highlight mechanisms that are subject to selection as insects evolve to variable winter conditions. Based on current knowledge, despite common threads, molecular mechanisms of winter survival vary considerably across species, and taxonomic biases must be addressed to fully appreciate the mechanistic basis of winter survival across the insect phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA;
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie A Reynolds
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Peng G, Zhu C, Sun Q, Li J, Chen Y, Guo Y, Ji H, Yang F, Dong W. Testicular miRNAs and tsRNAs provide insight into gene regulation during overwintering and reproduction of Onychostoma macrolepis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:481-499. [PMID: 35595880 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The late overwintering period and breeding period are two important developmental stages of testis in Onychostoma macrolepis. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are well-known regulators of biological processes associated with numerous biological processes. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of four sncRNA classes (microRNAs [miRNAs], Piwi-interacting RNAs [piRNAs], tRNA-derived small RNAs [tsRNAs], and rRNA-derived small RNAs [rsRNAs]) across testes in the late overwintering period (in March) and breeding period (in June) by high-throughput sequencing. The testis of O. macrolepis displayed the highest levels of piRNAs and lowest levels of rsRNAs. Compared with miRNAs and tsRNAs in June, tsRNAs in March had a higher abundance, while miRNAs in March had a much lower abundance. Bioinformatics analysis identified 1,362 and 1,340 differentially expressed miRNAs and tsRNAs, respectively. Further analysis showed that miR-200-1, miR-143-1, tRFi-Lys-CTT-1, and tRFi-Glu-CTC-1 could play critical roles during the overwintering and breeding periods. Our findings provided an unprecedented insight to reveal the epigenetic mechanism underlying the overwintering and reproduction process of male O. macrolepis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jincan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yining Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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8
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Peng G, Sun Q, Chen Y, Wu X, Guo Y, Ji H, Yang F, Dong W. A comprehensive overview of ovarian small non-coding RNAs in the late overwintering and breeding periods of Onychostoma macrolepis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100967. [PMID: 35168176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of the ovary of Onychostoma macrolepis undergoes distinct annual cyclic changes in which small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) could play vital roles. In this study, four sncRNA classes in the ovary, including miRNA, piRNAs, tsRNA, and rsRNAs, were systematically profiled by high-throughput sequencing. In adult ovaries of O. macrolepis, 247 miRNAs and 235 tsRNAs were identified as differentially expressing in the late overwintering period (in March) and breeding period (in June). Some up-regulated sncRNAs in March, such as miR-125-1 and tRFi-Lys-CTT-1, could be involved in inhibiting biomolecule metabolism and enhancing stress tolerance during the overwintering period. Compared with the level expression of sncRNAs in March, some sncRNAs were up-regulated in June, such as miR-146-1 and tRFi-Gly-GCC-1, and could be involved in influencing molecular synthesis and metabolism, enhancing oocyte proliferation and maturation, accelerating ovarian development, and increasing fertilization of oocytes by regulating related target mRNAs. The results suggested that sncRNAs in the ovary of Onychostoma macrolepis not only reflect characteristics of the fish's physiology at different developmental periods, but also directly affect ovarian development and oocyte maturation during the breeding period. In conclusion, these results significantly advance our understanding of the roles of sncRNA during overwintering and reproduction periods, and provide a novel perspective for uncovering characteristics of the special overwintering ecology and reproductive physiology of an atypical cavefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yining Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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9
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Easwaran S, Van Ligten M, Kui M, Montell DJ. Enhanced germline stem cell longevity in Drosophila diapause. Nat Commun 2022; 13:711. [PMID: 35132083 PMCID: PMC8821637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In many species including humans, aging reduces female fertility. Intriguingly, some animals preserve fertility longer under specific environmental conditions. For example, at low temperature and short day-length, Drosophila melanogaster enters a state called adult reproductive diapause. As in other stressful conditions, ovarian development arrests at the yolk uptake checkpoint; however, mechanisms underlying fertility preservation and post-diapause recovery are largely unknown. Here, we report that diapause causes more complete arrest than other stresses yet preserves greater recovery potential. During dormancy, germline stem cells (GSCs) incur DNA damage, activate p53 and Chk2, and divide less. Despite reduced niche signaling, germline precursor cells do not differentiate. GSCs adopt an atypical, suspended state connected to their daughters. Post-diapause recovery of niche signaling and resumption of division contribute to restoring GSCs. Mimicking one feature of quiescence, reduced juvenile hormone production, enhanced GSC longevity in non-diapausing flies. Thus, diapause mechanisms provide approaches to GSC longevity enhancement. Drosophila enter adult reproductive diapause in low temperatures and short day, halting ovarian development yet preserving fertility. Here the authors show that ovarian arrest in diapause is distinct from other stress responses and that despite DNA damage and decreased division, germline stem cells recover.
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10
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Guo S, Wang X, Kang L. Special Significance of Non- Drosophila Insects in Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576571. [PMID: 33072758 PMCID: PMC7536347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the leading risk factor of human chronic diseases. Understanding of aging process and mechanisms facilitates drug development and the prevention of aging-related diseases. Although many aging studies focus on fruit fly as a canonical insect system, minimal attention is paid to the potentially significant roles of other insects in aging research. As the most diverse group of animals, insects provide many aging types and important complementary systems for aging studies. Insect polyphenism represents a striking example of the natural variation in longevity and aging rate. The extreme intraspecific variations in the lifespan of social insects offer an opportunity to study how aging is differentially regulated by social factors. Insect flight, as an extremely high-intensity physical activity, is suitable for the investigation of the complex relationship between metabolic rate, oxidative stress, and aging. Moreover, as a "non-aging" state, insect diapause not only slows aging process during diapause phase but also affects adult longevity during/after diapause. In the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of aging regulation in insects. Herein, the recent research progress in non-Drosophila insect aging was reviewed, and its potential utilization in aging in the future was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Winding Hansen B. Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: "An Egg Is Not Just an Egg". THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:145-169. [PMID: 31714859 DOI: 10.1086/705546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting embryonic dormancy in invertebrates defies our understanding of what constitutes life because, for example, eggs of some copepods can delay hatching for decades or even centuries. Copepods, often millimeter-sized crustaceans, are some of the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth and are key organisms in most aquatic food webs. Some important free-living marine and estuarine species overwinter or oversummer by arrested embryogenesis in dormancy. The present contribution discusses the complex mechanisms behind embryonic dormancy by compiling knowledge from the 42 calanoid copepods from the superfamily Centropagoidea with well-described embryonic dormancy, which has been of scientific interest for decades. However, the determination of categories of copepod resting eggs-that is, diapause and quiescence, transitions between categories, the mechanisms controlling arrested development by the embryos, and how they interact with their surroundings-is not fully understood. Moreover, a clear link between the presence of the free-swimming population and their resting eggs in sediments is still not convincingly demonstrated. Here I evaluate the relative significance of potential cues driving the production of and the phase shift between egg categories. Understanding the initiation and termination of embryonic dormancy is of great importance for fundamental science-that is, population and food web ecology as well as climate science, aquaculture live feed, and ballast water research. Molecular techniques are developing rapidly, especially within health sciences, thus providing relevant tools applicable for plankton research. Here I suggest that applying molecular methods in addition to traditional physiological approaches in future research will lead to greater understanding of copepod embryonic dormancy, one of nature's wonders.
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